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Tesi sul tema "Economic relations with Germany"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 29 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 5 luglio 2025

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1

Liashenko, A. V. "Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Germany: economic aspect." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86554.

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The master’s thesis focuses on diplomatic relationships between Ukraine and Germany the context of national development priorities. The main factors which affect on the influencing on international business. The main aim of this research is to recommendations to improve the relationships and bussines between Ukraine and Germany.<br>Магістерська робота присвячена дипломатичним відносинам між Україною та Німеччиною в контексті пріоритетів для національного економічного розвитку. Основною метою даного дослідження є рекомендації щодо покращення відносин та бізнесу між Україною та Німеччиною.

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2

Leitz, Christian. "The economic relations between Nazi Germany and Franco Spain, 1936-1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b43eb26-a59b-4b94-ad66-1f00dafc2ba5.

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During the course of the Spanish Civil War Nazi Germany's intervention on behalf of General Francisco Franco and his fellow insurgents became increasingly dominated by economic considerations. National Socialist policies vis-Ã -vis Nationalist Spain developed into a programme of large-scale economic exploitation. Under the command of Hermann Goring two companies were founded in Spain in late July 1936 (HISMA) and in Berlin in early October 1936 (ROWAK) to take control not only of National Socialist supply operations for Franco but also of the whole economic relationship between Nazi Germany and Nationalist Spain. During the course of the civil war HISMA/ROWAK managed to alter the trading pattern between Spain and Germany away from mainly fruit imports towards a substantial increase in raw material supplies. As British companies controlled most of the pyrite and iron ore mines of Spain and were therefore directly affected by Franco's redirection of ore exports to Germany, this development was challenged by the British government. The Nazi regime was only partly successful in reducing non-German economic influence in Spain. Aware of the temporary nature of Franco's dependence on German war matÃ©riel, Hermann Goring initiated the MONTANA project in 1937 to build up a German-owned mining empire in Spain. While the purchase of Spanish mines by HISMA/ROWAK was reluctantly accepted by Franco in late 1938, the Nazi regime was left with very little time to proceed even further with its economic "colonization" of Spain. The outbreak of war in September 1939 put an effective halt to German-Spanish economic relations until the defeat of France in summer 1940 led to a reopening of rail links to Spain. Subsequent - unsuccessful - negotiations on a Spanish entry into the war were dominated by economic considerations. From 1941 onwards an increasing trade and clearing imbalance developed in favour of Spain. Germany was desperate to import certain goods from Spain, particularly wolfram ore, a vital raw material for German armaments producers. Yet, the Allied economic warfare campaign in Spain led to huge price increases and during the period 1942 to 1944 the Nazi regime found itself forced to export growing amounts of war matÃ©riel to Spain. The Allied invasion of France in 1944 finally led to the effective end of German-Spanish trade relations, although both regimes tried to maintain them until Hitler's final defeat.

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3

Van, der Heyden Ulrich Klaus Helmut. "GDR development policy with special reference to Africa, c. 1960-1990." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001860.

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This thesis explores the political, economic and theoretical underpinnings of the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR’s) development policies towards the Third World between c.1960 and 1990. Particular attention is paid to Africa. Case studies of assistance to SWAPO and the ANC further focus the attention of the reader on southern Africa in particular. Aspects of both military and civilian aid are considered, including both development initiatives overseas in Africa, and development training for Africans within the GDR itself. Since German “reunification”, the GDR’s history has been explored largely from a West German perspective. The present work attempts to provide a more balanced view of successes and shortcomings of the GDR’s policies towards, and interaction with, African countries and liberation movements. It also aims to bring to the attention of English-speaking readers German archival sources, other primary sources and published works which they would otherwise have been unlikely to encounter. From its formation, the GDR made strenuous efforts to develop relations with countries which were either free from colonial dependency or were struggling for freedom. Over the course of thirty years, it followed a number of different approaches, and developed diverse objectives. These were shaped in the wider context of the cold war, the Hallstein doctrine (which established that the FRG – and, in effect, its allies - would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognised the GDR), the relationships between the GDR and partner socialist states, and the economic difficulties faced by the GDR. Arising from this complex situation, from time to time, both internally in the GDR and in terms of its foreign affairs, tensions and discrepancies arose between theoretical objectives and political and economic reality. Despite these severe constraints, during the period under review, the volume and range of the GDR’s relationships with developing countries increased dramatically. For example, between 1970 and 1987, the number of developing countries with which the GDR had foreign economic relations on the basis of international agreements grew from 23 to 64. Viewed within its economic context, the state was arguably far more committed to development aid than the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, there is a great deal of evidence that “solidarity” with developing nations and the oppressed enjoyed a considerable degree of popular support.

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4

Taube, Markus. "Economic Relations between Germany and Mainland China, 1979 - 2000 Duisburger Papiere zur Ostasienwirtschaft ; 59 (2001)." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-10222002-121925/.

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In the course of the last twenty plus years the intensity of economic exchange between China and Germany has increased dramatically. This development was triggered off most of all by the economic policy changes introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. Since then, China has freed itself from its former self-imposed isolation and gradually integrated with the world economy. The market-oriented transformation process initiated in China in the late seventies created the preconditions for the resumption of economic contacts that had been largely stagnant in the preceding years. The gradual establishment of a market-based economic framework has step-by-step contributed to an economic environment that has allowed economic actors to exploit the comparative advantages of the economies concerned and enlarge the scope of labor division with China.

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5

Eyck, Tobias Albert Ten. "A Cross-national Study of Attitudes and Group Labeling: Multinational Corporation (MNC) Workers in Canada, Brazil, and West Germany." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4840.

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Many studies concerning multinational corporations {MNCs) are replete with theoretical models and case studies that treat MNCs as stand-alone entities. Very little time and effort is given to understanding the context in which MNCs operate. This context includes not only the fact that MNCs transcend national boundaries (political as well as geographical), but also the meaning of work and being part of a multinational work force for those employed within MNCs. This thesis is an effort to elucidate how the political/societal/cultural contexts of different host countries affect the attitudes of those workers most directly involved with foreign-owned MNCs. By shifting the focus from the MNC to the political/societal/cultural environment of host countries, foreign-owned MNCs can be compared across national boundaries (foreign-owned MNC workers from three different countries are compared in this thesis -- Canada, Brazil, and West Germany). Finally, by grounding the workers' attitudes within social identity theory, divergent attitudes between the workers from the different countries are not only explained, but expected as well.

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6

Arkhiiereiev, Sergii I. "Bilateral trade relation of Ukraine and Germany." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/45691.

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7

Haffner, Stephanie C. "Has the Franco-German Power Balance in the European Union Tipped in Favor of Germany?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/194.

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The power balance between France and Germany in the European Union has been one of great discussion and debate. Countless journalists and scholars have argued that Germany’s power has risen gradually against the seemingly perpetually stronger France over the past sixty years, and is now finally set to surpass France; but how true are these claims? How can power within the EU truly be measured? Through an analysis of Franco-German collaboration through unionization, a critique of the contemporary discourse on the relationship, and an examination of changing contributions to the EU budget, my paper argues that the Franco-German power balance has never been truly equal, as Germany has continually been the largest source of economic power in the European Union since its creation.

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8

Pascha, Werner. "Economic Relations Between Germany and Japan : An Analysis of Recent Data Duisburger Arbeitspapiere zur Ostasienwirtschaft ; 61 (2002)." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-07172002-124031/.

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The author takes a close look at bilateral German-Japanese trade and direct investment data, employing various techniques (intensity indicators, RCA, intra-industry trade). It turns out that German-Japanese trade and FDI links are indeed rather limited, as has frequently been stated. A number of somewhat surprising pieces of evidence do emerge, though. For competitive industries and with respect to emerging opportunities, the bilateral figures do show a healthy performance.

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9

Pascha, Werner. "Economic Relations Between Germany and Japan : an Analysis of Recent Data Duisburger Papiere zur Ostasienwirtschaft ; 61 (2002)." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-10222002-113514/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The author takes a close look at bilateral German-Japanese trade and direct investment data, employing various techniques (intensity indicators, RCA, intra-industry trade). It turns out that German-Japanese trade and FDI links are indeed rather limited, as has frequently been stated. A number of somewhat surprising pieces of evidence do emerge, though. For competitive industries and with respect to emerging opportunities, the bilateral figures do show a healthy performance

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10

Bukaty, Ryan Michael. "Commercial Diplomacy: The Berlin-Baghdad Railway and Its Peaceful Effects on Pre-World War I Anglo-German Relations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849612/.

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Slated as an economic outlet for Germany, the Baghdad Railway was designed to funnel political influence into the strategically viable regions of the Near East. The Railway was also designed to enrich Germany's coffers with natural resources with natural resources and trade with the Ottomans, their subjects, and their port cities... Over time, the Railway became the only significant route for Germany to reach its "place in the sun," and what began as an international enterprise escalated into a bid for diplomatic influence in the waning Ottoman Empire.

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11

Wood, Cathy. "The Marshall Islands and the Germans, 1860-1914." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26184.

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The Marshall Islands are to be found in the very heart of the Pacific Ocean and are quite the furthest of all South Sea Archipelagos from the major ports of the large continents bordering on the Pacific Basin. This geographical position meant that the Marshall Islanders were far away from the traditional shipping routes of the early sailing vessels and remained undisturbed by the events of the outside world. Their contacts with exogenous elements up to the beginning of the nineteenth century were brief and accidentaL‘ But unlike other South Sea island groups this isolation extended well into the middle of the nineteenth century as the violent reputation of the Marshallese chiefs and the relatively inhospitable nature of the people assisted in keeping passing ships at bay. The frequent calling of whaling vessels and the intermittent residency of deserters, that was so much the norm in other Pacific Island'chains , was almost non-existant in the Marshalls. This independence on the part of the Marshall Islanders was eventually eroded, not by the more violent and belligerent elements of South Sea pirates like Bully Hayes and Captain Ben Pease, but by quiet, peaceable missionaries from genteel parlours of Boston middle class suburbs. Their settlement in the islands in 1857 prized open the door of trade and allowed the irreversible contact and influence of outside cultures. The first trader to take advantage was a German from Braunschweig, Adolf Capelle, but his roots were not firmly implanted in the Germanic States (Germany was not founded as a nation until 1871L and his connections did not extend beyond the Pacific area. The linking of the Marshalls to German shores came through the later establishment of the Hamburg trading houses of Godeffroys and Hernsheims in the 1870s. It was the activities of these companies and their demands for German government support of their trading interest that led to the founding of a German Protectorate in the islands in 1885. This ensured a continual social, political and economic relationship between the German nation and the Marshallese people until the outbreak of the First World War.

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12

Mugova, Terrence Tafadzwa. "Interdependence and business cycle transmission between South Africa and the USA, UK, Japan and Germany." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002680.

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The process of globalisation has had a large impact on the world economy over the past three decades. Economic globalisation has manifested itself in the increasing integration of goods and services through international trade and the integration of financial markets. As a consequence the existence of co-movements in economic variables of different countries has become more evident. The extent to which globalisation causes a country’s economy to move together with the rest of the world concerns policy-makers. When such co-movement is significant, the influence of policy-makers on their respective domestic economies is significantly reduced. South Africa re-entered the international economy in the early 1990s when the forces of globalisation, especially for developing countries, seemed to gain momentum. Empirical research such as Kabundi and Loots (2005) found strong evidence of international co-movement between the world business cycle and the South African business cycle, particularly following South Africa’s integration into the global economy. This study examines the relationship and interdependence between South Africa and four of its major developed trading partners. More particularly, the study examines the question of whether business cycles are transmitted from Germany, Japan, US and UK to South Africa, and/or from South Africa to Germany, Japan, the US and UK. The study employs structural vector autoregressive (SVARs) models to analyse monthly data from 1980:01–2008:04 on industrial production, producer prices, short-term interest rates and real effective exchange rates. The results show that South Africa benefits from economic growth in both the UK and US. They also indicate significant price transmission from Germany and Japan to South Africa, with transmission in the opposite direction being statistically insignificant. The impulse response graphs show that a positive one standard deviation shock to both German and Japanese producer prices has a negative impact on South African output (industrial production) growth. Furthermore, South African monetary policy is relatively unresponsive to international monetary policy stances. The findings of this study indicate that South African policymakers need to take into consideration economic performance of the country’s major trading partners, with particular emphasis on the UK and US economies.

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13

Bazhutov, Dmitry [Verfasser]. "The Economic Role of Investor Relations in Different Legal and Financial Systems: Empirical Evidence from Germany and the UK / Dmitry Bazhutov." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161115668/34.

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14

Giltner, Philip. "German economic relations with occupied Denmark, 1940-1945, and the extraordinary industrial deliveries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq27931.pdf.

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15

Popovich, Sara A. "Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik: The Changing Role in United States-West German Relations, an Analysis of United States Government Internal Documents." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/80.

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This thesis analyzes a crucial period in the relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America, through the use of US government internal documents. Willy Brandt brought forth a new vision of Ostpolitik that was starkly different from policies that the US had dealt with before, subsequently leaving the Nixon Administration largely unsure of how to react. The change in FRG economic positioning vis-à-vis the United States, and catalyst political events in the 1960’s, created the impetus for Brandt’s vision of OStpolitik, which culminated in the interim West German control of the Western Alliance’s Eastern Politics.

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16

Depoortere, Rolande A. "La Belgique et les réparations allemandes après la première Guerre mondiale, 1919-1925." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212662.

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17

Foisy, Cory A. "Soviet war-readiness and the road to war : 1937-41." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79938.

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This is a study of the foreign and domestic policies of the USSR as they pertain to its war-readiness, as well as the degree to which these policies presumably opened the door to the European conflagration and, in 1941, to the Nazi-Soviet war. Topics to be discussed include: (1) the crash industrialization of the Soviet Union and industrial war preparations from 1928--41; (2) the development of Soviet military doctrine before and after 12 June 1937; (3) a critical re-examination of the popularly accepted reasons for the devolution of the Soviet armed forces; and (4) Soviet foreign policy from 1937--41. The chronological end of the paper (1941) is followed by a brief epilogue discussing the evident success of the Soviet industrialization program by reference to Soviet industrial performance during the Nazi-Soviet war. Furthermore, the epilogue will challenge the popular depiction of the German invasion as an effortless, seamless advance into the Soviet heartland.

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18

O'Reilly, Declan. "IG Farbenindustrie A.G., Interhandel and General Aniline and Film Corporation : a problem in international political and economic relations between Germany, Switzerland and the United States, 1929-1965." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265424.

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19

Flake, Regina [Verfasser], Thomas K. [Gutachter] Bauer, and Christoph M. [Gutachter] Schmidt. "Migrants in Germany : the role of intergenerational relations in economic integration and labor market effects / Regina Flake ; Gutachter: Thomas K. Bauer, Christoph M. Schmidt ; Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1211175154/34.

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20

Schalke, Thomas. "The Political Economy of Participation in the Euro: A Case Study of Italy and Germany." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1769.

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This thesis analyses the political economy of the decision of Italy and Germany to participate in the euro. The emphasis is on understanding the economic rationales employed in each country in support of euro membership. For Italy, the central argument is that Italy outsourced monetary policy management to the ECB in order to delimit deficient domestic policy making and import German monetary credibility. This transferred the costs of monetary orthodoxy to Europe, and the thesis briefly examines places where we might observe those costs. For Germany, the argument is that, out of respect for the national humiliation and shame of the Second World War, Germany shirked the possibility of unilaterally leading European monetary policy in favour of a European solution that suited German economic interests. German actors were aware of these economic benefits at the time.

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21

Forsberg, Tuomas. "Buying security, selling victories : a constructivist analysis of the role of positive economic sanctions in German unification and the dispute over the Kurile Islands." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324582.

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22

Cheong, Onn Kee. "A Study of the Interdependence of Four Major Stock Markets Using a Vector Autoregression." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500682/.

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The question for this thesis is whether the four major stock markets--the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and Japan are interdependent or segmented. The study period runs from February 1979 to June 1987, with the Wall Street Journal as a source of data. The Granger causality test is used to test for relationships among the four major stock markets. The thesis is divided into five chapters-- 1) statement of the problem; 2) survey of literature; 3) methodology; 4) results and 5) conclusions. The overall findings of this thesis indicate that there are few or no comovement similarities among all the four stock markets. However, the findings do point out the significant influence of the United States stock market on the other three stock markets.

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23

Daheur, Jawad. "Le Parc à bois de l'Allemagne : course aux ressources et hégémonie commerciale dans les bassins de la Vistule et de la Warta (1840-1914)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG041.

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Cette étude traite des stratégies allemandes pour prendre le contrôle des ressources en bois d’oeuvre dans l’espace baltique entre 1840 et 1914. Centré sur le commerce dans les bassins de la Vistule et de la Warta, elle montre comment la puissance allemande montante y est parvenue à sécuriser un accès bon marché et stable aux ressources ligneuses. Les firmes établirent leur domination commerciale en développant des technologies de transport et en renforçant leurs capacités financières et organisationnelles, tout cela en tirant profit des faiblesses économiques et politiques locales. En analysant les dimensions écologiques et économiques de l’extraction et de la transformation des bois, la thèse souligne le rôle joué par les importations dans la préservation des forêts allemandes. Elle présente également les impacts de cette évolution sur les populations locales et l’environnement. En conclusion, la thèse plaide pour une histoire authentiquement globale de la forêt allemande<br>This thesis deals with the German attempts to take control over timber resources in the Baltic area between 1840 and 1914. Focused on the trade in the Vistula and Warta river basins, it shows how the rising German economy managed to make the local forests into its backyard by securing cheap and stable access to timber resources. German firms progressively achieved trade dominance by developing transport technologies and reinforcing their financial and organizational capacities. They also managed to take advantage of the local economic and political weaknesses. Through ecological and economic explanation of timber extraction and processing, the thesis underlines the role played by foreign timber in the preservation of the German forests. It also describes the impact of this process on the local population and environment. Finally, the thesis advocates for a truly global history of the German forest

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Glunt, S. David. "Nazi Germany in China, 1933-1938 : an economic approach /." Connect to online version, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3544.

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Burger, Csaba. "Occupational pensions in Germany : an economic geography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94e64b94-3bf7-4fb6-b8f5-102a472f4be7.

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By the end of the twentieth century, the generous German public pay-as-you-go pension system had been struggling with a serious deficit due to the country’s ageing population. In 2001, the German government enacted the “Riester” pension reform, named after Mr. Walter Riester, the Labour Minister brokering it, which reduced the level of publicly provided pensions, and strengthened the funded occupational and private pillars in order to replace the loss in retirement income. This thesis investigates the role and structure of occupational pensions during the Riester-reform and in its aftermath, using an economic geography perspective. In doing so, it discusses the role of trade unions and employer associations (social partners) in moulding the structure of the occupational system, and investigates the geography of occupational pensions both at employer and at employee level. Empirically, the thesis is based on an in-depth interview with Mr. Walter Riester, and a unique, proprietary data-set of a German occupational pension provider, containing information on 332 thousand employees and over 12 thousand employers. The results show that the internal division of social partners played a critical role in leaving occupational pensions voluntary, but they have been successful in setting standards on the occupational pension market by means of collective bargaining. Employers and employees show systematic spatiotemporal patterns in their pension-related decisions, confirming the importance of local relationships and local contexts in implementing social partners’ measures and in the transformation of the welfare state. It is finally pointed out that the Riester-reform was a part of a gradual transition, which has been reducing employers’ autonomy in order to reinforce the social role of occupational pensions. To achieve that and to catalyse the reform process, employers’ and employees’ risk exposure has been mitigated in the hope that old-age poverty can be avoided.

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Vonyó, Tamás. "Post-war reconstruction and the economic miracle : the dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669982.

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Schöttler, Raphael. "Essays on Germany." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17563.

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Die Arbeit untersucht die Gründe für die geographische Verteilung von Beschäftigung und Bevölkerung in Deutschland seit 1895. Deutschland bietet im Zeitraum 1895-2010 einen geeigneten Rahmen für diese Analyse, da beide Treiber räumlicher Verteilung – wirtschaftliche und politische Kräfte – wesentliche Veränderungen erfuhren. Sowohl die Ausstattung von Regionen mit Ressourcen als auch der Zugang zu Märkten beeinflusst die Verteilung von Industriestandorten. Deutsche Teilung und Wiedervereinigung verändern das langfristige Gleichgewicht von Industriestandorten nicht, der Zugang zu Märkten ist aber ein wichtiger Treiber des Gleichgewichtes, das in der Vorkriegszeit erreicht wurde. Die Spezialisierung von Regionen beschreibt eine U-förmige Entwicklung mit einem Hochpunkt in 1925, während die DDR erheblich spezialisierter als die BRD war. Die ökonometrische Analyse legt nahe, dass die DDR Wirtschaftspolitik Marktkräfte nicht langfristig außer Kraft setzen konnte. Ein neuer Datensatz zu Bodenrichtwerten in vier Bundesländern und 1533 Gemeinden für den Zeitraum 1980-2000 zeigt, dass Landpreiswachstum stark zwischen den Regionen variiert, wobei das Landpreisniveau stark mit Marktzugang korreliert. Städtische Regionen wachsen schneller als der ländliche Raum. Für das Zonenrandgebiet finde ich ein überproportionales Wachstum der Landpreise nach der Wiedervereinigung. Dieses Ergebnis schreibe ich dem Informations- und Erwartungsgehalt von Bodenrichtwerten zu. Landpreise reagieren schneller auf Veränderungen im Marktzugang, da sie langfristig zu erwartende Unternehmens- und Haushaltsumzüge umgehend berücksichtigen. Der Wiedervereinigungseffekt variiert stark zwischen Regionen, wobei kleinere Gemeinden den größten Zugewinn erleben.<br>This dissertation studies the underlying forces for the observed spatial distribution of employment and population in Germany since 1895. Germany in the period 1895-2010 offers a natural setting to empirically test competing explanations. Both determinants of spatial differences - economic and policy forces - received substantial shocks during this period. I find empirical support for both regional endowment and market access forces as determinants of industry location. Division and reunification shocks to market access did not alter the long-run spatial equilibrium of industry location, but they were important drivers in the formation of the pre-WWII equilibrium distribution. I observe a hump-shaped regional specialisation trend peaking around 1925, interrupted by the years of division during which the East became highly specialised. Furthermore, sectoral change occurred with a delay of about 20 years in East Germany. The econometric analysis suggests that policy regimes are unable to override economic forces. Using a new data set on standard land values in four German states and 1,533 boroughs along the inner German border spanning the period 1980-2000 I show that land value growth rates vary greatly across population densities. Urban areas grow faster than smaller regions in the period 1980-2000. Land value levels are highly correlated with market access. I find that land values have risen disproportionately in the former inner German border region. I attribute the finding that land prices react more quickly than population to the information and expectation component of land prices. Land values incorporate expectations about long-run equilibrium adjustments following reunification more swiftly, but firms and households are slower to react due to the costs of relocating. The positive reunification effect does however differ greatly across regions. I find that rural boroughs reap a larger share of the positive reunification gains.

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28

Brenzel, Hanna [Verfasser]. "Economic integration of migrants in Germany / Hanna Brenzel." Bielefeld : wbv Media, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1215734336/34.

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29

Tooze, J. Adam. "Official statistics and economic governance in interwar Germany." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321638.

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30

Miller, Mark James. "The official East German response to Willy Brandt and Neue Ostpolitik, 1969-1972." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610841.

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31

Vemuri, Avinash. "Dissecting Sino-African Economic Relations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2108.

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In the last 15 years, China has greatly expanded their economic integration with Africa through a multi-dimensional approach. This paper utilizes a fixed effects approach to formally assess the impact of Chinese trade, foreign direct investment, loans, construction and engineering contracts, and labor in Africa on economic growth and human development in 50 African countries. This paper combines data from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), China-Africa Research Initiative (CARI) at John’s Hopkins University, and the UN Human Development Report (HDI) covering the years 2003 to 2017. This study finds that during this period, contracts and foreign direct investment stock positively impact GDP per capita and Human Development Index, and bilateral trade positively impacts Human Development Index.

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32

Forbes, N. "British financial and economic policy towards Germany, 1931-39." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374158.

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33

Falkenberg, Thomas. "Civil-military relations and its problems : Germany and Russia /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333372.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1997.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Moyano, Maria J. "June 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-138). Also available online.

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34

Brébion, Clément. "Vocational training and industrial relations in France and Germany." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0166.

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Cette thèse de doctorat est un recueil de trois essais en économie du travail. Ils analysent de manière comparative des institutions centrales des économies française et allemande. Les chapitres estiment successivement l'ampleur des discriminations à l'égard des représentants du personnel, l'effet de l'apprentissage sur l'insertion professionnelle et l'impact des subventions offertes pour développer ce type de formation. Les principaux résultats sont analysés à la fois du point de vue de la France et de l'Allemagne et offrent des conclusions sur les récentes évolutions institutionnelles des deux pays.Le premier chapitre de cette thèse analyse les trajectoires salariales des représentants du personnel allemands. Cette étude apporte un nouvel éclairage sur le fonctionnement de la négociation dans ce pays. Nous montrons qu'il existe en Allemagne une discrimination stratégique à l'égard des représentants du personnel. Dans le secteur manufacturier, les salariés élus au comité d’entreprise bénéficient d’un surplus de revenus du fait de leur statut. Inversement, dans le secteur des services, la prise de fonction a un effet négatif sur les salaires. Dans les deux secteurs, l'ampleur de ces impacts sur l’évolution annuelle des salaires est d’ 1 à 2 points de pourcentage. Nous montrons en outre que ce sont les représentants syndiqués et politiquement impliqués qui reçoivent la majeure partie de la prime (négative ou positive) dans les deux secteurs. Pour eux, l'ampleur de l'impact est proche de 3 pp. Ces résultats mettent en évidence une détérioration de la qualité de la coopération entre partenaires sociaux dans le pays.Le chapitre 2 compare l’effet des études en apprentissage sur l’insertion professionnelle, en France et en Allemagne, entre 1998 et 2013. Il montre que, dans les deux pays, les apprentis réussissent mieux en sortie d’études secondaires ou supérieures que les étudiants de la voie scolaire standard. Cela est vrai tant à court qu'à moyen terme. En termes de taux de chômage l’année suivant la sortie d’études, le bénéfice est environ 6.75 p.p. plus fort en France qu’en Allemagne. L’analyse causale fournit les résultats principaux. Nous montrons que l’apprentissage favorise les élèves en difficulté scolaire qui quittent l'école à la fin de leurs études secondaires en France. Ce n’est pas le cas en Allemagne. L'explication de ce résultat est double. Tout d'abord, les étudiants de la voie scolaire standard en Allemagne réussissent bien mieux que leurs homologues français. Ensuite, le départ de l’entreprise de formation suite à l’obtention d’un diplôme en apprentissage est près de deux fois plus fréquent en France. Les apprentis non conservés bénéficient cependant du bon signal de leur diplôme sur le marché externe, ce qui n'est pas le cas de leurs homologues allemands. Enfin, à la sortie du supérieur, dans les deux pays, l’apprentissage n’améliore pas l’insertion professionnelle.Le chapitre 3 évalue l'impact d'une importante subvention - l'Indemnité Compensatrice Forfaitaire - offerte aux employeurs d'apprentis en France et qui a été régionalisée entre 2005 et 2014. Au moment de sa régionalisation, elle représentait un quart des dépenses publiques consacrées à l'apprentissage. L'analyse montre que la subvention favorise les stratégies de rotation de la main d’œuvre. Ainsi, on mesure une élasticité limitée mais significativement négative du nombre d'apprentis embauchés aux coûts de formation. Sa valeur est de -0,22. Toutefois, l'impact se fait surtout sentir au niveau de la marge intensive (les entreprises formatrices accueillant davantage d'apprentis) plutôt qu'au niveau de la marge extensive (de nouvelles entreprises qui commenceraient à former). Cela suggère qu’en réponse à une hausse de la prime à l’embauche, les entreprises formeraient au-dessus de leurs besoins en compétences<br>This PhD thesis is a collection of three essays in labour economics. In a comparative fashion, they analyse key institutions of the French and German political economies. The chapters successively estimate the size of discrimination towards works councilors, the effect of apprenticeship training on labour integration and the impact of subsidies offered to develop this form of training. The main results are analysed from both the perspectives of France and Germany and present conclusions on the recent institutional trajectories of the two countries.The first chapter of this PhD thesis proposes an analysis of wage trajectories of German works councilors. This outcome, I claim, offers a good way to analyse the functioning of bargaining in the country. I find proofs that some strategic discrimination towards works councilors takes place in Germany. In the manufacturing sector, being elected to the works council causes a rise in labour income. Conversely, in the private service sectors, entering office negatively impacts wages. In both sectors, the size of these impacts on yearly pay rise is of about 1 to 2 pp. I further show that unionized and politically inclined councilors receive most of the (negative or positive) premium in both sectors. For them, the size of the impact is close to 3 pp. These results emphasize a decline in the quality of cooperation in the countryChapter 2 compares how well apprenticeship training helps open the door to the labour market in France and Germany between 1998 and 2013. It shows that, on average, apprentices do better in both countries than standard students upon completion of secondary or higher education. This is true both on the short- and medium-run. In terms of the unemployment rate in the year after education, the difference between the two countries is equivalent to about 6.75 pp more for France. Turning to causal claims, I find that apprenticeships advantage low school achievers leaving school upon completion of secondary education in France. The opposite applies in Germany. Explanation for this result is twofold. First, standard students (i.e. the control group) in Germany do much better than their counterparts in France. Second, mobility upon graduation is about double in France but non-retained graduates still benefit from the good signal of their diploma on the external market which is not the case of their German counterparts. I finally find no causal impact of the track on the integration of student’s exiting school after higher education. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of a large hiring credit – the Indemnité Compensatrice Forfaitaire – offered to employers of apprentices in France and which got regionalized between 2005 and 2014. At the time of its regionalization, it accounted for about a quarter of all public money spent on apprenticeships. The analysis shows that the subsidy fosters turnover strategies. Thus, I find a limited but significantly negative elasticity of the number of apprentices hired to training costs. The point estimate is -0.22. The impact however mostly plays at the intensive margin (training firms taking on more apprentices) rather than at the extensive margin (new firms entering the system). This suggests that training firms may respond to subsidies by training over their needs in skills. Confirming this interpretation, I find that the elasticity of mobility upon graduation to training cost is negative and equal to -0.40

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35

Saady, Abaas M. "Economic incentives in the system of environmental-economic relations." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26729.

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Environmental protection in Iraq suffers from a lack of means allocated by the government. In these conditions improving of economic mechanism of the environmental protection plays a crucial role. The main objective of the economic mechanism is to rich the goals of state environmental policy by economic measures. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26729

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36

Hale, Carol Anne. "German-Soviet military relations in the era of Rapallo." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59388.

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This study examines German-Soviet military relations between 1917 and 1922 and demonstrates the involvement of the Reichswehr in the Treaty of Rapallo. Since early 1919, the Reichswehr cultivated entente with the Soviet Union in opposition to the German government and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, both to regain its military preeminence and to recapture Germany's power-political position in Europe. The Reichswehr attempted to draw German industry into relations with the Soviet state in order to secure the manufacture of military machinery and support troop training. By 1922, the foundation for collaboration between German industry, the Reichswehr and the Soviet Union/Red Army had been laid. The Treaty of Rapallo, concluded by government officials that were privy to the activities of the Reichswehr, removed the threat of a western consortium against the Soviet Union, and ensured the growth of the Reichswehr's alliance with the Soviet state.

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37

Spicka, Mark E. "Selling the economic miracle : economic propaganda and political power in West Germany, 1949-1957 /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488196234910667.

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38

Wawrzynek, Alison Ann. "Entrepreneurship in Post-Reunification Germany: An Economic and Social Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3858.

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Thesis advisor: Christopher Baum<br>Following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and Reunification in 1990, Germany experienced many economic and labor market shifts. This empirical analysis evaluates the determinants of entrepreneurship in post-Reunification Germany from 1986 to 2014 using self-employment dependent variables as entrepreneurial proxies and measures of social capital as independent variables. Age, gender, nationality, education, income, risk attitudes, and social factors are all shown to be statistically significant predictors of entrepreneurial activity in Germany. The subsequent sociological analysis examines popular media’s portrayal of contemporary technological entrepreneurship in modern Berlin. The investigation highlights the differences between Berlin’s countercultural image and the need for sustainable funding and business plans for new technology ventures<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2014<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics Honors Program<br>Discipline: College Honors Program<br>Discipline: Economics

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39

Poh, Ping Lee. "Southeast Asian Economic Relations with Japan." MIT-Japan Program, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9657.

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40

Hamid, Mahmud Shakir. "US foreign policy and Germany (1933-1949)." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683058.

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41

Phelps, Thomas Edward. "The German peasant family, 1925-1939 : the problems of the republic and the impact of national socialism." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720350.

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Rural society during the German National Socialist movement has been overlooked by most historians. Instead the urban elements are stressed. I have chosen to study the impact of National Socialism upon peasant families.Three major limitations exist for this project. First, only the peasant family itself is reviewed. Second, this project is concerned only with the years from 1925 through 1339. Third, this project limits its review to only that territory comprising Germany after World War I. This was done to allow for a more equal comparison of agricultural statistics.The construction of this project remains simple. Three major chapters exist. Chapter One reviews the Republic: its politics, economy, and the problems of the peasant family. The remaining chapters then review these problems as they were resolved by the National Socialists. Chapter Two reviews the family itself: family size, health, inheritance, and social status. Chapter Three reviews farm-management: production, mechanization, labor, and prosperity. Both chapters are divided into two parts: part one reviews the new policies; part two reviews the impact.The findings of this project were different than expected. I had expected to find minimum improvement in the condition of peasant families. Instead, I discovered that, in general, these policies failed in their objectives. The reasons for these failures differed. But much of the blame rests in faults of the laws themselves. Final results, however, were mixed. Farm-management improved slightly, but the family itself witnessed reduced health. The average family was not destitute, but neither did it prosper.<br>Department of History

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42

Vourkoutiotis, Vasilis. "The British government's reception of, and reaction to, information from intra-German opposition to Hitler and other sources, 1938-1939 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68142.

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From 1938 to the outbreak of war in 1939, German opponents of Hitler made numerous contacts with the British government. While the information sent came from a variety of sources, most of the reports landed on the desk of Sir Robert Vansittart, the former Permanent Under-Secretary of the Foreign Office. His "internal-exile" to the position of Chief Diplomatic Advisor, as well as his personality conflicts with his successor, Sir Alexander Cadogan, and Lord Halifax, led to inefficient use of the information received from Germany. German warnings of Hitler's plans and ambitions, when listened to at all, were awkwardly and ineffectively incorporated into British foreign policy.

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43

Mason, Andrea 1976. "Opponents of Hitler in search of foreign support : the foreign contacts of Carl Goerdeler, Ludwig Beck, Ernst von Weizsäcker and Adam von Trott zu Solz, 1937-1940." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29516.

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This thesis examines the attempts made by Carl Goerdeler, Ludwig Beck, Ernst von Weizsacker and Adam von Trott zu Solz to obtain the support of the British government in their effort to overthrow the Nazi regime between 1937 and 1940. The circumstances surrounding each mission are detailed, including the degree of readiness on the part of the German opposition for a coup d'etat and the particular form of support sought from the British to increase the chance of success in each case. Consideration is given to the factors which conditioned the British reaction to the resistance emissaries, including the British foreign policy imperatives of the moment, important events in European relations and the attitude and degree of influence wielded by the statesmen to whom the German resistance emissaries addressed themselves.

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44

James, William Andrew Philip Justin. "Trust and the transformation of the German question, 1960-1970." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609881.

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45

Wolf, Sascha G. "Pharmaceutical expenditure in Germany : future development, political influence and economic impact /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018687182&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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46

Wolf, Sascha G. "Pharmaceutical expenditure in Germany future development, political influence and economic impact." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/995765774/04.

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47

Baak, Werner. "TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REPOWERING POTENTIAL IN NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA, GERMANY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398228.

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Germany is one of the pioneer countries in wind turbine technology. They installed many wind turbines during the last decades and are now confronted with a shortage of land suitable for new wind parks. Now, with an estimated wind turbine service life of 20 – 25 years whole wind parks are becoming obsolete and owners have to decide whether do decommission, repower or to continue the operation of their parks. The advantages of repowering as well as the bureaucratic hurdles are outlined and evaluated. This thesis deals with the repowering potential in North Rhine-Westphalia and is analysing the technical and economical possibilities of repowering. The main objectives are to identify wind turbines eligible for repowering and also to develop repowering scenarios in order to determine their techno-economic feasibility. The designed steps of the methodology allow the census and the subsequent implementation of the results in WindPro and RETScreen.

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48

Gu, Hong Fei. "Analysis of creating a new type of great power relations between China and the European Union." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335207.

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49

Martin, William R. "Corporatism in American foreign policy toward Germany between the wars, 1921-1936." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4380.

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This thesis is an investigation of how United States foreign policy was made in the context of German-American relations in the period between the two world wars. The problem under investigation is whether the United States was using a corporatist approach in dealing with the problems of Germany and ultimately Europe and whether the corporatist model is a good one for analyzing foreign policy development during this period. Corporatism, as it is used in this thesis, is defined as an organizational form which recognizes privately organized functional groups outside the United States government, which collaborate with the government to share power and make policy. In the case of foreign policy, the focus of this investigation is on the role played by autonomous financial experts, especially from the banking community.

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50

King, Kurt Wesley. "Sino-U.S. economic relations : problems and perspectives." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26770.

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U.S.-China economic relations are currently strained as a direct result of the Chinese crackdown of demonstrators in Tiananmen square on June 4, 1989. However, the brutal suppression of the demonstrators is only one aspect of the overall Sino-U.S. economic relationship. This thesis examines the economic relationship beginning in 1978, when China embarked on its modernization effort. Though China has made many improvements in these efforts their modernization effort does not necessarily coincide with United States' desires. Instead, China is concerned with maintaining its socialist character for the foreseeable future. This thesis examines divergent Sino-U.S. economic relations, and offers some various recommendations for American policy-makers depending on the course that China's leadership decides to take. Financial aid, Four modernizations, Most favored nation, New reforms, Reform, Socialism, Technology transfers, Trade relations, U.S. Policy

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