Bibliografie tematiche / Ecosystem risks

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Ecosystem risks"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Ecosystem risks":

Dovhan, Zhanna. "Development of banking ecosystems: risks and prospects". INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, n. 5-6 (agosto 2019): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.5-6.22.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is determination of peculiarities of development of financial (banking) ecosystems, and first of all, assessment of threats and opportunities of their creation in domestic practice in the conditions of rapid development of financial technologies. Methodology of research. The theoretical basis of the research is the scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists on the problem under study. The following methods are used in the writing of the article: analysis and synthesis – in the study of foreign and domestic experience of creating ecosystems in banks; settlement and analytical – in the analysis of investments in financial technology; abstract and logical – in substantiation of theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Findings. The problems of banks' activities in the form of ecosystems are investigated, because today the banks are faced with the choice to work according to the traditional scheme or to choose a new way of functioning as an ecosystem, the effectiveness of which depends on the correct choice of innovative business model and platform. The concepts of “portal”, “platform” and “ecosystem” have been delineated and the main components on which the bank's ecosystem should be based are characterized, which will enable the bank to be competitive among other financial and non-financial organizations. The risks and opportunities of banking ecosystems functioning, as well as new key tasks and skills in the field of ecosystem organization, are identified. Originality. It is substantiated that the key competitive advantage of banks is the development of digital ecosystems and the proper positioning of themselves in them, with banks focusing on their three strengths: the use of know-how to present even complex financial products and processes; offers new services in the field of safe storage of money (personal and behavioural data); use of considerable experience in the field of regulation. Practical value. The results of the study can be taken into account by banking institutions, as the new ecosystem puts the end consumer at the first place, which necessitates a redevelopment of their internal processes and services to be more customer-centric in the digital ecosystem. Key words: bank; ecosystem; financial technologies; financial supermarket; FinTech (Financial technology) of the company; bank ecosystem; business model; portal; platform.

Komorin, V. M. "Theoretical and methodological aspects of sea ecosystem risks management". Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, n. 31 (30 giugno 2023): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.31.2023.03.

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In the context of worsening anthropogenic impact, climate change and natural disasters, the problem of managing the sea areas' ecosystem risks is becoming quite important. This research aims at exploring the modern theoretical and methodological aspects of the aforesaid scientific orientation and focuses on the analysis and evaluation of existing concepts and strategies. The article analyses main terms and principles and also presents a conceptual model for managing the sea ecosystem risks that plays a key role in reflecting the main theoretical components and their interrelationships. The model contributes to a better understanding of the structure and characteristics of this theory, emphasizing the complexity of interactions between socio-economic systems and marine ecosystems, as well as the risks arising from such interactions. The main elements of the model include natural and anthropogenic factors and consider their impact on the state of marine ecosystems and the risks associated therewith. The model also focuses on well-being, ecosystem stability and biodiversity, i.e. the parameters determining the status and functionality of marine ecosystems. The research presents a comparative analysis of various methodologies and strategies of ecosystem risks management. The analysis allowed identification of the most effective of them at certain stages of creating an optimum strategy for managing the ecosystem risks. Risk management strategies can be implemented using a variety of tools, such as marine spatial planning, creation of marine protected areas, basic ecosystem management, resource management, and a marine environmental quality management system developed in accordance with the requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Directive. These strategies integrate different approaches to managing the ecosystem risks and contribute to conservation of ecosystems ensuring the marine environment stability. The work made it possible to open up the prospects for further scientific research, namely development of hypotheses in order to increase theoretical knowledge and develop practical recommendations in the field of management of water areas' ecosystem risks. The conclusions of the research are aimed at creating a theoretical and methodological base that will contribute to analyzing and developing effective strategies for managing the water areas' ecosystem risks.

Kirey, Vladimir V. "CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS CAUSED BY CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF NATURAL CAPITAL". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 10/6, n. 139 (2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.10.06.002.

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Many aspects of our economic activity depend on natural capital. The ecosystems that underpin natural capital provide a wide range of ecosystem goods and services that are valued by people. In most cases, however, ecosystem services are "invisible" and not properly considered in decision-making processes, leading to an underestimation of environmental risks. Companies overexploit natural capital assets and ecosystems, at the heart of our natural environment. In most cases, the ecosystem services provided by nature are not adequately taken into account in decision-making processes, resulting in environmental degradation. Awareness of the damage caused by overuse of resources is growing, and there is a growing focus on how the risks associated with ecosystem degradation affect corporate sustainability. Companies don't always adequately consider how their supply chains, operations, and values Businesses depend on and influence natural capital. Corporate strategies for valuing natural capital may not take into account all the benefits and risks generated by the ecosystem because we cannot assume that we have all the information about all ecosystem service flows. The author describes the concept of risks associated with the exploitation of natural capital and describes the mechanisms for assessing the risks of natural capital.

Abakumov, E. V., A. E. Lemyakina, V. O. Titov, A. E. Vashchuk, Yu N. Guzov, I. V. Fedorova, I. A. Blagikh, V. L. Dostov e E. N. Shestakova. "Monetization of the Ecosystem Services of the Russian Arctic and the Assesment of Investitional Risks". Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, n. 9 (1 settembre 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-9-51-57.

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Тhe problems of valuation of ecosystem services in connection with the activation of economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone are discussed. The types of negative impacts on the Arctic ecosystems and their assessment, investment risks existing in ecosystem services are considered. It is shown that the application of the methodology and apparatus of ecosystem services contributes to the adequate assessment and creation of a hierarchical classification of "usefulness" and "benefits" that society can get from the existence, use and nonuse of ecosystems. The concept of ecosystem services in relation to Arctic consists of three components: identification, monetization and ecological risk assessment. The example of the Arctic ecosystems shows that the susceptibility to assessment and the accuracy of the assessment can be quite different and is largely dependent on the type of service in the classification. The analysis of possible ecosystem services and their relationship with the quality of life of people in the Russian Arctic indicates significant investment risks.

Kalenov, Oleg, e Olyeg Dyevyatkin. "The Mechanism for Managing Risks and Crises of Business Ecosystems: Goals, Objectives, Principles of Operation and Identification of Risks". Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 11, n. 2 (12 luglio 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2022-11-2-60-67.

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The paper discusses the nature of the occurrence of risks and defines a list of the main issues of organizing a risk management system for business ecosystems. The authors consider the features of ecosystem risk management, highlighting a number of significant differences from the traditional organization. A description of the place of risk management in the ecosystem is also given, and a description of the basic principles in the field of risk management is given. When defining risk management processes and procedures, the authors substantiate the particular importance of monitoring, which should provide feedback to all processes. In addition, a model of the initial stages of an integrated risk management system is proposed, in which a separate place is given to the process of risk identification. The article presents the author's classification of the risks of the digital ecosystem, and also proposes an approach for compiling a risk register. In conclusion, the importance of the risk management process is emphasized in terms of the functioning, harmonious development and counteraction to crises of the digital ecosystem.

Tittensor, Derek P., Camilla Novaglio, Cheryl S. Harrison, Ryan F. Heneghan, Nicolas Barrier, Daniele Bianchi, Laurent Bopp et al. "Next-generation ensemble projections reveal higher climate risks for marine ecosystems". Nature Climate Change 11, n. 11 (21 ottobre 2021): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01173-9.

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AbstractProjections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation and high-emissions scenarios due to elevated warming, despite greater uncertainty in net primary production in the high-emissions scenario. Regional shifts in the direction of biomass changes highlight the continued and urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change to help support adaptation planning.

Bland, Lucie M., Kate E. Watermeyer, David A. Keith, Emily Nicholson, Tracey J. Regan e Lynne J. Shannon. "Assessing risks to marine ecosystems with indicators, ecosystem models and experts". Biological Conservation 227 (novembre 2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.08.019.

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Crespin, Silvio J., e Javier A. Simonetti. "Predicting ecosystem collapse: Spatial factors that influence risks to tropical ecosystems". Austral Ecology 40, n. 4 (7 gennaio 2015): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12209.

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Knights, Antony M., Gerjan J. Piet, Ruud H. Jongbloed, Jacqueline E. Tamis, Lydia White, Ekin Akoglu, Laura Boicenco et al. "An exposure-effect approach for evaluating ecosystem-wide risks from human activities". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, n. 3 (16 febbraio 2015): 1105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu245.

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Abstract Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is promoted as the solution for sustainable use. An ecosystem-wide assessment methodology is therefore required. In this paper, we present an approach to assess the risk to ecosystem components from human activities common to marine and coastal ecosystems. We build on: (i) a linkage framework that describes how human activities can impact the ecosystem through pressures, and (ii) a qualitative expert judgement assessment of impact chains describing the exposure and sensitivity of ecological components to those activities. Using case study examples applied at European regional sea scale, we evaluate the risk of an adverse ecological impact from current human activities to a suite of ecological components and, once impacted, the time required for recovery to pre-impact conditions should those activities subside. Grouping impact chains by sectors, pressure type, or ecological components enabled impact risks and recovery times to be identified, supporting resource managers in their efforts to prioritize threats for management, identify most at-risk components, and generate time frames for ecosystem recovery.

Chernov, V. A. "Ecosystem Changes in the Structure of Socio-Economic Relations". World of new economy 16, n. 3 (13 ottobre 2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-3-113-124.

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The methodological base of the research includes the theoretical foundations of cluster structure, structural integration of ecosystems, the network method of their coordination, platform interaction, global reporting initiative (GRI), international and domestic regulations in the field of sustainable development, scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors. The article proposes clarifications of individual formulations in the definition of ecosystems and conducts their classification: bionomic, industrial ecosystem, business ecosystem, business, innovative ecosystem. The evolution of the definition of “ecosystem” is investigated, in which its qualitatively new stage in the global concept of sustainable development is revealed. The formulation of the ecosystem of sustainable development as the intellectual coordination core of the innovation ecosystem is derived. The concepts of capital components of the new economic formation of “accessism” are introduced. The risks and threats of economic, legal, and state security in the formation of the access economy are investigated. A model of integration of components has been developed: economic, social, environmental, infrastructural elements and directions. The directions of creating new organizational forms of interaction in the ecosystem with the participation of state technology (Gostech) are proposed. Recommendations are given to counter threats and risks caused by ecosystem changes in the structure of socio-economic relations that have historical significance.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Ecosystem risks":

Горобченко, Тетяна Вікторівна, Татьяна Викторовна Горобченко, Tetiana Viktorivna Horobchenko, Денис Володимирович Горобченко, Денис Владимирович Горобченко, Denys Volodymyrovych Horobchenko e O. Kirichenko. "Business risks and opportunities in the management of ecosystem services". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45280.

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Issues connected with value of ecosystems got wide discussions during recent years in context of its goods and services providing, but also improving social and economic welfare. From an economic point of view, ecosystems provide economic agents with significant advantages, or socalled "ecosystem services". For example, forests provide raw materials for wood processing industry, genetic resources give materials for breeding and genetic engineering, rivers provide freshwater for household needs, and wetlands reduce the impact of flooding and enable the development of commercial fisheries. Therefore, the degradation of ecosystems entails not only a number of risks for business activities, but will also jeopardize the position of economic agents in the market.

Bergström, Alexander, e Anton Karlson. "Risk management in a business ecosystem". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74730.

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Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to advance the understanding of risk exposure and management for different roles in business ecosystems. The following research questions have been derived to fulfill this purpose: RQ1: Which risks are different business ecosystem roles exposed to, and in what way? RQ2: How can business ecosystem actors mitigate risks? Method – A single case study has been conducted on a business ecosystem surrounding the development of autonomous cars in the EU. An abductive and qualitative approach has been applied, which allowed the combination of existing literature and new empirical findings as to the foundation for building new theory. Data was collected through 21 semi-structured interviews and analyzed through comparison between codes on risks, roles, and risk mitigation strategies. Findings – The already existing literature on business ecosystem risks was confirmed and nuanced. On top of this, two new risks were found, disintermediation risk (the risk of being fully or partially excluded from the ecosystem) and accountability risk (the risk of being responsible for other business ecosystem actors output to a third party). The findings also declare that risks vary between actors, but also due to other factors such as investment in the ecosystem and an actor's relative size to other actors. Finally, suggested risk response strategies for each risk were derived. Theoretical implications - We have contributed to the literature on risks within business ecosystems by adding two new risks: disintermediation risk and accountability risk. We have also contributed to the overall literature on business ecosystems by combining the two sub-streams risks in business ecosystems and roles in business ecosystems. In addition to the theoretical implications for the business ecosystem literature, we have contributed to the risk management literature by applying it in the new context of business ecosystemsto extend the applicability of the risk management literature. Practical implications - Our findings shed light on how risks are distributed between different roles and can therefore provide guidance in this issue. The current study also contributes to the understanding of how risks vary with respect to other factors than roles, which could be valuable knowledge for managers. Finally, practical guidance on how risks can be mitigated is presented which is valuable for any actor in a Business ecosystem.

Rodrigues, Ariane de Almeida. "Cerrado national parks beyond biodiversity conservation : cultural ecosystem services and environmental risks". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31938.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, 2017.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
As zonas de amortecimento no entorno de unidades de conservação podem minimizar os impactos antrópicos negativos e estimular o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Por outro lado, o uso da terra nessas zonas pode potencialmente deteriorar os processos ecológicos e a conservação da biodiversidade dentro da área protegida. Neste estudo, abordamos a interação homem-ambiente nas zonas de amortecimento de 13 Parques Nacionais do Cerrado Brasileiro, sob dupla perspectiva: como ecossistemas vulneráveis sob intensa pressão de conversão do uso da terra e como importantes fontes de serviços que sustentam o bem-estar humano. Foram realizadas duas análises. A primeira teve como objetivo apontar oportunidades para expandir e complementar as atrações turísticas em torno de oito Parques Nacionais abertos para visitação, aproveitando suas vistas panorâmicas. Os métodos foram baseados em atributos biofísicos derivados de sensoriamento remoto, três categorias principais relacionadas à qualidade visual e ecológica e seis indicadores. Os resultados identificaram perfis para os parques selecionados, relacionando suas características biofísicas com seu principal potencial turístico. As topografias mais acidentadas, em geral, foram associadas a maior amplitude de escala visual e complexidade, enquanto topografias planas favorecem serviços recreativos relacionados à água. A segunda análise investigou áreas protegidas mais sensíveis a distúrbios de mudanças do uso e cobertura do solo transportadas por fluxos hidrológicos. A partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto, foram identificados três fatores que influenciam a sensibilidade ambiental, abrangendo características naturais pedológicas e hidrológicas, bem como medidas de exposição à conversão do uso e cobertura do solo na zona de amortecimento. Os resultados revelaram três grupos de parques a serem priorizados para aplicação de medidas de mitigação e prevenção. O grupo classificado como de alto risco sustenta altas taxas de conversão em suas zonas de amortecimento e outras características que agravam os impactos potenciais. O grupo classificado como de alto uso da terra mostrou as maiores taxas de conversão em suas zonas de amortecimento e também deveria ser priorizado para manejo adaptativo. Outro grupo de parques exibiu grande sensibilidade a perturbações nos fluxos hidrológicos e deveria ser direcionado para prevenção de mudanças de cobertura e uso da terra na zona de amortecimento. Embora o estudo tenha focado em Parques Nacionais localizados no Cerrado brasileiro, a área de estudo é representativa de ecossistemas tropicais com relevante riqueza de espécies e alta pressão de conversão do uso da terra.
Buffer zones around protected areas can minimize negative human impacts and stimulate the sustainable use of natural resources. Conversely, land-use in these zones can potentially deteriorate ecological processes and biodiversity conservation inside the area under protection. In this study, we address human-environment interaction in the buffer zones of 13 Brazilian Cerrado National Parks, with a twofold perspective: as vulnerable ecosystems under land-use change pressure, and as important sources of services that sustain human wellbeing. Two analyses were conducted. The first one was aimed at revealing opportunities to expand and complement the touristic attractions around eight Cerrado National Parks opened for visitation, by taking advantage of their scenic views. The methods were based on remote sensing derived landscape biophysical attributes, three key categories related to visual and ecological qualities and six indicators. Results identified profiles of the selected parks, relating their biophysical characteristics to their main touristic potential. Strong hilly topographies, in general, were associated with wide visual scale and high complexity while flat topographies favored water related recreational services. The second analysis investigated protected areas more sensitive to land use and land cover change disturbances carried by hydrologic flows. Three factors that influence natural areas sensitivity, encompassing soil and hydrologic natural characteristics, and measures of exposure from land use and land cover change in the buffer zone were obtained from remote sensing data. The results revealed three groups of parks to be targeted for prevention and mitigation measures. The group classified as high risk sustains high rates of conversion in their buffer zones and additional characteristics that aggravate potential impacts. The group classified as high land-use exhibited the highest rates of conversion in their buffer zones, and should also be prioritized for adaptive management. Another group of parks exhibited high sensitivity to disturbances from hydrologic flows and should be targeted for prevention of land use and land cover change in the buffer zone. Although our research focused on National Parks located in the Brazilian Cerrado, the studied area is representative of tropical ecosystems with relevant specie richness and high land use conversion pressure.

Jacobsson, Andreas. "Exploring Privacy Risks in Information Networks". Licentiate thesis, Ronneby : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2004. http://www.bth.se/fou/Forskinfo.nsf/allfirst2/80533d43ac292724c125707f003aafbd?OpenDocument.

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Medvedeva, O. A., O. V. Cherkasova, Віталій Анатолійович Омельяненко, Виталий Анатольевич Омельяненко e Vitalii Anatoliiovych Omelianenko. "The analysis of the theoretical foundations of the role of banks in the ecosystem of innovation: risks and opportunities". Thesis, Publishing Center "Gravis", 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44496.

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В статье рассмотрена роль банковской системы в процессе формирования экосистемы инноваций. Проанализировано место банков в экосистеме инноваций «тропического леса». Предложены направления повышения инновационной роли банков и минимизации инновационных рисков путем интеграции с инновационной инфраструктурой. Произведен анализ механизмов поддержки инноваций банками на примере Литвы и Канады.
In this paper the role of the banking system in the process of innovation ecosystem is considered. Place of banks in the "rainforest" innovation ecosystem is analyzed. Innovative ways of increasing the role of banks and minimize the risks of innovation by integrating with an innovative infrastructure is offered. Analysis of the mechanisms to support innovation by banks in Lithuania and Canada is produced.

Scherer, Kátia Ragnini. "A função do direito na fase da reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6468.

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A tese tem como tema a função do Direito na reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos. A delimitação centra-se na função do Direito no estágio da reconstrução pós-desastre. O problema proposto consiste em saber: sob quais condições a policontexturalidade dos SE instrumentaliza a função do Direito na reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos? O objetivo geral é analisar reflexivamente as possibilidades de observação do Direito em relação à policontexturalidade dos SE e a gestão circular do Direito para a reconstrução resiliente no pós-desastre. A estrutura do trabalho está construída de modo que cada capítulo acompanhe cada objetivo específico, sendo estes: a) examinar como o Direito observa os riscos climáticos para estabelecer os fundamentos da gestão pelo Direito; b) abordar a gestão cíclica dos desastres climáticos e sua assimilação pelo contexto jurídico nacional e; c) analisar reflexivamente a instrumentalidade policontextural dos SE e sua aderência ao estágio da reconstrução, por meio da diferenciação funcional para prevenção das catástrofes climáticas. O método de abordagem é o sistêmico funcional, o de procedimento é o monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa é a bibliográfica. A pesquisa confirma a hipótese no sentido de que na reconstrução resiliente os serviços ecossistêmicos devem ser assimilados pelo Direito a partir de elementos oriundos de múltiplos contextos com o da Ciência, da Política e da Economia. Tal assimilação, por sua vez, deve operar de forma recíproca pelas organizações nos processos de avaliação, monitoramento e estruturação das decisões jurídicas de curto e de longo prazos, considerando que o contexto jurídico nacional inclui a prevenção como força motriz no tratamento dos desastres pela abordagem sistêmica de ações (prevenção, mitigação, preparação, resposta e recuperação) e pela integratividade de políticas públicas. Assim é possível uma evolução para assimilação da infraestrutura natural oferecida pelos serviços ecossistêmicos com a diferenciação funcional para a prevenção e a precaução no enfrentamento aos desastres climáticos.
The thesis takes the theme of the function of Right in the reconstruction identified by the circular gestion of climatic disasters. Its limits center on the function of Law at the time of reconstruction post-disaster. The proposed problem consists in knowing: under what conditions are Ecosystem Services polycontexturality instrument for circular management of climatic disasters through Right, separated from the reconstruction stage? The general goal is to analyze reflexively the observation possibilities of Law in relation of the polycontexturality of ecosystem services and the circular management of Law for resilient reconstruction after the disaster. The structure of work is built so that every chapter follows his specific goals, which are: a) to examine how Law studies climatic risks to establish the fundamentals of Law management; b) approach the cyclic management of climatic disasters and their assimilation by the national legal context and; c) analyze reflexively the polycontexturality instrumentality of the ES and its adherence to the stage of reconstruction through the functional changes to prevent climatic disasters. The approach method is the systemic functional one, the proceeding is the monographic one and the research is bibliographic. The research confirms the hypothesis in the sense that in a resilient reconstitution, ecosystem services must be assimilated by Law, starting from elements coming from multiple contexts with Science of Politics and Economy. Such assimilation must operate reciprocally by the organizations through processes of evaluation, monitoring and structuring of legal decisions in the long and short terms, considering the national legal context and including prevention as the driving force in the treatment of disasters through systemic actions of approach (prevention, mitigation, preparation, response and recovery) and through the integration of public policies. This way, an evolution is possible to assimilate the natural infraestracture offered by ecossistemic services with function diferences for prevention and the precaution in face of climatic disasters.

Biboutou, Armel. "Dynamiques d'urbanisation et risques écosystemiques dans la région de Libreville (Gabon)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7047.

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Depuis sa création en 1849, Libreville a connu une urbanisation non planifiée et non coordonnée. Au fil des décennies, cette urbanisation anarchique s'accompagne de déséquilibres environnementaux et soumet les citadins à de nombreux risques écosystémiques. L'urbanisation anarchique, son univers de production et les risques écosystémiques engendrés sont l'objet de cette recherche. Des questions peu abordées au Gabon sont soulevées : comment, par qui et pourquoi l'urbanisation anarchique est-elle produite ? Que révèle cette forme de production de la ville ? Dans quelle mesure la production de l'urbanisation anarchique contribue-t-elle à l'accroissement des risques écosystémiques ? Les réponses sont formulées suivant quatre axes. Dans un premier axe les changements d'occupation des sols dans la ville ont été identifiés, caractérisés et analysés. Les outils de télédétection et SIG utilisés ont permis de produire des cartes d'occupation des sols et des cartes de risques. Un deuxième axe étudie les relations nature-société à Libreville, et met en évidence les perceptions de la ville et de la nature, tout en identifiant les bienfaits que tirent les populations de la nature, et les risques écosystémiques auxquels la population est exposée. Le processus d'urbanisation en cours à Libreville a été caractérisé et analysé dans un troisième axe. Ces deux derniers axes s'appuient sur l'enquête de terrain par entretiens semi-directifs, les récits de vie recueillis auprès des populations et des acteurs locaux. Dans le quatrième axe, un regard prospectif a été porté sur Libreville à l'aide des cartes de simulation de l'occupation des sols. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent une expansion rapide, importante et déstructurée de l'emprise urbaine de Libreville et ses environs, accompagnée d'une déforestation importante de la région, principalement au nord. La dynamique observée dans la ville est le résultat d'un cercle vicieux : occupation anarchique des sols, accès à la terre de gré à gré, spéculation foncière, absence de contrôle foncier par l'État et laisser-faire, etc. Ces résultats montrent une perception généralisée de la dégradation de la nature et des pratiques de conservation et de protection, tant des citadins que des décideurs, une réduction de la biodiversité et témoignent de conflits citadins-nature. La dégradation et l'importante déforestation des mangroves et la construction des maisons sont les principales causes avancées par les enquêtés. Ainsi, les changements d'occupation des sols, et les impacts sur la nature, conduisent à l'augmentation des risques écosystémiques d'inondation et d'érosion côtière, perçus différemment selon l'âge, la localisation, le statut professionnel, etc. L'érosion continentale est très peu perçue comme un risque ou un problème, en dépit des résultats cartographiques montrant des zones exposées. En tant que coproduction des populations et des acteurs locaux, les divers acteurs trouvent un intérêt à l'urbanisation non-contrôlée. Des routines structurent la coproduction de l'espace : des campements précaires, des routes et pistes ouvrent la voie à l'urbanisation et la déforestation, etc. Une absence de synergie, des conflits de compétences, une décentralisation insuffisante, une gabegie financière et une politique à outrance marquent également cette urbanisation anarchique. Dans un scénario de laisser-faire, la modélisation prospective de l'occupation des sols montre, une réduction importante de la végétation dense dans les espaces protégés. Dans un schéma de contrôle, en revanche, elle montre une conservation de la quasi-totalité des zones protégées. Ces situations, qui renseignent sur l'avenir de Libreville, posent des questions sur la gouvernance urbaine et environnementale au Gabon. Alors, est faite une tentative d'analyse des possibilités de changement en s'appuyant sur des modèles de villes en Afrique et dans le monde, tant sur les aspects urbains qu'environnementaux
Since its creation in 1849, Libreville has experienced unplanned and uncoordinated urbanisation. Over the decades, this anarchic urbanisation has been accompanied by environmental imbalances and has subjected city dwellers to numerous ecosystem risks. This research focuses on anarchic urbanisation, its production universe and the resulting ecosystem risks. Questions that are not often addressed in Gabon are raised: how, by whom and why is anarchic urbanisation produced? What does this form of urban production reveal? To what extent does the production of anarchic urbanisation contribute to the increase in ecosystem risks? The answers are formulated along four lines. In the first axis, land use changes in the city were identified, characterised and analysed. Remote sensing and GIS tools were used to produce land use maps and risk maps. A second axis studies nature-society relations in Libreville, and highlights the perceptions of the city and nature, while identifying the benefits that the population derives from nature, and the ecosystemic risks to which the population is exposed. The urbanisation process underway in Libreville was characterised and analysed in a third axis. These last two axes are based on fieldwork using semi-directive interviews and life stories collected from local populations and actors. In the fourth section, a prospective view of Libreville was taken using land-use simulation maps. The results of this research show a rapid, significant and unstructured expansion of the urban area of Libreville and its surroundings, accompanied by significant deforestation of the region, mainly in the north. The dynamics observed in the city are the result of a vicious circle: anarchic land occupation, access to land by mutual agreement, land speculation, lack of land control by the state and laissez-faire, etc. These results show a widespread perception of nature degradation and conservation and protection practices by both city dwellers and decision-makers, a reduction in biodiversity and evidence of city-nature conflicts. The degradation and extensive deforestation of mangroves and the construction of houses are the main causes put forward by the respondents. Thus, changes in land use and impacts on nature lead to an increase in the ecosystem risks of flooding and coastal erosion, which are perceived differently according to age, location, professional status, etc. Continental erosion is very little perceived as a risk or a problem, despite mapping results showing exposed areas. As a co-production of local populations and actors, the various actors find an interest in uncontrolled urbanisation. Routines structure the co-production of space: precarious settlements, roads and tracks pave the way for urbanisation and deforestation, etc. A lack of synergy, conflicts of competence, insufficient decentralisation, financial mismanagement and excessive politics also mark this anarchic urbanisation. In a laissez-faire scenario, prospective land-use modelling shows a significant reduction in dense vegetation in protected areas. In a control scenario, on the other hand, it shows a conservation of almost all the protected areas. These situations, which provide information on the future of Libreville, raise questions about urban and environmental governance in Gabon. An attempt is therefore made to analyse the possibilities for change based on models of cities in Africa and the world, both on urban and environmental aspects

Infante, Maria Cristina. "Building an ecosystem services value at risk conceptual framework for sustainability, efficiency and fairness in resource management : starting values from marine ecosystems". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46587.

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The primary research problem addressed in this thesis is the development of a conceptual framework for a novel ecological economics risk measure called “ecosystem services value at risk” to guide sustainability, efficiency and fairness in the human use of natural ecosystems. Ecosystem services value at risk integrates ecosystem services valuation with financial value at risk to provide an estimate of a “worst likely loss” in ecosystem services under alternative policies. This new approach estimates the uncertainty around ecosystem services values from human activities. By framing the risk to ecosystem services in terms of loss, this risk measure conveys a more powerful message about the need to protect nature. The core elements of an ecosystem services value at risk framework are: ecosystem services valuation; total economic value; stochastic ecological resource use models; financial value at risk; intergenerational discounting; society’s time frame for evaluation; and decision rules. This research is multidisciplinary, drawing insights from ecological economics, finance, fisheries economics, ecological modeling and decision analysis. Ecosystem services value at risk is illustrated with marine examples, which are timely and critical. Marine ecosystems, which provide valuable and essential benefits to humankind, are being severely altered all over the world from overfishing, climate change, marine pollution and habitat destruction. The risk measure is shown to be meaningful by applying a stochastic Schaefer surplus production model to a well-studied marine example, Namibian hake. A case study of the collapsed Georges Bank yellowtail flounder further demonstrates its usefulness to marine policy evaluation. A simple risk measure based on the market values of catch provisioning services leads to selecting conservative harvest policies, ruling out high levels of fishing intensity. The non-market values of a second type of ecosystem service, the regulating services from conserved biomass, are next considered. Both values provide a distribution for a lower bound estimate of the ecosystem services value at risk for the marine ecosystem. Including regulating services allows even more precautionary strategies that favor conservation. The ecosystem services value at risk framework thus supports sustainability and ecosystem resilience, promising to help protect the flow of benefits from nature for current and future generations.

Schneider, Christof [Verfasser]. "River ecosystems at risk / Christof Schneider". Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081459093/34.

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Ravindranath, Darshini. "Confronting land degradation and climate risks in dryland agro-ecosystems". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046854/.

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Drylands cover nearly half of the earth’s terrestrial surface and are home to unique ecosystems and vibrant cultures. Dryland communities face various challenges of living in the harsh and variable conditions presented by their environment and landscapes. These challenges are magnified in the arid landscapes of India, where agriculture is largely rain-fed and human and livestock population densities are some of the largest in the world. Communities and landscapes in arid India are exceptionally vulnerable due to intensifying dryland degradation, increasing rainfall variability along with climate change. This thesis contributes to a critical research area by developing and applying a methodological framework centred on ‘vulnerability’ for investigating dryland degradation in India’s arid landscapes. Dryland degradation is studied as a synthesis of the complex interactions between socio-ecological system functions within inherently dynamic environments. The empirical basis for the study is the use of mixed methods incorporating primary and secondary data, enriched by community perspectives. The study provides new insights through findings on the interactions between land use, land degradation, and climate risks. It addresses gaps in drylands research, especially in the development of a context specific vulnerability framework for drylands. It, furthermore, uses this framework to provide recommendations to confront dryland degradation while planning for effective adaptation. Overall, the analysis finds that the dominant narrative in India - of poor farmers in the Thar desert struggling to cope with drought, in need of protection from their natural environment – to be fundamentally misplaced. However, as their land becomes increasingly degraded and their surrounding climate less predictable, their socio-cultural systems and institutions become less resilient. As a result, arid zone farmers are now more likely to turn to strategies that aim for short-term solutions, which may only exacerbate vulnerability and land degradation in the longer term.

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Libri sul tema "Ecosystem risks":

1946-, Flint R. Warren, e Vena John, a cura di. Human health risks from chemical exposure: The Great Lakes ecosystem. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, 1991.

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Aitken, Stephen. Ecosystems at risk. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2013.

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India) 4 Days International Training Programme on "Ecosystem Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR)" (2011 New Delhi. Ecosystem approach to disaster risk reduction. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Disaster Management, 2012.

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Meeting, Parks Research Forum of Ontario and Carolinian Canada Coalition. Protected areas and species and ecosystems at risk: Research and planning challenges : parks and protected areas research in Ontario, 2005. Waterloo, Ont: Parks Research Forum of Ontario, 2006.

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M, Scow Kate, a cura di. Integrated assessment of ecosystem health. Boca Raton [Fla.]: Lewis Publishers, 2000.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Ecological Processes and Effects Committee. Ecosystem management: Imperative for a dynamic world. Washington, DC: Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Renaud, Fabrice G., Karen Sudmeier-Rieux, Marisol Estrella e Udo Nehren, a cura di. Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation in Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43633-3.

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Chris, Geron, Sewell Guy W, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development. e National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.), a cura di. Risk management research plan for ecosystem restoration in watersheds. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1997.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Tucson Field Office., a cura di. Muleshoe Ecosystem Management Plan and environmental assessment. Tucson, AZ (12661 E. Broadway, Tucson 85748): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Arizona State Office, Tucson Field Office, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Ecosystem risks":

Schröter, Barbara, Claas Meyer, Carsten Mann e Claudia Sattler. "Societal Response, Governance, and Managing Ecosystem Service Risks". In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 327–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_50.

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Parmar, Shobhika, Vijay Kumar Sharma e Vir Singh. "Ecological Risks and Environmental Fate of Microplastic Pollution". In Microplastics in Marine Ecosystem, 45–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003312086-3.

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Apitz, S. E. "Conceptual Frameworks To Balance Ecosystem And Security Goals". In Managing Critical Infrastructure Risks, 147–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6385-5_9.

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Griebler, Christian, Maria Avramov e Grant Hose. "Groundwater Ecosystems and Their Services: Current Status and Potential Risks". In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 197–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_31.

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Haase, Dagmar, Annegret Haase, Dieter Rink e Justus Quanz. "Shrinking Cities and Ecosystem Services: Opportunities, Planning, Challenges, and Risks". In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 271–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_42.

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Schröter-Schlaack, Christoph, e Bernd Hansjürgens. "Governance Risks in Designing Policy Responses to Manage Ecosystem Services". In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 315–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_48.

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Václavík, Tomáš, Sven Lautenbach, Tobias Kuemmerle e Ralf Seppelt. "Mapping Land System Archetypes to Understand Drivers of Ecosystem Service Risks". In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 69–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_12.

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Da, Liang Jun, e Xue Yan Guo. "Ecosystem Restoration Using the Near-Natural Method in Shanghai". In Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks, 203–21. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54804-1_17.

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Förster, Johannes, Elizabeth Mcleod, Mae M. Bruton-Adams e Heidi Wittmer. "Climate Change Impacts on Small Island States: Ecosystem Services Risks and Opportunities". In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 353–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_54.

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Bell, J. Gordon, e Rune Waagbø. "Safe and Nutritious Aquaculture Produce: Benefits and Risks of Alternative Sustainable Aquafeeds". In Aquaculture in the Ecosystem, 185–225. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6810-2_6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Ecosystem risks":

Almeida, Luciana, Cleidson Souza, Adailton Lima e Rodrigo Reis. "A Case Study on the Usage of the Value Blueprint for Ecosystem Design". In XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2015.5847.

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Ecosystems are an important aspect of today’s software business. Different companies aim to create an ecosystem around their products so that they can benefit from this. Unfortunately, creating such ecosystems is not an easy task. One of the few tools that can be used to facilitate this process is Adner’s Value Blueprint. This tool allows a company to identify the different types of risks that it faces during the establishment of an ecosystem. Adner presents several examples of blueprints he has built and provides some guidelines to create new ones. Given the potential of the approach in addressing some of the issues faced by ecosystem designers, we decided to assess the usage of the Value Blueprint through a case study using data from the Apple Watch ecosystem. We report our results from the Apple ecosystem, and more importantly, our evaluation of the value blueprint tool. We conclude by providing recommendations for practitioners interested in establishing their own ecosystems and researchers interested in the design of ecosystems.

Pandey, Ayoni, Nivedita Rai, Shivendra Mani Tripathi e Sudhanshu Mishra. "Pharmaceutical Waste: Risks & Challenges Faced by Aquatic Ecosystem". In International Conference on Frontiers in Desalination, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences for Sustainable Development & Annual Congress of InDA. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.161.17.

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Pharmaceutical industries are experiencing a steady increase in both their numbers and demands, leading to a significant rise in the amount of waste they generate. This waste comprises various components such as organic compounds, excipients, and plastic containers. Unfortunately, a major portion of this waste is discharged into aquatic bodies through pipes, eventually reaching canal systems and ultimately the seas. This practice poses a severe threat to aquatic life, as it significantly impacts their habitat in a hazardous manner. One of the primary deleterious effects caused by pharmaceutical waste discharge is the elevation of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the affected aquatic areas. This increase in BOD results in reduced oxygen availability for aquatic creatures, leading to mortality and ultimately causing a disruption in the natural balance of the ecosystem. Moreover, the accumulation of organic compounds from pharmaceutical waste leads to eutrophication, which accelerates the aging process of lakes, ultimately converting them into land. Another harmful consequence is biomagnification, wherein the concentration of toxicants increases as they move up the food chain through successive trophic levels. The continuous contamination of aquatic ecosystems by industrial waste is exacerbating the degradation of these fragile environments. However, the growing recognition of this issue has prompted research and implementation of various water treatment methods. These methods aim to mitigate the degradation rate and protect aquatic ecosystems from further harm. By employing advanced treatment techniques, it is possible to reduce the negative impact of pharmaceutical waste discharge and preserve the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Efforts must be made to raise awareness among pharmaceutical industries about the importance of responsible waste management. By adopting sustainable practices and investing in environmentally friendly technologies, such as improved waste disposal systems and more efficient water treatment methods, the industry can significantly reduce its ecological footprint. Collaboration between regulatory bodies, environmental organizations, and pharmaceutical companies is essential to address this pressing issue effectively. With concerted efforts and a collective commitment to environmental stewardship, it is possible to mitigate the detrimental effects of pharmaceutical waste on aquatic ecosystems and safeguard the future of our planet's delicate aquatic habitats.

Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova e Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93942cc882.47943475.

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Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.

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Sibirtsova, Elena, Elena Sibirtsova, Yuriy Tokarev, Yuriy Tokarev, Igor Chuprina e Igor Chuprina. "THE SHIPPING INTENSIFICATION IMPACT ON THE BLACK SEA ECOSYSTEM". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b938c405480.03274725.

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Kenichi, Nakagami, Nakagami Kenichi, Obata Norio, Obata Norio, Takao Katsuk, Takao Katsuk, Uehara Takuro et al. "THE INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b940eabcee2.02638693.

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The Japanese term “Satoumi” inspires us to pursue sound coastal zone governance by taking sustainable development into consideration with “Establishment of Sato-umi in the coastal sea”. The popular ICZM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) shows us the potential approach toward a coastal area with harmonious interaction between human-being and natural environment. Seto Inland Sea which has undergone serious environmental degradation and anthropogenic changes. In order to recover and sustain its unparalleled values, rebuilding a sound environmental policy system from top to bottom is highly required. The ecosystem services and their monetary values are also estimated buy CVM necessary for sustainability assessment, due to their powerful roles in representing human-coastal zone relationship and supporting sustainability of a “Satoumi” system. The sustainability assessment framework for Seto Inland Sea, which consists of Inclusive Wealth, “Satoumi”, and ecosystem service approach was developed.

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Darlin, Michael, Georgios Palaiokrassas e Leandros Tassiulas. "Debt-Financed Collateral and Stability Risks in the DeFi Ecosystem". In 2022 4th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/brains55737.2022.9909090.

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Roy, Joyashree, Joyashree Roy, Satabdi Datta, Satabdi Datta, Preeti Kapuria, Preeti Kapuria, Indrila Guha et al. "COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AND CHANGING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9499474bf5.93776083.

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The wide variety of economic activities, which prevail along the coasts, has either direct or indirect connectivity with the coastal ecosystems through its provisioning of a diverse range of goods and services. However, these systems are permanently under pressure due to natural and anthropogenic threats. This field based study documents the changing pattern of economic activities along selected coastal stretches in South Asia at Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. Economic activities vary with coastal ecosystem types and service flows there from. Field study sites were identified based on multiple meetings and discussions with the policy makers in each of the countries and they continued to be the part of scientific discussions within ecology-economy framework through the project lifetime. In depth enquiry and analysis were carried out to understand perception of various economic stakeholder groups to natural and anthropogenic threats in the coastal regions and resultant vulnerability and risks. Often threats get intensified by rapid urbanization triggered by changing pattern of coastal economy due to tourism expansion and modernization of traditional activities.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Ecosystem risks":

Lipton, Douglas, Shawn L. Carter, Jay Peterson, Lisa G. Crozier, Michael Fogarty, Sarah Gaichas, Kimberly J. W. Hyde et al. Chapter 7 : Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/nca4.2018.ch7.

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Hart, Lucy. Understanding platform businesses in the food ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.puh821.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is responsible for public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It makes sure that people can trust that the food they buy and eat is safe and is what it says it is. As part of this responsibility, the FSA works to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. As well as any new or magnified risks from which consumers should be protected. One area that has evolved rapidly is that of digital platforms in the food and drink industry. Consumers are increasingly purchasing food via third party intermediaries, known as ‘aggregators’, from a range of vendors. Digital platforms remain a relatively new concept, with many launching in the past decade. As such, there has been a knowledge gap in government about how these platforms work and how they impact the landscape in which they operate.

Adelekan, Ibidun, Anton Cartwright, Winston Chow, Sarah Colenbrander, Richard Dawson, Matthias Garschagen, Marjolijn Haasnoot et al. Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv209.2022.

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The second volume in the Summary for Urban Policymakers (SUP) series, Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, offers a concise and accessible distillation of the IPCC Working Group II Report. Cities are places of high risks from climate change, resulting from the interaction of climate change hazards, the exposure of infrastructure, people and ecosystems, the vulnerability of exposed elements and communities, and the negative or unintended effects of responses to climate change to people and ecosystems. This report assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of different adaptation options but highlights that adaptation has limits and can even lead to maladaptation, triggering unintended effects which increase risk, emissions and lock-ins. It synthesises the latest evidence on the necessary urban-led transformation, as well as evidence on operationalizing the five simultaneous system transitions across land, coastal, ocean and freshwater ecosystems; cities, regions, and infrastructure; energy and industrial systems, accelerated by societal choices. Cities and urban areas have a critical role to play in the climate resilient development needed to meet goals of climate change, human wellbeing, and ecosystem health challenges.

Narvaez, Liliana, Zita Sebesvari e Jack O'Connor. Technical Report: Accelerating extinctions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/zqfy4171.

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Extinction often proceeds slowly over thousands to millions of years, but through intense human activities, we have put our foot on the extinction accelerator. The current rate of species extinction is at least tens to hundreds of times higher than natural background rates due to human with drastic consequences for all life on our planet. Recent studies also suggest that extinctions could cascade through ecological dependencies between species in an ecosystem, setting off waves of secondary extinctions and amplifying the effects of environmental degradation. As ecosystems are built on intricate networks of connections between different species, the real impact of extinction may be much greater than we realize. This technical background report for the 2023 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the accelerating extinctions risk tipping point our world is facing through an analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.

Herrera, Diego, Walter Pereira, Ludmila Volochen e Ana María Zárate Moreno. Open Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Great Opportunities, Large Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004937.

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This document is a comprehensive study of open finance, its context, and its value for the financial system in Latin America and the Caribbean. It also delves into the intricacies of the open finance ecosystem and analyzes its risks and opportunities. The document describes the status of the development of open finance in the region and discusses the challenges faced in implementing the ecosystem there. Finally, this text guides financial regulators and supervisors, considering international best practices and regional distinctions. This document examines how the regulatory framework can contribute to handing power over data to financial consumers, allowing them to obtain better conditions for accessing and using financial products with security and efficiency. These conditions translate into facilitating access to the financial market for financially excluded consumers, reducing the prices for financial services among those already served, and facilitating portability or switching between providers. A study of the region highlights the benefits of open finance, such as increased competition, greater financial inclusion, and reduced entry barriers for consumers, but also acknowledges the risks, including cybersecurity and consumer-protection risks. The document emphasizes the need for robust data-protection regulations, consumer safeguards, and technological infrastructure to establish a sustainable and secure open finance ecosystem. The objective is to understand open finance, its role in the modern financial landscape, and its potential benefits and challenges. This document also aims to establish principles for a specific regulatory framework that facilitates the development of open finance in the region. This research is a collaborative effort between the Financial Data and Technology Association and the Inter-American Development Bank through its FintechLAC initiative.

Flagg, Melissa, e Paul Harris. System Re-engineering: A New Policy Framework for the American R&D System in a Changed World. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, settembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200050.

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The United States must adopt a new approach to R&D policy to optimize the diversity of the current system, manage the risks of system dispersion and deliver the benefits of R&D to society. This policy brief provides a new framework for understanding the U.S. R&D ecosystem and recommendations for repositioning the role of the federal government in R&D.

Harris, Aubrey, Nathan Richards e S. McKay. Defining levels of effort for ecological models. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47642.

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While models are useful tools for decision-making in environmental management, the question arises about the level of effort required to develop an effective model for a given application. In some cases, it is unclear whether more analysis would lead to choosing a better course of action. This technical note (TN) examines the role of ecological model complexity in ecosystem management. First, model complexity is examined through the lens of risk informed planning. Second, a framework is presented for categorizing five different levels of effort that range from conceptual models to detailed predictive tools. This framework is proposed to enhance communication and provide consistency in ecological modeling applications. Third, the level of effort framework is applied to a set of models in the Middle Rio Grande River system to demonstrate the framework’s utility and application. Ultimately, this TN seeks to guide planners in determining an appropriate level of effort relative to risks associated with uncertainty and resource availability for a given application.

Eberle, Caitlyn, e Oscar Higuera Roa. Technical Report: Mediterranean wildfires. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/vceb1752.

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In summer 2021, drought and low humidity combined with record-breaking heat of up to 48.8°C (119.8°F) led to fire outbreaks across the Mediterranean countries, killing more than 100 people and burning more than 620,000 ha of land in July and August. As forests are often fiercely protected areas, the common approach to wildfire management in the Mediterranean is to extinguish every fire as it appears, but counterintuitively this supports the formation of “mega-fires” that burn beyond our capacity to control. Fires are not yet seen as integral to ecosystem functioning, and the management of fires and fires are often disconnected. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Mediterranean wildfires through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.

Jodha, N. S. Global Changes And Environmental Risks In Mountain Ecosystems. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.113.

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