Bibliografie tematiche / Efficiencey

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Efficiencey"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024
Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Efficiencey"

1

Rana, Ms Sakshi, Mr Mirtunjay Kumar, Mr Dharmendra Kumar Sharma e Mr Manoj Kumar. "COMMAND –LINE INTERFACES FOR MACHINE LEARNING: ENHANCING ACCESSSIBILITY AND EFFICIENCEY". Industrial Engineering Journal 53, n. 01 (2024): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/iej.2024.v53i1n01.099-103.

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This research paper aims to explore the integration of command-line interfaces (CLIs) in machine learning workflows to enhance accessibility, efficiency, and user experience. Traditional graphical user interfaces (GUIs) dominate the machine learning ecosystem, but CLIs offer unique advantages, particularly in resource – constrained environments and for automation purposes . The field of machine learning (ML) has witnessed rapid advancements, leading to the development of sophisticated models and algorithms. However, the accessibility and efficiency of employing these powerful tools remain significant challenges, especially for practitioners with diverse skill levels. This paper explores the role of command- line interfaces (CLIs) as a solution to address these challenges in the context of machine learning workflows. CLIs have a long-standing history in software development and system administration, providing a text-based interface for interacting with computer programs. In recent years, the integration of CLIs in the machine learning ecosystem has gained traction due to their ability to streamline and automate complex tasks This paper reviews the current landscape of ML CLIs, highlighting their advantages in terms of reproducibility , scalability and version control.
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SAHARA, GABBY FEBRYANTI, e MUZDALIFAH MUZDALIFAH. "ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN TAHUN ANGGARAN 2013-2017". JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, n. 3 (23 dicembre 2019): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v2i3.1207.

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The aim research (1) to know local financial performance with ratio of fiscal decentralization degree, local financial independent, effectiveness of PAD, local finance efficiencey and growth PAD regencies/municipalities in South Borneo province 2013-2017, (2) to know business sector which contributed in PDRB. Technical analysis data is descriptif analysis. The result research showed : by average fiscal decentralization degree ratio 9 regencies still very less and 4 regencies/cities less, 7 regencies low, average local financial independence 4 regencies still very low, 7 regencies low and 2 municipalities enough independence, average effectivene PAD ratio almost all of regencies/municipalities very effective except Banjarmasin municipality are effective, average local financial efficiency ratio 9 regencies/municipalities less effecient and 2 regencies enough efficient, while Banjarbaru municipalities inefficient, growth PAD ratio is positive. Keywords: fiscal decentralization degree ratio, local financial independence ratio, effectiveness of PAD ratio, local financial efficiency ratio, PAD growth ratio.
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Sholihah, Defita Faridlotus, Fronthea Swastawati, Eko Susanto, Putut Har Riyadi e Ima Wijayanti. "Macronutrient Analysis and In vivo Test in the Utilization of Barracuda Fish (Sphyraena barracuda) Asap Liquid as an Action to Meet Protein Needs". Asian Journal of Current Research 9, n. 2 (2 marzo 2024): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i28568.

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The smoking process has undergone significant development and liquid smoke has been widely used for the food industry as an ingredient that gives a distinctive aroma and flavor to food products. The purpose of this study was to determine the macronutrient quality of smoked fish and protein absorption in mice. Quality testing of barracuda smoked fish refers to SNI 2725: 2013. Test types include water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, pH, and Benzo[a]pyrene. In vivo analysis was conducted on mice to observe Protein Efficiencey Rate (PER), Net Protein Ratio (NPR), Total Protein Digestibility (TPD), Biological Value (BV), and Net Protein Utilization (NPU) values. Data were analysed with One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the use of liquid smoke at a concentration of 5% had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the test of moisture content of 55.2 ± 0.50, ash content of 4.28 ± 0.02, protein content of 35.47 ± 0.23, fat content of 4.55 ± 0.08, pH 6.77 ± 0.05 and benzo[a]pyrene < 0.02. The parameter results of TPD 78.21 ± 31.87, NPU 80.43 ± 3.75 in liquid smoked barracuda fish have higher values than traditional smoked barracuda fish, while PER 3.6 ± 4.06, NPR 4.06 ± 1.76 and BV 200 ± 4.24 have higher values in liquid smoked barracuda fish compared to traditional smoked barracuda fish. The addition of liquid smoke can to maintain product quality and improve the nutritional quality of protein because protein can be digested and absorbed by the body properly.
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Ueda, Tohru, e Kenichi Hoshino. "ESTIMATION OF FIRMS EFFICIENCIES USING A KALMAN FILTER AND STOCHASTIC EFFICIENCY MODEL". Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan 48, n. 4 (2005): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15807/jorsj.48.308.

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5

Cottrell, Terrance (Terry). "Interviewing efficiencies or interviewing efficiently?" Bottom Line 25, n. 3 (26 ottobre 2012): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08880451211276548.

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Singh, Arvind. "Influence of Site Fertility on N and P Resorption Efficiency in Native Tropical Tree Species Planted on Coal Mine Spoil". Indian Journal of Forestry 30, n. 1 (1 marzo 2007): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-4a00eg.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus resorption efficiency were studied along fertility gradient in eight native tropical tree species planted on coal mine spoil. The N and P resorption efficiencies decreased with increasing spoil fertility in all the tree species. The legumes and non-legumes potentially differed in terms of N and P resorption efficiently. The leguminous species had a higher efficiency for P resorption and a lower efficiency for N resorption than the non-leguminous species.
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Bisio, Giacomo, e Giuseppe Rubatto. "Comparing hydraulic and polytropic efficiencies with exergy efficiency". Exergy, An International Journal 1, n. 3 (gennaio 2001): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-0235(01)00025-5.

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Frantz, Roger, e Harinder Singh. "Intrafirm (In) Efficiencies: Neoclassical and X-Efficiency Perspectives". Journal of Economic Issues 22, n. 3 (settembre 1988): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1988.11504815.

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Nie, Pu-yan, Yong-cong Yang, You-hua Chen e Zhao-hui Wang. "How to subsidize energy efficiency under duopoly efficiently?" Applied Energy 175 (agosto 2016): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.105.

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10

Djoumessi, Yannick, Victor Afari-Sefa, Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem e Jean-Claude Bidogeza. "Socio-economic and institutional factors underlying efficiency of smallholder vegetable farms in Southwest region of Cameroon". International Journal of Social Economics 45, n. 1 (8 gennaio 2018): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2016-0256.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency of vegetable farmers within the tree-crop based rainforest agro-ecological zone in Southwest region of Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach The non-parametric data envelopment analysis method was used to evaluate technical and scale efficiencies while the Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting efficiency of vegetable production. Findings An econometric analysis result indicates that family size, education and extension service have significant impact on both technical and scale efficiencies, whereas credit service has significant impact on scale efficiency. Practical implications Future agricultural policies could include measures to improve the capacity of farmers to efficiently use existing resources. Social implications The study highlighted that encouraging more people to engage in farm labor and facilitating smallholder access to microcredit could render vegetable farmers more efficient. Originality/value In Cameroon, only a few studies have been conducted on technical efficiency. These encompass mainly cash and food crops. To the best of our knowledge, no single study has measured technical efficiency of vegetable farmers in forest-based farming of Cameroon.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Efficiencey"

1

Cook, Rickey A. "A crane and heavy equipment maintenance plan for improving safety and efficiencey". Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999cook.pdf.

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2

Bai, Guo. "Three Essays on Governance Designs in Digital Age". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLH011/document.

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Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'expliquer en quoi l’efficience statique (static efficiency), l’efficience de coordination (coordinative efficiency) et l’efficience créative (creative efficiency) jouent un rôle déterminant dans la conception de la gouvernance à l'ère numérique. Il s’agit également d’étudier des mécanismes originaux de gouvernance, au-delà de la traditionnelle dimension marché-hiérarchie, pouvant faciliter les processus de coordination intégrative (integrative coordination) ainsi que de création collective dans les organisations.La thèse comprend trois essais. Le premier est une contribution de nature théorique montrant que l’économie des coûts de transaction (Williamson 1979, 1991, 1996, 2002) ne permet pas de rendre compte de façon satisfaisante de la conception de la gouvernance à l’ère numérique. Le modèle conceptuel normatif proposé contribue à repenser celle-ci dans une perspective pluraliste intégrant complexité et variété. Les choix de gouvernance ne sont ainsi plus limités à la seule dimension marché-hiérarchie comme le laisse penser l’économie des coûts de transaction. Une perspective intégrant la construction sociale des modes d’organisation (Giddens, 1985; Greenwood et al. 2011) permet de définir une variété de formes de gouvernance. Il est possible de représenter, dans un espace à trois dimensions (efficience statique, efficience de coordination et efficience créative), les différentes configurations de gouvernance sous la forme d’un triangle. Cette représentation peut être appliquée afin de rendre compte des choix de gouvernance possibles à différents niveaux organisationnels.Les deux essais suivants sont à dominante empirique. Ils visent à prolonger le premier en étudiant le lien entre des configurations innovantes de gouvernance et la performance des organisations en matière d’efficacité de coordination et d’efficacité créative. Le deuxième essai se concentre sur la coordination d’intégration dans les organisations. Des structures organisationnelles distribuées à plusieurs couches ou layered distributed organizational structures (Simon, 1962), des plans définis ex ante de façon imprécise ou broad-brushed ex ante plans (Edmondson, Bohmer et Pisano, 2001), ainsi que des semi-structures (Brown et Eisenhardt, 1997) s’avèrent utiles au processus de coordination lorsque les interdépendances sont complexes et incertaines. Le troisième essai porte sur la performance des organisations en matière de créativité collective. Il s’intéresse notamment aux dispositifs organisationnels facilitant l’émergence d’une telle créativité tout en préservant stabilité et efficacité. Plusieurs formes de perturbation qualifiées d’ordonnées (ordered disruption), tant au niveau spatial (ordered spatial disruption) que temporel (ordered temporal disruption) et affectif (ordered affective disruption), contribuent à l'émergence de la créativité collective.Le matériel empirique utilisé dans les deuxième et troisième essais provient d’une étude des modes de gouvernance de différents projets de villes intelligentes (smart-cities) nécessitant une collaboration entre plusieurs organisations
The main objective of this dissertation is to explain why coordinative efficiency, creative efficiency, together with static efficiency are all critical goals of governance design in digital age, and to explore innovative governance arrangements, beyond the one-dimensional line defined by “market” and “hierarchy”, that can facilitate the processes of integrative coordination, and collective creation in organizations.The dissertation is composed of three essays. Essay 1 is a theory paper that provides the overall theoretical arguments about why transaction cost economics (Williamson 1979, 1991, 1996, 2002) is no longer a satisfactory theoretical framework for governance design in the digital age, and offers a normative model which suggest possibilities of much more nuanced, complicated and pluralistic governance choices than suggested by transaction cost economics. It is argued that potential governance choices are not solely situated on a one-dimensional line between hierarchy and market, as transaction cost economics asserts. The rich connotations of socially constructed agency (Giddens, 1985; Greenwood et al. 2011) provide diverse possibilities of governance arrangements, which spread across a triangular plane in a three-dimensional space defined by static efficiency, coordinative efficiency and creative efficiency (see Figure 1). This paper provides both graphic and mathematical presentations of this three-dimensional model for governance design, which can be applied to different levels of organizing.Essay 2 and 3 are two empirical papers that endeavor to extend Essay 1 by finding out the exact relationship between certain innovative governance arrangements with organizations’ performance in coordinative and creative efficiencies. Essay 2 focuses on the realization of integrative coordination in organizations. It found out that layered distributed organizational structure (Simon, 1962), broad-brushed ex ante plan (Edmondson, Bohmer and Pisano, 2001), and semi-structures (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1997) are beneficial in facilitating an ongoing coordination process when interdependencies are complex and uncertain. Essay 3 focuses on organizations’ performance in collective creativity (Shalley et al., 2004; George, 2007), especially on what governance arrangements can best allow collective creativity to emerge without overly sacrificing organizational stability and efficiency. It is discovered that “ordered disruption”, including ordered spatial disruption, ordered temporal disruption and ordered affective disruption, have positive effects on the emergence of collective creativity. Both Essay 2 and Essay 3 use collaborative organizations on smart city projects as the empirical setting. The findings of these two empirical papers are grounded on multiple case studies on those collaborative organizations
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Barnes, Kathryn M. "Solar thermophotovoltaic efficiency potentials : surpassing photovoltaic device efficiencies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74427.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).
Solar energy has gained more attention in recent years due to increased concerns about the continued use of fossil fuels. Solar energy is a form of renewable energy, and solar energy technology does not release greenhouse gases responsible for climate change. While photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight into electrical energy, are becoming more widely used, they are limited in their ability to convert sunlight into electricity. One of the limitations of PV energy generation is caused by the fact that only a limited portion of the energy spectrum of sunlight contributes to electricity generation. Solar thermophotovoltaics (TPV) aim to improve the efficiency with which sunlight can be converted to electrical energy by converting solar energy to thermal energy first before generating electrical energy with a PV cell. Instead of direct illumination by sunlight, the sunlight is absorbed by an intermediate material and then reemitted as a means of energy spectrum control, which in theory allows for more photons to generate useful electrical energy. The efficiency of solar TPV systems have been modeled. These models demonstrate that solar TPV devices have a higher potential efficiency than PV device counterparts. Yet, solar TPV devices are not yet suitable for any sustainable use, and there are many engineering challenges that need to be overcome in order to cross over from theory into practical use.
by Kathryn M. Barnes.
S.B.
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4

Damak, Helmi. "Analyse de la relation entre productivité, profitabilité et création de la valeur : le cas des banques tunisiennes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0246.

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Maintenir un accroissement soutenu de la valeur pour les actionnaires estaujourd'hui reconnu comme un des principaux objectifs stratégiques pour les institutions financières. Générer une croissance stable de la valeur pour les actionnaires nécessite une concentration intense sur une prestation de services de meilleure qualité aux clients, le recrutement, le maintien d'un effectif motivé, et l'entretien d'excellentes relations avec les différents partenaires de la firme bancaire.Cette thèse présente une évaluation analytique de la création de la valeur actionnariale dans le secteur bancaire. La première partie : Fournit un cadre pour l'analyse théorique de la valeur actionnariale en discutant comment la valeur actionnariale peut être définie, si elle peut être considérée comme un objectif valable et stratégique pour la banque, comment la valeur actionnariale peut être mesuré et comment elle peut être créé. La deuxième partie de la thèse présente des Investigations empiriques afin de mesurer la valeur actionnariale et certains de ses déterminants. La partie finale Analyses l'importance de Ces facteurs dans lacréation de valeur pour les actionnaires.L'échantillon utilisé comprend les dix banques tunisiennes cotées sur la bourse des valeurs mobilières de Tunisie entre 1995 et 2009. Nous utilisons un modèle de panel pour examiner les déterminants de la création de valeur pour les actionnaires (Mesuré par l'EVA et ses composante, c.-à-d. profits économiques et coût de capital) comme une fonction linéaire de variables spécifique aux banques et a l?industrie bancaire et des variables macro-économique. Nous trouvons que Divers facteurs semble être d'importants déterminants significatifs des profits économiques et de la valeur actionnariale créée par les banques. En cohérence avec la littérature antérieure, nous avons des efficiences coût et revenu qui sont liées positivement à la performance des banques: à savoir, les profits économiques ont eu un lien positif avec l'amélioration de l'efficience revenu, tandis que l'EVA est positivement liée a l'amélioration de l'efficience coût. Deuxièmement, nous trouvons une relation positive entre les pertes de crédit et la valeur actionnariale, ce qui explique que des pertes élevées inattendues impliquent un plus grand volume d'affaires et peut-être de moins bonne qualité du portefeuille de prêts. Troisièmement, nous avonsobservé un lien positif entre l'endettement bancaire et les profits économiques, mais non pas avec l'EVA. Cela est dû à la relation positive entre effet de levier financier et le coût du capital. Dans l'ensemble, plus le levier financier est important plus les profits économiques seront aussi importantes, mais cela est compensé par des coûts du capital plus élevés
Creating sustainable shareholder value is at this time accepted as one of the mostimportant strategic objectives for financial institutions. Generating stable shareholder value growth requires an intense focus on delivering benefits to customers in the most efficient way, hiring and retaining motivated personnel, maintaining excellent relationship with other firm stakeholders.This thesis provides an analytical assessment of shareholder value creation in banking. The first part of the text provides a framework for analysing shareholder value theory by discussing how shareholder value can be defined, if it can be considered a valid strategic objective for banks, how shareholder value can be measured and how it can be created.The second part of the text presents empirical investigations in order to measureshareholder value and some of it drivers. The final part analyses the importance of these drivers in creating shareholder value. In order to have a broad view of the sector, the sample analysed comprises commercial Tunisian banks listed on Tunisian stock exchange between 1995 and 2009. We use a panel model to examine the determinants of bank's shareholder value reaction (measured by EVA and its components) as a linear function of various bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic. We find that various factors are found to be statistically significantdeterminants of economic profits and shareholder value created by banks. Consistently with the previous literature, we find that cost and revenue efficiency are positively related to bank performance: namely, economic profits are found to have a positive link with revenue efficiency improvements, while EVA is positively related to cost efficiency improvements. Secondly, we find a positive relationship between credit losses and shareholder value providing evidence that higher unexpected losses imply larger business volume and perhaps lower loan portfolio quality. Thirdly, we observe a positive link between bank's leverage and economic profits, but not with EVA. This is due to the positive relationship between financial leverage and the cost of capital, overall, greater financial leverage increase economic profits but this is compensate by higher costs of capital
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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Huyen. "Mesurer la performance des universités au Vietnam en termes d’efficience : Une application de la méthode DEA". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G016/document.

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Avec l’apparition d’une économie basée sur les connaissances, le rôle de l’enseignement supérieur prend de plus en plus d’importance. Pour le Vietnam, ces dernières décennies ont été marquées par une explosion de la demande en études supérieures. Néanmoins, les lacunes actuelles des universités en matière de gestion et d’utilisation des ressources ont limité leur compétitivité, surtout à l’échelon régional et international. Un système de mesure de leur performance devient donc incontournable, plus précisément de l’efficience. Notre étude a pour objectif de construire ce système en utilisant trois techniques : l’analyse de sensibilité, l’approche DEA méta-frontière et les indices de Malmquist
With the emergence of a knowledge-based economy, the role of higher education is becoming increasingly important. For Vietnam, recent decades have seen an explosion in the demand for higher education. Nevertheless, the current deficiencies of universities in management and in using resources have limited their competitiveness, particularly at regional and international levels. A system of performance measurement becomes indispensable, especially the efficiency. Our study aims to build it, using three techniques: sensitivity analysis, DEA metafrontier and Malmquist index
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Kpondjo, Nadia. "Modélisation de la compétitivité industrielle". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100127.

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Cette thèse traite de la notion de compétitivité des unités industrielles par l’indicateur de l’efficience obtenu avec la méthode DEA. L’efficience des alumineries de l’industrie de l’aluminium primaire est analysée sur quatre années distinctes 2005, 2009, 2010 et 2012. Les résultats révèlent que ces unités sont globalement peu efficientes techniquement (inefficience de l’ordre de 1 à 5% selon la technologie utilisée et la région) ; leurs combinaisons productives semblent donc peu optimales. De plus, l’inefficience est davantage prononcée au niveau du coût et de l’allocation de leurs ressources en considérant les prix des inputs différents ou identiques d’une aluminerie à une autre. Tout ceci pourrait expliquer les fermetures enregistrées ces dernières années. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que l’inefficience technique était expliquée par l’impact des variables explicatives âge, taille et le taux de change. Au travers d’un modèle VECM linéaire nous avons montré qu’il existe une relation de long terme entre la performance financière des grands constructeurs automobiles et le prix de l’aluminium allié. Ce résultat étant l’indicatif de l’interdépendance entre ces deux industries
This thesis deals with the concept of competitiveness of industrial units by the efficiency indicator obtained by DEA approach. We use a cross section data over four different years around 2009. The results show that these units are generally technically inefficient (inefficiency of the order of 1 to 5% by technology and region); their productive combination thus seems less than optimal. In addition, the inefficiency is more pronounced in the cost and allocation of resources by considering the inputs prices of an aluminum smelter in another. All this may explain the closures of recent years. We analyze the assessment of how external factors such as exchange rate, vintage and scale affect the smelters efficiency. Through a linear VECM model we have shown a long-term relationship between the financial performance of major car manufacturers and the price of aluminum alloy. This result is indicative of the interdependence between the two industries
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Boitel, Guillaume. "Efficience énergétique et modifications du mouvement propulseur lors d’une tâche de locomotion aquatique d’intensité maximale et sous-maximale : le cas de la monopalme de surface". Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0001/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la relation entre l’efficience énergétique et les modifications du mouvement propulseur lors de tâches d’intensité maximale et sous-maximale. Une analyse descriptive de l’activité monopalme a été préalablement réalisée, permettant de caractériser le profil bioénergétique des monopalmeurs de haut niveau (Etude 1). Ce premier travail montre que l’amplitude des réponses cardiorespiratoires et métaboliques est significativement moins importante chez des monopalmeurs réalisant une épreuve maximale in situ comparativement à un exercice réalisé surergocycle. Ces différences d’adaptations physiologiques aigues à l’exercice maximal entre les deux épreuves suggèrent une influence de la position spécifique du corps et de la faible masse musculaire recrutée en monopalme.L’étude 2 s’est intéressée à l’influence de la fréquence d’ondulation (FO comme paramètre du mouvement) sur le coût énergétique (CE) et les réponses métaboliques au cours d’épreuves de nage de durée constante et d’intensité sous-maximale. Les résultats mettent en évidence que le choix d’une fréquence d’ondulation élevée (> FO librement choisie, FOLC) en comparaison à un intervalle de basses fréquences induit une optimisation du CE, pouvant se traduire par une réduction des résistances hydrodynamiques à l’avancement. L’étude 3 s’est intéressée à l’effet de la fréquence d’ondulation sur l’évolution des indicateurs de l’efficience énergétique (CE et composante lente de la consommation d’oxygène, VO2CL ) au cours d’un temps limite (Tlim) effectué à intensité maximale. La sélection d’une fréquence basse et élevée (exprimée en % de la FOLC) est associée à une altération du Tlim alors qu’une amélioration de la performance est observée lors de la condition FOLC. L’absence de différences significatives des valeurs de CE et de VO2CL entre les conditions suggère que la performance est plus dépendante de la manipulation du mouvement que des réponses physiologiques induites. Des études ultérieures sont nécessaires pour identifier les mécanismes internes et externes (e.g. activité musculaire et/ou contrôle moteur) qui peuvent potentiellement affecter laperformance en monopalme de surface
The purpose of the present work was to examine the relationship between the metabolic efficiency and the modifications of the propeller movement during various tasks conducted at maximal and submaximal intensities. A descriptive analysis of the monofin-swiming activity was firstly performed, allowing to characterize the physiological profile of high-level monofin-swimmers (Study 1). This first work shows that the amplitude of the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to maximal monofin-swimming is significantly less important than that induced during cycling test. These differences in acute physiological adaptations to maximal exercise between the maximal tests suggest an influence of the specific position ofthe body and the low muscular mass recruited in monofin. The goal of the study 2 was investigate the influence of the kick frequency (KF as movement parameter) on the energy cost (Ec) and the metabolic responses during submaximal swimming sessions of constant duration. The findings highlight that the choice of a high KF ( > freely chosen KF, FCKF) as compared to an interval of low KF, results in an optimization of Ec parameter, possibly by the reduction of active drag.The aim of the study 3 was to focus in the effect of the KF on the indicators of the metabolic efficiency (Ec and slow component of the oxygen consumption , VO2SC ) during a time limit (Tlim) conducted at maximal intensity. The selection of a low and high KF (expressed in % of the FCKF) is associated with an alteration of Tlim whereas an improvement of the performance is observed during the FCKF condition. The lack of significant differences of Ec and VO2SC between the conditions suggests that the performance is more dependent on the manipulation of the movement than induced physiological responses. Further studies are necessary to identify the internal and external mechanisms (e.g. muscular activity and/or motor control)
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Carrier, Annie. "Raisonnement clinique de l’ergothérapeute en milieu communautaire : rôle de la dimension institutionnelle des contextes sociétal et de pratique". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6829.

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Résumé : Le raisonnement clinique (RC) de l’ergothérapeute en milieu communautaire s’opère dans des contextes en constante évolution. Parmi ces contextes, la dimension institutionnelle (DI) comprend les aspects légaux et règlementaires, administratifs et organisationnels, dont le processus d’optimisation de la performance. Ce processus vise à accroître l’efficience des services ergothérapiques de soutien à domicile (SAD) offerts par les Centres de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS). Or, les aspects précis de la DI, incluant l’optimisation de la performance, impliqués dans le RC et leur rôle exact dans le choix des interventions ergothérapiques sont peu connus. Cette étude visait à : (1) décrire le RC des ergothérapeutes en milieu communautaire, (2) décrire les aspects de la DI impliqués dans leur RC, et (3) explorer comment la reddition de compte et l’optimisation de la performance y sont impliqués. Une ethnographie institutionnelle (EI) a été réalisée auprès de dix ergothérapeutes recrutés dans trois CSSS québécois. Des observations et des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été conduits avec ces ergothérapeutes et 12 informateurs-clés secondaires (collègues et gestionnaires). Les documents accessibles et utilisés par ces ergothérapeutes ont également été collectés. Toutes les données ont été analysées et interprétées à l’aide du processus analytique de l’EI. Les résultats montrent d’abord que le RC des ergothérapeutes prend en considération 13 aspects de la DI. Ces aspects modulent comment les ergothérapeutes formulent le problème, envisagent les solutions et prennent les décisions (obj. 1). Ensuite, le RC des ergothérapeutes considère quasi constamment trois aspects administratifs et deux organisationnels de la DI (obj. 2). Les aspects administratifs sont : les procédures institutionnelles; l’offre de services de l’établissement; et la continuité de services. Les aspects organisationnels sont : les interventions attendues de l’ergothérapeute (mandat) et les délais d’accès aux services. Enfin, le RC des ergothérapeutes inclut une préoccupation constante quant à leur performance (obj. 3) qui restreint le temps et le suivi alloués à chaque client. Leurs évaluations et leurs interventions se limitent souvent au seul motif de référence, généralement l’autonomie dans les soins personnels et la mobilité, sauf si la sécurité du client est menacée. Cette étude offre une compréhension approfondie du rôle de la DI et, spécifiquement, du processus d’optimisation de la performance, dans le RC des ergothérapeutes en milieu communautaire. La préoccupation de la performance implique une réduction de l’étendue de l’action des ergothérapeutes. Ainsi, l’exercice de leur autonomie professionnelle, le droit d’accès aux services des clients et l’atteinte des objectifs du système de santé sont compromis.
Abstract : Community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning (CR) takes place in constantly evolving contexts. The institutional dimension (ID) of these contexts includes legal and regulatory, administrative and organizational elements, including performance optimization processes. Such processes aim at increasing the efficiency of Health and Social Services Centers (HSSC) homecare occupational therapy services. However, the particular elements of ID involved in CR, including performance optimization, and how they are involved in the choice of occupational therapy interventions, remain unknown. This study aimed to: (1) describe the CR of community occupational therapists; (2) describe the elements of the ID involved; and (3) explore how accountability processes and performance optimization are involved. An institutional ethnography (IE) inquiry was conducted with ten occupational therapists in three Health and Social Services Centres (HSSCs) in Québec. Observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with these occupational therapists and 12 secondary key informants (colleagues and managers). Documents accessible to and used by occupational therapists were also collected and analyzed with a data extraction grid. All data were analyzed and interpreted using the IE process. The findings revealed that the CR of community occupational therapists considers 13 elements of the ID. These elements modulate how occupational therapists formulate the problem, consider the solutions and make decisions (obj. 1). Second, the CR of participants almost constantly involves three administrative and two organizational elements of the ID (obj. 2). Administrative elements include: institutional procedures, the HSSC’s services offer, and the continuity of services. Organizational elements include: the expected response of the occupational therapist (mandate) and delays in access to services. Third, the occupational therapists’ CR includes a constant preoccupation about their performance (obj. 3), which restricts the time and follow-up allocated to each client. The clinicians’ assessments and their interventions are often limited to the object of referral, which is usually about autonomy in personal care and mobility, unless the client’s safety is threatened. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of ID and, specifically, the performance optimization process, in the CR of community occupational therapists. The performance preoccupation is associated with a reduction in occupational therapists’ range of actions. Therefore, their capacity to be truly autonomous, the clients’ access to services as well as the fulfilment of the healthcare system’s objectives are compromised.
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Ndegue, Fongue Moïse Kouakou. "Efficience technique et efficience environnementale en agriculture". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28398/28398.pdf.

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Malgré l’imposition de diverses normes environnementales strictes au Québec, la pollution agricole, et plus spécifiquement la qualité de l’eau, demeurent problématiques dans la région de Chaudière-Appalaches. Cette région est intensive en productions animale et végétale ce qui entraîne des surplus de phosphore, d’azote et de sédiments. L’objectif que nous poursuivons à travers cette étude est d’évaluer l’efficience technique et l'efficience environnementale des producteurs agricoles du bassin de la rivière Chaudière localisé au Sud de la ville de Québec. De plus, nous évaluons le degré de corrélation existant entre les deux mesures d’efficience. Nous analysons les liens entre les mesures d’efficience et les caractéristiques des fermes et des opérateurs. Nous adoptons une approche stochastique paramétrique appliquée aux fonctions de distance pour analyser les efficiences techniques et environnementales des exploitations agricoles. Les données utilisées ont été collectées en 2005 et portent sur 210 fermes agricoles. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’il existe une forte corrélation entre les deux efficiences. De plus, comme le montrent d’autres études, la performance environnementale entraîne des coûts additionnels au niveau des exploitations agricoles.
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Sultana, Frédéric. "Effet du vieillissement sur les facteurs de la performance en triathlon". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912327.

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Ce travail de thèse s'organise en trois parties l'observation de l'effet de l'avancée dans l'âge sur la performance entriathlon, l'étude du modèle du Master triathlète (i.e. > 40 ans) à travers les facteurs de la performance et la mesurede l'impact du vieillissement sur le rendement énergétique du pédalage. Le recrutement de Masters triathlètesentraînés a permis d'étudier rigoureusement l'impact du vieillissement sur les fonctions physiologiques impliquéesdans la performance, tout en contrôlant les effets supplémentaires liés à l'adoption d'un mode de vie sédentaire. Surune épreuve de triathlon et pour chaque mode de locomotion, le déclin de la performance a une forme exponentielle.Un déclin significatif sur triathlon distance olympique a été observé sur la performance totale à partir de 45 ans chezles Masters triathlètes hommes. Il est plus précoce chez les femmes. Il est plus prononcé sur Ironman que surdistance olympique. Comparé aux autres modes de locomotion, un moindre déclin des performances en cyclisme estobservé. Avant et après un triathlon distance olympique, VO 2max, vVO2max, les vitesses aux seuils ventilatoires etl'efficience énergétique étaient significativement plus faibles chez les Masters triathlètes, mais le couple maximalvolontaire était similaire pour les deux groupes. 24 heures après la course, une diminution significative et similairepour les deux groupes a été observée pour VO 2max et vVO2max. Il n'a pas été observé de différence sur le couplemaximal isométrique ou sur l'efficience énergétique de la course à pied en sous maximal. Lors de l'épreuve detriathlon, il n'a pas été observé de différence d'intensité relative d'effort entre les deux groupes. Ces résultatsindiquent que chez les sujets bien entraînés, l'intensité relative de l'effort sur l'ensemble d'un triathlon distanceolympique et la fatigue 24 heures après la course semblent indépendant de l'âge. La dernière partie du travailexpérimental consistait à mesurer l'impact du vieillissement sur le rendement énergétique du pédalage au sein d'unepopulation de cyclistes et triathlètes tous bien entraînés sur une large tranche d'âge. Un déclin significatif a étécaractérisé. Les hypothèses explicatives sont multifactorielles. Une relation entre l'efficience énergétique et laréduction de puissance ou la modification de la composition corporelle avec l'âge a été établie. D'autres hypothèsessont évoquées comme le remodelage du schéma d'activation musculaire et l'expertise du pédalage, les propriétésmécaniques du muscle ou la part du coût énergétique de la ventilation.
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Libri sul tema "Efficiencey"

1

Northwest Power Planning Council (U.S.). Acquiring energy efficiency more efficiently. Portland, Or: Northwest Power Planning Council, 1993.

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Northwest Power Planning Council (U.S.). Acquiring energy efficiency more efficiently. Portland, Or: Northwest Power Planning Council, 1993.

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Corrado, Robby. IE+D leverages lean principles to differentiate engineering services. Norwich, N.Y.]: Knovel, 2011.

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Project, Nuffield Working with Science. Efficiency. York: Published for the Nuffield-Chelsea Curriculum Trust by Longman Resources Unit, 1986.

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Button, K. J. X-efficiency and technical efficiency. Loughborough: Loughborough University of Technology, Department of Economics, 1992.

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Button, K. J. X-efficiency and technical efficiency. Loughborough: Department of Economics, Loughborough University of Technology, 1992.

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1971-, Fernández José, e University of Kent at Canterbury. Personal Social Services Research Unit., a cura di. Equity and efficiency policy in community care: Needs, service productivities, efficiencies, and their implications. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000.

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Rao, V. M. Efficiency & governance. Jaipur: ADB Publishers, 2007.

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Office, Energy Efficiency. Energy efficiency. London: Dept. of the Environment, 2002.

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Lenoir, Virgil Cristian. Ethical Efficiency. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119268604.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Efficiencey"

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Introduction". In Energy Efficiency, 1–9. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_1.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Energy-Efficient Technologies". In Energy Efficiency, 113–26. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_10.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Energy-Efficient Urban Transport". In Energy Efficiency, 127–39. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_11.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Case Studies". In Energy Efficiency, 141–74. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_12.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Conclusions and Further Studies". In Energy Efficiency, 175–77. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_13.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Erratum to: Energy Efficiency". In Energy Efficiency, E1. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_14.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Energy Efficiency Becomes First Fuel". In Energy Efficiency, 11–18. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_2.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Energy Efficiency Becomes First Tool for Climate Change Mitigation". In Energy Efficiency, 19–32. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_3.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Market Barriers to Energy Efficiency". In Energy Efficiency, 33–42. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_4.

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Yang, Ming, e Xin Yu. "Overall Methodology in This Study". In Energy Efficiency, 43–48. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6666-5_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Efficiencey"

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Korent, Dina, Anamarija Ratković e Marijana Bubanić. "Efficiency in the Market Structure of the Banking Sector in Croatia". In 7th International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2023.165.

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The purpose of this paper was to determine the market structure of the banking sector in Croatia and the characteristics of its technical efficien­cy for the period from 2009 to 2022 by applying descriptive statistics and data envelopment analysis (DEA). It was determined that the banking sector in Cro­atia is characterized by a relatively high and persistent technical efficiency of an oligopolistic market structure with a trend of growing consolidation. On average, managers use resources efficiently and are successful in exploiting economies of scale, with scale efficiency surpassing pure technical efficiency. The aforementioned efficiencies generally grow and are achieved more fre­quently with the increase in the size of banks, i.e., credit institutions The re­sults imply that small banks could increase efficiency by more rational use of inputs, and, assuming growing returns to scale, by exploiting economies of scale through internal growth or further sector consolidation
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Hinzer, Karin. "High Efficiency Photovoltaics: Ways to Push the Efficiencies Further". In Optics for Solar Energy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ose.2018.ow5c.5.

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Paton, Lisa. "Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency". In Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825295.

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Paton, Lisa. "Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency". In Monitoring DUNE Data Streaming Efficiency. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825295.

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Vestrelli, Francesco, Roberto Monforte e Di Sciullo Fausto. "Secondary Cooling Circuit for Turbocharged Engines: Estimation of the Fuel Consumption Reduction in Real use According to the LCCP Method". In Thermal System Efficiencies Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3066.

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Gullberg, Peter, Lennart Löfdahl, Steven Adelman e Peter Nilsson. "An Investigation and Correction Method of Stationary Fan CFD MRF Simulations". In Thermal System Efficiencies Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3067.

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Reister, Heinrich, Thomas Binner, Joshua Enriquez-Geppert e Robert Goldschmidt. "Numerical Simulation of the Flow through an Alternator inside an Engine Compartment of a Passenger Car". In Thermal System Efficiencies Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3068.

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Payne, Josh, Mark Niedzwiecki, Satish Ketkar e Igor Isayev. "Thermal Characterization & amp; Management of PHEV Battery Packs". In Thermal System Efficiencies Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3069.

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Jugert, R., K. Martin, Th Mönkediek e R. Rieberer. "Influences of Non-Uniform Airflow on the Performance of a R134a Mobile Air Conditioning System". In Thermal System Efficiencies Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3070.

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Serdarusic, Ivan, Norbert-William Sucke e Torsten Adloff. "Controlled Gas Plasma Deposition for Functionalized Semi-finished Aluminium Products". In Thermal System Efficiencies Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3071.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Efficiencey"

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Glick, Mark, Gabriel A. Lozada, Pavitra Govindan e Darren Bush. The Horizontal Merger Efficiency Fallacy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp212.

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The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Merger Guidelines (the “Merger Guidelines”), including the much improved latest revision in 2023 (the “New Merger Guidelines”), have continued to perpetrate what we call in this paper the horizontal merger efficiency fallacy. The fallacy arises because in the Guidelines the term “efficiencies” has become unmoored from its foundations in economic theory and has been reduced to the business school construct of cost savings. We show that cost savings can only be considered universally socially beneficial by acceptance of what is termed “the Consumer Welfare Standard” (antitrust) or “the surplus theory of welfare” (economics), a theory that has been discredited and abandoned by welfare economists. In economic theory, efficiency means Pareto Efficiency. We explore the various attempts to tether the cost savings definition of efficiency to Pareto Efficiency and explain why these attempts have failed. We conclude that there is no sound way to theoretically reconcile cost savings with the economic meaning of efficiencies. We then move beyond the efficiency fallacy and show how modern welfare economics can be used to integrate Congressional antitrust goals into the New Merger Guidelines. This requires abandoning the unsupported “standard deduction” for efficiencies and replacing it with an evidence-based assessment of how a specific merger under review potentially impacts Congressional antitrust goals. This change renders the present efficiency rebuttal section of the New Merger Guidelines superfluous, and we provide specific reasons why this section as currently drafted is flawed and should be jettisoned.
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Arias, Karla, Segundo Camino-Mogro, Mariana Weiss, David Matías, Yuri Daltro, Franco Carvajal e Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. Measuring the Efficiency in Energy Distribution Firms in LAC: A Service Provision and Financial Performance Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004547.

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This study identifies and analyzes the evolution of efficiency in providing services and in the financial performance of the LAC electricity distribution companies between 2014-2020. In addition, it examines firms characteristics that might be related to efficiencies, such as quality of service, corporate governance, firm size, and ownership. This paper uses a twostep procedure. First, it considers the efficiency levels and the total factor productivity (TFP) changes using the Malmquist index and breaks down the total change by relying on a nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The second stage focuses on the drivers of efficiency obtained in the first stage using the Tobit technique. The main results suggest that there is no significant improvement in the levels of efficiency in the period analyzed in the energy distribution firms in LAC. When analyzing the heterogeneity of a company's efficiency, the evidence shows a relation between companies efficiency and the quality perceived by users, higher efficiency is related to better-perceived quality. Besides, companies characteristics, such as firm size, corporate governance, and ownership, are related to the heterogeneity of efficiency.
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Badrinarayanan e Olsen. PR-179-11201-R01 Performance Evaluation of Multiple Oxidation Catalysts on a Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010772.

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Two-way catalysts or oxidation catalysts are the common after-treatment systems used on lean burn natural gas engines to reduce CO, VOCs and formaldehyde emissions. The study evaluates the performance of oxidation catalysts from commercial vendors for varying catalyst temperature and space velocity. For this study, a part of the exhaust from a Waukesha VGF-18 GL lean burn natural gas engine was flowed through a catalyst slipstream system to assess the performance of the oxidation catalysts. The slipstream is used to reduce the size of the catalysts and to allow precise control of temperature and space velocity. Analyzers used include Rosemount 5-gas emissions bench, Nicolet Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrometer and HP 5890 Series II Gas Chromatograph. The oxidation catalysts were degreened at 1200oF (650oC) for 24 hours prior to performance testing. The reduction efficencies for the emission species varied among the oxidation catalysts tested from different vendors. Most oxidation catalysts showed over 90% maximum reduction efficiencies on CO, VOCs and formaldehyde. VOC reduction efficiency was limited by poor propane emission reduction efficiency at the catalyst temperatures tested. Saturated hydrocarbons such as propane showed low reduction efficiencies on all oxidation catalysts due to high activation energy. Variation in space velocity showed very little effect on the conversion efficiencies. Most species showed over 90% conversion efficiency during the space velocity sweep. Adding more catalyst volume may not increase the reduction efficiency of emission species. Varying cell density showed very little effect on performance of the oxidation catalysts. The friction factor correlation showed the friction factor for flow through a single channel is inversely proportional to cell density.
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Rosas, Ramón, e Arturo Pedraza. Evaluation of Water Pumping Systems: Calculation Sheet. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009000.

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As part of its Technical Cooperation "Energy Efficiency for Caribbean Water and Sanitation Companies", the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Initiative (SECCI) of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) financed the development of a regional methodology to improve energy efficiency and maintenance of water companies in Latin American and Caribbean countries. This methodology, developed by the consulting firms Econoler International and Alliance to Save Energy, focuses mainly on electromechanical efficiencies of water pumping systems in the Caribbean. This publication presents the calculation sheet. The a guide to the calculation sheet, an energy efficiency assessment manual, and a maintenance manual for the evaluation of the systems are also available on the IDB Publications Portal.
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Pedraza, Arturo, Paola Méndez e Rodrigo Riquelme. Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities: The Case of Guyana. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009315.

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Energy consumption in the water sector is extremely important. Energy is needed throughout the entire process of drinking water generation and treatment. Estimates indicate that electricity expenses may represent as much as 40% of the total operating costs of a water and sanitation (W&S) utility. Conversely, energy consumption of W&S utilities often represent animportant proportion of the total electricity generated in a country. Yet, energy consumed by W&S utilities is not always used efficiently. This technical note aims to highlight how water and sanitation utilities can increase their energy efficiency, reducing operational costs and impacting positively the overall operational efficiency of W&S utilities. To illustrate this, the technical note takes as an example a pilot project carried out in the Guyana Water and Sanitation Utility - Guyana Water Incorporated (GWI).
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Keay, Malcolm. Energy Efficiency. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, dicembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781907555404.

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Martinez, Melissa. Lab Basics: Semi-Automated Slice Lab. ConductScience, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220705.

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Brain tissue slices are used to study synaptic function in the brain. Brain slice chambers maintain the slices for experimental examination, allowing investigation into cellular responses, making them suitable for electrophysiological and metabolic measurements. Interface and submerged chambers are common types, differing in how oxygen is supplied to the slice. Semi-automated slice workstations efficiently assess brain tissue slices, supporting multiple slices simultaneously. These workstations include cameras, monitors, and processors to observe tissues effectively. They save time, enhance efficiency, and offer adjustable magnification for focused observations. Semi-automated labs are practical tools for investigating brain tissues in various chamber types.
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Li, Michael, e Joe Bryson. Energy Efficiency Collaboratives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331041.

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Dahlke, Garland R. Feed Efficiency Calculator. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1267.

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Morrissey, M. F. Late Washing efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6678480.

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