Bibliografie tematiche / Economie de la complexité

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 20 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

Decreuse, Bruno, e Pierre Granier. "Adaptabilité et complexité". Revue économique 56, n. 3 (2005): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.563.0551.

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Poncet, Sandra, e Felipe Starosta de Waldemar. "Complexité économique et croissance". Revue économique 64, n. 3 (2013): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.643.0495.

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Moteng, Ghislain, Henri Njangang, Youssouf Nvuh-Njoya e Luc Ndeffo Nembot. "International Sanctions and Economic Complexity in developing Countries". Revue d'économie politique Vol. 133, n. 3 (26 giugno 2023): 409–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.333.0409.

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Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, les sanctions internationales sont devenues un outil populaire utilisé par les pays développés et certaines organisations internationales pour exprimer leur mécontentement à l’égard du comportement de certains pays. La question de l’efficacité des sanctions est de plus en plus débattue depuis l’annexion de la Crimée en 2014 et la récente invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie. Alors que plusieurs études empiriques ont remis en question l’efficacité des sanctions internationales, notamment en ce qui concerne leurs effets négatifs sur le bien-être des populations, on sait étonnamment peu de choses sur l’effet transnational des sanctions sur la complexité économique. Cette étude examine donc, pour la première fois, les effets des sanctions internationales sur la complexité économique dans 76 pays en développement au cours de la période 1998-2019. Notre modèle de base inclut les sanctions de l’Union Européenne, des États-Unis et de l’ONU, et les résultats empiriques montrent que les sanctions internationales réduisent la complexité économique, les sanctions de l’UE étant plus préjudiciables pour les pays cibles. Ces résultats sont robustes lorsque l’on considère d’autres mesures des sanctions internationales (y compris les sanctions unilatérales, plurilatérales, économiques, non économiques, financières, commerciales, militaires, les sanctions liées au voyage et aux armes, ainsi que l’intensité de ces sanctions), d’autres mesures de la complexité économique et l’instrumentation avec la part des votes importants à l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU. En outre, nous testons également les canaux potentiels et montrons que le capital humain, l’investissement étranger, la qualité institutionnelle et le terrorisme sont des mécanismes par lesquels les sanctions internationales pourraient affecter la complexité économique. Classification Jel : F51 ; O11 ; O33

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Livet, Pierre. "Philosophie économique et complexité". Revue de philosophie économique Vol. 22, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2022): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rpec.222.0177.

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Rebaï, Lilia, e David Flacher. "Complexité tarifaire et choix de consommation". Revue d'économie industrielle, n. 143 (15 novembre 2013): 133–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rei.5655.

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Bouraoui, Adel. "Hayek, l'« ordre spontané » et la complexité". Revue économique 60, n. 6 (2009): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.606.1335.

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Anderson, Cameron D. "Economic Voting, Multilevel Governance and Information in Canada". Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, n. 2 (giugno 2008): 329–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908080414.

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Abstract.While an important component of incumbent support, the effect of economic conditions on vote choice (economic voting) can be undermined by the presence of multilevel institutions; voters are faced with the prospect of evaluating economic conditions and governments at different levels simultaneously. This paper tests the applicability of a model which seeks to account for how and how well voters cope with the complexity of multilevel governance. The accountability-centred model suggests that federal and provincial governments should only be evaluated for those actions and outcomes that they can reasonably be seen to have influence over. Additionally, it is asked whether high information respondents are better able to navigate some of the complexities of Canada's multilevel system. Analyses are conducted using data from the 1993 and 1997 Canadian Election Studies.Résumé.Les conditions économiques constituent un facteur d'appui électoral important pour les dirigeants politiques. Il semble, toutefois, que l'impact de ce facteur soit amoindri dans les États présentant plusieurs niveaux de gouvernement. Dans les sociétés ayant des institutions multi-paliers, les électeurs ont en effet le défi d'attribuer les performances économiques aux divers paliers de gouvernement. Cet article teste un modèle théorique qui tente d'expliquer comment les électeurs se comportent face à la complexité de la gouvernance multi-paliers au Canada. Le modèle, centré sur la responsabilité des dirigeants, suggère que les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux devraient uniquement être jugés pour les décisions et résultats politiques sur lesquels ils exercent manifestement une influence. Cet article examine, en outre, la question de savoir si les électeurs bien informés saisissent mieux la complexité de la gouvernance multi-paliers lorsqu'ils évaluent la performance des dirigeants. L'analyse se fonde sur les données de l'Étude électorale canadienne de 1993 et de 1997.

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Gazier, Bernard. "La discrimination économique est-elle soluble dans la complexité ?" Revue de l'OFCE 114, n. 3 (2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.114.0045.

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Clément, Jean-François. "Réda Benkirane, La Complexité, vertiges et promesses. Histoires de sciences". Questions de communication, n. 44 (31 dicembre 2023): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/questionsdecommunication.33535.

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Ricci, Daniela. "Land Rush, pratique documentaire et regard sur la complexité du réel". International Journal of Francophone Studies 23, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2020): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs_00018_1.

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This article offers an analysis of the documentary Land Rush by Osvalde Lewat and Hugo Berkeley. The study shows how the film is an example of the multiple points of view, particularly sensitive to people’s living conditions. This is the result of a dual gaze of the filmmakers and also of the specific positioning of Osvalde Lewat, a Cameroonian who navigates between various countries and lives in the space of the diaspora. From her ‘situated gaze’, she offers a particular perspective on the fragility of villagers confronting environmental issues, international market and economic rules. Far removed from stereotypes, she shows how rural communities are faced with choices that can change their lives. At the same time, she attests to the fact that no matter the condition, one can resist and define one’s own destiny. It is a contemporary practice of documentary that Osvalde Lewat uses her experiences as a journalist and then as a filmmaker, to fight against injustices of all kinds.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

Naumann-Woleske, Karl. "Scenario Discovery in a Complex Economy : Exploring the Parameter space of Agent-based Models". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX005.

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L'économie, en ce qu’elle comporte des effets non-linéaires, une adaptabilité des agents et des dynamiques de hors-équilibre, présente des phénomènes émergents tels que des crises et des inégalités, induites par les réactions des agents et les interventions politiques.La modélisation basée sur les agents (agent based models en anglais, ou ABM) est une approche de modélisation récente en macroéconomie qui retrouve ces phénomènes en simulant une multiplicité d'agents hétérogènes en interaction.Bien que cette méthode puisse générer des phénomènes émergents, elle a souvent été critiquée comme étant une boîte noire où les mécanismes de causalité ne sont pas clairs et où il existe un ensemble trop vaste de dynamiques générées.Cette thèse propose une méthode pour aborder la question fondamentale : Quel est l'ensemble de phénomènes qualitativement différents qu'un Modèle d’Agents Macroeconomique (denoté MABM en anglais) peut générer, et qu'est-ce qui régit le passage d’un phénomène macroeconomique à un autre ?S'inspirant de la recherche en biophysique, l'idée centrale postule qu'il n'y a que quelques combinaisons critiques de paramètres qui déterminent un état spécifique du système (ou phase).En exploitant ces combinaisons avec un algorithme de gradient, steepest ascent ici, on peut efficacement découvrir l'ensemble de phénomènes différents qu'un MABM peut générer.L’intérêt de cette approche réside dans le fait qu’elle revele la révélation une structure plus simple que la complexité du MABM, ouvrant la voie à des politiques économiques efficaces qui se concentrent sur les directions pertinentes dans l’espace des paramètres.Cela suggère également que malgré la complexité d'un MABM et le nombre élevé de paramètres, l'ajustement de ces modèles ne nécessite que l'ajustement des directions pertinentes pour avoir un pouvoir prédictif.La première partie de cette thèse développe les méthodes derrière l'algorithme, mettant en évidence son efficacité sur les "Fourmis de Kirman", un modèle simple de comportement d’agents en interaction.L'algorithme est ensuite utilisé, et son efficacite demontrée, sur le MABM stylisé Mark-0 qui présente une phénoménologie riche avec un ensemble connu de phases macroscopiques. Je montre notamment comment nous pouvons récupérer les differentes phases malgré la complexité de la dynamique du modèle.La deuxième partie de cette thèse adopte en fait une approche inverse, intégrant des interactions intra-inter-agents dans des modèles macroéconomiques d'équilibre, dévoilant des phases émergentes et des crises endogènes.Ainsi, cette thèse explore le champ des ABMs, dévoilant leur potentiel dans la génération de différents scénarios qui peuvent être utilisés pour éclairer les décisions politiques dans des systèmes dynamiquement complexes
The economy, characterized by non-linearity, adaptability, and non-equilibrium dynamics, exhibits emergent phenomena, such as crises and inequalities, shaped by agents' reactions and policy interventions. Agent-based Modeling (ABM) is a recent modeling approach in macroeconomics that generates these phenomena from the ground up by simulating a multiplicity of heterogeneous interacting agents. While this method can generate emergent phenomena, it has often been critiqued as a black-box where causal mechanisms are unclear and there too vast set of generated dynamics. This thesis proposes a method to approach the fundamental question: What is the set of qualitatively different phenomena can an Macroeconomic Agent-based Model (MABM) generate, and what governs their transitions?Drawing on research in biophysics, the core idea posits that there are only a few critical parameter combinations that govern a specific outcome. Exploiting these with a gradient ascent algorithm, one can effectively uncover the set of different phenomena a MABM can recover. The significance of this approach lies in revealing a simpler structure beneath MABM complexity, paving the way for effective policies that address critical parameter directions. It also suggests that despite the complexity of an MABM and the high number of parameters, fitting these models requires only fitting critical directions to have predictive power.The first part of this thesis develops the methods behind the algorithm, highlighting its power on Kirman's Ants, a simple model of agent-herding. The algorithm is then demonstrated on the stylized Mark-0 MABM that has a rich phenomenology with a known set of phenomena. I show how we can recover this set of phenomena despite the complexity of the model's dynamics. The second part of this thesis actually adopts a reverse approach, embedding intra-agent interactions in equilibrium macroeconomic models, unveiling emergent phases and endogenous crises in these models. In its essence, this thesis navigates the intricate terrain of ABMs, unraveling their potential in generating different scenarios that can be used to inform policy decisions in dynamically complex systems

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Geraci, Marco Valerio. "Essays on Complexity in the Financial System". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257470.

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The goal of this thesis is to study the two key aspects of complexity of the financial system: interconnectedness and nonlinear relationships. In Chapter 1, I contribute to the literature that focuses on modelling the nonlinear relationship between variables at the extremes of their distribution. In particular, I study the nonlinear relationship between stock prices and short selling. Whereas most of the academic literature has focused on measuring the relationship between short selling and asset returns on average, in Chapter 1, I focus on studying the relationship that arises in the extremes of the two variables. I show that the association between financial stock prices and short selling can become extremely strong under exceptional circumstances, while at the same time being weak in normal times. The tail relationship is stronger for small cap firms, a result that is intuitively in line with the empirical findings that stocks with lower liquidity are more price-sensitive to short selling. Finally, results show that the adverse tail correlation between increases in short selling and declines in stock prices was not always lower during the ban periods, but had declined markedly towards the end of the analysis window. Such results cast doubts about the effectiveness of bans as a way to prevent self-reinforcing downward price spirals during the crisis. In Chapter 2, I propose a measure of interconnectedness that takes into account the time-varying nature of connections between financial institutions. Here, the parameters underlying comovement are allowed to evolve continually over time through permanent shifts at every period. The result is an extremely flexible measure of interconnectedness, which uncovers new dynamics of the US financial system and can be used to monitor financial stability for regulatory purposes. Various studies have combined statistical measures of association (e.g. correlation, Granger causality, tail dependence) with network techniques, in order to infer financial interconnectedness (Billio et al. 2012; Barigozzi and Brownlees, 2016; Hautsch et al. 2015). However, these standard statistical measures presuppose that the inferred relationships are time-invariant over the sample used for the estimation. To retrieve a dynamic measure of interconnectedness, the usual approach has been to divide the original sample period into multiple subsamples and calculate these statistical measures over rolling windows of data. I argue that this is potentially unsuitable if the system studied is time-varying. By relying on short subsamples, rolling windows lower the power of inference and induce dimensionality problems. Moreover, the rolling window approach is known to be susceptible to outliers because, in small subsamples, these have a larger impact on estimates (Zivot and Wang, 2006). On the other hand, choosing longer windows will lead to estimates that are less reactive to change, biasing results towards time-invariant connections. Thus, the rolling window approach requires the researcher to choose the window size, which involves a trade-off between precision and flexibility (Clark and McCracken, 2009). The choice of window size is critical and can lead to different results regarding interconnectedness. The major novelty of the framework is that I recover a network of financial spillovers that is entirely dynamic. To do so, I make the modelling assumption that the connection between any two institutions evolves smoothly through time. I consider this assumption reasonable for three main reasons. First, since connections are the result of many financial contracts, it seems natural that they evolve smoothly rather than abruptly. Second, the assumption implies that the best forecast of a connection in the future is the state of that connection today. This is consistent with the notion of forward-looking prices. Third, the assumption allows for high flexibility and for the data to speak for itself. The empirical results show that financial interconnectedness peaked around two main events: the Long-Term Capital Management crisis of 1998 and the great financial crisis of 2008. During these two events, I found that large banks and broker/dealers were among the most interconnected sectors and that real estate companies were the most vulnerable to financial spillovers. At the individual financial institution level, I found that Bear Stearns was the most vulnerable financial institution, however, it was not a major propagator, and this might explain why its default did not trigger a systemic crisis. Finally, I ranked financial institutions according to their interconnectedness and I found that rankings based on the time-varying approach were more stable than rankings based on other market-based measures (e.g. marginal expected short fall by Acharya et al. (2012) and Brownlees and Engle (2016)). This aspect is significant for policy makers because highly unstable rankings are unlikely to be useful to motivate policy action (Danielsson et al. 2015; Dungey et al. 2013). In Chapter 3, rather than assuming interconnectedness as an exogenous process that has to be inferred, as is done in Chapter 2, I model interconnectedness as an endogenous function of market dynamics. Here, I take interconnectedness as the realized correlation of asset returns. I seek to understand how short selling can induce higher interconnectedness by increasing the negative price pressure on pairs of stocks. It is well known that realized correlation varies continually through time and becomes higher during market events, such as the liquidation of large funds. Most studies model correlation as an exogenous stochastic process, as is done, for example, in Chapter 2. However, recent studies have proposed to interpret correlation as an endogenous function of the supply and demand of assets (Brunnermeier and Pedersen, 2005; Brunnermeier and Oehmke, 2014; Cont and Wagalath, 2013; Yang and Satchell, 2007). Following these studies, I analyse the relationship between short selling and correlation between assets. First, thanks to new data on public short selling disclosures for the United Kingdom, I connect stocks based on the number of common short sellers actively shorting them. I then analyse the relationship between common short selling and excess correlation of those stocks. To this end, I measure excess correlation as the monthly realized correlation of four-factor Fama and French (1993) and Carhart (1997) daily returns. I show that common short selling can predict one-month ahead excess correlation, controlling for similarities in size, book-to-market, momentum, and several other common characteristics. I verify the confirm the predictive ability of common short selling out-of-sample, which could prove useful for risk and portfolio managers attempting to forecast the future correlation of assets. Moreover, I showed that this predictive ability can be used to establish a trading strategy that yields positive cumulative returns over 12 months. In the second part of the chapter I concentrate on possible mechanisms that could give rise to this effect. I focus on three, non-exclusive, mechanisms. First, short selling can induce higher correlation in asset prices through the price-impact mechanism (Brunnermeier and Oehmke, 2014; Cont and Wagalath, 2013). According to this mechanism, short sellers can contribute to price declines by creating sell-order imbalances i.e. by increasing excess supply of an asset. Thus, short selling across several stocks should increase the realized correlation of those stocks. Second, common short selling can be associated with higher correlation if short sellers are acting as voluntary liquidity providers. According to this mechanisms, short sellers might act as liquidity providers in times of high buy-order imbalances (Diether et al. 2009b). In this cases, the low returns observed after short sales might be compensations to short sellers for providing liquidity. In a multi-asset setting, this mechanism would result in short selling being associated with higher correlation mechanism. Both above-mentioned mechanisms deliver a testable hypothesis that I verify. In particular, both mechanisms posit that the association between short selling and correlation should be stronger for stocks which are low on liquidity. For the first mechanism, the price impact effect should be stronger for illiquid stocks and stocks with low market depth. For the liquidity provision mechanism, the compensation for providing liquidity should be higher for illiquid stocks. The empirical results cannot confirm that uncovered association between short selling and correlation is stronger for illiquid stocks, thus not supporting the price-impact and liquidity provision hypothesis. I thus examine a third possible mechanism that could explain the uncovered association between short selling and correlation i.e. the informative trading mechanism. Short sellers have been found to be sophisticated market agents which can predict future returns (Dechow et al. 2001). If this is indeed the case, then short selling should be associated with higher future correlation. I found that informed common short selling i.e. common short selling that is linked to informative trading, was strongly associated to future excess correlation. This evidence supports the informative trading mechanism as an explanation for the association between short selling and correlation. In order to further verify this mechanism, I checked if informed short selling takes place in the data, whilst controlling for several of the determinants of short selling, including short selling costs. The results show evidence of both informed and momentum-based non-informed short selling taking place. Overall, the results have several policy implications for regulators. The results suggest that the relationship between short selling and future excess correlation is driven by informative short selling, thus confirming the sophistication of short sellers and their proven importance for market efficiency and price informativeness (Boehmer and Wu, 2013). On the other hand, I could not dismiss that also non-informative momentum-based short selling is taking place in the sample. The good news is that I did not find evidence of a potentially detrimental price-impact effect of common short selling for illiquid stock, which is the sort of predatory effect that regulators often fear.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Pedrozo, Eugenio Avila. "Cadre conceptuel pour le management des coopératives agricoles : l'économie des conventions, la systématique et la complexité". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01751661.

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Nous nous proposons d'analyser le fonctionnement des coopératives agricoles définies comme le rassemblement d'un groupe d'individus afin de résoudre de façon solidaire leurs problèmes économiques. La coopérative est caractérisée par la dominance de phénomènes liés à communalité des décisions (de caractère cognitifs) et de la perception des flux d'information dans un cadre dynamique. L’objectif de cette recherche est d'obtenir une représentation, la plus fidèle possible, de la coopérative dans ses grandeurs essentielles. Jusqu’à présent les représentations, fondées sur une approche unique, ont du mal à capturer, de façon simultanée, les multiples dimensions de ce phénomène. C’est pourquoi, l'ensemble des activités de la coopérative est analysé simultanément à l'aide de trois approches que l'on cherche à intégrer: l'économie des conventions, la systémique, l'approche par la complexité. Les points de focalisation de cette recherche incluent: la coordination, la téléologie, l'information, la dynamique, l'auto-organisation, l'autonomie, la décision, l'ordre et le désordre, l'interaction, la modélisation, etc. Nous avons comme approches sous-jacentes: le constructivisme, la rationalité limitée, la rationalité procédurale, l'interdisciplinarité

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Arcuset, Laurent. "La prise en compte de la diversité des acteurs dans un processus de tourisme durable". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989600.

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Cette recherche-action est consacrée au développement durable appliqué au tourisme. Elle débute par l'analyse des textes fondamentaux pour connaître l'essence même de la durabilité. Elle se poursuit par l'analyse de la prise en compte du concept par les acteurs liés au tourisme. Elle se termine par des préconisations opérationnelles pour faciliter l'application du concept, en s'appuyant sur des expériences variées, menées au sein de territoires, d'entreprises et de formations. Cette recherche nous a semblé utile car nous sommes conscients de l'aggravation des problèmes environnementaux et sociaux de la planète, et de la part de responsabilité du tourisme. Nous avons observé, en 15 ans d'expériences, que des acteurs œuvrent en faveur de nouvelles formes de tourisme, moins prédatrices pour l'environnement, plus performantes socialement. Malheureusement ces initiatives sont souvent fragiles, marginales et marginalisées. Les raisons sont multiples. La plus fondamentale à nos yeux est le manque de savoir-faire pour qu'elles deviennent significatives. Celui-ci impose un changement de culture et de pratiques et l'application de valeurs universelles au service de la stimulation et de l'autonomie, dans une logique de coopération généralisée. L'économie n'est pas oubliée dans cette recherche. Aujourd'hui, le tourisme en France perd en compétitivité, en se basant sur des standards et des normes engendrant une concurrence effrénée entre les destinations et les entreprises. Il convient de changer de modèle pour favoriser une offre territorialement intégrée, diffuse, diversifiée, créative, inspirée, innovante, reposant sur des valeurs, une offre capable de répondre aux attentes des touristes et des citoyens.

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Ayres, Matthew James. "A decision theoretic approach to imperfect recall and complexity". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367800.

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Eldredge, Blaine Thomas. "Rhetorical emergence and the economy : the Sante Fe Institute Artificial Stock Market, complexity economics, and the rhetorical dimensions of economic activity". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56364.

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Drawing on work in digital and algorithmic rhetoric, I analyze the organization of space and time in complexity models. I argue that the success of complexity economic models is a consequence of their ability to reflect the rhetorical situation of the marketplace: they represent time as a series of causal interactions and space as a consequence of coordinated interaction. Complexity economics investigates the inclination of markets to behave as complex systems: self-organizing, emergent, and non-linear. The 1999 Artificial Stock Market designed by Sante Fe Institute theorists Blake LeBaron, William Brian Arthur, and Richard Palmer is perhaps the fundamental expression of a complex marketplace. It was among the first models to accurately predict market downturns, a success that followed as a consequence of its construction. In ordinary market models, traders are driven by profit maximization and a simple recursive strategy: they remember their mistakes, and respond to analogous market situations with new information in a linear, causal process. In their model, LeBaron, Arthur, and Palmer created a series of overlapping causal processes in which the market could operate as a persuasive agent. In complexity economics, the market is itself an interlocutive agent, thereby permitting nonlinear, bidirectional causality. These causal modes have spatial and temporal corollaries. The unique compositions of complex economies is rhetorical. Their complex causal processes reflect a discursive marketplace in which space and time to emerge as relational properties.
Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate

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Gomes, Hélène. "Gestion écosystémique et durabilité des pêcheries artisanales tropicales face aux changements globaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022YANE0004.

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Les changements globaux induisent de grandes pressions sur les écosystèmes marins, leurbiodiversité et les pêcheries qui en dépendent. Dans ce contexte, de nombreux scientifiquesprônent l'utilisation de l'approche écosystémique pour la gestion de pêches (AEGP). Néanmoins,la manière d’opérationnaliser l’AEGP reste controversée. La thèse apporte des éclairages surl’opérationnalisation de cette dernière pour les pêcheries côtières tropicales.Pour ce faire, nous proposons un modèle de complexité intermédiaire (MICE) multi-espèces,multi-flottilles et multi-critères, prenant en compte les impacts des changements globaux. Lemodèle est calibré pour la pêcherie artisanale côtière guyanaise. A l'échelle guyanaise, leréchauffement climatique, l'augmentation de population humaine et les variations de surface dela mangrove sont considérés comme les déterminants majeurs du changement global. A partirdu modèle calibré, plusieurs stratégies de pêche et scénarios environnementaux sont comparésà long terme. Dans ce cadre, des premiers résultats publiés (chapitre 3) montrent le rôle négatifdu changement climatique à la fois sur la biodiversité marine et la production halieutique. Cestravaux mettent également en évidence le rôle majeur de la compétition entre espèces depoissons. Puis dans le chapitre 4 en comparant les résultats bio-économiques obtenus pourchaque stratégie de pêche, ces travaux mettent en lumière l’intérêt de stratégies d’éco-viabilitéen termes de durabilité et de réconciliation écologico-économique. Les derniers résultatsprésentés dans cette thèse, au chapitre 5, soulignent l’impact positif de la mangrove, bienqu’insuffisant pour compenser l’impact négatif du réchauffement climatique, sur la durabilitéécologico-économique de la pêche côtière. Au-delà de ces résultats, cette thèse apporte unesérie de contributions transversales importantes. En premier lieu, sur le plan méthodologique,ces travaux permettent d'exposer les avantages des MICE pour la mise en place de l’AEGP.Ensuite, en mettant en évidence les facteurs écologiques majeurs de l'écosystème avec d'unepart l'interaction de compétition et d'autre part les filtres environnementaux, les travauxéclairent les complexités écologiques nécessaires à l’AEGP. Enfin, en évaluant et comparant lesperformances écologico-économiques de différentes stratégies de pêche, ces travauxpermettent d'ébaucher des politiques publiques pour avancer vers la durabilité de la pêcheriecôtière guyanaise et vers l’AEGP face aux changements globaux
Global changes induce high pressure on marine ecosystems, biodiversity and fisheries. In thatregard many scientists advocate the use of an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM).However, the operationalization of such an ecosystem-based approach remains challenging. Thisthesis gives insight into the operationalization of EBFM for tropical coastal fisheries. To achievethat we propose a multi-species, multi-fleet and multi-criteria model of intermediate complexity(MICE), taking into account the impacts of global changes. The model is calibrated for theGuyanese small-scale coastal fishery. At local scale, global warming, the increase of populationand the variations of mangrove surface are considered as the main drivers of global changes.From the calibrated model, several fishing management strategies and environmental scenariosare compared in the long-run. In this context, the first results published (chapter 3) show thedetrimental impact of climate change on both marine biodiversity and fishery production. Thispaper also highlights the major role of ecological competition between species. Then, in thechapter 4, by comparing the bio-economic results obtained under each fishing managementstrategy, this research demonstrates the interest of Ecoviability strategies in terms ofsustainability and ecologico-economic reconciliation. The last results displayed in this thesis, inchapter 5, underline the positive impact of mangrove on ecologico-economic sustainability of thecoastal fishery, even if it is insufficient to balance the negative impact of warming. Beyond theseresults, this thesis brings a series of important transverse contributions. First, methodologically,this research permits to show the benefits of MICE to operationalize EBFM. Then, by highlightingthe major ecological factors of the ecosystem with on the one hand the interaction ofcompetition and on the other hand the environmental filters, the work sheds light on theecological complexities necessary for the EBFM. Finally, by evaluating and comparing theecologico-economic performances of several fishing strategies, this research permits to outlinepolicy recommendations to move towards the sustainability of the Guyanese coastal fishery andtowards EBFM, in the face of global changes

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Ollendorff, Christine. "Construction d'un diagnostic complexe d'une bibliothèque académique". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005324.

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Dans une première partie, nous étudions les bibliothèques académiques dont les principes fondateurs sont aujourd'hui interrogés par la société de l'information. Le gestionnaire d'une bibliothèque recherche la voie d'avancement la meilleure possible pour l'unité qu'il conduit. Les outils d'évaluation et de management utilisés en bibliothèque suscitente des insatisfactions car ils sont parfois inaptes à rendre compte de la nécessité d'une vision holistique de la bibliothèque. L'appproche constructiviste du management semble alors une alternative plausible pour aider les gestionnaires de biblithèques académiques à construire une vision stratégique de ces organisations. Nous bâtissons alors, dans une deuxième partie, un projet de modélisation basé sur la modélisation des systèmes complexes préconisée par Jean-Louis Le Moigne et sur la méthodologie des systèmes souples de Peter Checkland. Notre terrain de recherche est constitué de bibliothèques académiques françaises dans lesquelles nous effectuons interviews et observations participantes. Nous construisons un diagnostic en trois phases. La première phase permt au gestionnaire de visualiser l'offre de service dont nous montrons qu'elle est en évolution selon les trois axes des technologies, des moyens et des savoir-faire mise en oeuvre. La deuxième phase interroge le système informationnel de la bibliothèque, par une étude des environnements dans lequel l'organisation évolue et des flux qui la traversent. La troisième phase étudie le système décisionnel, s'intéressant à son organisation, à la circulation de l'information interne et aux processus de décision mis en oeuvre. Ce diagnostic en construction permanente est entendu dans la continuité du management de la bibliothèque et non comme une première étape d'une stratégie. Il est mis en oeuvre dans cinq bibliothèques. Les résultats montrent la richesse de l'apport de la modélisation, qui permet de proposer des modèles évolutifs, transposables et permettant l'apprentissage.

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Holstein, Philippe. "La soutenabilité des économies insulaires coloniales et postcoloniales : le cas de l’île de La Réunion". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0021/document.

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Petits, isolés, vulnérables, les territoires insulaires apparaissent comme les symboles des interrogations sur la soutenabilité des systèmes économiques. Cette coïncidence n’a rien de fortuite. Les expériences insulaires et coloniales occupent une place centrale dans la formation de l’économie politique, qui s’intéresse initialement tant à l’accroissement des richesses qu’à la pérennité de cette dynamique, notamment en raison des contraintes écologiques. Réciproquement, l’économie politique nourrit la formation d’un nouvel art de gouverner qui influence en profondeur les trajectoires insulaires et produit des rapports de pouvoir, qui persistent encore. Notamment à travers la notion de développement (durable) qui naturalise une lecture utilitariste de la soutenabilité. En rapprochant le paradigme de la complexité, l’économie écologique et les approches poststructuralistes, cette thèse propose d’explorer la construction de ce concept puis de le repenser dans un cadre institutionnaliste qui intègre pleinement les facteurs écologiques, symboliques et sociaux et la pluralité des formes d’organisation des économies. Elle étudie ensuite la construction et les ressorts de l’économie de plantation, à La Réunion et dans les Caraïbes, en interrogeant le paradoxe de l’ « insoutenabilité durable » : comment une économie fondée sur la destruction et incapable de satisfaire les finalités assignées en raison de ses contradictions, peut-elle se maintenir dans la longue durée ? Une troisième partie questionne la soutenabilité du projet départemental : décréter le développement, métamorphoser une colonie ruinée en une économie moderne, équilibrée, tirée par une croissance auto-entretenue
Small, isolated and vulnerable, islands have become symbols in current debates on the sustainability of economic systems. This is no coincidence. For colonial and insular experiences have played a key role in the emergence of political economy, which, initially focused on the creation of wealth as much as on its durability. Conversely, political economy nurtured the development of a new “art of government” which has deeply influenced islands trajectories and engendered new relations of power that persist today. In particular through the concept of (sustainable) development that naturalizes a contingent, utilitarian, view of sustainability. By bringing together the paradigm of complexity, ecological economics and poststructuralist works, this thesis aims to deconstruct this concept and reframe it through an institutionalist and interdisciplinary approach that fully integrates ecological, symbolic and social factors as well as the multiplicity of economies. It then studies the formation and evolution of plantation economies, both in Reunion Island and the Caribbean, to question the paradox of “durable unsustainability”: why and how can an economy grounded on destruction and unable to satisfy the ends it was designed for, maintain itself on the long term? A third part queries the sustainability of the “departementalisation” project, i.e. decreeing development: turning a ruined colony in a modern economy, able to reach European standards through self-sustained growth. It thus emphasizes the retroactions that wiped this utopia out to give birth to an original, yet fragile, model of resilient dependence

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Angus, Simon Douglas Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Economic networks: communication, cooperation & complexity". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27005.

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This thesis is concerned with the analysis of economic network formation. There are three novel sections to this thesis (Chapters 5, 6 and 8). In the first, the non-cooperative communication network formation model of Bala and Goyal (2000) (BG) is re-assessed under conditions of no inertia. It is found that the Strict Nash circle (or wheel) structure is still the equilibrium outcome for n = 3 under no inertia. However, a counter-example for n = 4 shows that with no inertia infinite cycles are possible, and hence the system does not converge. In fact, cycles are found to quickly dominate outcomes for n > 4 and further numerical simulations of conditions approximating no inertia (probability of updating > 0.8 to 1) indicate that cycles account for a dramatic slowing of convergence times. These results, together with the experimental evidence of Falk and Kosfeld (2003) (FK) motivate the second contribution of this thesis. A novel artificial agent model is constructed that allows for a vast strategy space (including the Best Response) and permits agents to learn from each other as was indicated by the FK results. After calibration, this model replicates many of the FK experimental results and finds that an externality exploiting ratio of benefits and costs (rather than the difference) combined with a simple altruism score is a good proxy for the human objective function. Furthermore, the inequity aversion results of FK are found to arise as an emergent property of the system. The third novel section of this thesis turns to the nature of network formation in a trust-based context. A modified Iterated Prisoners' Dilemma (IPD) model is developed which enables agents to play an additional and costly network forming action. Initially, canonical analytical results are obtained despite this modification under uniform (non-local) interactions. However, as agent network decisions are 'turned on' persistent cooperation is observed. Furthermore, in contrast to the vast majority of non-local, or static network models in the literature, it is found that a-periodic, complex dynamics result for the system in the long-run. Subsequent analysis of this regime indicates that the network dynamics have fingerprints of self-organized criticality (SOC). Whilst evidence for SOC is found in many physical systems, such dynamics have been seldom, if ever, reported in the strategic interaction literature.

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Libri sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

History of Economics Society Conference (1998 Montréal, Québec). Complexity and the history of economic thought: Selected papers from the History of Economics Society Conference. London: Routledge, 2000.

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Remington, Kaye. Tools for complex projects. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2007.

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Orléan, André, Gérard Weisbuch e André Zwirn. Qu'appelle-t-on aujourd'hui les sciences de la complexité?: Langages, réseaux, marchés, territoires. Paris: Vuibert, 2010.

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Verboven, Koenraad, a cura di. Complexity Economics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47898-8.

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France), COMPLEXITY2000 (2000 Aix-en-Provence. Economic complexity: Non-linear dynamics, multi-agents economies, and learning. A cura di Barnett William A, Deissenberg Christophe e Feichtinger Gustav 1940-. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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Pagès, Max. Psychothérapie et complexité. Marseille: Hommes et perspectives, 1993.

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Morin, Edgar. La Complexité humaine. Paris: Flammarion, 1994.

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Nicolet, Jean-Louis. Risques et complexité. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2010.

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Narbonne, Yves. Complexité et systémique. Paris: Hermès science publications, 2005.

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Lestocart, Louis-José, e Zoï Kapoula. Esthétique et complexité. Paris: CNRS éditions, 2011.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

Mann, Geoff. "Economie$". In A Companion to Social Geography, 72–90. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444395211.ch5.

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Coret, André. "Complexité". In L'a-Préhension Du Réel, 25–31. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315079509-4.

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Postma, Maarten, e Cornelis Boersma. "Farmaco-economie". In Handboek farmaceutische geneeskunde, 99–118. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0265-9_7.

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Gamble, Hamish. "Economic Complexity". In The Future of Work and Technology, 77–96. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003393757-5.

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Antonietti, Roberto. "Economic Complexity". In Global Handbook of Inequality, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97417-6_62-1.

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Onozaki, Tamotsu. "From Nonlinear Economic Dynamics to Complexity Economics". In Nonlinearity, Bounded Rationality, and Heterogeneity, 129–36. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54971-0_4.

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Kirman, Alan. "Complexity economics". In Rethinking Economics, 91–106. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa Business, [2017]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315407265-8.

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Beker, Victor A. "Complexity economics". In Economic Theory for the Real World, 25–38. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003395799-3.

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Daems, Dries. "Social Complexity and Complexity Economics: Studying Socio-economic Systems at Düzen Tepe and Sagalassos (SW Turkey)". In Complexity Economics, 163–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47898-8_6.

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Verboven, Koenraad. "Introduction: Finding a New Approach to Ancient Proxy Data". In Complexity Economics, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47898-8_1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

Bury, Emmanuel, e Delphine Denis. "L’Astrée : éloge de la complexité". In L’Astrée d’Honoré d'Urfé (Première partie, éd. 1612) : un roman troublé. Fabula, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58282/colloques.11678.

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Gabriela, Paladines-García, Gabriela Moreno-Hurtado e Carlos Moreno-Hurtado. "Economic Complexity for Sustainability : From the linear economy to the Circular Economy". In 2023 18th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti58278.2023.10211697.

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Yongyi, Zhao, e Pan Qiang. "Intelligent data mining for economie prediction and analysis". In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icime.2010.5477741.

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Ramirez, W., X. Masip-Bruin, E. Marin-Tordera, M. Yannuzzi, A. Martinez, S. Sanchez, M. S. Siddiqui e V. Lopez. "A techno-economie study of network coding protection schemes". In GLOBECOM 2014 - 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037126.

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Koychuev, Turar, e Merim Koichueva. "The Transition of Kyrgyzstan to a Social Market Economy: The Features, Quality and Ways to Success". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01032.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic reform process of socialist economy and give them theoretical estimate over the past 20 years; to reflect the political, economic and social readiness of society to reforms; to point on the process of substitution of economic reform by political power struggle. The reforms had to initiated by economic sphere was held by government that consisted from the same political entity that was in Soviet period. The research methodology based on the principle of complexity and systemic, that reflects effects of historical, economic, social, cultural and educational factors of social development, the mentality of society, the scientific and theoretical level of labor on the processes of economic reform. The lack of experience in market economy pointed on largely insufficient knowledge of processes of market economy that developed economies had passed. The results of the study is identifying the opportunities for proper theoretical approach to the reform process, giving recommendations to society and the government to select real, positive economic policies that will contribute to the development and extending of modern economic outlook in the social environment.

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González, Arturo, Sanny González, Gabriel Pereira, Gerardo Blanco e Christian von Lücken. "International Economic Integration from the Perspective of Economic Complexity and Economic Fitness: A Methodological Proposal". In 8th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012059400003485.

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Kudrov, Alexander, e Mikhail Afanasyev. "Structures of strong sectors and assessments of the regional economy economic complexity". In Multivariate statistical analysis, econometrics and simulation of real processes. Proceedings of Xth International School-Seminar. CEMI RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0786-2-21-24.

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NAITOH, KEN. "MORPHOLOGIC ECONOMICS". In Quantum Mechanics, Elementary Particles, Quantum Cosmology and Complexity. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814335614_0074.

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KIRMAN, ALAN. "ECONOMICS AND COMPLEXITY". In Proceedings of the Wild@Ace 2003 Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702258_0002.

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GRECO, Fanccesco. "Complexity and economy". In The 4th International Conference on Economic Sciences and Business Administration. Fundatia Romania de Maine, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/v4.i1.20.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Economie de la complexité"

Kiv, A., V. Soloviev e K. Solovieva. Multiscaling of information complexity measures. Брама-Україна, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1298.

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The features of the complexity concept in social and economic systems. It is shown that the economic paradigm of complexity theory is an alternative in volatile dynamics of the global economy. Information and multiscale measures of complexity are used to analyze comparative dynamic complexity of systems in the current global financial crisis.

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Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose E., Jorge M. Uribe e Oscar Valencia. Sovereign Risk and Economic Complexity. Inter-American Development Bank, gennaio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005533.

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This paper investigates how a country's economic complexity influences its sovereign yield spread with respect to the United States. Notably, a one-unit increase in the Economic Complexity Index is associated with a reduction of about 87 basis points in the 10-year yield spread. However, this effect is largely non-significant for maturities under three years. This suggests that economic complexity affects not only the level of the sovereign yield spreads but also the curve slope. The first set of models utilizes advanced causal machine learning tools, while the second focuses on economic complexity's predictive power. Economic complexity ranks among the top three predictors, alongside inflation and institutional factors like the rule of law. The paper also discusses the potential mechanisms through which economic complexity reduces sovereign risk and emphasizes its role as a long-run determinant of productivity, output, and income stability, and the likelihood of fiscal crises.

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Silvis, Huib, e Martien Voskuilen. Economie van de pacht. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/460704.

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Соловйов, В. М., e К. В. Соловйова. Кількісні методи оцінки складності в прогнозуванні соціально-економічних систем. Видавець Ткачук О.В., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1333.

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The features of the complexity concept in social and economic systems. Shown that the economic paradigm of complexity theory is an alternative in volatile dynamics of the global economy. Information and fractal measures of complexity used to analyze comparative dynamic complexity of systems in the current global financial crisis.

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Reinhard, Stijn, René Verburg, Eveliene Steingröver, Vincent Linderhof, Claire Vos, Carla Grashof-Bokdam e Rolf Michels. Het meetbaar maken van natuurinclusieve economie. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/399872.

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Krueger, Anne, e Roderick Duncan. The Political Economy of Controls: Complexity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4351.

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Overbeek, M. M. M., E. M. W. Smeets e A. D. Verhoog. Biobased materialen, circulaire economie en natuurlijk kapitaal. Wageningen: Wettelijke Onderzoekstaken Natuur & Milieu, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/428912.

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Nabuurs, G. J., M. Schelhaas, J. Oldenburger, Anjo de Jong, R. A. M. Schrijver, G. B. Woltjer, H. J. Silvis e C. M. A. Hendriks. Nederlands bosbeheer en bos- en houtsector in de bio-economie : scenario’s tot 2030 in een internationaal bio-economie perspectief. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/390425.

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Woltjer, Geert, e Marie-José Smits. De betekenis van mestverwerking in een circulaire economie. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/475439.

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Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S., Javier Quintana, Isabel Soler e Rok Spruk. Sector-level economic effects of regulatory complexity: evidence from Spain. Madrid: Banco de España, aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29854.

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This paper studies for the first time the impact on various measures of economic efficiency of regulatory complexity by sector in Spain. We base our analysis on an innovative database that classifies 206,777 regulations by economic sector and region, which highlights the growing volume of regulation, as well as its diversity by sector, region and business cycle stage. This analysis first looks at the aggregate impacts of sectoral regulatory complexity on the employment-to-population ratio, total working hours, sectoral GDP shares, labour intensity and capital intensity. Secondly it delves into the heterogeneous impacts observed across firms of different sizes and ages, drawing on the MCVL (Continuous Work History Sample), a rich database at the enterprise level. On the first front, we estimate a set of multiple fixed-effects model specifications across 13 economic sectors, 23 regulatory sectors and 17 Spanish regions over the period 1995-2020. Our results suggest that greater regulatory complexity has a negative impact on the employment rate and on value added. The effect on employment is consistent with previous findings for the United States. In particular, ceteris paribus, each additional increase in the regulatory complexity index is associated with a 0.7 percent drop in the sector-level employment share. Furthermore, our findings suggest that several distortionary sector-level effects of increasing regulatory complexity are taking place. For instance, markedly lower labour intensity and decreased sector-level investment rates, which confirm that greater regulatory complexity entails non-trivial sector-level costs. Distortionary effects of regulatory complexity materialise through compositional differences, mainly in the form of reduced wages and a lower investment rate.

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