Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships":
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Rendon, Paula, Bastian Steinhoff-Knopp, Philipp Saggau e Benjamin Burkhard. "Assessment of the relationships between agroecosystem condition and the ecosystem service soil erosion regulation in Northern Germany". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2020): e0234288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234288.
Abstract (sommario):
Ecosystems provide multiple services that are necessary to maintain human life. Agroecosystems are very productive suppliers of biomass-related provisioning ecosystem services, e.g. food, fibre, and energy. At the same time, they are highly dependent on good ecosystem condition and regulating ecosystem services such as soil fertility, water supply or soil erosion regulation. Assessments of this interplay of ecosystem condition and services are needed to understand the relationships in highly managed systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: First, to test the concept and indicators proposed by the European Union Working Group on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) for assessing agroecosystem condition at a regional level. Second, to identify the relationships between ecosystem condition and the delivery of ecosystem services. For this purpose, we applied an operational framework for integrated mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services. We used the proposed indicators to assess the condition of agroecosystems in Northern Germany and regulating ecosystem service control of erosion rates. We used existing data from official databases to calculate the different indicators and created maps of environmental pressures, ecosystem condition and ecosystem service indicators for the Federal State of Lower Saxony. Furthermore, we identified areas within the state where pressures are high, conditions are unfavourable, and more sustainable management practices are needed. Despite the limitations of the indicators and data availability, our results show positive, negative, and no significant correlations between the different pressures and condition indicators, and the control of erosion rates. The idea behind the MAES framework is to indicate the general condition of an ecosystem. However, we observed that not all proposed indicators can explain to what extent ecosystems can provide specific ecosystem services. Further research on other ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems would help to identify synergies and trade-offs. Moreover, the definition of a reference condition, although complicated for anthropogenically highly modified agroecosystems, would provide a benchmark to compare information on the condition of the ecosystems, leading to better land use policy and management decisions.
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Bennett, Elena M., Garry D. Peterson e Line J. Gordon. "Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services". Ecology Letters 12, n. 12 (21 ottobre 2009): 1394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01387.x.
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Comberti, C., T. F. Thornton, V. Wyllie de Echeverria e T. Patterson. "Ecosystem services or services to ecosystems? Valuing cultivation and reciprocal relationships between humans and ecosystems". Global Environmental Change 34 (settembre 2015): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.07.007.
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Eamus, Derek, Catriona M. O. Macinnis-Ng, Grant C. Hose, Melanie J. B. Zeppel, Daniel T. Taylor e Brad R. Murray. "Ecosystem services: an ecophysiological examination". Australian Journal of Botany 53, n. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04119.
Abstract (sommario):
This review aims to discuss ecosystem services, provide illustrative case studies at catchment and local scales and present future research needs. This review discusses the following: (1) Ecosystem services (ES) are those goods and services that are provided by or are attributes of ecosystems that benefit humans. Examples of ES include the timber derived from a forest, the prevention of soil and coastal erosion by vegetation and the amelioration of dryland salinity through prevention of rises in the water table by trees. The provision of ES globally is in decline because of a lack of awareness of the total economic value of ES in the public, policy and political fora. (2) Providing a scientific understanding of the relationships among ecosystem structure, function and provision of ES, plus determining actual economic value of ES, are the central challenges to environmental scientists (including triple-bottom-line economists). (3) Some ES are widely dispersed throughout many different ecosystems. Carbon accumulation in trees and the contribution of biodiversity to ES provision are two examples of highly dispersed attributes common to many ecosystems. In contrast, other ES are best considered within the context of a single defined ecosystem (although they may occur in other ecosystems too). Mangroves as ‘nursery’ sites for juvenile fish is one example. (4) Examples of catchment-scale and local-scale provision of ES are discussed, along with future research issues for the nexus between ES and environmental sciences.
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Li, Boyan, Wei Wang e Yunchen Wang. "Identifying the relationships among multiple ecosystem services". Journal of Arid Environments 183 (dicembre 2020): 104265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104265.
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Renard, Delphine, Jeanine M. Rhemtulla e Elena M. Bennett. "Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, n. 43 (12 ottobre 2015): 13411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502565112.
Abstract (sommario):
Managing multiple ecosystem services (ES), including addressing trade-offs between services and preventing ecological surprises, is among the most pressing areas for sustainability research. These challenges require ES research to go beyond the currently common approach of snapshot studies limited to one or two services at a single point in time. We used a spatiotemporal approach to examine changes in nine ES and their relationships from 1971 to 2006 across 131 municipalities in a mixed-use landscape in Quebec, Canada. We show how an approach that incorporates time and space can improve our understanding of ES dynamics. We found an increase in the provision of most services through time; however, provision of ES was not uniformly enhanced at all locations. Instead, each municipality specialized in providing a bundle (set of positively correlated ES) dominated by just a few services. The trajectory of bundle formation was related to changes in agricultural policy and global trends; local biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics explained the bundles’ increasing spatial clustering. Relationships between services varied through time, with some provisioning and cultural services shifting from a trade-off or no relationship in 1971 to an apparent synergistic relationship by 2006. By implementing a spatiotemporal perspective on multiple services, we provide clear evidence of the dynamic nature of ES interactions and contribute to identifying processes and drivers behind these changing relationships. Our study raises questions about using snapshots of ES provision at a single point in time to build our understanding of ES relationships in complex and dynamic social-ecological systems.
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Paul, Carola, Nick Hanley, Sebastian T. Meyer, Christine Fürst, Wolfgang W. Weisser e Thomas Knoke. "On the functional relationship between biodiversity and economic value". Science Advances 6, n. 5 (gennaio 2020): eaax7712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax7712.
Abstract (sommario):
Biodiversity’s contribution to human welfare has become a key argument for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity in managed ecosystems. The functional relationship between biodiversity (b) and economic value (V) is, however, insufficiently understood, despite the premise of a positive-concave bV relationship that dominates scientific and political arenas. Here, we review how individual links between biodiversity, ecosystem functions (F), and services affect resulting bV relationships. Our findings show that bV relationships are more variable, also taking negative-concave/convex or strictly concave and convex forms. This functional form is driven not only by the underlying bF relationship but also by the number and type of ecosystem services and their potential trade-offs considered, the effects of inputs, and the type of utility function used to represent human preferences. Explicitly accounting for these aspects will enhance the substance and coverage of future valuation studies and allow more nuanced conclusions, particularly for managed ecosystems.
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Zhang, Yunlu, Tingting Su, Yue Ma, Yanyinuo Wang, Weiqi Wang, Niyi Zha e Ming Shao. "Forest ecosystem service functions and their associations with landscape patterns in Renqiu City". PLOS ONE 17, n. 4 (6 aprile 2022): e0265015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265015.
Abstract (sommario):
Forest ecosystems are crucial to the survival and development of human societies. Urbanization is expected to impact forest landscape patterns and consequently the supply of forest ecosystem services. However, the specific ways by which such impacts manifest are unclear. Therefore, to discuss the relationship between them is of great significance for realizing regional sustainable development. Here, we quantitatively assess the intensity of forest ecosystem service functions and forest landscape patterns in Renqiu City of China’s Hebei Province in 2019 using ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS. We characterize the relationships between forest ecosystem service capacity and landscape patterns, and identify strategies for the spatial optimization of forests. We find that the ecosystem service intensity of forests are significantly correlated with their spatial distribution, forest area ratio, and landscape patterns. Specifically, the percentage of landscape (PLAND) index, landscape shape index (LSI), and contagion (CONTAG) index indices display second-order polynomial relationships with various forest ecosystem service functions, with critical values of 80, 5, and 70, respectively. We propose that forest ecosystem functions can be optimized by optimizing forest landscape patterns. Specifically, to maximize the function of forest ecosystem services, managers should consider the integrity of forest ecosystems, optimize their ability to self-succession, repair service functions of key nodes within forests, enhance forests’ structural stability, optimize forest quality and community structure, and strengthen the efficiency of functional transformation per unit area. Finally, we propose a strategy for the spatial optimization of forests in Renqiu to optimize their associated ecosystem services. This involves protecting important areas for forest ecosystems, rationally organizing different ecological patches such as forests and water bodies to maximize their functions, strengthening the connectivity of scattered forests, and supplementing woodland areas.
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I. Igu, Nwabueze,, Chinero, N. Ayogu e Peter, I. Eburu. "Ecosystem Service Potentials and Underlying Influences in a Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem". Sustainability in Environment 8, n. 3 (9 giugno 2023): p20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v8n3p20.
Abstract (sommario):
Tropical ecosystems have vast array of ecosystem services but are largely un-quantified. This study explored the capacity of rainforest ecosystems to deliver ecosystem services and inherent influences that determine such. Forest plots measuring 50m × 50m were set up in 14 locations and used for tree enumeration. Soil samples were collected at four edges and middle of each plot at 0-30cm depth, bulked and analyzed. Aboveground, belowground and soil carbon, and biodiversity variables were equally conducted according to standard procedures. Pearson correlation and regression were used to verify aboveground and belowground carbon relationships and relationships between elevation and carbon capacities, respectively. 85 species within 32 families were enumerated across the ecosystem. Biodiversity patterns showed a diversity index of 3.376, relative dominance of Dialium guineense Willd., (54.34%) and seven other species with ? 1% dominance. Species within the ecosystem possessed provisioning and regulating ecosystem values. Carbon estimates showed aboveground biomass range of 1.73 – 6.50 t/ha-1, percentage soil carbon and soil organic carbon ranges of 4.76 – 8.80% and 17.78 – 91.3 t/ha-1, respectively. Elevation did not generally influence the carbon stock of the ecosystem, but had some influence on percentage soil carbon. Effective strategies that would address the reductions in the services were advocated.
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Thrush, Simon F., Judi E. Hewitt, Casper Kraan, A. M. Lohrer, Conrad A. Pilditch e Emily Douglas. "Changes in the location of biodiversity–ecosystem function hot spots across the seafloor landscape with increasing sediment nutrient loading". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, n. 1852 (12 aprile 2017): 20162861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2861.
Abstract (sommario):
Declining biodiversity and loss of ecosystem function threatens the ability of habitats to contribute ecosystem services. However, the form of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) and how relationships change with environmental change is poorly understood. This limits our ability to predict the consequences of biodiversity loss on ecosystem function, particularly in real-world marine ecosystems that are species rich, and where multiple ecosystem functions are represented by multiple indicators. We investigated spatial variation in BEF relationships across a 300 000 m 2 intertidal sandflat by nesting experimental manipulations of sediment pore water nitrogen concentration into sites with contrasting macrobenthic community composition. Our results highlight the significance of many different elements of biodiversity associated with environmental characteristics, community structure, functional diversity, ecological traits or particular species (ecosystem engineers) to important functions of coastal marine sediments (benthic oxygen consumption, ammonium pore water concentrations and flux across the sediment–water interface). Using the BEF relationships developed from our experiment, we demonstrate patchiness across a landscape in functional performance and the potential for changes in the location of functional hot and cold spots with increasing nutrient loading that have important implications for mapping and predicating change in functionality and the concomitant delivery of ecosystem services.
Tesi sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships":
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Singh, Satnarain. "Biodiversity-Ecosystem Services Relationships within the Biosphere Integrity Planetary Boundary". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182773.
Abstract (sommario):
The biosphere integrity boundary of the Planetary Boundaries Framework seeks to highlight biodiversity loss and its effect on humanity's 'safe operating space'. Biodiversity plays a critical role in sustaining ecosystem function and by extension, the ecosystem services on which human wellbeing depends. As currently conceptualized, biodiversity and the provisioning and regulating ecosystem services with which it is associated, is not adequately captured in the boundary. Literature searches for data-synthesis were carried out to identify and assess the balance of evidence for the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services. The change in global ecosystem service trends over time were assessed along with the interactions between ecosystem services. Twelve provisioning and 9 regulating ecosystem services associated with biodiversity were identified in the literature. Biocontrol and carbon sequestration were the most studied services. The Fischer exact test showed that there was a significant difference between the extent to which provisioning versus regulating ecosystem services are studied. Mann-Whitney U tests showed non-significant relationships between provisioning services and regulating services for trend and effect size data. All provisioning services showed increasing trends over time. The results for regulating services were mixed. Of the 115 ecosystem service interactions assessed, 66 were trade-offs and 49 were synergies. Crop yield and climate-related ESS (carbon sequestration and carbon storage) represented almost one-third of these interactions (n = 22) while crop yield and erosion control represented over a quarter (n = 19). These interactions alone accounted for 36% of the total interactions. This paper provides an initial database which could be refined and expanded. It also demonstrates a comprehensive approach to assessing biodiversity ecosystem service relationships, providing a tangible approach to assessing a safe operating space for humanity. Further, it provides a platform for future research on biodiversity-ecosystem services human well-being links, which will provide better insights to policymakers, managers and practitioners.The presentation was done via Zoom during Covid 19 when Stockholm University was closed.
2
Zhao, Chang. "Quantifying and mapping the supply of and demand for urban ecosystem services". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6350.
Abstract (sommario):
The ecosystem services (ES) concept is meant to facilitate consideration of the value of nature in conservation and landscape management processes by translating ecosystem functions into human benefits. Incorporating the ES concept into policy and decision-making has proven difficult due to challenges in identifying, measuring, and locating services and in predicting the impacts of decisions upon them. ES mapping offers a key solution to increase our understanding of the spatial patterns of ES supply and demand and the spatial relationships between them, but may be challenging to implement given a lack of spatial data related to ES or existence of such data at coarse resolution that may not facilitate accurate ES quantification, mapping and modeling. This issue is particularly acute in urban settings where landscapes are highly heterogeneous and fragmented. This research seeks to improve our understanding of urban ES supply, demand and the relationships between them, as well as the impacts of spatial scale, input data quality and method choice on ES mapping in urban landscapes. The dissertation is composed of three studies. In the first study, I introduce a spatially-explicit framework for quantifying and mapping ES supply and demand using carbon storage and sequestration services as an example. This framework assesses supply based on biophysical conditions and demand based on socioeconomic characteristics, allowing for more integrative ES assessments in urban areas. In the second study, I evaluate the sensitivity of ES maps to input spatial data resolution and method choice (ecosystem component-based and land-cover proxy-based methods) in a heterogeneous urban landscape using biomass carbon storage as an example. I find that ES map accuracy is highly dependent on analytical scales and input data representativeness. ES estimates based on ecosystem-component data are more accurate than those based on land-cover proxies. The accuracy of land-cover proxy-based maps, however, can be increased by using high-resolution land-cover maps. The third study aims to increase understanding of ES supply, demand, and supply-demand balance in urban contexts. To this end, I create a high-thematic-resolution land-cover dataset and combine it with the InVEST pollination model to assess the capacity of urban ecosystems to supply pollination services to satisfy the demands of urban agriculture. I find using land-cover dataset at a higher thematic resolution enhances the accuracy of pollination estimates, highlighting the importance of considering scale and land-use dependencies in urban ES mapping. Combined, these studies advance our knowledge of ES supply, demand and the relationships between them, and provide new insight into the impacts of input data spatial and thematic resolution and method choice on the accuracy of urban ES maps.
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Lecina, Diaz Judit. "The key role of ecosystem services in forests: spatial relationships, conservation implications and risk to climate change hazards". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670593.
Abstract (sommario):
Els boscos proveeixen d’una àmplia varietat de serveis ecosistèmics (SE). Entendre com i per què aquests SE es distribueixen en el paisatge és essencial per dotar a les polítiques d’informació per protegir, millorar i restaurar aquests ecosistemes. A més, l’efectivitat de les Àrees Protegides (AP) en el manteniment dels SE i la biodiversitat encara no està clara, i els boscos estan cada vegada més sotmesos a la pressió del canvi climàtic, amb canvis en el règim de pertorbacions (com ara els incendis). Predir on aquestes pertorbacions tindran lloc en el futur i fins a quin punt els SE dels boscos s’hi veuran afectats són reptes fonamentals en la recerca.
L’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi és analitzar la distribució espacial dels SE als boscos, la seva rellevància en la conservació i la seva vulnerabilitat i risc enfront pertorbacions del canvi climàtic, especialment els incendis forestals. Per això, 1) hem analitzat la distribució espacial dels estocs de carboni i la biodiversitat, així com la relació entre ells i les seves causes, en boscos de dues regions i cinc subclimes; 2) hem determinat el rol de les AP en la preservació dels SE i la biodiversitat a Catalunya; 3) hem desenvolupat un marc conceptual per avaluar la vulnerabilitat dels boscos i el seu risc de pèrdua de SE; i 4) hem avaluat els patrons espacials i les causes de la vulnerabilitat dels boscos a incendis i el risc associat de pèrdua de SE a Catalunya. La relació entre els estocs de carboni i la biodiversitat és en general positiva, amb valors més elevats al nord d’Espanya i al sud del Québec. Valors de densitat i diversitat estructural elevats han afavorit al mateix temps els estocs de carboni, la biodiversitat d’arbres i la biodiversitat global. Respecte a les AP, hem trobat més estocs de carboni, cobertura d’hàbitats d’interès comunitari, hàbitats prioritaris i llocs d’interès geològic a l’interior de les AP que a les seves àrees d’influència (o buffer zones), però cap dels indicadors de biodiversitat (riquesa d’arbres i d’aus) ha mostrat diferències entre les AP i les àrees d’influència. Hem proposat un marc conceptual per avaluar la vulnerabilitat dels boscos i el risc de pèrdua de SE, basat en els components d’exposició, magnitud de la pertorbació, susceptibilitat i manca de capacitat adaptativa. Finalment, hem aplicat aquest marc general als incendis forestals de Catalunya. Els resultats han mostrat que la magnitud de la pertorbació és el component més important que defineix el risc de pèrdua de SE degut a incendis. El tipus funcional de bosc - especialment les coníferes no Mediterrànies que tenen poca capacitat adaptativa - és el factor més important sota condicions extremes. L’augment de risc més gran s’ha trobat en boscos relativament humits que actualment tenen un risc baix, situació que segons les tendències climàtiques actuals passarà a ser més comuna en un futur.
En general, aquesta tesi ha augmentat l’evidència científica de la relació positiva entre els estocs de carboni i la biodiversitat en cinc subclimes. També ha mostrat que la conservació a Catalunya només és efectiva en el manteniment d’alguns dels SE i variables de conservació considerades. També ha contribuït amb un marc conceptual innovador sobre la vulnerabilitat dels boscos i el risc de pèrdua de SE degut a pertorbacions del canvi climàtic, assentant les bases per avaluar la vulnerabilitat i el risc d’una manera operativa i sistemàtica. L’aplicació d’aquest marc conceptual als incendis forestals ha mostrat implicacions rellevants en el risc de pèrdua de SE, fet que podria contribuir en el desenvolupament de polítiques futures mitjançant l’anticipació del risc, i ser una guia per la gestió forestal eficient.Los bosques proveen una amplia variedad de servicios ecosistémicos (SE). Entender cómo y por qué estos SE se distribuyen en el paisaje es esencial para proteger, mejorar y restaurar estos ecosistemas. Además, la efectividad de las Áreas Protegidas (AP) en el mantenimiento de los SE y la biodiversidad aún no está del todo clara, y los bosques están cada vez más sometidos a la presión del cambio climático, con cambios en el régimen de perturbaciones (como incendios). Predecir en qué lugares estas perturbaciones se darán en un futuro y hasta qué punto los SE se verán afectados son retos fundamentales de investigación. El objetivo general de esta tesis es analizar la distribución espacial de los SE de los bosques, su relevancia en la conservación y su vulnerabilidad y riesgo frente a perturbaciones del cambio climático, especialmente los incendios forestales. Para cumplir este objetivo, 1) hemos analizado la distribución espacial de los stocks de carbono y la biodiversidad en los bosques, así como la relación entre ellos y sus causas, en dos regiones y cinco subclimas; 2) hemos determinado el rol de las AP en la preservación de los SE y la biodiversidad en Cataluña; 3) hemos desarrollado un marco conceptual para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de los bosques y su riesgo de pérdida de SE; y 4) hemos evaluado los patrones espaciales y las causas de la vulnerabilidad de los bosques a incendios y el riesgo asociado de pérdida de SE en Cataluña. La relación entre los stocks de carbono y la biodiversidad es en general positiva, con valores más elevados en el norte de España y en el sur del Québec. Valores de densidad y diversidad estructural elevados han favorecido los stocks de carbono, la biodiversidad de árboles y la biodiversidad global. Respecto a las AP, hemos encontrado más stocks de carbono, cobertura de hábitats de interés comunitario, hábitats prioritarios y lugares de interés geológico dentro de las AP que en sus áreas de influencia (o buffer zones), pero ninguno de los indicadores de biodiversidad ha mostrado diferencias entre las AP y sus áreas de influencia. Las AP con niveles de protección más elevados no han proveído de más SE y biodiversidad, o viceversa. Además, hemos propuesto un marco conceptual para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de los bosques y el riesgo de pérdida de SE, basado en los componentes de exposición, magnitud de la perturbación, susceptibilidad y ausencia de capacidad adaptativa. Finalmente, hemos aplicado este marco general a los incendios forestales en Cataluña. Los resultados muestran que la magnitud de la perturbación es el componente más importante que define el riesgo de pérdida de SE debido a incendios. El tipo funcional de bosque - especialmente las coníferas no Mediterráneas que tienen una menor capacidad adaptativa - es el factor más importante bajo condiciones extremas. El aumento de riesgo más grande está en bosques relativamente húmedos, situación que según las tendencias climáticas actuales pasará a ser más común en un futuro. En general, esta tesis ha contribuido a aumentar la evidencia científica de la relación positiva entre los stocks de carbono y la biodiversidad. También ha mostrado que la conservación en Cataluña solo es efectiva para mantener algunos SE y variables de conservación. También ha contribuido con un marco conceptual innovador sobre la vulnerabilidad de los bosques y el riesgo de pérdida de SE debido a perturbaciones del cambio climático. La aplicación de este marco conceptual a los incendios forestales ha demostrado implicaciones en el riesgo de pérdida de SE, que podrían servir para el desarrollo de políticas futuras de anticipación del riesgo, pudiendo servir de guía para la gestión forestal eficiente.
Forest ecosystems provide a wide variety ecosystem services (ES). Understanding how these ES are distributed across the landscape and identifying their main drivers is essential to inform policy to protect, enhance and restore these ecosystems. Besides, protected areas (PAs) are fundamental for biodiversity conservation and the provision of ES, yet their effectiveness in maintaining ES and biodiversity is still unclear. Currently, forests are increasingly under pressure from climate change, resulting in changes in disturbance regimes (e.g., wildfires, drought, insect-outbreaks and windstorms). Predicting where these natural hazards will occur in the future and to what extent forest ES will be affected are also fundamental research challenges. The general objective of this thesis is to analyze the spatial distribution of forest ES, their relevance in conservation and their vulnerability and risk to climate change hazards, especially wildfires. To do so, 1) we have analyzed the spatial distribution, relationship and drivers of forest carbon stocks and biodiversity in two regions and five subclimates; 2) we have determined the role of PAs in preserving ES and biodiversity in forests and shrublands of Catalonia; 3) we have developed a general framework of forest vulnerability and risk of losing ES due to different climate change hazards; and 4) we have assessed the spatial patterns and drivers of forest vulnerability to wildfires and the corresponding risk of losing ES in Catalonia. We have found a general positive relationship between carbon stocks and biodiversity, with the highest values in northern Spain (humid Mediterranean subclimate) and southern Quebec (temperate subclimate). High density and structural diversity have simultaneously favored carbon stocks, tree and overall biodiversity. The variables positively affecting carbon and biodiversity have been also driving their hotspots, emphasizing the viability of ‘win-win’ solutions. Regarding PAs, we have found more carbon stocks, coverage of community-interest habitats, priority-habitats and geological-interest sites in PAs than in buffer zones, but none of the biodiversity variables considered have showed differences between PAs and buffer zones. PAs with higher degree of protection have not provided higher levels of ES and biodiversity, or vice versa. Furthermore, we have proposed a general framework to assess forest vulnerability and risk based on the components of exposure, hazard magnitude, susceptibility and lack of adaptive capacity. Finally, we have applied this general framework to the particular case of wildfires in Catalonia. The results have indicated that hazard magnitude is the most important factor defining ES at risk from wildfires. Climate is the main driving factor of ES at risk under average conditions, but forest functional type - in particular non-Mediterranean conifers that have low adaptive capacity - have gained importance under extreme conditions. The highest increases in risk have been found in relatively wet forests with currently low risk, which according to climate trends will become common in the future. Overall, this thesis has gained evidence on the positive relationship between carbon stocks and biodiversity and their main drivers in five subclimates, and has showed that the conservation strategy in Catalonia is only effective at maintaining some of the ES and conservation variables considered. It has also contributed with an innovative conceptual framework of forest vulnerability and risk of losing ES due to climate change hazards, constituting a basis for a systematic operationalization of forest risk and vulnerability. The application of this framework to the case of wildfires has showed relevant implications on the future risk of losing ES due to wildfires, which could contribute to future-oriented policies by anticipating conditions associated with particularly high risks and guiding efficient forest management.
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Martin, Philip Anthony. "Biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in degraded and recovering ecosytems". Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2014. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/22035/.
Abstract (sommario):
Biodiversity loss is occurring at an unprecedented rate and most of this loss is due to human induced pressure. This loss in biodiversity had led to concerns that the provision of ecosystem services that humans depend upon might be negatively affected. As such much modern conservation science focusses on preserving biodiversity whilst protecting priority ecosystem services. However, there may be spatial and temporal trade-offs between these services and the biodiversity that is considered important. Characterisation of such the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services is vital in order to improve management and policies which aim to protect and restore both biodiversity and ecosystem services. The broad aims of the thesis were to explore biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in (1) ecosystems invaded by non-native plant species and (2) tropical forests affected by human exploitation and disturbance. Specifically this thesis aimed to answer the questions: 1. What effect do non-native plant invasions have on aboveground carbon storage, belowground carbon storage, carbon sequestration, water quality and water provision? 2. How do changes in species richness affect this ecosystem service provision? 3. How do these changes relate to the woodiness and traits of invasive and native dominant species, and the type of ecosystem invaded? 4. What factors drive differences in residual stand damage, biomass loss and species richness change following selective logging? 5. After deforestation how long do carbon stocks and plant biodiversity take to recover in tropical forests? 6. Do carbon and plant biodiversity differ in their recovery rates? 7. Which areas are priorities for restoration of tropical carbon? All chapters in this thesis make use of large datasets that I collated from the literature and other authors in order to draw broad conclusions about trade-offs and relationships between services and biodiversity In the section concentrating on invasive species my results suggest that non-native invasive plants generally increase the storage of carbon, whilst reducing water quality and availability. This may indicate a fundamental trade-off between services where increased biomass of plants results in higher evapotranspiration and thus water loss, while also enhancing the carbon cycle and nitrogen production of microorganisms. In addition my results suggest that aboveground carbon storage increases as species richness is reduced, showing the opposite relationship to that shown in many biodiversity ecosystem functioning experiments. This is the first time any such relationship has been found between community change and ecosystem level impacts in the context of species invasions. However, it seems likely that this relationship depends on the identity and traits of the species, with invasions in open habitats by woody species likely to drive a negative relationship between richness change and biomass change with the opposite true when grassy species invade woodlands. This result presents a trade-off between conservation priorities that managers will need to consider. In Chapter 3 I investigated the possibility of predicting the impact of non-native invasive plant impacts on ecosystem services by using characteristics and functional traits of both invasive and native species. This work suggested that aboveground carbon storage is most easily predicted by traits and characteristics of native and non-native species, with few other ecosystem services well explained by models. Results suggested that transition from woody to non-woody dominant species resulted in most dramatic changes in aboveground carbon storage. However, interestingly aboveground carbon storage also tended to increase where native species were replaced by species of similar woodiness. Similarly, given that woodiness and size of species are related, there was a positive relationship between the invasive species height and increases in aboveground carbon storage. However, all other ecosystem services were poorly predicted by species traits and characteristics. This work suggests that the most dramatic changes in carbon storage may result from shifts in ecosystems that resemble regime shifts. Future work addressing invasive species from this perspective is warranted as many invasions resemble such shifts. In Chapter 4 I investigated the relationships between logging intensity and methods and residual stem damage, biomass loss and species richness change in tropical logged forests. Many syntheses of the logging literature have made little distinction between logged sites, and only one has explored any of the mechanisms that may drive heterogeneity in logging impacts. This is particularly surprising given that Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) has been implemented relatively widely principally to reduce carbon loss from logged forests. My results from this chapter suggest that the principal driver of logging impacts is the intensity at which logging is carried out, showing broadly negative relationships with biomass and tree species richness change and a positive relationship with residual stem damage. Interestingly, RIL appeared to reduce residual stem damage slightly but evidence for this effect was weaker in other analyses. These analyses also suggest a slight increase in tree species richness at low logging intensities, showing some similarities to intermediate disturbance hypothesis type relationships. This is suggestive of a complex relationship between tree species richness and biomass changes during logging that deviated substantially from that suggested in grassland biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments. This is as far as I know the first time this relationship has been suggested in the context of logged forests. The result from this chapter also suggest that there is weak support that RIL reduces logging damage at low intensities but little evidence that this is reflected by changes in biomass. Further studies are needed to discern the effect of RIL over a wide range of logging intensities. Chapter 5 investigates tropical forest recovery following agricultural clearance. In this chapter I aimed to identify the recovery times of different above and belowground carbon pools and tree and epiphyte species richness as well as tree species composition using studies that had paired mature forest sites as comparators. Surprisingly this chapter represents the first attempt to generalise about this recovery rate. The results suggest that following clearance carbon and species richness of plants recovers relatively quickly (<100 years), but species indicative of old forests are rarely present in recovering forests and show few signs of recovery. Thus, while carbon recovery goals may be achievable full recovery of plant biodiversity may require centuries. This slow recovery may be aided by active restoration. Finally in Chapter 6 I investigated which areas should be considered as priorities when restoring tropical forests for carbon storage and bird biodiversity. In this chapter I found evidence of spatial trade-offs between carbon storage and bird species recovery. Empirical models suggested that carbon is accumulated most rapidly in forests with long growing seasons, while probability of bird species presence was primarily driven by habitat specificity, range size and forest cover. Model projections suggested that areas that should be considered a priority for restoration targeting carbon storage are found in the wet tropics while priorities for restoration of bird biodiversity are found in mountainous areas. These analyses indicated that there was no relationship between the two goals, but that by using model projections it was possible to identify areas that maximised both. In summary work in this thesis provides the best synthesis of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services in the context of non-native invasive plants, and selective logging and recovery from tropical forest clearance to date. This is of particular value because such relationships have rarely been explored in these contexts despite widespread and of global importance for conservation.
5
McDonough, Kelsey R. "Understanding the relationship between urban best management practices and ecosystem services". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20508.
Abstract (sommario):
Master of ScienceBiological & Agricultural Engineering
Stacy L. Hutchinson
Increasing attentiveness to climate change and the dependence of human life on natural resources has spurred awareness about the detrimental impacts of human activity on the environment. Ecosystem services, or the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, have changed more in the past 50 years than in any other comparable period in human history (Carpenter et al., 2009).The dilemma of managing the trade-off between immediate human needs and maintaining the ability of the Earth to provide ecosystem services is considered to be one of the largest challenges of this century (Foley et al., 2005). The ecosystem service concept aims maximize the provision of services across an entire ecosystem to achieve overall ecosystem health through land management, policy, and economic decisions. The intent of this research was to improve such decisions by increasing the understanding about the relationship between urban best management practices and freshwater provision, erosion regulation, and flood regulation ecosystem services. Fifty-six land management scenarios with varying densities of BMP application were simulated using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). The ecosystem services resulting from these land management scenarios were quantified using indices developed by Logsdon and Chaubey (2013). Results demonstrate that the application of bioretention cells improve both freshwater provision and erosion regulation services immediately downstream from the implementation site, and an increase in erosion regulation services was observed at the greater watershed scale. There was no change in the provision of freshwater, erosion regulation, or flood regulation services observed by the application of green roofs or rain barrels at either scale of analysis.
6
Szaboova, Lukrecia. "Exploring the well-being and ecosystem services relationship through the capability approach". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26297.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being through a case study in Cornwall, UK. The study examines how aspects of the economic and socio-cultural environment interact and influence participants’ constructs of well-being, as well as mediate, through mechanisms of access, their ability to benefit from ecosystem services. The research design is informed by Sen’s capability approach as well as insights from literatures on access theory, human well-being, and ecosystem services. While Sen’s approach potentially offers a novel means to explore the ecosystem services and well-being relationship, it is currently underutilised in this research context. Adopting an in-depth qualitative research approach, data collection took place over 21 months with the same cohort of participants, who face various types of socio-economic disadvantage. Focus groups, life history interviews, photo elicitation, and semi-structured interviews were used to (a) elicit local constructs of well-being, (b) explore the role of ecosystem services for well-being, and (c) identify mechanisms of access that mediate participants’ ability to benefit from valued ecosystem services. The analysis shows that capabilities are interlinked and multidimensional. Therefore, existing socio-economic constraints have important implications for capability formation, and also lead to a series of trade-offs in converting capabilities into well-being. The findings deliver new insights into existing conceptualizations of the ecosystem services and well-being relationship, highlighting the role of cultural practices as sources of well-being, and identifying cultural ecosystem services as an overarching theme rather than a discrete service type. Four types of access mechanisms emerge from the data, including psychological mechanisms, demonstrating that physical distance is an insufficient indicator of exposure to ecosystem services. The thesis concludes by suggesting that developing a capability theory for ecosystem services could aid disaggregated analyses and deliver more nuanced insights into the complex links between ecosystem services and well-being, by shifting the focus from outcomes to opportunities and the processes that contribute to particular outcomes.
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Silva, Vasco Manuel Almeida da. "Assessing the relationship between habitats conservation status and ecosystem services in Natura 2000". Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21197.
Abstract (sommario):
Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de LisboaNatura 2000 is the pan-European network of protected areas and classifies different habitat types, including shrub-grasslands as of conservation interest. The use and management to which these habitat types are subject potentially affect their conservation status and the ecosystem services they generated, including regulating services as carbon storage or wildfire prevention. Wildfire prevention is an important ecosystem service in the Mediterranean region and management practices such as grazing or prescribed burning have been applied in several shrub-grassland areas in Natura 2000. These practices are known to reduce fuel vegetation, but little is known about their effects on the conservation status of these habitats. The main goal of this thesis was to investigate if there are potential trade-offs between fire hazard reduction and conservation in different shrub-grassland habitat types. For this, we assessed changes on plant species composition, vegetation structure, aboveground biomass and potential fire behaviour in plots treated with grazing or prescribed burning in two Natura 2000 sites located in central-west Portugal. Moderate grazing has effectively contributed to the conservation of some shrub-grassland habitat types through reduction of wildfire hazard and maintenance of favourable conservation status. In contrast, higher grazing and browsing pressure negatively affected the conservation status by altering plant species composition and structure of the analysed habitat. Likewise prescribed burning reduced fuel loads and minimized short-term fire hazard, but negatively affected the conservation status of the habitat types considered. Results showed that there are potential management conflicts between fire prevention and conservation in Natura 2000 and that these trade-offs must be considered during fuel management decisions
N/A
8
Picchi, Paolo. "Enhancing the relationship between the landscape of energy transition and the ecosystem services". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368647.
Abstract (sommario):
Governments adopt strategies to follow the objective Europe 2020 and focus on the development of Renewable Energy Technologies, RET, to improve the transition of the production of energy from fossil fuels sources to renewable energy sources, RES. More than decades before, the energy transition towards renewable energies emerges as a relevant objective of the European governments. The fluctuating prices of oil and the uncertainty on the future supply of fossil fuels open new challenges for communities to actuate an energy transition towards RES. The RET can afflict deeply the landscape structure and by this point of view the energy transition is one of the most relevant drivers in the landscape change of the last three decades. In several cases energy transition may face opposition from regions and communities because of the change that RET produce in local landscapes and related economic, cultural and ecological functions. This change has been defined as a conflict between the local narrative of the right to the landscape by local communities and the global narrative that aims at a low carbon future. Exploring the relationship between Ecosystem Services (ES) and Renewable Energy (RE), the conflict among a global perspective and a local perspective has been resumed by several authors as a trade-off among provisioning and regulating ES from one side and cultural ES from the other. The overcoming of this conflict can be based on bottom-up processes that enhance the energy transition starting by local organizations of communities that want to reach a self-sufficieny in renewable energy supply. Transition management is possible if we produce innovation at local scale. An ES approach supports the transition management and the envisioning future energy landscapes by offering transparent trade-offs, exposing risks and benefits. If societies produce clean energy it may happen that RET afflict other ES. The main paradigm for the sustainability of a energy landscape is that the introduction of RET should not cause crucial trade-offs among the other ES, this is why this research wants to study this relationship, as several authors have already stressed. By the literature review it is possible to state a general gap of knowledge in integrated approaches in the evaluation of RET, considering diverse RES and ES provided by the landscape and evaluating a trade-off through a participatory process. To fulfill such gap and produce an enhancement of knowledge, this research follows the main objective of introducing a trade-off analysis into a design approach to formulate long-term visions for sustainable energy landscapes. The results we got indicate that it is possible to plan and design with the ES sustainable energy landscape.This process facilitates a sustainable energy transition of communities through a participatory landscape design that reduce the trade-off between the Renewable Energy and the ES supplies.
9
Picchi, Paolo. "Enhancing the relationship between the landscape of energy transition and the ecosystem services". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1509/1/tesi_paolo_picchi.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Governments adopt strategies to follow the objective Europe 2020 and focus on the development of Renewable Energy Technologies, RET, to improve the transition of the production of energy from fossil fuels sources to renewable energy sources, RES. More than decades before, the energy transition towards renewable energies emerges as a relevant objective of the European governments. The fluctuating prices of oil and the uncertainty on the future supply of fossil fuels open new challenges for communities to actuate an energy transition towards RES. The RET can afflict deeply the landscape structure and by this point of view the energy transition is one of the most relevant drivers in the landscape change of the last three decades. In several cases energy transition may face opposition from regions and communities because of the change that RET produce in local landscapes and related economic, cultural and ecological functions. This change has been defined as a conflict between the local narrative of the right to the landscape by local communities and the global narrative that aims at a low carbon future. Exploring the relationship between Ecosystem Services (ES) and Renewable Energy (RE), the conflict among a global perspective and a local perspective has been resumed by several authors as a trade-off among provisioning and regulating ES from one side and cultural ES from the other. The overcoming of this conflict can be based on bottom-up processes that enhance the energy transition starting by local organizations of communities that want to reach a self-sufficieny in renewable energy supply. Transition management is possible if we produce innovation at local scale. An ES approach supports the transition management and the envisioning future energy landscapes by offering transparent trade-offs, exposing risks and benefits. If societies produce clean energy it may happen that RET afflict other ES. The main paradigm for the sustainability of a energy landscape is that the introduction of RET should not cause crucial trade-offs among the other ES, this is why this research wants to study this relationship, as several authors have already stressed. By the literature review it is possible to state a general gap of knowledge in integrated approaches in the evaluation of RET, considering diverse RES and ES provided by the landscape and evaluating a trade-off through a participatory process. To fulfill such gap and produce an enhancement of knowledge, this research follows the main objective of introducing a trade-off analysis into a design approach to formulate long-term visions for sustainable energy landscapes. The results we got indicate that it is possible to plan and design with the ES sustainable energy landscape.This process facilitates a sustainable energy transition of communities through a participatory landscape design that reduce the trade-off between the Renewable Energy and the ES supplies.
10
Cadel, Maëlys. "Relations entre production agricole, services écosystémiques et impacts liés au fonctionnement du sol : Quels effets de systèmes de culture plus autonomes en azote en contexte de changement climatique ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1076.
Abstract (sommario):
Les sols agricoles contribuent à fournir de nombreux services écosystémiques (SE) aux agriculteurs et à la société. Stockage et restitution d'eau verte et bleue, fourniture de nutriments, régulation de la qualité de l'eau, séquestration du carbone, etc. Or, la majeure partie des écosystèmes agricoles est encore cultivée de manière intensive via l'utilisation d'intrants de synthèse, sans réelle considération des effets négatifs de ces pratiques sur l'environnement et sur la capacité des sols à fournir ces SE. Un des enjeux de la transition agroécologique est de parvenir à concevoir des systèmes de production plus durables, qui limitent l'utilisation des intrants de synthèse, en favorisant notamment une agriculture basée sur la biodiversité et les SE supports de la production. Cela nécessite d'approfondir nos connaissances sur les interactions spatio-temporelles qui existent entre pratiques agricoles, production agricole, SE et impacts environnementaux. Ce manuscrit présente une synthèse des travaux de recherche réalisés dans le cadre d'un partenariat INRAE - ANDRA et qui avait pour but de répondre, du moins en partie, à cet enjeu. Ils furent structurés en deux grandes phases. La première consistait en une revue systématique de la littérature sur les relations qui existent entre la production agricole, les SE et les impacts liés au fonctionnement du sol, dans les systèmes de grandes cultures en climat tempéré. Afin de pouvoir comparer et synthétiser les résultats des 40 études sélectionnées, nous avons développé une nouvelle ontologie des SE et des impacts liés au fonctionnement du sol. Cette revue a permis de mettre en évidence que les relations entre la production de biomasse et les autres SE et impacts étaient majoritairement non significatives, confirmant qu'il n'y a pas d'antagonisme systématique entre production agricole et SE de régulation. Elle a également permis d'identifier des relations qui n'ont pas été étudiées dans les études synthétisées, comme celles entre la séquestration du C et la régulation de la qualité physique du sol ou le maintien de sa biodiversité. En outre, une analyse des effets des déterminants de ces services a révélé que les trois piliers de l'agriculture de conservation et la fertilisation organique semblent être des pratiques prometteuses pour promouvoir l'expression de bouquets équilibrés de SE. La seconde phase a été basée sur la modélisation et simulation de systèmes de culture actuels et agro-écologiques au sein du territoire de l'Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement de l'ANDRA. Elle avait comme objectifs d'évaluer les effets de systèmes visant une plus grande autonomie en azote et une atténuation du changement climatique sur les relations temporelles qui existent entre la production agricole, 5 SE et 3 impacts environnementaux liés au fonctionnement du sol. Ces systèmes de culture ont été conçus en mobilisant trois leviers agronomiques : a) les couverts intermédiaires avec légumineuse (trèfle incarnat), b) les légumineuses à grain (pois) et c) les légumineuses fourragères (luzerne). Pour évaluer les performances de ces systèmes, nous avons mobilisé le modèle de culture STICS, qui simule le fonctionnement du système sol-plante au pas de temps journalier. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur deux périodes de 20 ans : une première simulation en climat passé récent (2000-2021), et une seconde simulation, sous projection climatique RCP 8.5 (2036-2057). Si la plupart des relations temporelles analysées ressortent non significatives, il apparait que la mise en place de couverts intermédiaires longs dans la rotation permet de fournir les plus hauts niveaux de séquestration de carbone et de fourniture en azote minéral et parmi les plus bas niveaux de lixiviation d'azoteAgricultural soils provide many ecosystem services (ES) to farmers and Society such as green and blue water provision, nutrient provision to crops, water quality regulation, carbon sequestration etc. However, most cropping systems are still intensively managed, based on chemical inputs, with little to no consideration of the possible effects of such practices on the environment and the ability of soils to provide these ES. One issue of agroecological transition is to design more sustainable production systems, with limited use of chemical inputs, that provide and benefit from biodiversity and the ES support of agricultural production. We thus need to improve our knowledge on the spatio-temporal relationships that may exist between management practices, agricultural production, ES and environmental impacts. This manuscript synthesizes the results of a three years INRAE-ANDRA collaboration that aimed at providing key information on soil-crop functioning while facing this challenge. This work was structured into two parts. We first conducted a systematic literature review of the relationships between agricultural production, the ES and the impacts linked to soil functioning, within temperate annual production systems. In order to be able to compare the results of the 40 studies selected, we developed a new ontology of soil-based ES and impacts. This review evidenced mainly non-significant relationships between Biomass production and the ES and impacts investigated suggesting that there is no systematic trade-off between agricultural production and regulating ES. We also identified key relationships that have never been investigated in the studies selected as those between C sequestration and Physical soil quality regulation or Soil biodiversity. Also, an analysis of the effects of drivers of these ES revealed that the three pillars of conservation agriculture, as well as organic fertilization, seem promising practices to provide balanced bundles of ES. We then performed simulation analyses of actual and agroecological cropping systems of the French long-term Environmental Observatory of ANDRA. The objectives were to assess the effects of more N self-sufficient cropping systems, with a climate change mitigation purpose, on the temporal relationships between agricultural production, 5 ES and 3 impacts linked to soil functioning. These cropping systems were designed by implementing three agroecological management practices: a) long cover crops with legume (crimson clover), b) grain legumes (pea) and c) fodder legumes (alfalfa). To assess the performances of these systems, we used the STICS model, that simulates the functioning of the soil-crop system at a daily time-step. Simulations were run over two 20-years time periods: a first one for recent past climate (2000-2021) and a second one for future climate projection using RCP 8.5 (2036-2057). If most of the temporal relationships analysed were non-significant, results highlighted that the use of long cover crops in the rotation provided the highest values of N provision to crops and C sequestration and the lowest values of NO3 lixiviation
Libri sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships":
1
Singh, Joginder, Ajay Kumar e Jastin Samuel. Relationship Between Microbes and Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 1: Microbial Products for Sustainable Ecosystem Services. Elsevier, 2022.
2
Singh, Joginder, Ajay Kumar e Jastin Samuel. Relationship Between Microbes and Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 1: Microbial Products for Sustainable Ecosystem Services. Elsevier, 2022.
3
Singh, Joginder, Ajay Kumar e Jastin Samuel. Relationship Between Microbes and Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 2: Microbial Mitigation of Waste for Sustainable Ecosystem Services. Elsevier, 2022.
4
Singh, Joginder, Ajay Kumar e Jastin Samuel. Relationship Between Microbes and Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 2: Microbial Mitigation of Waste for Sustainable Ecosystem Services. Elsevier, 2022.
5
James, Philip. A new relationship. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0012.
Abstract (sommario):
If the health and well-being benefits attributable to contact with nature are to be realized, there needs to be a change in the framing of nature within urban environments. The way nature is perceived and valued and the way that it is incorporated in policy and practice need to be re-positioned. The discourse around that challenge and the resulting re-framing are set out. There is a discussion of the changing relationship between humans and the natural environment. Ideas around nature apart from, or in spite of, or for, or and people are considered. These paradigm shifts affect conservation policies and associated practices. The ecosystem services and disservices attributable to urban environments are assessed. The importance of cultural services within urban environments is highlighted. Tensions that exist within this changing relationship are causing humans to forget the natural world and its benefits, with knock-on ill effects to human health.
6
Relationship Between Microbes and the Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 1. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-02873-2.
7
Relationship Between Microbes and the Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 2. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-02874-4.
8
Singh, Joginder, Ajay Kumar e Jastin Samuel. Relationship Between Microbes and Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 3: Microbial Tools for Sustainable Ecoystem Services. Elsevier, 2022.
9
Singh, Joginder, Ajay Kumar e Jastin Samuel. Relationship Between Microbes and Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 3: Microbial Tools for Sustainable Ecoystem Services. Elsevier, 2022.
10
With, Kimberly A. Essentials of Landscape Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838388.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Essentials of Landscape Ecology is a new, comprehensive text that presents the principles, theory, methods, and applications of landscape ecology in an engaging and accessible format, supplemented by numerous examples and case studies from a variety of systems, including freshwater and marine “scapes.” Human activity has transformed landscapes worldwide on a scale that rivals or exceeds even the largest of natural forces, giving rise to a new geological age, the Anthropocene. As humans alter the structure and function of landscapes, the biological diversity and ecological relationships within those landscapes are also inevitably altered, to the extent that this may interfere with humanity’s efforts to sustain the productivity and multifunctional use of these landscapes. Landscape ecology has thus emerged as a new, multidisciplinary science to investigate the effects of human land use and environmental heterogeneity on ecological processes across a wide range of scales and systems: from the effects of habitat or resource distributions on the individual movements, gene flow, and population dynamics of plants and animals; to the human alteration of landscapes affecting the structure of biological communities and the functioning of entire ecosystems; to the sustainable management of natural resources and the ecosystem goods and services upon which society depends.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships":
1
Sbandati, Andrea. "Servizi ecosistemici, servizio idrico integrato e componenti tariffarie: l’opportunità dei Payments for Ecosystem Services". In I servizi ecosistemici nella pianificazione bioregionale, 115–27. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-050-4.14.
Abstract (sommario):
Having defined the possible relationships between ecosystem services and local public services, the text focuses on the integrated water service, illustrating the regulatory tools that contemplate the "environmental and resource costs" that each user must bear as a principle. A wide examination of national and international cases on the use of Payments for Ecosystem Services for the management of water in a multifunctional perspective highlights the opportunity to raise this tariff component to finance ecosystem services in the territorial field.
2
Lewis, Amy, Katie Devenish, Rachel Dolan, Tara Garraty, Oboh Okosun, Matthew Scowen, Indunee Welivita e Simon Willcock. "Ecosystem Service Flows Across the Rural-Urban Spectrum". In Human-Nature Interactions, 183–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_15.
Abstract (sommario):
Significance StatementKey differences exist between how rural and urban people receive benefits from nature (termed ecosystem services; ES). In rural areas, people are thought to have relatively direct relationships with local ecosystems (e.g. growing food on your subsistence farm). By contrast, within urban areas, people often have more indirect access to distant ecosystems (e.g. obtaining food from hundreds of miles away via supermarket value chain). However, this leaves many questions unanswered: e.g., What natural benefits are present within cities? When do nature’s benefits flow into cities? When do the people travel out to directly receive nature’s benefits? Here, we explore this issue – breaking down ES flows into two components (i.e. the movement of natural goods and the movement of beneficiaries [people]).
3
Schirpke, Uta. "Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Development in the European Alps: Spatial Patterns and Mountain-Lowland Relationships". In Human-Nature Interactions, 127–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_11.
Abstract (sommario):
Significance StatementMountain regions provide various goods and services to people such as fresh water, timber, climate regulation, and recreation. This chapter illustrates the spatial distribution of eight key ecosystem services across the European Alps and adjacent lowland areas and analyses linkages with sustainability. The results indicate important spatial mismatches between (semi-)natural mountain environments and densely populated lowlands and between ecosystem services and sustainability. More attention should be paid on transportation processes and human well-being across different spatial scales to support the sustainable development of mountain socio-ecological systems.
4
Poli, Daniela. "Premessa". In I servizi ecosistemici nella pianificazione bioregionale, VII—IX. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-050-4.03.
Abstract (sommario):
The short introduction reconstructs the external history of the texts collected in this volume, which are a reworking of the authors' contributions to the seminar "From territorial heritage to eco-territorial services: towards an operational definition". It also draws a quick sketch of the relationships that urge us to rethink the ecosystem services as eco-territorial services, between territorialist approach, bioregional planning, territorial heritage, and answers to be offered urgently to the problems - climatic, environmental, economic and social - posed by a society in transition.
5
Poli, Daniela, Michela Chiti e Gabriella Granatiero. "L’approccio patrimoniale ai servizi ecosistemici". In I servizi ecosistemici nella pianificazione bioregionale, 1–34. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-050-4.04.
Abstract (sommario):
The flourishing of literature on ecosystem services testifies to an increase in awareness of the extent to which economic operations of human societies is due to “natural” factors, so far considered as mere marginal conditions. However, this analysis appears to be flawed by an excessive of economism. It is limited to the evaluation of the effects and does not dive into the ecological relationships between community and environment. After introducing the concept of eco-territorial services, this section traces the coordinates of a more mature discussion of this topic, with important repercussions on land use planning.
6
Li, Changjia, Bojie Fu, Shuai Wang, Lindsay C. Stringer, Wenxin Zhou, Tong Lu, Xutong Wu, Rina Hu e Zhuobing Ren. "Structure and Functioning of China’s Dryland Ecosystems in a Changing Environment". In Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments, 391–424. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9375-8_12.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractChina has one of the largest dryland areas worldwide, covering 6.6 million km2 and supporting approximately 580 million people. Conflicting findings showing a drier China’s drylands with increasing aridity and observed greenness indicate the complexity of environmental processes, highlighting a pressing research need to improve understanding of how active dryland processes, ecosystem structure and functioning will alter. This chapter synthesizes the changes, impacts, and their drivers in China’s dryland ecosystems. Results from analyses covering the period 2000–2015 showed that 58.69% of the vegetated area exhibited an increase in vegetation greenness, cover, and productivity, while 4.29% of those showed a decrease in all three aspects. However, 37.02% of the vegetated area showed inconsistent trends in vegetation greenness, cover, and productivity, suggesting high uncertainty in estimations of vegetation dynamics in drylands. China’s drylands are nevertheless at risk of expansion and could pass an irreversible tipping point with increasing aridity, particularly in the country’s semi-arid regions. Nitrogen enrichment and overgrazing generally reduce plant species diversity. Wind erosion, water erosion, salinization, and freeze–thaw erosion are typical processes of desertification in China’s drylands. Large-scale ecological restoration projects enhance greening and ecosystem services of China’s drylands, but also impose substantial pressure on these water-limited environments. Future research is needed to examine interactions among different drivers of environmental change (e.g., the relationships between CO2 fertilization and increased aridity). Such research could usefully include complex systems approaches to link patterns and processes across spatial and time scales, and long-term experiments on physical‐chemical‐biological process interactions.
7
DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., Izabella Koziell, Tim Benton, Lucas A. Garibaldi, Claire Kremen, Martine Maron, Cristina Rumbaitis Del Rio et al. "A Whole Earth Approach to Nature-Positive Food: Biodiversity and Agriculture". In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 469–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_25.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractAgriculture is the largest single source of environmental degradation, responsible for over 30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 70% of freshwater use and 80% of land conversion: it is the single largest driver of biodiversity loss (Foley JA, Science 309:570–574, 2005, Nature 478:337–342, 2011; IPBES. Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, 2019; Willett W et al. The Lancet 393:447–492, 2019). Agriculture also underpins poor human health, contributing to 11 million premature deaths annually. While too many still struggle from acute hunger, a growing number of individuals, including in low to middle-income countries (LMICs), struggle to access healthy foods. Greater consideration for, and integration of, biodiversity in agriculture is a key solution space for improving health, eliminating hunger and achieving nature-positive development objectives.This rapid evidence review documents the best available evidence of agriculture’s relationships with biodiversity, drawing on the contributions of leading biodiversity experts, and recommends actions that can be taken to move towards more biodiversity/nature-positive production through the delivery of integrated agricultural solutions for climate, biodiversity, nutrition and livelihoods. The analysis, which takes a whole-of-food-system approach, brings together a large body of evidence. It accounts for aspects not typically captured in a stand-alone primary piece of research and indicates where there are critical gaps.
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Ahammed, Golam Jalal, e Roghieh Hajiboland. "Introduction to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plant Symbiosis: Characteristic Features, Functions, and Applications". In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8220-2_1.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous, soil-borne, endophytic, obligate biotrophs that colonize the roots of most terrestrial plants to establish mutually beneficial relationships. The colonization of host roots by AMF improves the access of plant roots to nutrients, mainly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). In return, host plants provide the colonizing fungus with carbon (C)-rich photosynthates such as sugar and lipids. This nutrient exchange strongly impacts plant and microbial ecosystems by influencing plant fitness, core soil processes, and the C cycle. Crucially, both mutualism and ecosystem services largely rely on the bidirectional flow of resources. The AMF symbiosis not only provides plants with nutrients but also supplies water and enhances their resistance to environmental and biotic challenges. The physiological and molecular processes by which AMF aids plants in nutrient foraging and stress resilience have been extensively studied. Recent work has established the framework for nutrient exchange and regulatory interactions between host plants and AMF, but the mechanisms underlying AMF-mediated host plant tolerance to stress still remain unclear. AMF are of potential applications in crop production, forestry management, bioremediation, and ecological restoration as biofertilizers and bioprotectors. In the first chapter, we introduce AMF, plant-AMF symbioses and their characteristic features, functions, and potential applications.
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O’Riordan, Tim. "On the Changing Relationship between Ecosystem Services Continuance and Sustainability". In Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services, 599–601. New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315775302-54.
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Kurniawan, Tri A., Aditya K. Ghose, Hoa Khanh Dam e Lam-Son Lê. "Relationship-Preserving Change Propagation in Process Ecosystems". In Service-Oriented Computing, 63–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34321-6_5.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships":
1
Dobrica, Liliana. "CONSIDERATIONS ON MODELING SERVICE ECOSYSTEMS". In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-112.
Abstract (sommario):
Nowadays there is a trend of movement of many enterprises from product-driven business models towards networked service-centered business models for increasing their revenues and creating sustainable service ecosystems. A service ecosystem is a socio-technical complex system that enables service-based cooperation between entities. It consists of a nesting of infrastructures, institutions, service systems, and contexts. This paper discusses about the definition of the main architectural elements of service ecosystems and existent modeling approaches to achieve a required quality based on specific properties. It begins with the identification of the main challenges in this domain and addresses solutions that facilitate analysis and design of service ecosystem models including ecosystem infrastructure and knowledge repositories. It compares several definitions of ecosystems and related concepts used to provide service innovation and co-creation of value. Decision making in co-creative ecosystems is distributed both horizontally and vertically. Furthermore, lines of authority and governance structure are less distinct than in traditional views of business organizations. Joining an ecosystem requires interoperability knowledge. Under this perspective the paper discusses about knowledge management in an open context addressing specific ontological relationships between concepts. The importance of interoperability models has been recognized in the context of ecosystems and several levels have been introduced and defined. Among these can be mentioned conceptual, behavioral, semantic, communication and connection. The last part of the paper pays attention and analyses existent methods and tools for service ecosystem engineering. It discusses about and ecosystem architecture framework and a modeling methodology for creation of agile services engineering platforms.
2
Makovníková, Jarmila, Stanislav Kološta e Filip Flaška. "Hodnotenie schopnosti prírodného kapitálu poskytovať kultúrne ekosystémové služby v regiónoch SR". In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-43.
Abstract (sommario):
Recreation and tourism, as an important category of cultural ecosystem services, is an important part of the economy and, in addition to economic importance, also contributes to improving the quality of life, overall well-being and education. The assessment and evaluation of recreation and tourism is important in the case of both managed and natural ecosystems. The aim of the paper is to provide an alternative view of the assessment and evaluation of the potential of cultural ecosystem services with a focus on the category of recreation and tourism in four model regions of the Slovak Republic with diverse natural and geographical characteristics. In evaluating we used the cartographic layer of ecosystems in model regions and a modified matrix of ecosystem services. The results in the chosen regions indicated that the terrain fragmentation in combination with higher altitude and a larger area of forests and protected areas may represent significant factors influencing the area's potential to provide various benefits from recreation and tourism within cultural ecosystem services. The relationship between the logical assumption that the higher monetary potential for recreation and tourism within the cultural ecosystem services is represented in the region, the more intensively it is used, e.g. in the form of a larger number of visitors or overnight stays, has not been shown.
3
Smit, Hans, Laurie Meyer, Adrian Flynn, Gary van Eck e Giorgia Cecino. "Enabling Ecosystem Based Management: New Ways to Conduct Deep Sea Minerals Exploration". In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32244-ms.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The Cook Islands (CI) possesses within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) a massive field of polymetallic nodules representing one of the world's largest undeveloped cobalt deposits, along with large quantities of other metals critical to achieving global energy transition targets. In February of 2022 the Seabed Minerals Authority (SBMA) of the CI granted licenses to three companies to conduct nodule exploration programs. This paper describes the process adopted by Moana Minerals, one of the license holders, to define new ways of conducting exploration which are focused on addressing the greatest challenge to Deep Sea Mining (DSM) development – that of securing the social license to advance to eventual mining of the resources. While it is generally true for any DSM project, obtaining license to operate within the EEZ of a sovereign nation requires even more focus on socio-economic and cultural concerns. Hence Moana Minerals invested even before exploration license award in the completion of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) scoping study. This exercise helped to define the key questions and concerns, the range of stakeholders in the ESIA process, and began to construct the Ecosystem Based Model which is the heart of our ESIA program. We describe our employment of the increasingly adopted best practice of Ecosystem Based Management (EBM), which considers the entire ecosystem and its services, and the complex associated interactions for a "whole of system" approach. We discuss how this model is used to help communicate relationships between potential stressors associated with seabed mining and ecosystem responses, as well as how it is used to identify thresholds and guide development and adaptation of ecosystem management approaches. Given the challenges of the remoteness of the Cook Islands, limited exploration assets in the region, and ongoing supply chain delays and limitations, our early analysis of how best to execute an EBM-based program concluded that a dedicated research vessel properly outfitted with a full suite of scientific gear would be key to success. We describe our program to economically develop such an exploration system through repurposing an offshore support vessel, with an aim towards maximum suitability for Cook Islands-based exploration and other deep sea exploration work in the region as well as other potential high value regional applications. Finally, we discuss operations to date using this critical exploration-enabling asset.
4
Koumpan, Elizabeth, Ram Ravishankar e Periasamy Girirajan. "On Demand Loans Real Time Service: Essential User Feature by the Banks in Society 5". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002254.
Abstract (sommario):
Investing for a Sustainable Future is driving major client buying behaviors and long-term corporate strategies. We are currently at the transition between the 3rd Industrial Revolution (the computer / Internet based information industry), and the 4th Industrial Revolution (driven by digital transformation, AI, IoT, Blockchain), emerging into the 5th Industrial Revolution. This transition drives an unprecedented connection of business to purpose, democratizing technology for consumers with ease of use and integration of cyberspace with physical space In addition, Covid-19 has acted as a catalyst accelerating the virtual way people work, learn, buy, and how businesses interact with their consumers, partners, and one another, which will be forever changed. With much of life shifted online, such use of embedded finance products, transacting with e-commerce systems, etc. now demands a new level of data gathering, sharing, and management. This change in life drives the optimization of the entire social and organizational systems. In the Financial Services industry, “Buy Now, Pay Later” (BNPL) is one of the strongest trends, that redefines processes around digital payments, embedded lending, and e-commerce. With BNPL, retailers could minimize the risk of capital management during a period of huge economic uncertainty, worldwide lockdowns, and the temporary closure of non-essential physical stores. BNPL type process naturally evolves into digital frictionless user experience, replicated across channels, expanding into services such as event tickets and vacations (tailored to behavioral patterns and personalized shopping recommendations), offerings on interest-bearing financing and over-the-top payments with any merchant via their smartphone apps, QR codes, and virtual cards, making a range of goods and services more affordable.What would be the next moves? Winners in this market will be companies that combine strong consumer and merchant relationships into a composite cross-industry business process that translates to a robust value proposition and a potentially new set of business models. BNPL does not only produce monetary benefits. Because the providers have relationships with consumers and merchants, they generate powerful insights from the data exhaust, and can provide merchant partners with valuable data to understand :•Who their customers are and their target customer segments. •The types of products customers prefer. •Where customers shop. •Trading and micro-lendingIn the future, Data wallets will enable both individuals and businesses to control their participation in the new ecosystems based on their preferences, augmented by ecosystem-centric loyalty schemes, providing the foundation for new engagement models.Sustainability Linked Loans (SLLs) will support the achievement of the borrower’s environmental and social objectives, & United Nations ESG / sustainability metrics. People, Jobs, Economic Inclusion, and Sustainability will be at the heart of everybody. Banks need to turn BNPL into an opportunity, by applying technology and optimizing, automating, and even monetizing, through exponential technologies like BPA and AI. Banks should leverage their huge base of retail customers with a variety of credit products, and many established banking providers, that have merchant acquiring services. It is essential for businesses that intersect payments, lending, and e-commerce to formulate a BNPL strategy
5
Arthur, Reginald, Olivia Anku Tsede, Mohammed-Aminu Sanda, Eleonora Belfiore e Thilde Langevang. "Conceptualizing the Influence of Digital Musicpreneurs on the Music Streaming Ecosystem in the Global South: An Actor-Network Perspective". In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004302.
Abstract (sommario):
It has been almost a decade since the emergence of music streaming services (MSS) started changing the economic fortunes of the music industry globally. The International Federation for Phonographic Industry (IFPI) reports that since 2015 streaming has consistently dominated the music industry revenue, currently accounting for more than 67% of total global recorded music revenue (IFPI, 2023). In the Global South, this growth has been marked with the recent interest of global giants in the music streaming industry such as Boomplay and Spotify seeking to gain grounds in several Sub-Saharan countries including Ghana. Despite the significant growth and interest in the contemporary music industry, the specific dynamics and framework within which streaming operates in the context of Ghana’s music industry is yet to be explored. This study thus aims to explore and conceptualize the influence of digital entrepreneurs in the streaming business ecosystem in Ghana, utilizing an Actor-Network Theory (ANT) analysis. With the rise of music streaming and the advent of independent music production and distribution, a new category of entrepreneurs known as “digital musicpreneurs” have emerged as key players in reshaping the music industry landscape.Drawing on the ANT framework, this paper adopts a comprehensive approach to analyze the intricate interactions, relationships, and power dynamics between these digital musicpreneurs and various actors within the music industry business ecosystem in Ghana. This study seeks to provide a conceptual understanding of the transformative impact of these entrepreneurs on the ecosystem, taking into account the unique challenges and opportunities faced by the Global South music industry. In its analysis, the following dimensions are considered. First, the study explores the dynamic interactions between digital musicpreneurs and other actors, including musicians, producers, record labels, distributors, and the dominant digital platform in Ghana, Boomplay. Also, this study delves into the role of technology, particularly digital platforms and online tools, in mediating the activities of digital musicpreneurs, with a particular emphasis on how these technologies are utilized and accessed in Ghana. It explores how digital musicpreneurs leverage technology to create and distribute music, engage with audiences, and develop innovative business models, considering the infrastructural and digital divide challenges faced by the Global South. Furthermore, this paper focuses on understanding how digital musicpreneurs contribute to value creation within the music industry ecosystem in Ghana. It explores their innovative approaches to music production, marketing, and monetization, while considering the specific economic constraints, market dynamics, disruptions caused by their entrepreneurial activities and their implications for the Global South music industry. Finally, this paper analyzes the network effects and ecosystem evolution resulting from the influence of digital musicpreneurs and explores how their actions and collaborations shape the industry’s competitive landscape, foster innovation, and drive ecosystem growth. By adopting an ANT analysis with a Global South perspective, this study will generate insights that have implications for various stakeholders in the Ghana music industry, including digital musicpreneurs themselves, musicians, record labels, policymakers, and industry practitioners.
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Sandanski, Ivan. "PARENTS AS VALUE CO-CREATORS AND DESTROYERS IN YOUTH FOOTBALL IN BULGARIA". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/135.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT As a result of the adoption of market mechanisms, access to sports and football services among adolescents has become a matter of individual choice and economic opportunities of their parents. Through the lens of the concept of Service-dominant logic, the paper interrogates various manifestations of the processes of value co-creation and destruction in the context of the relationships between players’ parents and youth football academies. A random survey among 1,023 parents of children practicing organized forms of football within club-based youth football schools/academies throughout the country was conducted. The respondents encompassed all clubs competing in the First and Second professional leagues. Over 70% of adolescents have been practicing the game as part of a club youth football school for more than 3 years. It is worth mentioning that for nearly 20% of the parents the skills of coaches are the main factor in choosing a club. 13.5% of the parents believe that their child has the potential to become a professional player. It turns out that over 65% of children are not fans of the club in which they train, which also indicates insufficient levels of loyalty. Parents have become the biggest ‘investors’ in youth football in Bulgaria in the form of personal funds and volunteering. In return, they receive a service with a low perceived value. Parents’ choices are driven primarily by rational consumer motives. On the other hand, in clubs with a low degree of diversification of funding sources, a number of undesirable practices are often formed. The study has practical implications for both parents and football club schools’ managers who aim to find new ways of integrating resources and applying competencies. Parents are considered definitive stakeholder in the ecosystem of youth football. Therefore, the study contributes to the further understanding of the value co-creation concept by expanding it into a specific area of interactions.
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Coscieme, L., N. Marchettini, S. Bastianoni e F. M. Pulselli. "Biomes, ecosystem services and emergy: is there a relationship?" In ECOSUD 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eco110111.
8
Chiavetta, Ugo. "How Forest Management Can Improve Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Stock and Other Ecosystem Services? A Focus on Mediterranean Environment". In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.58.
Abstract (sommario):
Forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon and providing various ecosystem services. This contribute explores the relationship between forest management practices and their impacts on carbon sequestration, carbon stock, and other ecosystem services, with a specific focus on the unique challenges and opportunities presented by Mediterranean environments. Drawing from a synthesis of existing research, I discuss the effectiveness of different forest management strategies in enhancing carbon sequestration and carbon stock while considering the broader ecosystem services provided by Mediterranean forests. I also include a case study on thinning in peri-urban forest stand, highlighting its potential to enhance carbon sequestration and ecosystem services in Mediterranean peri-urban areas. I underline the importance of sustainable forest management practices in mitigating climate change and supporting biodiversity conservation in this ecologically sensitive region. Furthermore, we identify key knowledge gaps and research priorities to guide future efforts in optimizing forest management for both carbon sequestration and ecosystem resilience in Mediterranean environments.
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Moon, Seung Ki, Hyung Sool Oh e Samyeon Kim. "A Product-Service System Model for Identifying Design Factors". In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12543.
Abstract (sommario):
In competitive market environments, strategies that adding services to products for sales promotion are now moved to integrate products and services for satisfying diverse customer needs, and the number of these cases is gradually increasing. Trends of integrating products and services lead to the emergence of a product-service system (PSS). To implement and embody a PSS solution in new product development, a comprehensive design framework is allowed designers to facilitate the design factors of the PSS in complex business environments. The objective of this paper is to propose a PSS model to identify design factors for developing products and services by integrating object-oriented concepts and blueprinting in context of a business ecosystem. The proposed model is developed based on relationship between products and services matching with their design factors. The products and the services are then brought together to form a PSS. Functions and processes can be categorized to identify the design factors in different levels using the object-oriented concepts. Interaction between products and services lies on a PSS platform to form a product service system in blueprinting. To demonstrate of the effectiveness of the proposed model, we use a case study involving a smart phone.
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Kenichi, Nakagami, Nakagami Kenichi, Obata Norio, Obata Norio, Takao Katsuk, Takao Katsuk, Uehara Takuro et al. "THE INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b940eabcee2.02638693.
Abstract (sommario):
The Japanese term “Satoumi” inspires us to pursue sound coastal zone governance by taking sustainable development into consideration with “Establishment of Sato-umi in the coastal sea”. The popular ICZM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) shows us the potential approach toward a coastal area with harmonious interaction between human-being and natural environment. Seto Inland Sea which has undergone serious environmental degradation and anthropogenic changes. In order to recover and sustain its unparalleled values, rebuilding a sound environmental policy system from top to bottom is highly required. The ecosystem services and their monetary values are also estimated buy CVM necessary for sustainability assessment, due to their powerful roles in representing human-coastal zone relationship and supporting sustainability of a “Satoumi” system. The sustainability assessment framework for Seto Inland Sea, which consists of Inclusive Wealth, “Satoumi”, and ecosystem service approach was developed.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Ecosystem services relationships":
1
Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren e Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.
Abstract (sommario):
Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown e Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.
Abstract (sommario):
This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.
3
Subramanian, Suneetha M., e Maiko Nishi. Nature as Culture: Conceptualizing What It Implies and Potential Ways to Capture the Paradigm in Scenario Building Exercises. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, dicembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53326/ivbp2438.
Abstract (sommario):
The recent Values Assessment conducted by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) highlights the impact of different worldviews on people's relationship with nature. This paper summarizes the findings from a literature review that examined nature-culture interconnections and how they play out in outcomes related to conservation and human well-being. It seeks to highlight the various ways in which Nature as Culture is conceptualized and further, generalized. It also aims to identify a short set of promising indicators that could be used for scenario modelling for nature futures work and identify potential areas of research to explore further in this field to ensure that the concept is more robustly embedded in plans to operationalize policy goals on sustainability, including biodiversity conservation. The paper emphasizes the need for further research in this area, calling for methods that incorporate a diverse range of resources across ecosystems, species types and national borders. It highlights ground-truthing and primary data collection as essential components in understanding intrinsic, instrumental and relational values for fostering sustainable practices.
4
Schweiger, E., Joanna Lemly, Dana Witwicki, Kirk Sherrill, Ruth Whittington, Lewis Messner, Erin Cubley, Katherine Haynes e Sonya Daw. Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument wetland ecological integrity: 2009?2019 synthesis report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300778.
Abstract (sommario):
Wetlands at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO) are important because they are biodiversity hotspots and support iconic wildlife. They also provide valuable ?ecosystem services? such as attenuating floods, storing water, recharging aquifers, stabilizing and sequestering sediment, storing carbon, enhancing water quality, and cycling nutrients. This report summarizes 11 years (2009?2019) of wetland monitoring in three sentinel wetland complexes in FLFO. Monitoring included annual samples of 10 wet meadow and fen wetland sites in these complexes. We partition the data into a baseline period encompassing the first three years of our work for which we estimate conditions using a variety of indicators, or vital signs. We then estimate trend across the whole period of record. Results are compared to assessment points that allow us to interpret results in a management relevant context. We collected data on vascular plant species composition, woody species stand structure and damage and mortality of woody stems, soil chemistry, groundwater chemistry, and depth to water at shallow groundwater wells in each complex. We also documented human disturbance in and around each wetland complex. Projections suggest that climate change will likely reduce the number and extent of wetlands in the park and cause declines in the condition of associated flora and fauna and critical ecological functions, such as carbon and water storage. Human use can cause disturbance to wetlands across multiple scales and has well documented relationships with wetland condition. Wetlands at FLFO were impacted by over a century of cattle ranching and other human uses that increased soil erosion, altered hydrology, and made the area more susceptible to invasion by exotic plant species. Disturbance indicators at both a landscape and smaller scale generally showed an intermediate level of disturbance in and around our sentinel sites. Across all sites and indicators, we generally saw lower groundwater levels in response to drought conditions in 2010?2013 and in 2017?2018. However, groundwater at the Hornbek complex responded differently, potentially benefiting from a restoration project that filled incised channels in late summer 2012. Vegetation indicators showed relatively stable and healthy conditions in the park, except for native species cover, which was in intermediate condition.
5
Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor e Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Abstract (sommario):
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Menuz, Diane, e Rebekah Downard. Opportunity for Improved Wetland Mitigation in Utah - In-Lieu Fee Mitigation Potential in Utah. Utah Geological Survey, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-756.
Abstract (sommario):
Wetlands play a crucial role in watersheds and provide critical ecosystem functions, most notably, water quality improvement, fish and wildlife habitat, flood attenuation, drought mitigation, and carbon sequestration. Wetlands in Utah are regulated primarily by the federal government under the Clean Water Act (CWA), which requires mitigation to replace ecological services that are lost to permitted activities. Utah House Bill 118 (2022) directed the Utah Geological Survey to explore the potential for an In-Lieu Fee (ILF) mitigation program to improve wetland resources in Utah. An ILF program would allow entities seeking CWA permits to pay a fee to mitigate impacts to streams and wetlands rather than having to develop their own mitigation plans. To research the possible consequences of an ILF, we conducted document research and interviews with mitigation practitioners and wetland stakeholders and analyzed ten years of permit data. Interview participants agreed that an ILF would improve the quality of wetland mitigation projects, which currently are often small, isolated, and overrun with weeds. An ILF would also improve coordination between the various entities involved in natural resource protection, permitting, and restoration. Further, permittees would benefit from an ILF because it would streamline the permitting process. Research and input from current practitioners showcased that there were many options for running an ILF program that can work for Utah, which has few permitted wetland impacts compared to other, less arid states. The most effective way to build an ILF in Utah is to support a full-time ILF administrator to establish the program and develop and maintain strong relationships with regulators, restoration specialists, and those seeking permits. Based on historical permit rates, such a position could be funded by program fees after the program is established. The future of a self-sustaining ILF program is uncertain, however, due to the recent Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supreme Court decision which limited the types of wetlands that are regulated by the federal government. The expected reduction in wetland permitting creates a more challenging environment in which to operate an ILF program because permit fees will likely no longer support a full-time ILF administrator’s salary. At the same time, ensuring high quality mitigation will be more important than ever because there will be more unpermitted and thus unmitigated wetland impacts, leading to loss in ecological functions. Given these considerations, we recommend establishing a position for a wetland mitigation and restoration coordinator who can explore multiple options to preserve and restore wetlands in Utah, coordinate among agencies, and begin to implement an ILF program at a rate and scale appropriate to the new regulatory conditions. By investing in a wetland mitigation and restoration coordinator, the state can support voluntary restoration measures to increase wetland functions while at the same time improving mitigation outcomes for permittees and projects. Together, these actions will lead to healthier, more resilient wetlands that will protect the quality of life for all Utahns.
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Hubbard, Tani. Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. 2023. Breeding bird monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network: Narrative, version 3.0 (revised September 2023). National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301758.
Abstract (sommario):
Birds are an important component of park ecosystems. They also have a tremendous following among the public, and many parks provide information on the status and long-term trends of bird populations through their interpretive programs. With habitat vanishing, ecosystems being altered, and bird populations declining, we proposed monitoring bird communities on National Park Service lands within the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. Monitoring breeding birds helps park managers protect birds by providing them with information about the current status and long-term trends in bird populations. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative (this document) and 10 standard operating procedures for monitoring breeding birds in Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network parks. The overall goals of the network breeding bird monitoring are (1) to identify signi?cant temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of bird communities that occur on parks during the breeding season and (2) to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the e?ects of management actions (such as prairie restoration or prescribed ?re) on bird populations by examining potential correlations between changes in speci?c habitat variables (e.g., vegetation structure, ground cover) and changes in bird community composition and abundance. This protocol narrative describes the sampling design for breeding birds, including the response design (data collection methods), spatial design (the park and survey plots within a park), and revisit design (timing and frequency of park visits). It also outlines ?eld methods for establishing survey plots, counting birds, and measuring habitat variables. Details can be found in the Standard Operating Procedures, which are listed in this report and available in the NPS DataStore (https://irma.nps.gov). This protocol narrative also summarizes procedures for data management and reporting, personnel and operating requirements, and instructions for how to revise the protocol.
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Dzebo, Adis, e Kevin M. Adams. The coffee supply chain illustrates transboundary climate risks: Insights on governance pathways. Stockholm Environment Institute, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.002.
Abstract (sommario):
The interconnections between countries in a globalizing world continue to deepen and are central to the modern international economy. Yet, governance efforts to build resilience to the adverse risks and impacts of climate change are highly fragmented and have not sufficiently focused on these international dimensions. Relationships between people, ecosystems and economies across borders change the scope and nature of the climate adaptation challenge and generate climate risks that are transboundary (Challinor et al., 2017). Climate impacts in one country can create risks and opportunities – and therefore may require adaptation – in other countries, due to cross-border connectivity within regions and globally (Hedlund et al., 2018). These Transboundary Climate Risks (TCRs) may develop in one location remote from the location of their origin. This dynamic necessitates examining the governance structures for managing climate change adaptation. For example, with regard to trade and international supply chains, climate change impacts in one location can disrupt local economies and vulnerable people’s livelihoods, while also affecting the price, quality and availability of goods and services on international markets (Benzie et al., 2018). Coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world with an immensely globalized supply chain. The global coffee sector involves more than 100 million people in over 80 countries. Coffee production and the livelihoods of smallholder coffee farmers around the world are at risk due to climate change, threatening to disrupt one of the world’s largest agricultural supply chains. The coffee supply chain represents an important arena for public and private actors to negotiate how resource flows should be governed and climate risks should be managed. Currently, neither governments nor private sector actors are sufficiently addressing TCRs (Benzie & Harris, 2020) and no clear mandates exist for actors to take ownership of this issue. Furthermore, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the main body for climate change policy and governance, does not provide any coherent recommendations on how to manage TCRs. This governance gap raises questions about what methods are likely to effectively reduce climate risk and be taken seriously by coffee market stakeholders. This policy brief explores different ways to govern TCRs, and how public and private actors view their effectiveness and legitimacy. Focusing on the Brazilian-German coffee supply chain, the brief presents a deductive framework of five governance pathways through which TCRs could be managed. It is based on 41 semi-structured interviews with 65 Brazilian and German public and private experts, including roasters, traders, cooperatives, associations and certification schemes, as well as government ministries, international development agencies, international organizations and civil society representatives.
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What is an Ecosystem? Building a Living Web. American Museum of Natural History, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0010.
Abstract (sommario):
In this lesson plan designed for primary and secondary school classrooms, students will define and explore the concepts of ecosystems and ecosystem services. They will enact different roles within a forest ecosystem and then map out the network of relationships between them. By the end of this class, students should be able to: 1) define and explain the terms: “ecosystem” and “ecosystem services”, 2) identify the interactions between living and non-living parts of a forest ecosystem, 3) understand the many connections that exist within an ecosystem, using examples from the Solomon Islands, and 4) analyze the effects of human actions on ecosystems and ecosystem services.