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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Economies of scales"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 15 febbraio 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Economies of scales"

1

McKenney, Dan. "Economies of scale for a national research organization: Looking for opportunities beyond the nose hairs on bears". Forestry Chronicle 77, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2001): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77860-5.

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Some scientists study nose hairs on bears. There is nothing wrong with that. But scientists in a national research organization with local and national clients need to continually search for what could be termed economies of scale in their research. This paper reviews some concepts that could help capture economies of scale in research. Key strategies are undertaking activities that cross local to regional and national scales and working on generic problems that have a reasonable potential for wide adoptability. The economics of adoption should be considered during the planning phase—not when the project is over. Another important consideration is gathering, compiling and collating primary data and making it available with good metadata. Efficiencies may also be captured with problem-oriented, cohesive multi-disciplinary teams. Key words: research policy and planning, generic problems and processes, primary data, teams, economies of scale

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Stanziani, Alessandro. "Scales of Inequality: Nation, Region, Empire". Annales (English ed.) 70, n. 01 (marzo 2015): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000996.

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Abstract This article discusses the specificity of Western economies and, within this framework, of inequality as envisaged by Thomas Piketty. To this end, it considers the relevance of national, regional, trans-regional, and above all imperial scales of analysis, particularly in regard to the historical dynamics of development (the “Great Divergence”), the fiscal state, and welfare.

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3

Jayasinghe, Maneka Savithri, Christine Smith, Andreas Chai e Shyama Ratnasiri. "The implications of income dependent equivalence scales for measuring poverty in Sri Lanka". International Journal of Social Economics 43, n. 12 (5 dicembre 2016): 1300–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2015-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether household preferences satisfy the assumption of base-independence, to examine the effects of household income on equivalence scales and thereby food consumption economies of scale and to examine how far conventional poverty rates require adjustment when scale economies in food consumption are taken into consideration. Design/methodology/approach To achieve these aims, the authors use a Pendakur (1999) adaptation of the test of base-independence, and income dependent Engel (1895) equivalence scales. Findings In Sri Lanka, the hypothesis of base-independence is rejected: the equivalence scales increase with household income both at the national and the sectoral level, that is urban, rural and estate sectors. This suggests that low-income households enjoy greater scale economies. After adjusting for scale economies, urban, rural and estate poverty headcount ratios decline by 3.2, 8.8 and 13.7, respectively, while at the national level the decline is about 8.3. Research limitations/implications The results are based on the assumption that all of the adults in the households have identical tastes, irrespective of their gender and age. Furthermore, the survey data exclude three districts in the northern province of Sri Lanka due to resettlement activities took place after the civil war. Practical implications Higher scale economies among the poor imply that poverty among low-income households is overstated when using traditional measures of poverty rates. Originality/value The novelty of this paper is that it provides insights on the effect of income on food consumption economies of scale and implications of this phenomenon on poverty estimates in the context of a developing country like Sri Lanka.

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Islam, Tanweer Ul, e Dajeeha Ahmed. "Inflation targeting: A time-frequency causal investigation". PLOS ONE 18, n. 12 (11 dicembre 2023): e0295453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295453.

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The enduring discourse regarding the effectiveness of interest rate policy in mitigating inflation within developing economies is characterized by the interplay of structural and supply-side determinants. Moreover, extant academic literature fails to resolve the direction of causality between inflation and interest rates. Nevertheless, the prevalent adoption of interest rate-based monetary policies in numerous developing economies raises a fundamental inquiry: What motivates central banks in these nations to consistently espouse this strategy? To address this inquiry, our study leverages wavelet transformation to dissect interest rate and inflation data across a spectrum of frequency scales. This innovative methodology paves the way for a meticulous exploration of the intricate causal interplay between these pivotal macroeconomic variables for twenty-two developing economies using monthly data from 1992 to 2022. Traditional literature on causality tends to focus on short- and long-run timescales, yet our study posits that numerous uncharted time and frequency scales exist between these extremes. These intermediate scales may wield substantial influence over the causal relationship and its direction. Our research thus extends the boundaries of existing causality literature and presents fresh insights into the complexities of monetary policy in developing economies. Traditional wisdom suggests that central banks should raise interest rates to combat inflation. However, our study uncovers a contrasting reality in developing economies. It demonstrates a positive causal link between the policy rate and inflation, where an increase in the central bank’s interest rates leads to an upsurge in price levels. Paradoxically, in response to escalating prices, the central bank continues to heighten the policy rate, thereby perpetuating this cyclical pattern. Given this observed positive causal relationship in developing economies, central banks must explore structural and supply-side factors to break this cycle and regain control over inflation.

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Rosenthal, Stuart S., e William C. Strange. "How Close Is Close? The Spatial Reach of Agglomeration Economies". Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, n. 3 (1 agosto 2020): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.3.27.

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This paper considers the attenuation of agglomeration economies. Put another way: how close is close? The paper presents evidence of agglomeration effects operating at various levels of spatial aggregation, including the regional, metropolitan, and neighborhood scales. In fact, agglomeration effects also seem to operate below the neighborhood level, including within buildings and organizations. These effects attenuate, with nearby activity exerting the strongest effects. The attenuation of agglomeration economies has implications for urban spatial structure, the microfoundations of agglomeration economies, and commercial real estate. It also affects the ability of governments and businesses to internalize agglomeration economies.

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Browning, M., P. A. Chiappori e A. Lewbel. "Estimating Consumption Economies of Scale, Adult Equivalence Scales, and Household Bargaining Power". Review of Economic Studies 80, n. 4 (5 luglio 2013): 1267–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdt019.

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Lopes, António M., e José A. Tenreiro Machado. "Symmetry in Complex Systems". Symmetry 12, n. 6 (8 giugno 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060982.

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Complex systems with symmetry arise in many fields, at various length scales, including financial markets, social, transportation, telecommunication and power grid networks, world and country economies, ecosystems, molecular dynamics, immunology, living organisms, computational systems, and celestial and continuum mechanics [...]

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Kot, Stanisław Maciej. "Equivalence scales for continuous distributions of expenditure". Equilibrium 18, n. 1 (30 marzo 2023): 185–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.006.

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Research background: In the actual sizable populations of households, the standard microeconomic concept of equivalence scales is intractable since its necessary condition of equality of household welfare levels is unlikely to be fulfilled. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to develop a concept of an equivalence scale, which can be suitable for continuous distributions of expenditures in the population. Methods: Using household welfare intervals, we get the random equivalence scale (RES) as the ratio of expenditure distributions of the compared populations of households. Findings & value added: We derive the parametric distribution of RES for the lognormal distributions of expenditures. The truncated distribution of RES is applied to account for possible economies of scale in the household size. A society?s inequality aversion can be helpful when selecting a single equivalence scale. We estimate RES for Poland using microdata on expenditures and subjective assessments of household welfare intervals. The estimated equivalence scales turned out to be very flat and dependent on welfare.

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9

Agyei, Samuel Kwaku, e Ahmed Bossman. "Investor sentiment and the interdependence structure of GIIPS stock market returns: A multiscale approach". Quantitative Finance and Economics 7, n. 1 (2023): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/qfe.2023005.

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<abstract> <p>The GIIPS economies are noted to suffer the most consequences of systemic crises. Regardless of their bad performance in crisis periods, their role(s) in asset allocation and portfolio management cannot go unnoticed. For effective portfolio management across divergent timescales, cross-market interdependencies cannot be side-lined. This study examines the conditional and unconditional co-movements of stock market returns of GIIPS economies incorporating investor fear in their time-frequency connectedness. As a result, the bi-, partial, and multiple wavelet approaches are employed. Our findings explicate that the high interdependencies between the stock market returns of GIIPS across all time scales are partly driven by investor fear, implying that extreme investor sentiment could influence stock market prices in GIIPS. The lagging role of Spanish stock market returns manifests at zero lags at high (lower) and medium frequencies (scales). At lower frequencies (higher scales), particularly quarterly-to-biannual and biannual-to-annual, Spanish and Irish stock markets, respectively, lag all other markets. Although portfolio diversification and safe haven benefits are minimal with GIIPS stocks, their volatilities could be hedged against by investing in the US VIX. Intriguing inferences for international portfolio and risk management are offered by our findings.</p> </abstract>

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Mencuccini, M. "Temporal scales for the coordination of tree carbon and water economies during droughts". Tree Physiology 34, n. 5 (1 maggio 2014): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu029.

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Tesi sul tema "Economies of scales"

1

Berger, Ilana. "Shipping strategies in multimodal networks exhibiting economies of scales". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14556.

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Vil, Anderson. "Trois essais sur la mesure du coût des enfants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1335.

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Cette thèse contient trois chapitres, chacun consacré à un aspect spécifique de l'étude du coût des enfants. Le premier chapitre, principalement empirique, examine l'allocation des ressources au sein des familles monoparentales en utilisant des données britanniques. Les deux chapitres suivants adoptent une approche théorique tout en intégrant des éléments empiriques. Le deuxième chapitre modélise l'impact des enfants sur l'offre de travail des femmes, en s'appuyant sur la méthodologie des échelles d'équivalence. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur le coût total des enfants (tant monétaire et temporel) et sur la valeur du temps parental, en appliquant le modèle théorique à des données américaines.Le premier chapitre analyse le coût des enfants dans les familles monoparentales. Plus précisément, il étend le modèle collectif de Bargain, Donni, and Hentati (2022) aux ménages monoparentaux et aborde les questions d'identification spécifiques à ce contexte. Il estime ensuite les parts de consommation allouées aux parents célibataires et à leurs enfants. En utilisant trois ensembles d'enquêtes sur les dépenses au Royaume-Uni, deux conclusions majeures émergent : premièrement, les modèles basés sur les couples ont tendance à sous-estimer le coût des enfants dans les ménages monoparentaux en raison de différences structurelles ; deuxièmement, la taille de la famille affecte significativement les ressources allouées aux enfants dans les familles à faibles revenus, un effet moins marqué dans les familles à hauts revenus.Le deuxième chapitre présente un cadre théorique basé sur des échelles d'équivalence adaptées à l'offre de travail. Il propose une fonction générale qui intègre les coûts financiers et temporels des enfants, sans utiliser de données spécifiques sur la consommation. Les résultats empiriques d'un échantillon de femmes célibataires aux États-Unis indiquent que, pour les mères célibataires, les effets monétaires dominent les effets temporels. De plus, le coût total médian par enfant est d'environ 17 060 dollars.Le troisième chapitre propose un cadre structurel pour mesurer le coût total des enfants, prenant en compte à la fois le temps parental et les dépenses monétaires. Ce modèle différencie les activités de garde d'enfants perçues comme du travail de celles considérées comme du loisir. Un aspect clé de notre approche est que le prix du temps parental n'est pas simplement égal au salaire, mais est déterminé par la substituabilité entre le temps parental et les services de garde d'enfants achetés. L'analyse empirique basée sur les données de couples américains qui travaillent montre que les mères perçoivent 68% de ce temps comme du travail, contre 53% pour les pères. En outre, une part importante du coût des enfants supporté par les parents est non monétaire, soulignant l'importance d'intégrer les dimensions temporelles dans l'évaluation des coûts parentaux
This thesis consists of three chapters, each dedicated to a specific aspect of the study of the cost of children. The first chapter, primarily empirical, examines the allocation of resources within single-parent households using British data. The following two chapters adopt a theoretical approach while integrating empirical elements. The second chapter models the impact of children on women's labor supply, relying on the equivalence scale methodology. The third chapter focuses on the full cost of children (both monetary and time-related) and the value of parental time, applying the theoretical model to American data.The first chapter analyzes the cost of children in single-parent households. Specifically, it extends the collective model of Bargain, Donni, and Hentati (2022) to single-adult households and addresses identification issues specific to this context. It then estimates the consumption shares allocated to single parents and their children. Using three sets of UK Expenditure Surveys, two major findings emerge: first, models based on couples tend to underestimate the cost of children in single-parent households due to structural differences; second, family size significantly affects the resources allocated to children in low-income families, a less pronounced effect in high-income families.The second chapter develops a theoretical framework using equivalence scales adapted to labor supply, proposing a general technological function that integrates both the financial and time costs of children without specific consumption data. Empirical results from a sample of single women in the U.S. indicate that, for single mothers, monetary effects dominate time effects. Additionally, the median total cost per child is approximately 17,060.The third chapter proposes a structural framework to measure children's full cost, accounting for both parental time and monetary expenditures. This model differentiates between childcare activities perceived as work and those considered as leisure. A key aspect of our approach is that the price of parental time is not simply equal to the wage but is determined by the substitutability between parental time and purchased childcare services. Empirical analysis based on U.S. working couples' data shows that mothers perceive 68% of this time as work, compared to 53% for fathers. Furthermore, a significant portion of the cost of children borne by parents is non-monetary, underscoring the importance of incorporating time dimensions into the evaluation of parental costs

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3

Oyofo, Philip A. "Economies of scale in selected Nigerian industrial aggregate". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3058.

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This study was designed to measure the firm's capacity to produce more output from a given bundle of inputs. That is, the nature of economies of scale that obtains in the manufacturing industrial aggregate. The data on which this study is based was obtained primarily from two sources: (1) The Fourth National Development Plan (1981-85) of Nigerian Publication; and (2) The 1979 issue of the Yearbook of Industrial Statistics published by the United Nations.

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Brandt, Nicola. "Market power, economies of scale and the role of knowledge for economic growth". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96536660X.

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SAIDI, Aurélien. "Increasing returns to scale, (in)determinacy and welfare : investigating the role of economic policy". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7009.

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Defence date: 31 May 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Omar Licandro, (EUI); Prof. Morten Ravn, (EUI); Prof. Alain Venditti, (GREQAM); Prof. Mark Weder, (University of Adelaide)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available

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Parman, Bryon James. "Economies of scale for data envelopment analysis with a Kansas farm application". Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16002.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agricultural Economics
Vincent Amanor-Boadu
Allen M. Featherstone
Estimation of cost functions can provide useful economic information to producers, economists, and policy makers. From the estimation of a cost function, it is possible to calculate cost efficiency, economies of scope, and economies of scale. Economic theory specifies the cost function as a frontier since firms cannot operate at lower cost than the cost minimizing input/output bundle. However, traditional parametric estimation techniques often violate economic theory using two sided-error systems. The stochastic frontier method has allowed the estimation of a frontier but continues to restrict the technology through functional assumption. Nonparametric frontier estimation is an alternative approach to estimate a cost frontier by enveloping the data which by its construct, conforms to economic theory. This research expands the economic information available by deriving multi-product scale economies and product-specific scale economies from the nonparametric approach. It also tests its ability to accurately recover these important economic measures under different assumptions of the cost function, and cost inefficiency distributions. Next, this new method is compared to other methods used to estimate cost functions and associated economic measures including a two-sided error system, stochastic frontier method, and an OLS model restricting the errors to take on only positive values. Finally, the nonparametric approach with the new measures is applied to a sample of Kansas farms. The nonparametric approach is able to closely estimate economies of scale and scope from estimation of a cost frontier. Comparison reveals that the nonparametric approach is closer to the “true” economic measures than some parametric methods and that it is better able to extrapolate out of sample when there are no zero output firms. Finally, the nonparametric approach shows that potential cost savings from economies of scale and economies of scope exist for small Kansas farms. However, cost savings from economies of scale become exhausted when farms exceed gross annual revenues of $500k, while economies of scope also diminish as farms grow larger. Results also show from annual frontier estimations that estimates of economies of scale, scope, and cost efficiency have remained relatively stable from 2002 to 2011.

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Chakraborty, Kalyan. "Essays on Scale Economies and Efficiency in Public Education". DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3983.

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Efficiency in public education is a significant issue in the United States. Nationwide, real expenditure per student increased 8% per year between 1960 and 1993, but output as measured by standardized test scores has not increased and in some cases (i.e., the verbal SAT [Scholastic Achievement Test] score) has declined. One explanation is that resources are not being utilized efficiently either in the technical or allocative sense. Also, the issue is important because substantial savings are possible by consolidation of schools and/or districts. This dissertation explores efficiency by measuring technical efficiency at the school district level from four perspectives. The first essay (Chapter 2) explores whether the cost efficient production units are the bigger schools or the bigger districts, using the concept of a standard education cost function (the dual of neoclassical production function). The empirical analysis uses panel data from Utah school districts and estimates the cost and expenditure functions using the covariance and error component models after making corrections for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The evidence indicates scale economies associated with school size but not district size. In the second essay (chapter 3), technical efficiency of individual school districts is measured using an educational production function and stochastic frontier methodology. The empirical analysis shows substantial variation in efficiency among school districts. An extension of the second essay (Appendix B) estimates technical efficiency and total factor productivity using school districts as multi-output producing units. A deterministic nonparametric approach, known as data envelopment analysis (DEA), is applied to a panel data. The empirical results provide provide pure technical efficiency disaggregating the components of scale, congestion, and technical innovation. Most studies of technical efficiency using a stochastic production function are estimated using cross-section data. Technical inefficiency effects are assumed (1) to be a function of the district-specific variables (i.e., dropout rate, socioeconomic status of the students, etc.) and time, and (2) to be independently distributed as truncated normal with constant variance and with means dependent on the firm-specific variables and time. The empirical results suggest that technical inefficiency increased over time for Utah school districts, and that inefficiency effects are stochastic.

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Clayton, Blake Carman. "A behavioural finance approach to commodity supply scares". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89a8f042-33f0-4da7-b0b6-e3f9c06c8db3.

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This study aims to generate a more robust understanding of public attitudes regarding non-renewable natural resource markets. Employing a comparative-historical case study method, it analyzes three waves of widespread fear that swept the United States over the course of the twentieth century regarding an imminent, irreversible shortage of oil. Each of these periods of fear over oil supply availability coincided with a significant rise in the price of crude oil, only to be followed by a sudden collapse as new production came onstream in response to higher prices. The study utilizes process tracing and pattern matching techniques to examine the linkages between fundamental supply-demand conditions in the crude oil market, oil price movements, and expert predictions of and other public expressions of belief that oil in the United States would become scarcer and more expensive in the future. This dissertation’s core arguments contribute to existing theoretical debates in three ways. First, by providing a comparative historical portrait of cyclical patterns in public and expert beliefs regarding non-renewable resource availability and long-term price behavior, the study puts contemporary debates over the future of oil supply in historical perspective. It allows the rampant claims of, and widespread belief in, a global shortage of oil that have gained popularity over the last decade—most notably, in the so-called “peak oil” movement—to be situated within a broader chronological context. It also extends and deepens earlier historical work analyzing oil shortage scares in the United States, both in terms of their underlying dynamics and their effect on federal government policy relative to the oil industry. Second, the study establishes the link between fundamental supply-demand conditions in the oil market, generally reflected in oil prices, and the degree of media attention given to, and apparent public belief in, an imminent, irreversible shortage of oil in the United States over the course of the twentieth century. In so doing, it demonstrates the applicability of Shiller’s (2000, 2005) conceptualization of new era economic theory formation and popularization to observed phenomena in the oil market, but with a crucial difference. Rather than new era economic thinking taking the form of unbounded optimism about the future, in the case of the oil market new era thinking has tended to be manifested as the pessimistic belief that an impending, irreversible shortage of oil would lead to a long-term, even perpetual, rise in oil prices. The study suggests two modifications to the concept that enhance its greater explanatory leverage with regard to exhaustible resource markets: one, that often the new era predictions most widely cited during shortage scares were actually made prior to the boom in prices, to little fanfare, but subsequently deemed prophetic by new era proponents; and two, that the new era narratives often contained normative elements. Moral judgments—in particular, condemnation of the oil economy’s degradation of the natural environment—have often intertwined with predictions that the oil supply was more limited than widely believed and that prices were destined to continue rising. Third, the study demonstrates that the concept of narratives of decline, as described by Bennett (2001) and Lieber (2008), constitutes a powerful theoretical lens through which to understand trends in popular opinion with regard to non-renewable resource availability, and to asset prices more generally—a link that has heretofore gone unrecognized. It finds that a positive feedback loop tended to exist between popular fears of a new era of oil shortages, marked by a long-term rise in prices, and related narratives of the environmental and relative political-economic decline of the United States.

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Maldoom, Daniel. "Dynamics and coordination in models of economic growth with economies of scale and scope". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386526.

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Jung, Se Chang. "Scale and scope economies in the UK life assurance industry". Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287646.

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Libri sul tema "Economies of scales"

1

Henderson, J. Vernon. Marshall's scale economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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2

Keniston, Ann. Economies of Scale. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39341-9.

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Cook, Philip J. The peculiar scale economies of lotto. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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4

Maskin, Eric. Incentives, scale economies, and organizational form. London: STICERD, 1997.

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Hardwick, Philip. Economies of scale in building societies. Southampton: University of Southampton, Dept. of Economics, 1987.

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6

Banker, Rajiv D. Scale economies in new software development. Cambridge, Mass: Center for Information Systems Research, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988.

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Mohanty, Bedabati. Economics of small scale industries. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1986.

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8

Ashton, John. Cost efficiency, economies of scale and economics of scope in the British retail banking sector. Poole: Bournemouth University,School of Finance and Law, 1998.

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9

Villar, Antonio. Equilibrium and efficiency in production economies. 2^a ed. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Dixit, Avinash K. Irreversible investment with uncertainty and scale economies. London: Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, 1992.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Economies of scales"

1

Lubet, Alex. "Economies of scales (and chords)". In The Routledge Handbook of Disability Arts, Culture, and Media, 310–22. 1st Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351254687-25.

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Arabi, Sumaiya, Yashvin Neehaul e Conrad Sparks. "Impacts and Threats of Marine Litter in African Seas". In The African Marine Litter Outlook, 91–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08626-7_3.

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SummaryWith a focus on plastic pollution, this chapter discusses the impacts of marine litter on the natural environment, the people and the economies of Africa. The impacts of marine litter will depend on various factors such as distribution, exposure time, size and type of organism. This chapter focusses on different impacts of marine litter at various scales, from ocean to coast, as well as more localised scales. The emphasis is on the coastal countries of the African continent, where information from Africa is lacking, and relevant data from other regions is used to infer possible impacts. Throughout this chapter, the environmental, social, economic and human impacts are discussed separately, although it should be remembered that these topics are intimately interlinked.

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Tomka, Béla. "Reconsidering Cross-Border Interactions: Balancing the Scales". In Globalization in State Socialist East Central Europe, 21–60. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63524-3_2.

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AbstractThis chapter considers four major aspects of globalization in state socialist East Central Europe, which also serve as a basis for assessing the soundness of new and older mainstream interpretations: trade, capital movements, information flows, and the movement of people. The East Central European state socialist countries achieved a relatively low level of globalization between World War II and the period of regime changes, which is evident in all the aspects surveyed. At the same time, there is no empirical evidence to support the claim that globalization in the region decreased in the two decades leading up to the regime changes. On the contrary, during the latter period, globalization advanced slowly but steadily in the East Central European countries. The gradual increase in openness was facilitated by the growing complexity of their economies, growing consumer demands, and the ongoing globalization of the world at large, as well as by rapid technological change, such as the spread of new information and communication technologies. From the 1970s onwards, the region also experienced internal divergence: the international openness of Poland and Hungary increased more significantly than that of Czechoslovakia.

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Dominguez, Luis V., Jaqueline Pels e Leopoldo Arias. "Three Scales for Assessing the Antecedents of Institutionalization of Marketing Practices in Transitional Economies*". In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 71–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11845-1_27.

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Massarente, Alessandro, Alessandro Tessari e Elena Guidetti. "Interscalar and Interdisciplinary Approaches for a Valley Community. The Case of Sappada". In Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 263–72. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71959-2_29.

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AbstractOur research aimed to explore an inter-scalar field in which architectural design tools are intertwined with urban and territorial scales. The case is an enclave between different limits: a valley near the border with Austria, located on the edge of north of Veneto region with an ethnic-linguistic heritage of Germanic matrix, administratively migrated in 2017 to Friuli Venezia Giulia region. Due to this specific geographical identity, local communities and municipal administration needed to define new sustainable development models of their territory. This gave us the chance to fine-tune a design exploration process holding territorial plan, with its analytical and programmatic categories. Additionally, it allowed us to address prefigurations, of a dispositive and dimensional nature, that enable the definition of thematic aspects through urban and landscape tools in various locations. Through discussion tables with local communities, various stakeholders, and interdisciplinary experts, as well as cross-referencing data provided by the administration itself, we elaborated open web-based GIS tools. These tools allow for the interrogation of data at different levels. From this analytical phase, five main themes emerged: naturalistic system, tourism resources, local economies, territorial infrastructures, and historical identity heritage. These themes represent the inter-scalar field within which different design explorations at urban and landscape scales intend to interweave possible relationships with territorial and urban plans.

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Connelly, Sean, Etienne Nel e Danielle Lomas. "Exploring ‘Just’ Transitions in Regional Aotearoa New Zealand: Cases of Taranaki and Southland". In Rescaling Sustainability Transitions, 175–99. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69918-4_8.

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AbstractThe multi-scalar sustainability challenge of addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation is well understood. Yet, often the way sustainability problems materialise and how solutions are identified and implemented fail to account for the particularities of place. The way global sustainability challenges interface with place-specific issues is context-dependent, complex, and multifaceted. These spatial complexities, however, are often overlooked in the development and implementation of sustainability transitions across space. This is particularly the case in the context of rural and peripheral regions, where assumed congruence between quality of life and sustainability aspirations at national and local scales, and across urban and rural places, is problematic. The regions of Taranaki and Southland in New Zealand provide good examples—both are regions dominated by economic sectors with uncertain futures that have necessitated central state intervention to support a just transition. In this chapter, particular attention is paid to national policy and then how transitions are playing out in these two regions, which the government has prioritised as lead regions in its sustainability drive. Both regions illustrate how the meaning and purpose of just transition is mediated by local and regional actors as they seek support and capacity to diversify their economies in a carbon-constrained context.

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Hecker, Dirk, Angelika Voss e Stefan Wrobel. "Data Ecosystems: A New Dimension of Value Creation Using AI and Machine Learning". In Designing Data Spaces, 211–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_13.

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AbstractMachine learning and artificial intelligence have become crucial factors for the competitiveness of individual companies and entire economies. Yet their successful deployment requires access to a large volume of training data often not even available to the largest corporations. The rise of trustworthy federated digital ecosystems will significantly improve data availability for all participants and thus will allow a quantum leap for the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence at all scales of companies and in all sectors of the economy. In this chapter, we will explain how AI systems are built with data science and machine learning principles and describe how this leads to AI platforms. We will detail the principles of distributed learning which represents a perfect match with the principles of distributed data ecosystems and discuss how trust, as a central value proposition of modern ecosystems, carries over to creating trustworthy AI systems.

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Trémon, Anne-Christine. "Scales of Change and Diagnostic Contradictions: Shifting Relations Between an Emigrant Community and Its Diaspora". In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 33–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_2.

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AbstractThe specific question this chapter addresses is how to account ethnographically for change that unfolds on spatial and temporal scales larger than those of the ethnographic field study without opposing the local site to global forces. My research engages a processual approach which examines the effects of China’s transformations and the creation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on the relationship between the members of a former emigrant community and their diaspora. I propose an analytical distinction between two relational dimensions of scale in which social action can be considered: scale as the scope of social systems or chains of interdependence that extend in space and time and in which actions and interactions take place, and scale as valence, i.e., the desirability of scale defined relative to other scales, generating “scalar projects.” I focus on how contradictions in the collected field materials are telling signs of accelerated change that generate conflicts of scale, and use such “diagnostic contradictions” as a starting point for understanding how people attempt to make sense of rapid change and reconceptualize the valence of local and global scales.

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Keniston, Ann. "Introduction: Economies of Scale: Financialization and Contemporary North American Poetry". In Economies of Scale, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39341-9_1.

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Keniston, Ann. "“Were you afraid // your book would vanish”: Gambling on the Print Book in the Electronic Age". In Economies of Scale, 83–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39341-9_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Economies of scales"

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Sukharev, Oleg. "Economic Policy: ‘Cumulative Effect’ and ‘Distributed Management’". In 2024 17th International Conference on Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd61779.2024.10739447.

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Safronov, Victor, Aleksander Nikitin, Matvey Arinin, Alexey Bragin, Irina Petrykina, Artem Chernikov e Konstantin Kostikov. "Conformal Prediction Model for Enterprise Economic Indicators". In 2024 17th International Conference on Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd61779.2024.10739446.

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Unurlu, Çiğdem, e Selin Küçükkancabaş. "The Effects of Destination Personality Items on Destination Brand Image". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00830.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the perceived destination brand personality of Istanbul and to examine the relationships among destination brand personality and destination brand image. A convenience sample of 200 visitors to Istanbul was surveyedvia face-to-face interviews. Initially, a series of exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted for each measurement scales (brand personality and destination brand image) in order to identify the potential underlying factor structure of the data. Then multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between variables using PASW 18. The findings of this study indicate that destination brand personality has a positive impact on destination brand image. However, the results are not fully represent all personality traits associated with tourism destinations.While four dimensions of the destination brand personality scales (vibrancy, competence, contemporary and sincerity) are found to be significantly related to the destination brand image, sophistication dimension is not significant in predicting destination brand image.

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Kendir, Vasfi, Bahaddin Sinsoysal e Hasan Boztoprak. "A Study on the Relationship Among Organizational Culture, Learning and Innovativeness: A Survey Study at a University Hospital". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01962.

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This study aims to explain the effect of organizational culture on both organizational learning and innovativeness. A large literature exists based on comparative studies on these concepts, which we addressed in a triangular relationship here. We conducted a survey consisting of three scales; Ogbonna and Harris (2000)-organization culture, Calantone et al (2002)-organizational learning and Wang and Ahmed (2004)-innovativeness, at a university hospital. We found that three concepts show high correlation, and organization culture has an effect on both organizational learning and innovativeness. We also found that organizational learning clearly effects the organizational innovativeness. Results show that organization culture is essential for organizational knowledge generation and use.

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Barlas, Emin, Fatih Şantaş e Ahmet Kar. "Comparative Analysis of the Inter-Regional Infant Mortality Rate from the Perspective of Health Economics in Turkey". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00959.

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Being healthy is a condition which all individuals and all countries are willing to achieve. However, health is a difficult concept to define and describe. Countries that are striving to achieve better status of health allocate an increasing part of their national income to health sector and expect to get these expenditures' worth. Health economy is an important tool that can be utilized in determining the effect of expenditures on the status of health and improving the effectiveness of expenditures. Thus, health economics is being used both in micro and macro scales. One of the important criteria showing the health status and development of countries is infant mortality rate. Turkey is among the countries which closed the gap between itself and the developed countries in terms of infant mortality rate. In this study, velocity ratio between 2006 and 2012 in Turkey had been calculated in order to compare them with those of the developed countries. In order to compare Turkey's regional infant mortality rates, territorial velocity ratios had been calculated, Turkey Health Statistics Annual data belonging to the years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 had been used to carry out various statistical analyses in order to determine the factors affecting infant mortality rate. Although Turkey had improved itself in terms of infant mortality rates, there are still things to be achieved at the scale of the country and the regions.

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Özkan, Arda. "Transboundary Environmental Damages in the Black Sea Basin and Regional Liability Regime". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00596.

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The Black Sea is a significant basin where transboundary environmental damage activities take place. The environmental problems in the Black Sea are not only on the agenda of six Black Sea littorals, but also the states in the wider Black Sea basin. The large scales of strategic, economical and political problems in the region require entrepreneurship and co operations of the other states on the same platform. This study has two main environmental security dimensions: One of them is identifying the damages and opponents; the other one is the security problem in transboundary environment and the responsibilities of the Black Sea states. In this regard, this study aims to initiate a conversation in precautions against transboundary environmental damages considering the current security risks.

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Sarıışık, Mehmet, e Hasan Önal Şeyhanlıoğlu. "Finding the Relationship between Individual Career Planning and Personality Features in Hotels". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02343.

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In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits and career planning trends of tourism management employees. The data required for the study were obtained from a total of 391 employees in five and four-star five-city hotels in Ankara. The collected data were analyzed by quantitative methods to test the relationship between variables. First, the correlation coefficients between the sub-dimensions of the scales were calculated. Then, t-test and variance (One-way Anova) analysis were used to determine possible differences between career planning dimensions and demographic characteristics. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between extrovert personality type and career planning while a negative significant relationship was found between neurotic personality type and career planning.

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Koychuev, Turar. "To Find Own Path". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01990.

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The report reviews the search and selection of ideology, concept and models of economic development in the post-Soviet space with account of historical peculiarities, demographic processes, natural resources, scales of country and its economy, new political and legal structure, transition to open and free market economy. It evaluates the current state, defines objectives of development and ways of their implementation for a full-fledged establishment of the social economy, taking a rightful place in the world economy, which is appropriate to its own possibilities and needs, knowledge-intensive and receptive to innovations and in-demand within the international geo-economical space. In the end, must be approved by the inter-state peaceful coexistence, political tolerance, social solidarity, mutually beneficial economic cooperation that ensures a prosperous development of societies and States that Man lived happily ever after.

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Bağlıtaş, H. Hilal. "Attempts to Collect Environmental Approaches under the Sustainable Development Concept". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02667.

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Environmental awareness has particularly increased in the last twenty years. Besides most of the researchers focusing on the environmental Kuznets curve, the approaches relevant to environmental degradation are not limited to disposable income. The paper has theoretical approaches and puts forth all possible sources of pollution and degradation based on sustainable development dimensions. In this respect, free riders and the tragedy of the commons are on the social side. The Environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis are on the economic side. Moreover, entropy is the third law of thermos-dynamic and creates the physical basis for environmental deterioration. In addition, at the end of the process, the Anthropocene emerges because of these four issues. It declares the inevitable consequences of worldly human activities on the naming of ages. Political suggestions might require local, regional, and global support, solutions, and regulations because of multiple dimensions and scales. Public awareness, the seriousness of companies in fulfilling their responsibilities, and the interaction of countries can make a difference in a more sustainable today and tomorrow.

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Özcan, Irfan, Gökhan Aba e Metin Ateş. "The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Nurses on Anticipated Turnover". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01592.

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Today, there is an intense competition regarding the provision of private health services. In the context of such competition, it is important to provide that health personnel commit to their jobs and have job satisfaction in order for hospitals to thrive. However, perceptions and cognitions related to leaving employment are affected due to the specific features of health services and due to the heavy workload of personnel. The current study was conducted in order to determine the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee turnover rates among health personnel. A total of 415 nurses who were employed in 5 private hospitals located in Istanbul completed questionnaires. In the study, expected employee turnover, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction scales were administered. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 software. It was found that expected employee turnover levels showed significant differences according to the demographic features of the nurses. In addition, employee turnover rates were negatively related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. According to this, employee turnover levels decrease as organizational commitment and job satisfaction increase. Based on these results, it is recommended that hospital administrations should place importance on programs that aim to increase organizational commitment and job satisfaction among nurses in order to reduce employee turnover rates.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Economies of scales"

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Lustig, Nora, José Antonio Mejía-Guerra, Martin Cumpa e Miguel Székely. Do We Know How Much Poverty There Is? Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010786.

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This paper tests the sensitivity of poverty indexes to the choice of adult equivalence scales, assumptions about the existence of economies of scale in consumption, methods for treating missing and zero incomes, and different adjustments to handle income misreporting. We also perform sensitivity analysis to the use of different poverty lines and poverty indexes, which are issues that have been much more explored in the literature. The sensitivity analysis is applied to household survey data from 17 Latin American countries, which include 92% of the population in the region. By varying these parameters within reasonable boundaries, we find that the proportion of poor could be said to be either 12.7 percent or 65.8 percent of the total population. Additionally, the ranking of countries with respect to poverty is also highly sensitive. This points to the need of justifying and being explicit about the underlying choices and definitions behind poverty statistics, and to the need of performing sensitivity analysis illustrating the menu of options that can answer the question of how much poverty there is.

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Cook, Philip, e Charles Clotfelter. The Peculiar Scale Economies of Lotto. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3766.

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Davis, Jonathan M. V., Jonathan Guryan, Kelly Hallberg e Jens Ludwig. The Economics of Scale-Up. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23925.

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Wheelock, David C., e Paul W. Wilson. The Evolution of Scale Economies in U.S. Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2015.021.

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Hanson, Gordon. Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8013.

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Ruprah, Inder J. Does Size Matter? Yes, If You are Caribbean! Inter-American Development Bank, settembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008429.

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This policy brief reviews whether the size of a country limits economic growth. Diseconomies of scale, indivisible fixed costs and geographic barriers represent intrinsic characteristics of small economies that might hinder economic growth. However, while some small economies have overcome the size hurdle, Caribbean countries have not. There is a widening growth and GDP per capita gap between the Caribbean and other small economies. Further, the Caribbean countries¿ ability to generate employment for given growth has fallen over time and relative to other small economies. It is not size that is the problem.

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Francois, Joseph. Scale Economies and Imperfect Competition in the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, settembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp14.

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The universe of existing CGE models can be divided into 3 broad categories. The first class of models (of which the standard GTAP model is a classic example) emphasizes the static effects of policy related to general equilibrium resource reallocation. The second involves scale economics and imperfect competition and the third involves dynamic accumulation effects. Development of the second class of models has followed a long period during which many of the basic tenants of modern industrial organization theory were integrated into the core of mainstream trade theory. The resulting class of applied models emphasizes procompetitive effects. This paper presents techniques for the incorporation of several stylized representations of scale economies and imperfect competition into the GTAP modeling framework. A numerical example is also provided. Technical Paper Number 14 can be downloaded in PDF format. To print this you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader. For those interested in replicating the results in this technical paper, an associated zip file [249K] can be downloaded. The zip file includes readme files with detailed instructions.

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Song, Ligang. The scale of China's economic impact. East Asia Forum, febbraio 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1266890442.

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Ganapati, Sharat. The Modern Wholesaler: Global Sourcing, Domestic Distribution, and Scale Economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32036.

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Fernandez, Nicholas, Srinivas Katipamula, Michael R. Brambley e T. A. Reddy. Economic Investigation of Community-Scale Versus Building Scale Net-Zero Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/978547.

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