Tesi sul tema "Économie numérique – Politique publique"
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Andres, Raphaela. "Empirical essays on policy interventions in the digital economy". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT016.
Testo completoThis thesis empirically investigates policy and managerial interventions in the digital economy and analyses their effectiveness and potential side effects.The first chapter uncovers an unintended policy effect of a public support scheme for firms in economically lagging regions in Germany. It exploits variation in the eligibility and the size of potential investment subsidies of firms in order to analyse the relationship with the firms' propensity to adopt cloud services. The empirical results demonstrate that the higher the potential subsidy for investments, the lower the incentive for firms to adopt cloud services. This unintended policy effect is highly relevant for policy makers, as the adoption of cloud services has been linked to various benefits on the firm as well as on the aggregate economy level.The second chapter analyses the pioneering online hate speech regulation on the social media platform X. It exploits the regulation, the German Network Enforcement Act, in a quasi-experimental approach to measure the causal impact of the law on the prevalence of hateful content in a target group of the German-speaking segment of X. The results imply a significant and robust decrease in the intensity and volume of hate speech in tweets tackling sensitive migration and religion related topics. Importantly, tweets tackling other topics as well as the tweeting style of users are not affected by the regulation, which is in line with its aim. This chapter highlights that legislation for combating harmful online content can significantly reduce the prevalence of hate speech and contributes to understanding the perspective implications of the European Digital Services Act.The third chapter investigates mechanisms of the Creator Economy, which capitalizes on a multi-sided business model, connecting content creators, users, and (sometimes) advertisers. Matching the needs of these different stakeholders is a complex challenge, as evidenced by the impact of the YouTube “Adpocalypse” in 2017, when major advertisers fled YouTube due to concerns about their ads appearing alongside objectionable content. This chapter exploits YouTube's subsequent content moderation efforts following the Adpocalypse to measure the cross-platform responses of content creators and content consumers on Patreon. Focusing on content creators that multi-home on YouTube and Patreon, the theoretical model and empirical evidence of this chapter confirm that these content creators respond strategically and shift their efforts toward Patreon. As a result, consumers also increase their use of Patreon through memberships, comments, and likes. However, we also find that YouTube's content moderation and the shift by content creators and consumers that follows, results in an increase in toxicity on Patreon. These findings indicate that governance rules of a single platform cannot be looked at in isolation. Instead, platform managers and policy makers need to consider potential cross-platform reactions of all stakeholders.The three chapters of this thesis demonstrate that interventions in the digital economy can be effective in shaping online discussions, but digital particularities such as rapidly changing technologies and substitution effects need to be carefully considered
Corriveau, Isabelle. "CBC/Radio-Canada sans les droits de diffusion de hockey : un désavantage numérique ou politique?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32996.
Testo completoCao, Shuai. "La politique publique du cinéma en France (1981-2012)". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH005.
Testo completoThe cinema was born in France. As art and industry, cinema had ups and downs in France during the period 1981-2012. It faced many internal and external challenges, which gave rise to the crisis of cinema which is recurrent during these thirty-one years. The public authorities, for their part, refer to financial, regulatory and political means to seek to save the national cinema from the crisis, to ensure its survival and to make it prosper. Our historical research, based on archives, thus deals with the context, the springs, the precise measures and the influences of the public policy of the cinema during this crucial period for the French cinema.From the arrival of the left in power in 1981 until the end of the first seven years in 1988, French cinema recorded a drop in attendance, and the radical changes in the French and European audiovisual landscape become a great threat to the cinema. To solve these problems, Jack Lang first led a film reform by implementing anti-trust measures and enriching the film support system. In order to harmonize the relationship between small and big screen, the State, through the laws of 1982 and 1986 on the audiovisual communication, proceeds to a regulation according to which the television must invest in the cinema. At the same time, the French government is trying to export and promote this model of audiovisual and cinematographic policy in Europe and around the world.European and international issues dominate during the next period, from 1988 to 1999, a decade marked by the "cultural exception". If the "cinema plan" put in place by Jack Lang can strengthen the aid scheme, France gives priority to the promotion of this regime in Europe, while defending the interests of the cinema profession in the “Television Directive without borders" and by promoting the creation of audiovisual Eureka, the Eurimages fund and the MEDIA program. During the GATT negotiations in 1993, with the joint efforts of the public authorities and professionals, the audiovisual and cinema file was excluded from the negotiations because "culture is not a commodity like the others". Although this standard is being challenged with the MAI and the WTO round of negotiations in Seattle, France has managed to defend it. In this context, French cinema has seen a revival, especially since the mid-1990s, but imbalances and destabilization remain and the effectiveness of film policy is nuanced.The last phase, from 2000 to 2012, is notably characterized by the acceleration of globalization and the advent of IT. The cinematographic policy, matured during the two preceding decades, must adapt to the new stakes of the new millennium. Generally, French cinema is in an ambivalent situation: on the one hand, it is doing well in many respects, especially in terms of attendance and production, on the other, it is weakened by events in the sector: the appearance of the Unlimited subscription cards, the Vivendi-Universal merger, the piracy ... The State plays a role of "firefighter" by setting up a computer policy and the tax credit and by elaborating the HADOPI law to fight against piracy. Local and regional authorities are investing more and more in the cinema. However, since 2008, in a context of budgetary rigor, the State has been modernizing the CNC and restructuring the aid system, which puts public film policy and French cinema in an uncertain future
Bakis, Abuzer. "Imposition du capital et croissance". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136515.
Testo completoNous analysons, d'abord, l'équilibre de "laisser-faire", et puis nous discutons l'efficacité de ces politiques alternatives de redistribution.
Gomez, Martinez Drumare Claudia Juliana. "Analyse des Politiques Publiques de promotion des TIC en PME : la portée des programmes du Gouvernement Colombien : 2000-2010". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030168/document.
Testo completoHow to facilitate the integration’s of the ICT in the SME? This is the question asked by the Colombian’s Government since the end of the nineties.Seven years after defining the regional strategy eLAC 2007 and twelve years after the signature of the Florianopolis’ Declaration, we open a new way of thinking about the impact of the actions developed by the Colombian’s Government in order to promote the ICT in the micros, smalls and mediums companies between 2000 and 2010.The study of various sources available in this area, together with the achievement of several interviews and the application of a survey instrument, allowed us to define the context and the global issue of the ICT integration in the SME from three points of view such as: the orientation of the Public Policies ICT, the programs’ application, and the scope of the Governments’ strategy.This research’s program helped us to identify the major obstacles in the participation of the SME in the Information Society, and to generate a series of conclusions and recommendations which can contribute to improve the Government’s action. This will give it one more chance to reach the objectives fixed by the National Development Plan
Mocilnikar, Antoine-Tristan. "Essais en économie publique". Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090023.
Testo completoThe essays deal with rights to import, export, produce or invest. First, we derive an explicit valuation formula for the right, then, we study a right market in a static framework and finally in a dynamic one. When there are increasing return to scale, external effects, uncertainty or when investment is irreversible, the price mechanism is no more socially efficient. In such a situation, a regulator is needed soas to modify the subsequent equilibrium in a more efficient way. In particular, we can formulate three recommendations : tax regimes and international trade policies have long term effects on growth, to implement a quota without distribuing the corresponding right is socially inefficient and manipulations on a spot market can be reduced if forward trading is allowed
Tricaud, Clémence. "Essais en économie politique et publique". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX019.
Testo completoThis dissertation lies at the intersection of Political Economy and Public Economics. It combines quasi-experimental designs with administrative data to understand the determinants and consequences of citizen and policymaker behavior.The first two chapters, in collaboration with Vincent Pons, study the behavior of voters in elections. In Chapter 1, we assess the extent to which voters behave expressively or strategically and the consequences it has on electoral results. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) around the qualification threshold for the runoff of two-round elections in France, we compare electoral results when two or three candidates compete. We find that a third candidate's presence substantially increases participation and reduces the vote share of the top two candidates. Crucially, in about 1/5 of the elections, the presence of a third candidate causes the loss of the candidate among the top two that is ideologically closest to her. Hence, we show that the plurality rule often leads to suboptimal outcomes, because many voters value voting expressively over voting strategically.Chapter 2 investigates which type of information affects voter and candidate behavior, focusing on one specific piece of information: candidate rankings. Building on the data collected for the first project and digitizing electoral results for older elections, we isolate the impact of first-round rankings on second-round outcomes. We use an RDD in French local and parliamentary elections, where up to three or four candidates can qualify for the second round. Results show that arriving marginally first, second, or third in the first round has large effects on a candidate’s likelihood of running and winning in the second round. These results remain strong even when only two candidates qualify (and thus there is no need for coordination), suggesting that the desire to vote for the winner is an important driver of voter behavior.Chapter 3 studies the behavior of policymakers and seeks to understand mayors’ reluctance to cooperate over local public policies. Exploiting a 2010 reform in France that forced non-integrated municipalities to join an intermunicipal community, I assess the causal impact of integration on municipalities that were reluctant to cooperate. I provide new evidence that resistance is driven by local costs of integration: urban municipalities resisted integration to prevent further housing construction, while rural municipalities resisted to avoid losing local public services. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I first find that municipalities forced to enter a community experienced a large increase in the number of building permits delivered per year. Consistent with NIMBYsm (Not In My BackYard) explaining urban municipalities' resistance, this effect is driven by high-demand and densely built municipalities, where a rise in construction is the most likely to create congestion. Second, exploiting new data on daycare facilities and public libraries, I show that rural municipalities forced to enter a community experienced a decrease in the number of facilities available in their territory. Finally, I find that resisting municipalities benefited from a greater access to public transport and higher fiscal revenues after integration, but that these benefits were not high enough to compensate for the costs of integration
Trillard, Romain. "Une approche info-communicationnelle du changement organisationnel à l’université : autour des portefeuilles numériques de compétences". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20050.
Testo completoDuring this thesis, we are being interested on “eportfolios” and how they embody the organizational rationalization and the new public management policies in the higher education and research sector in France. We have been searching why they got thumbs down. To do that, we have been leaning on an e – portfolio project manager experience, nearly twenty interviews with other project managers, universities managers, staff and academics and a set of documents. This corpus has beencollected in the framework of a Communicational Approach to Organizations. This method leads us to deal with the symbolic dimension of developments, then with the universities reorganizations, and finally with the transformations of presumed practices by the use of technologies such as “e – portfolio”. To be sure to explore all the dimensions of the change, we have developed an approach switching on the running rationalization and the academic culture. This workenabled us to locate the communications going through our corpus. The analysis points out that some sharp symbolic tightness exist, that work conditions change and deteriorate, and that “e-portfolios” are the subject of an empirical and symbolic disconnection
Bacache-Beauvallet, Maya. "Économie politique de l'emploi public". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010035.
Testo completoPerona, Mathieu. "Trois Essais sur les politiques publiques des industries culturelles". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539075.
Testo completoRychen, Frédéric. "Infrastructures et développement économique local". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24007.
Testo completoTolédo, Alain de. "Contribution à une économie politique du pouvoir". Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080753.
Testo completoThe definition of public good as a form of the wealth founded by the relation attribution contribution allow to study power as also an ecomical category. Process of production of public goods determines a budgetary economy in wich transfers constitute the fundamental law of functionning. A collective decision is needed to set in action these transfers, this decision is characterized by its double nature, both neutral and partial. Power appears then as a beyond of the collective decision : wether administrative management, or desir of power, power is the result of the process of production of public goods and the mover of this process
Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine. "Biens publics de production et équilibre général : e analyse de chocs de dépenses publiques en économie ouverte sous ajustement". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010068.
Testo completoThe aim of the thesis is to examine how the macroeconomics models of stabilization are modified when public expenditures are supposed to be public intermediate goods. The existence of a general equilibrium and the haberler and rybczynski theorems are verified in a Ricaro-Viner-Jones model with a public intermediate good. This first investigation allows to analyze the impacts of public expenditures variations within the framework of the model of a dependent economy. We show that the standard conclusions of this model are not robust. The findings of the monetary approach of the balance of payments are also modified. The indirect impacts of public expenditures variations are more complex when the hypothesis of unemployment is introduced. This analysis allows to understand better the impacts of the international aid and to improves the Harris-Todaro model
Landais, Camille. "Essais en économie publique : fiscalité, hauts revenus, familles". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0022.
Testo completoThese essays focus on the impact of taxation on income inequalities, the provision of public goods, and family behaviors. First show that income inequalities have increased in France in the past years, due to a surge in top wages. L then estimate the taxable income elasticity in France, and show that it is modest, even among top income (. 15), which suggests that deadweight loss of top income taxation is weaker than previously thought. Part Il proposes estimates of the elasticity of charitable giving with respect to tax incentives, and shows that the overall response is modest and below the level that would make the French tax system optimal. Finally, part III microsimulates the French family policy and with long-run tax data estimates the elasticity of fertility with respect to french tax incentives (Quotient Familial)
Bras, Bénédicte. "La Poste entre le service public et le marché : le cas de la distribution". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100068.
Testo completoThe postal market evolution leads to a process of deregulation by reason of national monopoly review and competition rules application. The external environment transformation was accompanied by the creation of a new regulation: the change of the post office status. This old administration, which turned a nationalized company, seems to be into a heterogeneous organization. The hybrid nature of the post office status is analyzed in this thesis: the new rules and the new game of this organization have been described. The new regulation understanding is based on the case of the delivery of letters. This economic thesis includes not only a sociological proceeding but also a juridical and historical analysis of the organization
Philippe-Dussine, Marie-Pierre. "Le rôle économique de l'état dans le post-socialisme : économie publique de la transition". Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN20006.
Testo completoWhen the east-Europe began to reform its economy, many thought that these socialist economy would choose to reduce the public controls, in order to be converted into market economies. Transition has often been presented as a desetatisation process. This thesis presents the opposite conception and presents the transition as a process, which maintains many old structures but also crates new public structures. The economic role of the state doesn't grow weaker in transition, because reforms and emerging markets call for new public interventions, while many old socialist structures stay. State doesn't grow weaker because three machinery are superimposed in period of transition: one is composed by the traditional bureaucracy another deal with the big transformations (privatization and so on. . . ) and one manages the first deficiency of the market. The examples and the application of this thesis are taken from the experiences of transition in Hungary, Poland, ex-Czechoslovakia and ex-Ussr
Kankanamge, Sumudu. "Optimalité de la dette publique dans une économie à marchés incomplets". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407676.
Testo completoChateau, Jean. "Effets macro-économiques des politiques publiques incitatives". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010070.
Testo completoThis work presents some public policy rules in a mix-economy. Following analytic methods of optimal fiscal policy and costs-benefits theories it shows that these recommendations depend on the goals of the government and on the constraints of the whole economy. The chosen analytical framework is the intertemporal equilibrium model with some government. Public intervention is described by two features : a provision of a pure public good and some distorsives tax instruments. The evaluation of the public policy is based upon a social welfare function. The first part presents some optimal public policy rules in an intertemporal framework with heterogeneous households. The novelty of the work lays in the private profits, some additional constraints on the fiscal power and on the adoption of the primal approach for the reasoning. The second part deals with the "extension" of the previous results in a dynamic macro-economic framework. The main subjects studied are those of the fiscal equivalence,the conditions under which the capital incomes are taxed at the long-run range and the link between the public provision and its distorsive financing. The aim of the last part is to analyze the public debt in the previous context. We study the macroeconomic and welfare effects of some deficit policies when the ricardian equivalence fails to hold because public policy is distorsive. We conclude that the nature of the deficit policy and the parameters of the economy greatly matter in the determination of these effects
Van, der Straeten Karine. "Economie politique en information imparfaite : trois essais sur la planification et la democratie indirecte". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0049.
Testo completoTassone, Laurence. "La production de connaissances à travers des accords interinstitutionnels de coopération de recherche". Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24003.
Testo completoMalonga, Marie-Albert. "Essai d'évaluation économique d'une politique publique : l'exemple de la politique forestière du Congo (1974-1985)". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100039.
Testo completoThe object of the study is to investigate the impact of public policy or forestry. The essence is to determine whether public policy has reached its objective of making firms engaged in exploiting forestry resources in the Congo adopt an optimal approach towards the trade-of between the preservation of the ecological balance and the requirements of the profit maximization objective. In this respect, we have had to conduct our analysis around two principal issues, namely (1) the problem of disinvestment and (2) the wish of government to achieve a certain degree of transformation before export. We have analyzed the disinvestment phenomenon using the C. Khang model. The a analysis reveals a significant differential in long period stationary stock levels, depending on whether exploiting firms take externalities into account or not. Still on the disinvestment problem, we have been able to appreciate by means of the Clark-Nunro and the Cropper-Lee-Pannu models, the necessary and sufficient economic conditions which lead to the extinction of renewable natural resources. The assessment show s that public sector enterprises are not adequately adapted to the role of stimulating the forestry sector, due largely to their excessive dependence on government and the preponderance of the redistribution function over that of accumulation. On the side of mixed firms, transport, and domestic marketing conditions reduce firm effectiveness. In spite of heavy government investment in the forestry sector, the pre-1974 problems of ecological balance and sectorial industrialization, among others, persist. The situation then calls for a radical change in governent policy and economic philosophy as a prerequisite to its new participation in the sector
Sebag, Sandra. "Ajustements, interventions de l'Etat et transitions : une approche institutionnelle appliquée aux cas du Mexique, de la Hongrie, de la Pologne et de la Russie". Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131041.
Testo completoThis thesis aims at analysing the role and place of the state in transient. Eastern and southern economies. To this end, we first reviewed the policies applied, i. E. Stabilisation and structural adjustment policies, through their theoretical models and their applications. Beyond issues raised by the models' internal consistency, we showed that they failed, both to develop transparent and efficient market mechanisms and to provide for sustained stabilisation of macro-economic balances. Therefore, the primary criticism we had against this strategy relates to the fact that it is not appropriate to the institutional configuration of the economies where it has been applied. To prove that, we next analysed two essential institutions: money and organisations, both theoretically and in connection with their functioning in post-socialist economies. We can regard money as a lawful institution. As such, it obeys a recognition process based on guarantees and constraints dictated by the state. It was evident here that lawfulness and sovereignty of money can only be asserted by means of the various policies applied. Such policies have therefore led to debt accumulation. In order to halt and reduce such accumulation, the functioning of debt-issuing organisations should be modified, and the lawfulness and credibility of the state be asserted, including with respect to control. We therefore had to outline the role of the state in a third part. We first studied the various proposals put forward by liberal proponents, which relate to the setting of market rules as well as to a social policy based on the concept of substitution (minimum help granted when the market cannot guarantee the survival of individuals). Since this approach does not allow for the creation of medium term credibility or lawfulness, we have complemented it by developing proposals in line with industrial policy. Here, the specificity of our method is that we have doubled up a standard analysis of industrial policy with an analysis of incentives based on relevant justice criteria for each institution (agencies, public and private companies)
Rizzo, Jean-Marc. "Développement économique et choix d'un régime de change". Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24017.
Testo completoHurlin, Christophe. "La contribution productive des infrastructures : analyses positives et normatives". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010022.
Testo completoLitviakov, Michel. "Transformations du système financier dans la transition économique de la Russie". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100107.
Testo completoPayment and settlement system modernization takes a central place in the financial system reform that is necessary for the success of economic transition in Russia
Turner, Laure. "La recherche publique dans la production des connaissances : contributions en économie de la science". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010056.
Testo completoJérôme, Bruno. "Anticipations, crédibilité des politiques publiques et comportement politico-économiques". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010058.
Testo completoPecherot, Barbara. "Les acquisitions par offre publique : création de valeur et strategie des acquereurs". Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE2A005.
Testo completoPoinsot, Philippe. "La relecture de l'oeuvre de Jules Dupuit à l'aune de la notion de bien-être et utilité publique : intérêt général, bien-être et utilité publique". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010059.
Testo completoTocail, Bernard. "Organisation et politique en direction des personnes handicapées". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010035.
Testo completoThe aim of this project is to analyse how the administrative process for the disabled people works and to understand the gap beetween the offer of the system and the demand of disabled people. This study uses instruments offered by organizational theories. The development of this item leads us to analyse the logical action of the organization that takes part to the functional system of this disposal. It also tries to observe if the movement of competencies in the social field towards the department allows a better function in that system public action
Rombaldi, Michel. "Régulation territoriale et planification décentralisée : le cas de la Corse". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0021.
Testo completoThe new method of regulation being developed and which bas been called territorial, could well become a serious alternative to the crisis of the fordist regulation method. This paradigm is inspired from the basic concepts defined by the theory of regulations and which includes a space variable an important element in the understanding of the movements for transformation that modity successive types of regulation methods. Territorial regulation requives the specification of a territory of a d s t programmed on a european scale. This implies a radical, transformation of state institutions and planning procedures. If this scale is applied to corsica it is quickly apparent that the island has always remained on the finge of regulation movements. Indeed, in an initial period this type of competitive regulation in corsica will come up against the persisting practices of a farm economy with the communuty regulation system that this implies. In the same way the regulations of fordism will be completely in appropriate hene, as they wouted transform non development into bad development. The new state procedures of intervention in the framwork of territorial regulation could open new prespectives to the island7s economy. This on the condition however that they are move widely surported by gennine regional planning, whist remaining in the framwork of european economie. .
Nyouma, David. "Le role economique de l'etat : le cas du cameroun". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05D006.
Testo completoSince independence, the governement of cameroon has put in place a policy of consolidation in the perspective of self-centred development. In hope of resolving the budgetary equilibrium problems, public infrastructures were driven into deficits. From 1975, the financial resources obtained from petroleum exports had brought the public authority to adopt an active policy in matters concerning public employment, the creation and or the support of state enterprises and public infrastructures. From 1985, due to the financial difficulties of public enterprises and of fiscal inadaptability resulting from fall in receipts or returns of exportation and of petrol, the government was obliged to adopt the framework economic policy developed by the imf and the world bank. Faced with the limited results of the structural adjustement policies, it became necessary to put in place a new structure
Dubois, Nicolas. "Des conséquences de l'ouverture et de la concurrence imparfaite sur les relations entre croissance et infrastructures publiques". Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0697d7fa-01a6-4e9b-9614-f5fca2cc85f0.
Testo completoOuld, Mohamed Yahya Cheikh Brahim. "Le rôle de la banque centrale dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas de la Mauritanie". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0015.
Testo completoTréguer, David. "Les politiques de biocarburants et les réformes de la politique agricole commune". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004413.
Testo completoBiofuels are being extensively developed around the world thanks to the support of states, which is a necessary condition for their production. Thus, the focus of this dissertation is to study the regulation of biofuel policies. More precisely, this work intends to enlighten the strong links between biofuel and agricultural policies. Policies directed to biofuel production have changed dramatically over the past three years, evolving from the status of a secondary policy within agricultural policies to the position of a central policy at the crossroads of agricultural, environmental and energy policies. The work exposed in this dissertation is divided in three parts. First, the reasons that have led to the sudden development of biofuels are presented. Then, in a second part, the interactions of biofuel policies with the present agricultural policies are dealt with. The aim of this second part is to assess the extent to which these policies ought to be amended in order to account for the growing importance of energy crops in the total agricultural production. Finally, the third part focuses on the new regulatory framework imposed by the dual production of the agricultural sector (an environmental good and an agricultural commodity): a Common Agency setting is chosen to address this issue. Moreover, this last part strives to anticipate the future reforms of the CAP, in which the dual regulation (at the EU and Member State levels) calls for a new framework for policy analysis. Hence, the common thread of all the ideas developed in this dissertation is the mutual interactions that exist between biofuel and agricultural policies. Biofuel policies have emerged thanks to the 8 reform of the CAP in 1992, are now an important player of the present CAP and will undoubtedly be a central issue in the future reforms of agricultural policies
Duque, Ayala Corina. "La politique publique d’éducation en France et en Colombie". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40027/document.
Testo completoThe first part of this thesis is devoted to a synchronic comparison of the history and foundationsof the right to education, as well as the components of the right to education (availability, access, permanence,acceptability, adaptability and quality thereof) and how they have been translated into current nationallegislation. The categories of analysis used therefore have specifically made it possible to carry out a microcomparisonin this area, that is to say, a comparison of the stakeholders in the school system, their functions,powers, duties and guarantees.The second part of this thesis is devoted to an analysis of the nature and scope of the right to education in bothcountries, and how it has been enshrined by judicial, legal and constitutional means, and thanks tosupranational standards.The third part of this thesis is devoted to a comparison of the transformation, in the light of changes occurringin the global arena, of institutions and public policies in each country with respect to education. This hasmade it possible to understand the role of international organizations in creating new universal standards, andhow these standards have been incorporated into domestic legislation. Finally, an analysis of the evaluation ofschool systems based on neoliberal indicators has been undertaken, which has made it possible to compare theorganization and management of education systems of both countries.The findings resulting from the observation of both legal systems have led to highlight the common principlesand foundations that exist in the Western world and that have facilitated the flexible harmonization ofinternational public law on education
Shimizu, Kazumi. "L'économie politique de François Perroux : une théorie générale". Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21019.
Testo completoThis thesis attempts to determine the characteristics of fr. Perroux's economic theory and to clarify its structure. The first chapter deals with his "domination theory" starting with the concept of "power", which is elaborated as "domination effect", whereas the second chapter concerns the economic dynamics of fr. Perroux, with special emphasis on the specific agent of "nation". These two previous chapters allow to understand his methodology known as "methodological collectivism", and to lay out the structure of his economics from three points of view : regulationist, internationalist, and saint-simonian. Each aspect is explained respectively in each of the last three chapters. The conclusion focuses on the absence of two concepts in his economics, money and crisis. In which the absence of "money" is related to that of "crisis". Paradoxically. In spite of this absence, fr. Perroux has developed two necessary concepts to explain the current crisis : the first is the "cooperative struggle (lutte-concours)" between dominant national economies, the second being the "domination effects" of strong "macro-units"
Kierzenkowski, Rafal. "Le canal étroit du crédit et la transmission de la politique monétaire : analyse théorique et application au cas de la Pologne". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090057.
Testo completoWe show that the bank lending channel can generate several regimes in the transmission process. It may either amplify or attenuate the effectiveness of monetary policy. On certain conditions, the direction of change in the spread between a loan rate and a riskless rate, a proxy of the monetary policy rate, contains a useful information for distinguishing different regimes. Empirically, we explain the effectiveness of monetary policy in Poland in the 90s. The weakness of monetary policy impulses between 1994 and 1999 results from a fixed exchange rate system, an attenuation regime and a demand-driven disequilibrium in the loan market. The existence of a stronger transmission since 1999 is linked to the adoption of a floating exchange rate system, the appearance of a neutrality regime and a supply-driven disequilibrium in the loan market
Maleki, Manuel. "Essais sur la nouvelle économie politique de la réforme". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354252.
Testo completoPourquoi certaines réformes sont-elles acceptées tandis que d'autres sont refusées ? Cette question qui se trouve au cœur de l'action politique est à la base de notre travail en sciences économiques. Pour déterminer les processus d'acceptation ou de rejet des réformes, nous nous sommes appuyés sur les travaux de la « nouvelle économie politique de la réforme », en distinguant trois éléments essentiels qui impactent l'acceptation des réformes. 1er élément : la crise économique. Elle a comme effet de modifier l'environnement et d'amener les agents à changer leurs comportements et donc à réformer. Toutefois, de nombreuses critiques contestent la validité de ce raisonnement : ceci tient en particulier au problème de la définition des baromètres de la crise. Nous présentons un nouveau modèle analytique qui a pour but d'expliciter le rôle de la crise économique en l'appréhendant comme un concept opérationnel.
Le deuxième élément est l'impact des institutions sur le processus de réforme. Plus particulièrement nous nous sommes intéressés à la cohérence institutionnelle qui existe tant au sein des institutions formelles que des institutions informelles. La notion de cohérence est fondamentale pour comprendre en quoi le cadre institutionnel est une aide ou un obstacle aux réformes. Cette réflexion nous amène à présenter une contribution analytique qui a pour objet de montrer l'importance de la cohérence institutionnel dans le processus d'acceptation des réformes. Enfin, le troisième élément est le rôle individuel joué par les hommes et femmes dans le processus de réforme à travers le soutien qu'ils peuvent apporter à ces politiques. Nous avons fait le point sur le soutien populaire aux réformes avant de proposer une étude économétrique qui a pour objectif de comprendre les déterminants individuels du soutien aux réformes économiques dans les Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale durant la phase de transition. L'importance du statut professionnel dans les choix des individus est également démontrée.
Bécot, Chantal. "Les acteurs urbains et la politique publique d'action foncière : la création d'espace économique dans l'agglomération bordelaise". Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40010.
Testo completoThe subject of this thesis is the public policy of the economic land lead in the communes of the urban community of bordeaux, from 1943 to 1993. The main object of this research is to understand why and how the local decidors use town planning procedures in order to create economic space. The conceptual referencies used to interpret the collected informations come from the organisational approach, completed with elements of public policy analysis. The evolvement of this thesis is organised so. The first part underlines the compulsions that limit the decisional freedom of the local decidors. The second part definies the concept of "urban actor" and revel the relationships of power existing in the "concrete system of action". The last part is consacreated to the analysis of the consequencies of the elements previously exposed : in one hand, the modifications of the studied public policy; in the other hand, the characteristics of the system of action explain the existency and the configuration of the local decisional style
Antona, Frédéric. "L'économie mixte : un instrument de l'action locale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20018.
Testo completoFiocca, Louis-Emmanuel. "L' analyse économique du droit d'auteur dans la société de l'information". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32059.
Testo completoKim, Geneuhc. "Distribution équitable et bien-être social : approches théorique et empirique sur données individuelles de la Corée du Sud". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010041.
Testo completoThis thesis takes as its subject matter themes in the field of income distribution, inequality (inequity) and economic justice. This thesis examines three important points : - the income distribution by the inequality measures ( Gini, Theil, Atkinson, etc. ) is competent as social welfare level. - The social welfare levels without and taking account of the objective parameters are compared. - The government has to choose the optimal tax rate and optimal transfer for reach the maximun social welfare in the malevolent economics
Laugaa, Manon. "En orbite de la ville numérique. Sociologie politique des cabinets de conseil satellites dans l'action publique urbaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04651325.
Testo completoThis thesis analyzes the role of consulting firms in the unfolding of the digital city and the effects of their activities on the reconfiguration of urban governance and public action. It offer a political sociology of consulting firms specialized in digital public action (data, smart city, etc.) by examining both the functioning of these organizations and their effects on public action. This approach allows questioning the diversity of the consulting field for the public sector and the variability of consultants’ professional practices.It is based on a four-year ethnographic study in a consulting firm, participant observation of five missions with public actors, analysis of consulting firms’ production and 30 interviews conducted with consultants from this firms, founders of competing firms, and public clients. The thesis combines the analysis of consultants’ discourses and representations with their practices. It takes seriously the “values” claimed by consulting firms by examining the effects of theses values on commercial and professional practices.This thesis reports on the transformation of the digital city through the analysis of intermediary actors positioning themselves between urban public actors and private companies, legitimizing their position by the threat posed by digital capitalism to the “sovereignty” of urban public actors. Benefiting from expertise, recognition and/or networks in the field of urban public action, these actors influence the framing of digital public action. They notably contribute to establishing data as a full-fledged political issue for urban governments. While advocating for a role in moralizing and regulating the digital city market, consulting firms ultimately contribute to the digitalization dynamic of urban public action
Lefouili, Yassine. "Innovation, propriété intellectuelle, concurrence et régulation : essais en économie industrielle". Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401985.
Testo completoJeandidier, Bruno. "L'offre individuelle de travail des bénéficiaires de l'allocation aux adultes handicapés". Nancy 2, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc519/1985NAN20008.pdf.
Testo completoDmitrijeva, Jekaterina. "Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0002/document.
Testo completoDuring the transition to market economy and the accession to the EU Central and Eastern European countries have witnessed remarkable changes in the structure and functioning of national economies. This thesis aims to assess the development of aggregate and regional labour markets in new EU member states through this eventful period and to investigate the role of active labour market policy in moderating the consequences of transitional shock and improving the performance of the labour market. The analysis of the process of worker-firm matching in Latvia, Slovenia and Estonia reveals that in transition - EU accession context the hiring process is labour demand driven and displays the existence of stock-flow patterns and spatial spillovers. The effects of ALMP programs are confirmed to be positive at both macroeconomic and individual levels: involvement of unemployed in training increases aggregate outflows from unemployment to jobs and increases individual employability of participants
Coulibaly, Doté. "L' étatisation et la crise économique des pays en voie de développement : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D009.
Testo completoNiang, Birahim Bouna. "Epargne, politique financière et développement économique : fondements analytiques et application au cas du Sénégal". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100098.
Testo completoThe third world debt crisis points out the relevance of reflection about development finance strategy. The latter concerns the ways and means that enable the formation, the mobilization and the channeling of financial resources. Therefore it requires on the one hand a good knowledge of savings behavior which may take on particular characteristics in an open economy and the construction of an efficient financial organization on the other hand. Such a strategy can be deployed through monetary policy, budgetary policy and external debt. Thus, the problem of public decision-maker is to know how to articulate these different tools and how to achieve their optimal use. In a situation of uncertainty optimal external debt requires the respect of certain rules: mobilization of domestic resources, consistency between debt and repayment capacity, and allocation of the debt to productive purposes and improvement of investment productivity. The other means of development financial strategy rely on the internal financial structures. The characteristics of an under-developed economy justify the existence of a financial organization close to that of debt economy in which public powers play a major role in encouraging financial institutions and financial habits. The financial function of tax must be met well with an efficient collection and realist tax exemptions. The Senegalese case has been studied during the period of 1960-1982 in the light of this theatrical framework. The results of the study suggest the inefficiency of the strategy adopted which is marked by the appeal to external resources and a suboptimal use of the other financial tools. The rhythm and the allocation of capital accumulation have not been controlled and the financial dependence has become more important. The implications of this study are structural reforms that concern the franc area mechanisms and savings-investment process
Rivon, Ronan. "La création d'entreprises issues de la recherche publique : enjeux, problématiques et stratégies institutionnelles". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0038.
Testo completoThe issue of technology transfer from public research institutes towards Industry has drawn considerable attention over recent years, thus mobilizing a wide range of socio-economic actors striving to fulfill the institutional and organizational requirements of Science-Industry relationships. Among the existing mechanisms of technology transfer, the creation of public research spin-offs has come under intense scrutiny given its characteristics and potentialities regarding public research commercialization. However, the complexities and varied constraints faced by this process represent a major impediment for the authorities in charge of its setting up. Particularly, the emergence and development of such a process within public research organizations raise new questions in a traditionally non commercial environment, thus requiring new institutional patterns and practices. In order to shed light on this complex and specific mechanism of technology transfer, we will start-off with describing and highlighting the various dimensions and issues related to it. Next, we will focus more specifically on the way public research organizations set up the spinning-off policies and strategies to meet the requirements of technology transfer. At last, we will round out our analysis by presenting a case study of the Genopôle d’Evry, a French science park mainly dedicated to the nurturing of biotechnology spin-offs