Tesi: "Economic development – scandinavia – case studies"

1

Wasserman, Shanna E. "Sustainable economic development : the case of implementing industrial ecology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42824.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117). Industrial ecology (IE) is an emerging paradigm for environmental control. IE offers a framework for altering industrial activities so that they more closely reflect a closed loop cycle, rather than a linear flow of extraction and disposal. Implementation of IE is occurring through the eco-industrial park (EIP) model. An EIP is a group of businesses that are implementing IE principles, through cooperation between one another and/or other organizations. This Thesis examines the current practice of implementing IE through the EIP model. The research methodology includes assessing the Kalundborg, Denmark EIP example, surveying North American EIPs, and studying a case of implementing an EIP in Londonderry, NH. Findings from the research indicate that there is currently a taxonomy of IE practices being implemented through the EIP model. The taxonomy includes practice in land stewardship, green building design, individual firm environmental practices, and byproduct exchange. Each of the four areas of practice have characteristics with implications for how implementation should occur through an EIP. EIP planners and developers should craft implementation strategies in accordance with their IE objectives. Additionally, the management entity of an EIP should have the capacity to implement all IE objects. Finally, a community education process on IE is necessary during the implementation of an EIP. by Shanna E. Wasserman. M.C.P.

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Vidican, Sgouridis Georgeta. "Land reform and economic development : case study on Romania." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17704.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-87). Few social arrangements have affected so many people for so long in human history, as the laws and customs governing the ownership and use of land. Taking Romania as a case study, this thesis focuses on the institutional changes that accompany land reform (e.g., property rights, market services, rural financial services) and the role the state plays in the implementation process. The main hypothesis is that in developing countries, unsatisfactory forms of agrarian structure, and in particular the systems of land tenure, tend in a variety of ways to impede economic development. The results of this study illustrate that in Romania improper implementation of land reform had negative effects on development - further deterioration in the standard of living for the rural population, decline in real productivity, and lower production. Hence, one main conclusion is that the distribution of property rights in land is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for creating the basis for development. Redistribution of property rights in land has to be complemented with technical advice and more integrated cross-sector policies such as easy access to credit and agricultural inputs, production and social infrastructure. State involvement is crucial for supporting these services. by Georgeta Vidican. M.C.P.

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3

Minter, Susan Miriam. "Linking environmental policy with economic development : a case study in urban recycling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68737.

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4

Maclin, Stephen Alexander. "A democratic governance approach to urban economic development policymaking." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37427.

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This dissertation contributes to the literature on urban development politics. It takes a normative ideal, democratic urban governance, out of the esoteric realm of academic debate and applies it to a critical case study which concerns the most financially consequential area of urban policy, that of urban economic development. The principal elements of democratic urban governance are described, examined, and reconstructed as a framework for evaluating the policy making potentials in the present case. Beyond its academic contribution, this dissertation provides developmental policy makers with an intellectually sound basis for considering, more candidly and more directly, issues concerning democracy and governance. Ph. D.

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5

Mitsui, Kenji. "Cooperation and collaboration in economic development : a case study of Massachusetts manufacturing centers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68782.

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6

Meredith, Vicki. "ROSCAs, poverty alleviation and economic development : a case study of Jamaican paadner groups." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68748.

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7

Chang, Su-Hsin 1973. "Science and technology policies, competitiveness, and economic development : a case study of Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30020.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-131). The economic growth in Taiwan for the last few decades has been credited as stellar performance. However, what accounts for the growth? Institutions, political regime, geographical locations, or legal origins? This thesis attempts to explain the economic growth in terms of science and technology (S&T) based on the neoclassical and new growth theories, and comes at a finding that S&T development is significant along with the economic growth. In the process, the author also finds that the government is the major player in Taiwan's S&T development. Based on these findings, the author concludes that from Taiwan's lessons, the S&T is a direction and an area for those developing countries that strive to gain economic growth to make their endeavors on. And, for those latecomer countries, state-led S&T development will be a sufficient condition for economic development, for the government is the major role that is most likely to initiate the development through appropriate policy implementation and is most likely to provide a momentum to the stagnating economic deadlock. by Su-Hsin Chang. S.M.

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8

Helmuth, Angelo. "Economic diversification of a mining town: a case study of Oranjemund." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003843.

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Can mining industries and mining based localities promote Local Economic Development (LED)? This case study, on the mining town of Oranjemund, seeks to examine the economic diversification prospects of the town. Stakeholder views are considered and their aspirations determined, through an interview process. Relevant theories on economic development, growth and sustainability are outline. Lessons are drawn from local and international empirical studies on mining towns. The roles and contributions stakeholders and institutions could realize that could lead to local economic diversification and LED are defined. The opportunities and threats that could affect the town’s LED process are identified. This paper concludes that it is imperative that sound relationships be developed amongst key stakeholders. It further, recommends that a strategic LED plan be designed for Oranjemund and that national government, through the regional and local authority, lead the process.

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9

Pal, Mariam S. "An analysis of the role of women in economic development /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66051.

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Bahramitash, Roksana. "The role of women in economic development : case studies of Taiwan, Indonesia and the Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36872.

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The evidence presented in this thesis supports the view that men and women participate in the labour force in qualitatively distinct ways and that, as a result, policies to increase female employment in the formal economy have an impact on economic development that is quite different from those whose aim is simply to increase employment with no regard to its gender composition. While it is well known that women's work is often underreported and undercounted, the thesis contends that women's "work" is also frequently defined incorrectly. From the point of view of development policy it is necessary to define women's work as embracing not only "productive" labour done for monetary gain, but also reproductive and volunteer work which, though not directly remunerated, have important feedbacks on other social, political and economic variables. Those feedbacks in turn may determine the success or failure of a particular "development" strategy. This theory is applied to three "Asian miracle" developing countries, chosen because of their widely varied cultural, political and economic history and structures. The methodology employed is eclectic. Too often social research is bogged down in disputes between those who favour quantitative and those who favour historical-institutional analysis. In reality, especially when dealing with developing countries where there are serious problems of data quality, these two approaches can be mutually complementary. Therefore, in undertaking a comparative study of three cases, the thesis employs quantitative, historical-institutional and anthropological data along with information derived from interviews and field work. The thesis demonstrates ample support for the hypothesis that women's labour has an importance over and above simply more hands at work, that the particular characteristics of female labour, not only produce direct payoffs in terms of development of certain types of manufacturing industries, but many indirect ones in terms of social variables like reduced fertility, increased life expectancy and greater educational attainment. However it also demonstrates that full actualization of these benefits in terms of economic prosperity, improved social welfare, and ultimately political democratization requires a state that is both willing and able (two distinct things) to implement social and economic policies designed explicitly to promote female employment in the formal economy.

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Chicombo, Adélia Filosa Francisco. "Economic assessment of energy efficiency in residential buildings in Mozambique: case study of Maputo." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13642.

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The world’s energy consumption has been increasing dramatically in recent years. Economic and population growth are said to be the main drivers of this phenomenon. This change is held responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, the reduced energy security and the negative socio-economic implications, especially in developing countries. From a sectorial perspective, buildings are part of the large energy consumers, especially the residential sector. It is in this view that measures to reduce this sector’s energy demand has been largely recommended. One of these measures is promoting the deployment of energy efficient buildings combined with the use of energy efficient appliances. The aim of this study was to assess the economic feasibility associated with sustainable buildings with emphasis on the energy efficiency component. The study concentrated on residential buildings in Maputo, the capital city of Mozambique. The rationale behind the study lies in the need to uncover the main variables involved in the economic feasibility of adopting energy efficient practices within the building sector to help final users, policy makers and other interested groups to better understand and handle energy efficiency matters. A case study research design was used to achieve the main objective of this investigation. In this regard, a survey of households and interviews were conducted to establish the energy consumption pattern in Mozambique and its associated costs. The survey was conducted in the Kampfumo Municipality District of Maputo, and the interviews were conducted with civil engineering companies, electronic engineering, architects and building cost estimators. The questionnaires were answered by 233 households. Findings from the survey were used to perform a comparative analysis of the life cycle cost (LCC) of the buildings of the surveyed households with that of the proposed energy efficient designs, which incorporates buildings energy efficient elements and energy efficient appliances.

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Martinez-Fernandez, Cristina Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Networks for regional development : case studies from Australia and Spain." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Built Environment, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20482.

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This study investigates the role of regional networks for economic development (RENEDs) in regions suffering from industrial dislocation. It proposes that RENEDs significantly affect regional development. It also investigates the aspects of RENEDs that promote interorganisational collaboration on projects, and examines how RENEDs foster and manage them. The research uses a case study approach, and presents two regions suffering from the decline of their main economic source. These regions are the Hunter region of New South Wales (Australia) and the Le??n province of Castilla Y Le??n (Spain). A pilot study and a survey were conducted in both regions. Three types of analysis were applied: network, statistical and qualitative. The research method makes it possible to replicate research and develop a theory of regional networks for economic development. The results show that success of RENEDs is determined by capital investment generated by the projects, their influence in changing the economic bases of the regions, and the improvement to regional network capital. This study found that frequency of communication is a structural element that significantly affects the production of projects. However, other variables affect projects, such as external pressures from globalisation, government policies and ideologies, and internal constraints from the public, private and civic sectors. This thesis concludes that RENEDs have an important role in regional planning through the formulation of specific projects that target economic disparity. RENEDs represent a system of relationship that enrich the network capital of the regions as an important asset for their future.

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13

Berisha, Visar. "Collective Identity and Economic Development : A Case Study of How People’s Perception of the Collective Identity Affects The Economic Development in Kosovo." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-273704.

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This paper aims to show how identity can be of importance to issues relating to development. More specifically, it deals with how the Kosovar Albanians perception of their collective identity have affected Kosovo’s economic development. The study draws primarily from the theories of Identity Economics and Orientalism and presents a hypothesis which is then tested empirically through the analysis of the in-depth interviews and participant observation carried out in Kosovo. The results show that Kosovar Albanians have, to a degree, internalized the Orientalist discourse, which often portrayed them in racist terms as the ’other’, in their view of their collective identity and that this has had a negative effect on how they perceive their potential in the global economic system, which in turn has undermined the country’s economic development. Thus, identity seems to be of significance when it comes to issues relating to development.

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Lee, Carolyn Ging 1975. "Business incubators as an economic development strategy : a case study of Oakland's communications technology cluster." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42821.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77). Business incubators are a rapidly growing trend in economic development. The National Business Incubator Association estimates there are nearly 600 incubators in North America today which each help create over 500 jobs. Through the provision of real estate, physical amenities, and business services, incubators can improve the success rates of small businesses, which in turn translates into jobs, diversification of the local economy, and tax base expansion. The growth of the high technology sector promises to generate quality, well-paying jobs. Therefore, communities are pumping large sums of public dollars to support and sustain high tech business incubators. However, without a full understanding of how incubators impact local communities, it is difficult to justify these public investments. Moreover, without evaluating its strengths and weaknesses, and how the incubator fits within the communities' larger business development strategy, opportunities to further improve this economic development tool in practice may be overlooked. This thesis assesses the impact of the Communications Technology Cluster (CTC) located in Oakland, California. Using business attraction, job creation, business retention, and effects on city image as evaluation measurements, this research shows that CTC has produced mixed results. In the process of evaluating CTC, several larger issues emerge, of which workforce development, business services, and the city's hard and "soft" infrastructure are identified as key impediments to the realization of the city's economic development goals. In light of these findings, this thesis proposes an action strategy for improving the incubator's operations and for considering new ways of thinking about the incubator's role in the overall economic development strategy. The thesis concludes with the argument that the publicly affiliated incubator should be integrated into the community's overall strategy in order to achieve its full impact. This has implications for economic development practitioners. By extracting lessons from the case study of CTC in Oakland, economic development practitioners can begin to consider the existing assets and liabilities of the city, and design an incubator strategy tailored to best meet the needs and objectives of the local community. by Carolyn Ging Lee. M.C.P.

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Combos, Constantinos Demetrios. "Changes in the female labour force within the context of economic development : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357332.

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16

Al-Alwan, Ameer Mohammed. "The Effect of Road Investment on Economic Development: A Case Study of the Oregon Counties." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1288.

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Despite its significance and frequent mentioning in the literature, the relationship between road investment and economic development has never been clearly understood. A significant number of scholars in this field have always emphasized the need for further research to examine this complex and dynamic relationship. Historically, investment in transportation networks has played a great role in the development of cities, regions, and nations. This positive view is attributed to the indispensable role that water transportation, and then rail transport, played in the early development of Europe and the United States. In recent years, many scholars, as well as policy makers, have disputed that investment in transportation, and in particular roads, in the regions of a highly developed country like the United States will have a great impact on economic development. This disagreement and speculation about the role of transportation investment, especially roads which constitute a large portion of the transportation network, on economic development has made justification for roads funding difficult. This is coupled with the recent decline in federal funding for many civilian programs, and in particular, regional economic development program, that include investment in road systems. Furthermore, rising construction and maintenance costs for major highway systems have substantially out-paced the current funding levels. As a result of the shortage of roads funding and the lack of federal support, individual states have started to take on more responsibility for keeping their road network intact. In almost all the states in the nation, and Oregon is no exception, the state Departments of Transportation have started to use economic development as a criterion for roads funding. Therefore, it is the objective of this dissertation to examine the longitudinal impact of the various types of roads investments on economic development in Oregon in order to better understand this dynamic relationship. Total road expenditures, capital expenditures in the three types of roads (primary, secondary, and local), total maintenance expenditures, and maintenance expenditures in the three types of roads are used as a measure of road investments. Total employment to growth and employment to growth in manufacturing and service sectors are used as a measure of economic development. In order to achieve the above objective, the Granger Causality test at different level of aggregation is used to examine this relationship. First, the state as a single aggregate unit is used to examine the effect of the various road investments on the three employment to growth sectors. Second, different spatial groupings, such as Portland Metropolitan Counties vs. the rest of the state Counties, Urban Counties, vs. Rural Counties, Interstate Counties vs. Non-Interstate Counties, Coastal Counties vs. Non-Coastal Counties, and the Department of Transportation's five designated regions are used to examine this relationship. Finally, the county level as a single disaggregate unit is also used. The results highlighted the complexity of the relationship between road investments and economic development. The nature of this relationship varies from one region to another, and mainly depends on the level of aggregation in determining the direction of this relationship. At the aggregate level, the state as one geographic unit, the various road investments have a positive impact on the employment to growth in this region. In particular, total road expenditure and capital expenditure on primary and secondary roads have a one-way directional relationship runs from the various road expenditures to employment to growth, and the effect of this investment is long-term. This analysis also indicates that the different spatial groupings have demonstrated different relationships. Nevertheless, the general pattern for most spatial groupings tends to suggest either a one-way directional relationship runs from the various road expenditures to employment to growth or a bi-directional relationship. No findings support the hypothesis that employment to growth in the three economic sectors causes road expenditures, with the exception of very few cases, especially at the lower end of the analysis at the county level, where the results are highly discrepant and mixed. In addition, this research indicates that the time-lag effect measured by lag-length and accumulative lag effect changes as the level of aggregation changes. However, the general pattern seems to indicate that total road expenditures and capital expenditures for the three types of roads, particularly primary and secondary roads, have a long-term effect on employment to growth. Also, the relative magnitude effect of total road expenditures and capital expenditures on primary and secondary roads is greater on the employment to growth than is the comparable effect of maintenance expenditures in most spatial groupings. Furthermore, the effect of the various road expenditures on the type of employment (manufacturing and service) depends greatly on the level of aggregation and the type of road Investment Finally, this study provides public policy makers, transportation planners, and regional economic developers a better understanding of the complex relationship between road investment and economic development. A better understanding of this highly complex and dynamic relationship can guide decision makers to best utilize their limited resources. In addition, this research offers insight into the theories and works in the field of transportation and economic development.

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Deneulin, Séverine. "Examining Sen's capability approach to development as guiding theory for development policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1c357bd8-5e83-48df-a748-f71745304ac1.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine to what extent Sen's freedom-centred view of development, with its existing theoretical foundations, offers sufficient theoretical insights for guiding development policies towards the enhancement of human freedoms. The theoretical part of the dissertation focuses on the three foundational building stones of Sen's freedom-centred view of development. First, the capability approach sets the evaluation space of development in the capabilities that people have reason to choose and value, but by doing so, it is argued that Sen's capability approach contains tensions between human freedom and human well-being that can be loosened by thickening this evaluation space with a substantial view of human well-being. Second, the capability approach views individual agency as central in development, but because of the socio-historical dimension of human freedom and agency, it is argued that concepts of collective capabilities and of socio-historical agency are more central in promoting human freedoms. Third, promoting human freedoms cannot be dissociated from democratic policy-making. But because the link between the two is not necessary, it is argued that the capability approach's consequentialist evaluation of human well-being will have to be thickened by a procedural evaluation which assesses the exercise of political freedom through certain normative principles of decision-making. The empirical part of the thesis illustrates these theoretical arguments through the analysis of two case studies, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. The case studies particularly point to a country's socio-historical agency, or collective capability in promoting human well-being, through socio-historical narratives. These narratives assess a country's collective capability in promoting human freedoms by looking at the country's socio-historical reality, and how its members have appropriated that reality in the course of the country's history, opening up or closing down opportunities for realising policy decisions towards the removal of unfreedoms.

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Karaan, Abolus Salam Mohammad. "An institutional economics approach to agribusiness in development : South African case studies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50570.

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Thesis (PhDAgric) -- Stellenbosch University, 2006. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation is a sojourn into institutional economics and its application to contemporary economic and development issues in South Africa. Economic development initiatives in agribusiness have much to gain from the theories and approaches advanced by the new institutional economics. Institutions are considered essential to the functioning of economies, markets and organizations, despite its neglect in neoclassical economics The study intends to prove that 'institutions matter', especially when social and economic transformation is necessary. The cases studied exhibit how institutions matter and shape economic outcomes. The theoretical basis established in this thesis was applied to economic development challenges such as contracting, organizational innovation, economic empowerment, land reform, building social capital, organizational design, supply chain management, entrepreneurial development, and modes of constructive engagement. The thesis is a compilation of academic papers applied to the various selected developmental challenges prevalent in South African agriculture. The study begins by delving into the more popular New Institutional Economics literature and specifically transaction cost economics. Somewhat unexpectedly, this leads to a greater appreciation for the insights generated by the Old Institutionalists in investigating the nature of institutions. Hence, the old institutional economics gains prominence in the latter part of this work, contrary to contemporary approaches followed in agricultural economics. The acknowledgement given to aspects like social capital and embeddedness is consistent with Williamson's proposed framework for the economics of institutions and this is used as the conceptual framework in this thesis. Whereas the new institutional economics was found to be useful in yielding knowledge through analysis and remediable outcomes, the old institutional economics retains its advantage in promoting understanding of problems especially in the face of complexity. This inclination has influenced the thesis in two ways. First, it diverted the latter part of the work towards the old institutional economics and the role of social capital in shaping institutions and economic behaviour. Second, it reverts to theories on the nature of the firm that complements the transaction cost approach. The transaction costs approach is thus only used where it is found most effective i.e. analysing vertical integration between firms and the relevant ex ante incentives and the ex post governance aspects Most studies are motivated by a general recognition of the role of institutions in framing economic outcomes and end up in the new institutional economics and subsequently transactions cost economics. This favouring of the transaction cost approach has found appeal due to its ability to predict structural and organisational outcomes such as the efficient boundaries of firms, internal organisation, contractual relations, incentives, etc. Methodologically, it enables analysts to employ the empirical and mathematical rigour that has become a feature, but too often the purpose, of economic research. Three papers are devoted to this approach and elicit organisational designs that best contend with identified transaction costs. The study confirms that several aspects matter in institutional analysis when applied in an economic developmental context such as South Africa. Historical context is acknowledged as a critical facet of institutional analyses in the sense that institutions are shaped by the forces of history. Social capital is established as an important component of institutional economic analysis and particularly relevant in situations where social capital has been eroded by political economic manipulations. Attending to social capital require (inter alia) insight into the nature of the societal context, implied path dependency, the extent of trust, enforcement mechanisms, and agency relations. Three of the papers attend to these aspects. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif bevat 'n toepassing van institusionele ekonomie op kontemporere ekonomiese- en ontwikkelingskwessies in Suid Afrika. Die nuwe institusionele ekonomie het veel te hied tot ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe vera! in agribesigheid. Institusies word beskou as essentieel tot die funksionering van die ekonomie, markte en organisasies, ongeag, die nalaat daarvan in die neoklassieke ekonomie. Die studie poog om te bewys dat 'institusies geld', vera! wanneer sosiale en ekonomiese transformasie noodsaaklik is. Die teoretiese basis wat gevestig is in die proefskrif, vind toepassing op ekonomiese ontwikkelingsuitdagings wat insluit kontraktering, organisatoriese innovasie, ekonomiese bemagtiging, grondhervorming, bou van sosiale kapitaal, organisatoriese ontwerp, waardeketting bestuur, entrepreneurskap ontwikkeling, en modes vir konstruktiewe omgang. Die studie begin met teoretiese 'n ondersoek in die meer populere nuwe institusionele ekonomiese literatuur, en spesifiek transaksie koste ekonomie. Dit lei later tot 'n onverwagse waardering vir die insigting wat die ou institusionele ekonomie genereer, wanneer die aard van institusies bestudeer word. Gevolglik, verkry die ou institusionele ekonomie prominensie in die latere deel van die studie, in teenstelling met die landbou ekonomiese benaderings wat deesdae bespeur word. Die erkenning aan sosiale kapitaal en institusionele ingeworteldheid is in tred Williamson se voorgestelde raamwerk vir die ekonomie van institusies is word gebruik as die konseptuele raamwerk in die tesis. Waar die nuwe institusionele ekonomie nuttig is in die werwing van kennis, is die ou institusionele ekonomie nuttig in die kweek van insig en verstaan van probleme en kompleksiteit. Die proefskrifword op twee maniere hierdeur beinvloed. Eerstens, leun die latere deel van die werk meer na die ou institusionele ekonomie en die rol van sosiale kapitaal in die vorming van institusies en ekonomiese gedrag. Tweedens, verskaf dit 'n fokus op die teoriee oor die aard van die firma wat komplimenter staan tot transaksie koste ekonomie. Die transaksie koste benadering word aangewend in die ontleding van vertikale integrasie tussen firmas en die relevante ex ante insentiewe en ex post strukture, waar dit vera! nuttig is. Meeste studies erken die invloed van institusies op ekomiese uitkomste en gebruik hoofsaaklik die nuwe institusionele ekonomie en transaksie koste ekonomie. Hierdie vooroordeel ten opsigte van transaksie koste ekonomie, vind byval as gevolg van die vermoe om strukturele en organisatoriese uitkomstes te voorspel soos die doeltreffendheidsdrumpel van firmas, interne orgasnisasie, kontrakte, insentiewe, ens. Metodologies, moedig dit empiriese en wiskundige benaderings tot ontleding aan, wat ongelukkig a! die doe! geword het in vele ekonomiese ondersoeke. Drie van die referate wat in die proefskrif vervat word, behels die identifisering van toepaslike organisatoriese ontwerpe wat geskoei is op die transaksie kostes wat geldentifieer is. Die studie bevestig dat sekere aspekte van belang is in institusionele ondersoeke, vera! in 'n ekonomiese ontwikkelingskonteks soos Suid Afrika. Historiese konteks, word erken as a kritieke faktor in institusionele ontledings, in die sin dat institusies onontbeerlik deur geskiedkundige kragte gevorm word. Sosiale kapitaal word ook erken as 'n belangrike komponent in institusionele ekonomiese ontledings, vera! in omstandighede waar sosiale kapitaal verweer het as gevolg van polities ekonomiese manipulasies. Dit veries dat aandag geskenk work aan, ( onder and ere) sosiale konteks, gelmpliseerde koers afhanklikheid, vertoue, afdwingbare meganismes, en agentskap verhoudings. Drie van die referate word hieraan gewy.

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Stenberg, Marie. "Creating Development or Barriers : A Case Study of the Application of World Bank Economic Conditionalities to Mali." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18154.

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This is an International Relations thesis that will address the current situation in Mali regarding the conditions attached to aid and debt-relief by the World Bank. These conditions are of a neoliberal nature introducing privatization and liberalization of prices in the cotton sector in Mali. The goals with the use of these conditions are to promote economic development and growth in order to reduce poverty in Mali. However, these conditions have been argued by some authors and reports to inefficient in achieving poverty reduction. It have been questioned whether the neoliberal ideology used by the World Bank is the most suitable for the current development situation in Mali.

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Cheigh, Brian Chaneung. "The urban economic development impacts of ethnic entrepreneurship : a case study of Dominican entrepreneurs in Lawrence, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33011.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-114). This thesis examines the process through which ethnic entrepreneurship impacts urban economic development. In many urban places across the United States, demographic change has led to the rise of ethnic communities and the rise of ethnic entrepreneurs. In cities with sustained economic decline, the rise of ethnic entrepreneurship has been viewed with two perspectives: they are seen as symbols of continued economic decline or they are perceived as the new source of economic opportunity. Economic development practice has generally assumed the former, and in this thesis I focus on how ethnic entrepreneurship represents the latter. The thesis thus provides a strong criticism of contemporary economic development practice, and presents the case that economic development practice must embrace the role that ethnic entrepreneurship and the process of ethnic community formation plays in urban economic development. I present my arguments by first establishing a series of conceptual frameworks that show the ways in which ethnic entrepreneurship and the process of ethnic community formation influence economic activity and lead to urban economic development. I then apply the conceptual framework to a case study of Dominican entrepreneurs in the city of Lawrence, Massachusetts, a low-income city whose population is 61% Latino and 24% Dominican. Based on the findings and analysis from the case study showing the urban economic development impacts of Dominican entrepreneurship in Lawrence, I present a series of recommendations for economic development practice in the city that highlights the opportunities present in ethnic entrepreneurship in Lawrence. by Brian Chaneung Cheigh. M.C.P.

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21

Nordin, Sara. "Relational Destination Development : Case Studies on the Significance of Tourism Networks." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327333.

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Destination development has become a key issue in local and regional development. In particular, many governments recognize the industry's potential for fostering economic growth and development. The tourist destination is often conceptualized as a complex network with several levels of interaction – both networks of actors within the destination, but also networks linking it to its surrounding environment with potential and actual customers, other destinations, government bodies and so on. It is hence the assumption here that we cannot fully understand destination development in a particular community unless we have a good understanding of how the key stakeholders interact. By applying different network approaches that are based upon and united by a relational economic geography perspective to the study of destination development, we can widen our understanding of why some destinations struggle to survive and often decline, others maintain a threshold of success as tourist visiting areas, whereas there are still others, which exhibit a high level of competitiveness with local entrepreneurial milieus characterized by growth and long-term development. More generally, this thesis deals with a traditional core issue in economic geography, i.e., to explain what it is that makes a place or region characterized by growth and development. This thesis explores this issue, and expands our knowledge on the links between various types of network structures and growth in a destination context, as demonstrated by case studies of two successful tourism areas. These studies of the Swedish mountain resort of Åre, and of Icehotel in northern Sweden, explore relational destination development and the significance of tourism networks.

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Qiu, Zihui. "Path dependency in the development of peripheral region: a case of Guangxi, China." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21379.

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This dissertation is concerned with path dependency in the development of peripheral regions from an institutional perspective. There is a considerable literature in multiple related disciplines, focusing on the role of institutional dynamics in affecting the development of peripheral countries or regions within bigger domestic markets. However, little work has been done, either empirically or theoretically, on the role of multilevel state agencies, politics, policies, and their implication on local economy evolution. Much of the research that has been done use evidence and knowledge derived from European and American contexts. Therefore, the key aims of this thesis are to 1) theoretically, syntheses economic geography perspectives with the institutional political economy approach, to give a better understanding of the development processes and mechanisms of peripheral regions; and 2) empirically, to examine the nature of a peripheral development in Guangxi, which is a Chinese autonomous region (rarely mentioned by studies of recent Chinese economy development), in a rapidly industrialising economy, based on an in-depth investigation of this peripheral region’s development. The thesis argues that Guangxi’s development trajectory has been influenced in various ways by the provisions of cumulative processes starting from its peripheral status, and further influenced by decades of development policies, state ideology, and institutional arrangements at both regional and national level. The thesis pays more attention to how the political, economic, and social institutions of a specific region, respond to changing environments in both the national and world economy. An in-depth case study of Guangxi, (in the far south of China) shows its slow economic growth compared with other coastal counterparts. The findings are derived from extant historical research and data and a primary qualitative method involving semi-structured interviews. The thesis re-examines the performance of China as a national economy in the world economic system, and how the domestic core and periphery relationship has evolved along with the process. It finds that although in general, the Chinese economy managed to restore its status in the world economy to a certain extent, local economies’ development remained highly uneven, due to changing domestic core and periphery relationships. The concepts of core and periphery, and cumulative causation are critically examined. A conceptual framework for analysing and understanding path dependence is built upon an in-depth theoretical synthesis that deconstructs the idea of evolution between path creation and preservation. It redefines them in a historical way. The examination highlights the importance of local institutions in coordinating the behaviour of macro-level political economy change. In this case, the historically conditioned political distance between regions and the central state is essential. Together they can help to fundamentally understand the mechanism behind the lock-in of development trajectory of a region in China. Path dependency should be placed at the core to explore the question of why some regions such as Guangxi remain mostly at the mercy of exogenous forces and assets, while others manage the endogenous place-based development of economies. The empirical evidence suggests that the cumulative effects which facilitate China’s regional disparities are substantially politically constituted, due to the Chinese-specific political-economic system. I conclude that both the egalitarian policies during the planning economy era and the latter neoclassical reform focus on promoting national aggregate growth had the most crucial impact on the current state of China’s economic geography. Finally, this thesis provides new evidence of forces that are likely to interrupt the logic underlying existing mechanisms to suggest policies for the future development of Guangxi.

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Savanhu, Tatenda. "Financial liberalization, financial development and economic growth: the case for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006197.

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Financial liberalization in South Africa was a process that took the form of various legal reforms very a long period of time. This study uses quarterly financial data from 1969 quarter one to 2009 quarter four to analyse this process. The data used was pertinent to the financial liberalization theorem by McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973). The examination of the relationships between the various macro economic variables has important implications for effective policy formulation. The empirical analysis is carried out in four phases: the preliminary analysis, the principal component analysis (PCA), the cointegration analysis and pair wise Granger causality tests. The preliminary analysis examines trends over the sample period and reports the on the correlation between the selected variables. The PCA analysis was used to create indexes for financial liberalization, taking into account the phase wise nature of legal reforms. The generated index was representative of the process of financial liberalization from 1969 to 2009. A financial development index was also created using the various traditional measures of financial development and through PCA which investigated interrelationships among the variables according to their common sources of movement. Cointegration analysis is carried out using the Johansen cointegration procedure which investigates whether there is long-run comovement between South African economic growth and the selected macroeconomic variables. Where cointegration is found, Vector Error-Correction Models (VECMs) are estimated in order to examine the short-run adjustments. For robustness, many control variables were added into the model. The results showed that there are positive long run relationships between economic growth and financial liberalization, financial development and a negative relationship with interest rates. The Granger results suggested that the MS hypothesis does not manifest accurately in the South African data. The implications of the results were that financial liberalization has had positive effects on economic growth and thus any impediments to full financial liberalization must be removed albeit with considerations towards employment and local productivity. Financial development also possessed positive long run relationships with economic growth, although results differed based on the financial development proxy used. Thus, financial development must be improved primarily through liberalizing the banking sector and spurring savings.

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Hechanova, Maria R. "An evaluation of the social and economic impacts of the PPAEP on rural Philippines : the case of Luyong Bonbon and Pagalungan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/941.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social, economic and other impacts of the Pilot Provincial Agricultural Extension Project (PP AEP), an Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) project in the villages of Luyong Bonbon and Pagalungan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. This study has examined the literature related to technology transfer in agriculture, the notion of appropriate technology and Australia's current development program in the Philippines. This study utilises a multiple case study of qualitative methodology. The Group Ecology Model (GEM) is utilised as a conceptual framework of this study and the process/ outcome matrix is utilised to analyse the data from a qualitative perspective. This study reveals that Australia's development assistance program in the Philippines as reflected by the success of the PP AEP, has increased agricultural productivity and enhanced the social and economic conditions of marginal farmers and fishermen in the two villages. The key to the project's success is the transfer of appropriate technology. Appropriate technology is transferred through the project's participatory approach which involves a close coordination and cooperation of all sectors of government, Rural Based Organisations (RBOs) and Non Government Organisations (NGOs). Moreover, PP AEP has increased the awareness for environmental protection in both villages and enhanced the employment of women in its activities. The strategy of participatory approach adopted by PPAEP is effective in development activities of government. Skills development is equally as important are technological and financial inputs. This study reveals that the general concerns apparent in the two villages are financial and infrastructure. The study reveals that financial constraints can be a hindrance to the project's sustainability while infrastructure problems can cause delays in development. It is suggested that project implementors continue to replicate PPAEP's participatory approach to development in its future projects. Funding constraints and infrastructure problems can be resolved through dose supervision and coordination of the governments of Australia and the Philippines in its current and future projects.

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楊潤財 and Yun-choi Yeung. "Case study of how a project is proposed for possible inclusion in China's seventh five-year plan, 1986-1990." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263665.

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Evans, Mary R. "Case studies in East Asian economic development: the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31308.

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Since the end of the Cold War, economic strength has become the leading symbol of power and means of achieving peace and stability. East Asia is widely viewed as the up-and-Coming economic power center. Examination of East Asian economic development can provide some useful insights into overall patterns of development and influence, and suggest the path to a post-Cold War world future of peace and prosperity. This thesis provides two representative case studies: the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China. These studies emphasize the importance of external (foreign) development assistance to modernization in lesser developed countries (LDCs) and the roles played by the United States and Japan as the world's major sources of such assistance. Findings include: (1) LDCs can make extensive use of foreign development assistance without losing control -- or sovereignty -- over their economies of the direction of their development; (2) mature, industrialized economies can provide large amounts of assistance to LDCs without destroying their own economic futures; (3) the experience of the East Asians can provide useful alternatives for LDCs worldwide; and (4) a partnership has emerged between the United States and Japan as sources of development assistance.

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Chien, Shiuh-Shen. "Policy innovation, asymmetric decentralization and local economic development in post-Mao China : case studies of China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park and Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1929/.

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The Chinese government's economic reforms over the last couple of decades have led to rapid economic growth for the country. However, many empirical studies on the post-Mao China show that the economic transition towards market economy is in large part actually propelled by active local governments, which are encouraged to make policy innovations in order to promote better local economic development. This thesis aims to offer an understanding on how, why and under what circumstances the local governments of post-Mao China - while still controlled by a one-party communist regime- are able to make policy innovations to deal with business operating under market transition conditions. Theoretically, the phenomenon of local policy innovation can be analyzed with a framework involving three dimensions. First, local policy innovation can be seen to take place in order to respond to challenges presented by the changing macro development environments. Second, local policy innovation can be understood as a consequence of changing responsibilities and competencies between central and local governments. Third, local policy innovation may be related to the dynamics of local-central strategic interactions. Empirically, with the contextual approach as its chosen methodology, this theoretical framework is applied to two successful cases of innovation in Jiangsu province within the Yangtze Delta of post-Mao China: Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone (KETZ); and China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (CSSIP). The history of these two national development zones identifies the former as a case of a 'locally initiated project' while the latter represents an example of 'local implementation of a centrally initiated project'. In terms of types of local-central dynamic interaction, 'state- intention to tolerate', 'ex-post state endorsement', and 'ex-ante state adoption' were seen sequentially in the case of KETZ, while 'marginalizing the local', 'local obedience', and 'local flexibility' operated simultaneously in the case of CSSIP. The thesis concludes that in post-Mao China significant local policy innovations were able to take place when localities encountered structural changes, including China's reengaging with globalization, changing local-central relations, and serious territorial competition. Actions of local policy innovations were ignited by agents, across scales, whose self-interests were highly involved in local economic development in the context of asymmetric decentralization. More specifically, in the post-Mao China context of economic decentralization to the local combined with political centralization under the party, career-minded local officials utilized their decentralized 'economic resources' to strive for more development, which in turn became their 'political capital' with the upper-level government to get themselves promoted.

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Ndengeyingoma, Billy. "The balance of local culture and global economic development : the case of the Nyarugenge Heritage Village in Kigali, Rwanda." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111430.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-54). As the fastest urbanizing continent in the next three decades, Africa is projected to play a major role in the global economy. The upward trend in the influx of foreign direct investments is set to continue thanks to an overall stable political and macroeconomic climate on the continent and microeconomic reforms in many countries. The country of Rwanda stands out for its reforms to ease business and for its attention to spatial planning as they relate to global competitiveness. The extensive master planning process for its capital Kigali exemplifies the city's aims to integrate its economy in the global market through strategic physical developments including heritage preservation. This thesis interrogates the references to and the inclusion of heritage preservation in the planning priorities of a post-colonial, post-conflict and developing city like Kigali aiming to operate as a global city. The plans for the Nyarugenge Heritage Village, currently an active wholesale trading center, will serve as a case study to assess Kigali's intentions to balance its local culture with its participation in the global economy. The case study is discussed through a content analysis of city master plans and interviews with planning stakeholders as well as with store owners in the trading center. The analysis reveals heritage preservation is primarily meant as a tourism attraction and an economic development strategy. In light of this conclusion, the thesis ends on a discussion of a holistic planning process which could achieve a better balance between local culture and global economic development. by Billy Ndengeyingoma. M.C.P.

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Rakgole, Molatelo Walter. "The relationship between socio - cultural factors and sport participation in schools : a case study of Germiston High School in the Gauteng Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2329.

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Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 The post-apartheid socio-cultural, economic and political dispensation in South Africa have prompted a high-level perceived potential inclusion in sport-participating in different aspect of self-development regardless of culture, economic and social difference across the nation. However, little is understood, from an empirical viewpoint, about the potential challenges and limits towards the successful participation in sport in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-cultural factors and sport participation at Germiston High School in the Gauteng Province. A quantitative research was conducted using case study research design method. A Non-probability sampling method was done through purposive sampling method to select Grade 8 to Grade 12 students from. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires. There were one hundred and forty-seven students that participated in a survey of self-administered questionnaires at Germiston High School. The findings of the study reveal that sport-participation is highly linked to socio-cultural and economic aspects among students. For students, teachers are expected to be involved in sport-participation and be of the forefront of inclusiveness. It also was found that sport preference among students is linked to their important others. Thus, a full experience of sport-participation through resources available at school is compromised for many students. Schools, the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture together with sponsors and parents are encouraged to intervene in promoting sport participation.

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Van, Eck Steve. "Neighborhood Economic Impacts of Contemporary Art Centers." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4435.

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Do investments in Contemporary Art Centers spur investment and economic development in the surrounding community? And if so, what factors are associated with these developments' outcomes? To assess these questions, a general overview of the dominant arts-and-economic-policy perspectives were considered, and two cases of contemporary art center developments, one in St. Louis and one in Cincinnati, were compared and treated as hypothetical value-capture investments. Sale prices of properties surrounding each investment property were adjusted to reflect market factors, then compared to values before and after an investment property opened to the public. A review of supplemental documents and interviews with the developments' directors were used to determine factors that contributed to the effects observed in the study. Findings indicated that the adjusted value of properties in Cincinnati declined with distance from the site of development in the post-test period, and not in the pre-test period. Hedonic results for properties in St. Louis were not significant. However, the museum's development was one among other factors that signified to investors that the area was ready for restoration. Interviews and document review indicated that community participation in the development planning process, distinctive architecture, and commercial contexts were associated with developments meeting their stated goals.

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Pham, Khanh Katherine. "Between a Rock and a Hot Place: Economic Development and Climate Change Adaptation in Vietnam." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4498.

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This thesis explores 1) the ways that three Vietnamese infrastructure development projects undermine their cities' climate change adaptation goals and 2) the political and economic forces driving these developments. In-depth interviews highlight four main perspectives of planners and decision makers, which explain why these infrastructure projects often undermine cities' climate resilience goals. I describe how the mainstream climate change adaptation planning approach, with its emphasis on participatory planning, good governance and green growth, implicitly reinforces the neoliberal growth model, even as it seeks to ameliorate the inequality and ecological destruction that such a growth model creates. My research reveals how Vietnam's growth-first economic model and its dependence on international finance means that its climate adaptation priorities are increasingly shaped by the interests of financial institutions, and not necessarily the public interest. I argue that even if the strategies proposed by Vietnamese planners and climate adaptation practitioners are adopted, maladaptive projects will continue in Vietnam, unless the underlying economic growth imperative is addressed.

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Derossett, David L. "Crisis, conflict, and consumption| Case studies of the politics and culture of neoliberalization in urban responses to global economic transformations." University of Missouri - Columbia, 2013.

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Warner, Lisa A. "The Reaction to Economic Globalization in Latin America: A Case Study of Argentina." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001660.

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Albrecht, Julia Nina, and n/a. "The implementation of tourism strategies : a critical analysis of two New Zealand case studies." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090310.161051.

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This thesis examines the implementation of tourism strategies in a rural community context. Applying public policy implementation theory to tourism research, this study investigates questions related to connections and collaborations between stakeholders, decision-making and inducing action and the relation between objectives in a strategy document and actual outcomes of a policy process. Two tourism planning strategies in rural peripheral communities of New Zealand�s South Island are investigated adopting a case study approach. While these strategies have in common their geographical and content foci, they differ in terms of commissioning agencies, stakeholder and community involvement, age, resource allocation and planning and implementation approaches. The strategies are four and eleven years old. One is a top-down strategy by a government agency, the other is the result of a community bottom-up process. Using a pragmatic methodical approach and applying a framework that incorporates the implementation environment including stakeholders and decisive events during strategy making, this research assesses the two cases individually and comparatively. Thus applying a non-linear framework and examining strategies that allow for an investigation of longer implementation timeframes, this study overcomes long-standing issues in this type of research. It fills a gap in the literature as it is the first comprehensive analysis of tourism plan implementation to employ public policy implementation theory in one coherent case study approach. The methods applied in this study include semi-structured interviews as well as content analysis of strategy and policy documents, internal documents such as minutes of meetings and newspaper articles. Starting with strategy makers and �key implementers�, a snowballing process was used to identify further interviewees and to also follow the policy process as perceived by the main actors in it. This combination of methods allowed for a discovery of the policy story; it assisted a process-oriented investigation of tourism plan implementation while at the same time providing factual information and verifying stakeholder statements through triangulating interview results with the content analysis of documents. Overall, for both the top-down and the bottom-up planning case, implementation was found to be dynamic and highly dependent on the actors at the grassroots level. Many critical stakeholders are volunteer community members who have little or no experience in tourism planning. Most actors are tourism operators or are otherwise involved with the industry. However, as some actors are not actively involved in the tourism industry but represent interests related to the protection of the social and natural environment, their views and actions have the potential to be anti-tourism development and therefore they evoke conflict. The two planning approaches do not differ significantly in terms of bureaucratic control and political guidance. Institutions such as, for example, district councils or economic development agencies, mainly impact on the availability of resources to plan and implement strategy goals. Whether or not goals are achieved therefore ultimately depends on the commitment and interest of all stakeholders involved. Other important factors for policy success are the stability of stakeholder relationships and the level of information and knowledge held by those stakeholders, particularly in situations where there is little support from agencies. This is evident where a stakeholder�s previous experience in community work and relevant know-how is considered an asset among the volunteers who are responsible for many of the projects. The potential for conflict and the necessity for implementers to �make do� with the funding, knowledge and information they have, accounts for high volatility of priorities and goals during implementation. Key findings that relate to both the tourism planning and the public policy literature refer to the similarities of implementation processes for top-down and bottom-up strategies at a grassroots level, the significant role and decisive influence that inexperienced volunteer implementers have in such settings and the high degree to which policy change takes place during such processes.

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Brock, Timothy J. "ENTREPRENEURIAL PLANNING AND URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ESTABLISHING COMMUTER RAIL IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/27.

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Rooted in the theories of urban entrepreneurialism, this dissertation employs a political economy framework as a means of analyzing urban governance and economic development in the contemporary US city. This case study of Orlando adds to our understanding of how entrepreneurial narratives are being applied to transportation infrastructure projects in pursuit of local economic development. The empirical case study explores the relationship between planning narratives, urban governance and economic development in the establishment of the SunRail commuter rail system in central Florida. I present the political history of economic development and the role of local boosters in shaping the sociospatial distribution of urban infrastructure and public investment in Central Florida. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the case study is based on a series of extended interviews with transportation planners, urban policymakers and community leaders in the Orlando area. The empirical data was complemented with official documents and archival records concerning the planning of transit-oriented developments along the SunRail system. This research presents the current efforts of Central Florida boosters to apply governance approaches to reshape the urban form and to direct the ensuing flows of capital investment through the restructuring of the region’s transportation infrastructure and employing planning narratives that draw heavily on creating amenity growth strategies. Local boosters expect that by providing dense development corridors through the region, including transit-oriented development centers, the city will have met the pre-conditions for attracting private capital investment. Specifically, local leaders are seeking to attract investment by the type of firms that will provide high-wage jobs to the region to balance the glut of low-wage service sectors jobs found in the region’s theme park industry. In the case of Central Florida, early private investment in SunRail adjacent property has come from local firms that tend to have a high level of local fixity and existing investments in the Orlando market.

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Demko, Benjamin Eli. "Urban Revitalization in Cleveland: A Case Study on Cleveland’s Empowerment Zone Initiative 1994-2004." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1386284716.

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Shmulevich, Yoav. "Evaluating the technical and economic feasibility of large scale municipal solid waste to energy project in RSA - Atlantis Foundries anaerobic digestion project case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24286.

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This dissertation investigates the tech no economic feasibility of a large scale municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy project in the Republic of South Africa, by evaluating the feasibility of Atlantis Foundries (AF) envisaged anaerobic digestion project. Following an audit on the AF site and consultations with AF and Anaergia (PTY) Ltd (the envisaged project technology provider), the most suitable project scenarios under various assumptions were identified and used in the analysis of this study. The feasibility of 2MW continuous, 3MW continuous, 5MW continuous, 5MW peak and standard, 5MW peak and lOMW peak, MSW to energy generation project scenarios were investigated. For each scenario a basic process design was made. A dedicated techno economic model was developed, and parameters obtained from the site audit and design stages were input to the model. Results of the feasibility study were then evaluated and compared with each other. Results showed that all the project scenarios are technically feasible, legally achievable and financially feasible with payback times below 10 years and IRR above 10%. The 5MW peak and standard generation scenario is the most economically attractive option with a payback time of 5.2 years and IRR of 23%, followed by the 5MW continuous generation scenario with a payback time of 5.7 years and IRR of 21%. The 5MW peak and standard generation scenario can offset about 134,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent GHG emissions per year.

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Moshabesha, Mosili. "The relationship between financial development and manufacturing sector growth: evidence from Southern African Customs Union countries." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002725.

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Extensive research has been done on the relationship between financial development (FD) and growth (with the main focus on economic growth). Theoretical models and most of the conclusions reached stipulate that the development of a financial system is one of the essential ingredients for economic growth. A developed financial system is able to provide financial services efficiently to the real sector. This study examines the relationship between FD and manufacturing sector growth of the SACU countries. The study first reviews the theoretical and empirical literature of FD and growth (economic and manufacturing sector). This gives a full understanding of the topic before attempting to empirically study it. It also helps in the selection process of the model and variables to be employed in the study. A balanced panel for four SACU countries, namely Botswana, Lesotho, RSA and Swaziland, for the period 1976 to 2008 was estimated using Zellner‟s Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) method. Namibia was omitted because of limited data. The SURE model was selected because it performs better than ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of individual equations in cases where the countries studied can be affected by similar external shocks because they are in the same economic region and also have country specific structural differences which could affect their economic growth. Two measures of FD were used: credit to the private sector provided by commercial banks (FIC) and the ratio of liquid liabilities of commercial banks to GDP (LL). Manufacturing sector growth was measured by manufacturing value added to GDP. The results of the relationship between manufacturing growth and FD were very weak across the countries. The model that used FIC performed better, there was a negative significant relationship found in RSA and Swaziland, while with the model that used LL, all the countries gave an insignificant relationship. The results for Swaziland were very consistent with the past findings of the relationship between FD and economic growth in the country (for example Aziakpono (2005a)). This may be because of the high share of the manufacturing sector in GDP. Theory suggests that a well-developed financial system will have a positive impact on growth, but this was not the case in RSA and Botswana, where in some cases FD had a negative impact on the growth of the sector. The analysis of the countries‟ manufacturing sector development shows that the sector plays an important role in the economies of the SACU countries, especially in terms of employment and exports. The coefficients of trade openness are generally positive, though not significant in some cases. The other control variables gave mixed results across the counties and across the models. Based on the findings, the countries have to develop strategies that will improve entrepreneurial skills. Also the financial development in the small SACU countries is essential in order for all the sectors in the economy to benefit from the financial sector and in turn increase economic growth.

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Nel, E. L. "Regional and local economic development strategies in the Eastern Cape and guidelines for future development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005524.

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Local Economic Development (LED) is an applied economic development strategy which seeks to address site-specific needs through locally appropriate solutions. In this thesis, the faith being accorded to the potential of LED in South Africa is critically examined. The study is based on a detailed examination of the experience of regional development and several emerging cases of LED in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. High levels of poverty and unemployment necessitate and justify innovative approaches to address such problems. The thesis examines the potential of LED strategies and identifies applied policy guidelines which can help address the Province's development needs. The theoretical framework of this research is based on a critical examination of international and South African literature dealing with development issues, LED and localities theory. A detailed documentary examination of early LED endeavours and the experience of regional development in the present century was undertaken. Results suggest that LED is not a new concept and that regional development, through its political bias, achieved only limited success. Contemporary examples of LED were identified and examined through detailed site-specific investigations. This was carried out through the use of semistructured interviews supplemented by participatory rural appraisal and questionnaire surveys which served as a means to triangulate the results. The research findings indicate that regional development, as applied in the study area, did not lead to the establishment of a permanent industrial base. In terms of the concept of LED, it is apparent that it has allowed for socio-political empowerment but has only improved economic conditions in the more well-endowed case-studies. In these areas, positive antecedent conditions and the key role played by community supportive nongovernmental organizations is apparent. Despite the limited degree of success which many initiatives attain, the thesis regards LED as a development alternative for areas which are unlikely to draw in external investment. Some of the key contributions of the thesis include the advancement of a refined typology of LED, the development of a research schedule to investigate and assess LED initiatives and the postulation of appropriate development guidelines and theoretical constructs.

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Base, Jessica. "Using International Trade as an Economic Development Tool: A Case Study Analysis and Applied Framework for Cleveland, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277123604.

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41

Cheng, Zhangxi. ""Friendship" in China's foreign aid to Africa : case studies from Ghana and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12007.

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Following the dramatic takeoff of contemporary China-Africa relationship in the late 1990s, this once neglected international phenomenon has become one of the most topical themes over the past decade. This new popularity is due not only to the growing importance of both China and Africa on the global stage, but also China's rapidly increasing foreign aid on the continent. However, whilst most scholars are focusing on the financial side of the story – the massive concessional loan deals, the generous investments in natural resources and so forth, the primary purpose of this foreign aid – assisting African recipient countries' economic and welfare development – has only generated minimal interest. Little is known regarding how China delivers its foreign aid, and even less about how this foreign aid actually works in the African recipient countries. In light of this situation, this study asks: How has China's foreign aid been assisting Africa's development? On the basis of drawing specific attention to the effectiveness and sustainability of China's foreign aid in Africa, this study also explores the factors that affect these outcomes. Which, as this study finds out in the end, friendship – a factor that is often overlooked by Western scholars and patriotically examined by Chinese scholars. Not only has it continuously played a substantial role in shaping the development of China's foreign aid in Africa, but it is also frequently the most influential underlying consideration that practically undermines China's foreign aid outcomes. All in all, whilst purposed to promote China's foreign aid outcomes, this study improves our understanding of China's foreign aid in Africa. As well it delves into the development of China's foreign aid in Africa, assesses its performance, this study finds the shortcomings of China's foreign aid at present and searches for practical solutions that may contribute to its future development.

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Nqadini, Mlungisi Patrick. "Development challenges in Khayelitsha : an analysis of related issues." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51684.

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Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apartheid statutes like the former Group Areas Act created what is referred as "Apartheid Dormitory Cities". Khayelitsha is a typical creation of apartheid. As a result Khayelitsha faces many socio-economic challenges such as poverty, low standard of living characterised by low income distribution or no income, high rate of unemployment, illiteracy, education problems, housing problems, health problems and poor economic conditions. Attempts were made to create civic associations and development structures to deal with socio-economic challenges in Khayelitsha, but all those attempts never brought about development solutions. The Khayelitsha community tends to have a poor participatory planning role in development related issues. Khayelitsha as an apartheid legacy city will take a long time to dismantle in social, economic and purely practical terms. Rebuilding Khayelitsha equitably will be a tough exercise. The government strives to develop South Africa from a society of racially based compartmentalisation into a non-racial, developed country with equal opportunities, better education, health, housing and employment.These challenges are Khayelitsha's major problems which cannot be solved overnight. The problem faced is the re-integration of the separated zones of the former group areas. This makes it difficult to share the economic resources that are needed in Khayelitsha in order to solve its socio-economic problems. The integration of cities will only come about if the restructuring is in accordance with specific needs of the Khayelitsha community. People of Khayelitsha should be involved in the planning of their own city and be able to make informed decisions. The objective of this thesis is to analyse related development issues and challenges in Khayelitsha and to provide possible solutions contributing to development. Government and development agencies can draw lessons from the recommendations of this thesis and come up with sustainable and people-centred development-related strategies. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eertydse Apartheidswetgewing soos die herroepte Groepsgebiedewet as een van die wetgewende elemente van die Apartheidsperiode, was verantwoordelik vir die skepping van sogenaamde "apartheidslaapdorpe". Khayelitsha kan beskou word as 'n tipiese voorbeeld en skepping van so 'n "slaapdorp" as gevolg van Apartheid. As direkte resultaat hiervan ervaar Khayeltisha talle sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings soos armoede, lae lewenstandaarde gekenmerk deur huishoudings met lae inkomste verdelings en in sommige gevalle geen inkomstes, hoë werkloosheid, ongeletterdheid, onderwysprobleme, behuisingsprobleme, gesondheidsprobleme en algemene swak ekonomiese omstandighede. Pogings is wel in die verlede aangewend om burgerlike organisasies in Khayelitsha van stapel te stuur, maar hierdie pogings het daarin gefaal om werklike en meetbare ontwikkelingsoplossings te bewerkstellig. Die Khayelitsha gemeenskap vervul 'n beperkte deelnemende beplanningsrol in ontwikkelinggebaseerde aangeleenthede. In praktyk sal Khayelitsha, as apartheidstad, lank neem om volwaardig te ontluik in terme van sosiale-, ekonomiese-, en verwante aanwysers en sal die regverdige en verteenwoordigende heropbouingsproses nie sonder struikelblokke ervaar word nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering strewe daarna om die land te ontwikkel vanaf 'n samelewing gekenmerk deur rasgebaseerde kompartementalisering na 'n nie-rasgebonde gemeenskap met gelyke geleenthede in terme van onderwys, gesondheid, behuising en werksgeleenthede. Hierdie aangeleenthede vorm deel van die uitdagings wat Khayelitsha in die oog staar. Oplossings sal nie sommer oornag gevind word nie. Die probleem wat oorkom moet word is die herintegrasie van aparte sones as gevolg van eertydse geskepte groepsgebiede. As gevolg hiervan is dit moeilik om ekonomiese hulpbronne, wat dringend in Khayelitsha benodig word, te herverdeel en te versprei ten einde die omvangryke sosio-ekonomiese probleem te verlig. Die integrasie van stede en spesifiek Khayelitsha, sal alleenlik suksesvol wees indien die herstruktueringsproses plaasvind met inagneming van die spesifieke benodighede en tekortkominge van die gemeenskap. Die gemeenskap van Khayelitsha moet betrek word in die beplanning van hul eie stad en deurgaans deel vorm van effektiewe konsultasie ten einde ingeligde besluite te kan maak, iets wat tans ontbreek.

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Atfaye, Haile. "Poverty alleviation through community development : the case of PRO PRIDE-Ethiopia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52408.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Misunderstanding of poverty and lack of sound poverty alleviating strategy, among others, are problems of some of the few NGOs existing in Ethiopia. There is a problem of understanding their roles in relation to the State and other stakeholders. The principles they apply in their intervention are other problems. These are the issues that were researched in the PRO PRIDE case study. The legitimacy of PRO PRIDE as a poverty-alleviating programme in view of global and Ethiopian poverty and the consequent policy focuses is justified. The principles of PRO PRIDE - community participation, gender equity, intersectoral collaboration, appropriate technology, focus on prevention, participatory management, cost effectiveness and sustainability of programmes - are sound principles. Reviewing the practices of PRO PRIDE as guided by the aforementioned principles it is understood that the community development principles - human orientation, public participation, empowerment, ownership, release, social learning, adaptiveness and simplicity - are commendably achieved. PRO PRIDE well dealt with understanding poverty and its interwoven nature. Issues such as the deprivation trap that the poor are entangled in; the general explanation of poverty that are given by different authors; vicious cycles of poverty and social, economic and political causes of poverty which are operating at local, national and international levels; and the rural-urban dynamics that work in exacerbating the urban poverty are covered in its socio-economic study. The study of the programme areas shows that they depict a dismal picture as a result of the operation of these poverty dynamics. Regarding the integrated rural-urban poverty alleviation strategy, the State has made favourable policies and itself dwelled on rural poverty due to lack of financial capacity to cover both rural and urban areas. The State's rural focus is accepted to impact on the urban poverty through changing the migration pattern. PRO PRIDE is operating in the urban setting to connect the nexus - the rural-urban strategy. PRO PRIDE is operating with an integrated urban development strategy encompassing income generation, basic education, primary health care, HIV IAIDS prevention and control and environmental sanitation. Through integrating these areas of intervention PRO PRIDE is improving the quality of life, promoting sustainable urban economic growth, creating income and employment generating opportunities, giving people access to resources and opportunities, improving the distribution of income and welfare, and applying sound developmental principles. The functioning of PRO PRIDE is proven to be in a well compliance with the requirement for organisations alike. It is functioning in collaboration and participation with the popular sector - the people themselves and their community leaders. It operates with the agreement of the State bodies such as FRDCB and with other line bureaus such as Health, Education, Environmental Development, and Labour and Social Affairs. It collaborates with donors the major being ActionAid - Ethiopia (AAE). Internal components of PRO PRIDE such as the Board and the staff as well as its organisational development influence its operation. All the programmes and the projects are managed through PRO PRIDE's interaction with its internal and external stakeho lders. PRO PRIDE as an agent of development has played as a catalyst to initiate development, focused on empowerment and using the people's latent potential, materialised capacity building and facilitation. These are basically the requirements that the current NGOs should fulfill, which PRO PRIDE commendably did. The study has indicated that although PRO PRIDE is an organisation of overall success, there are some areas of future focus both by the State and PRO PRIDE. Recommendations are made as to what both parties should do in their future focuses. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanopvattings oor armoede en die gebrek aan gesonde strategieë vir die verligting van armoede, onder andere, is swakhede van sommige van die paar bestaande NGO's in Ethiopië. Verder ondervind hulle ook probleme om hulle rol met betrekking tot die Staat en ander deelhouers te verstaan; ook die beginsels wat hulle by intervensie beoefen, is problematies. Hierdie is die kwessies wat deur die PRO PRIDE gevallestudie ondersoek word. Die legitimiteit van PRO PRIDE as 'n armoede-verligtende program, gesien in die lig van die globale en Ethiopiese armoede en die voortspruitende beleidsfokusse, word geregverdig. Die beginsels van PRO PRIDE - gemeenskapsdeelname, geslagsgelykheid, intersektorale samewerking, geskikte tegnologie, fokus op voorkoming, deelnemende bestuur, koste-effektiwiteit en die volhoubaarheid van programme - is gesonde beginsels. Oorweging van die praktyke van PRO PRIDE aan die hand van voorgenoemde beginsels toon dat die beginsels van gemeenskapsontwikkeling - menslike oriëntasie, openbare deelname, bemagtiging, eienaarskap, bevryding, sosiale leer, aanpasbaarheid en eenvoudigheid - noemenswaardig verwesenlik is. PRO PRIDE het goed daarin geslaag om armoede en die verweefde aard daarvan te verstaan. Kwessies soos die ontberingsvalstrik waarin die armes vasgevang is; die algemene verklarings vir armoede deur verskillende skrywers; die bose kringloop van armoede en die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke oorsake van armoede, aangetref op plaaslike, nasionale en internasionale vlakke; asook die landelik-stedelike dinamika wat meewerk tot die verergering van stedelike armoede word gedek in die sosio-ekonomiese studie. Die bestudering van die programareas verbeeld 'n droewige prentjie te wyte aan die operering van hierdie armoede- dinamiek. Betreffende die geïntegreerde landelik-stedelike armoede-verligtingstrategie, het die Staat gunstige beleide gemaak en oorheersend gefokus op landelike armoede vanweë 'n gebrek aan finansiële kapasiteit vir die aanspreking van die probleem in beide landelike en stedelike gebiede. Die Staat se landelike fokus is aanneemlik gevind vir die impak wat dit op stedelike armoede kon hê deur verandering van die migrasiepatroon. PRO PRIDE opereer vanuit 'n stedelike omgewing om die verbinding, landelik-stedelike strategie, te bewerkstellig. Dit opereer binne 'n geïntegreerde stedelike ontwikkelingstrategie behelsende inkomstegenerering, basiese opvoeding, primêre gesondheidsorg, VIGS-voorkoming en -beheer, asook omgewingsanitasie. Deur integrering van hierdie tussenkomsgebiede verbeter PRO PRIDE lewenskwaliteit, bevorder dit volhoubare stedelike ekonomiese groei, genereer dit inkomste- en indiensnemingsgeleenthede, maak dit hulpbronne en geleenthede toeganklik vir mense, verbeter dit die distribusie van inkomste en welvaart en pas dit gesonde ontwikkelingsbeginsels toe. Die funksionering van PRO PRIDE is bewys te voldoen aan die vereistes gestel vir ooreenstemmende organisasies. Dit funksioneer met die samewerking en deelname van die volksektor - die mense en hulle gemeenskapsleiers. Dit opereer met die instemming van Staatsorgane soos FRDCB en ander lynstaatsinstansies soos dié van Gesondheid, Opvoeding, Omgewingsontwikkeling en Arbeid en Sosiale Aangeleenthede. PRO PRIDE werk ook saam met donateurs van wie die vernaamste ActionAid-Ethiopië (AAE) is. Interne komponente soos die Raad en personeel, asook die organisatoriese ontwikkeling van PRO PRIDE beïnvloed die operering daarvan. Alle programme en projekte word bestuur deur PRO PRIDE se interaksie met sy interne en eksterne deelhouers. PRO PRIDE as 'n ontwikkelingsagent het as 'n katalisator opgetree om ontwikkeling te inisieer, het gefokus op bemagtiging en gebruik van die mense se latente potensiaal en het kapasiteitsbou en fasilitering bewerkstellig. Hierdie basiese vereistes waaraan NGO's behoort te voldoen is noemenswaardig deur PRO PRIDE gerealiseer. Die studie het getoon dat hoewel PRO PRIDE in die geheel geslaag het as organisasie, daar tog sommige gebiede is wat toekomstige aandag van beide die Staat en PRO PRIDE verdien. Aanbevelings word gemaak oor wat beide partye in hul toekomstige fokus behoort te onderneem.

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Mbontsi, Nandipha Siphokazi. "An evaluation of the role of local economic development in promoting infrastructural development: a case study King Sabata Dalindyebo local municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/295.

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This study examines Local Economic Development intervention strategies in relation to promoting infrastructural development with specific reference to roads as one of the vital interventions for alleviating poverty in the KSD Municipality. The study sought to evaluate the impact of the deteriorated condition of roads on the growth of economic activity and community development, the understanding of LED by both the Council and the officials, and also to evaluate LED approach on infrastructural development for poverty alleviation. The study reveals that the municipality does not understand the concept of LED as a result this has caused blockages and impediments in terms of implementing the program in the municipality. Though there are some successes achieved through the construction of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Stadium, there are key constraints related to shortages of funds, staff, skills and resources. The study has established that LED is not living up to expectations in the area, there seems to be confusion regarding its definition and application. Furthermore, there is a confusion regarding the purpose of LED whether it is purely about poverty alleviation or whether LED it is about encouraging economic growth. Ideally it should be about the combination of the two. LED clearly has a critical role to play in terms of considerations of poverty alleviation in terms of addressing development backlogs and promoting sustainable economic growth. In order to achieve this, there is a need to establish a permanent LED facilitation and support unit. The need to identify key intervention strategies, for example, the Expanded xii Public Works Program which aims at identifying labor-intensive and community construction methods. In order to achieve this the study details a number of key recommendations which are mentioned below: The need to properly define LED and its goals, also to align LED with business and market realities. There should be adequate and appropriate training of officials, adequate funding and ensuring accountability. Active encouragement of local leaders, local level forums and partnerships and close co-operation with beneficiaries should be encouraged. It is also vital to establish LED units and development agencies at local level to drive LED process. It is also important for the municipality to encourage economically viable projects which meet poverty and growth requirements and which can also encourage SMME development

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Rachmawati, Tutik. "Public entrepreneurialism and democratic values : how might local public leaders pursue successful economic development? : case-studies from Indonesian local government." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6654/.

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This thesis focuses on local economic development in developing countries and, on the basis of research conducted in Indonesia, it examines how local governments balance ‘public entrepreneurialism’ with ‘democratic values’. Through four case studies, the thesis explores how the values of innovation and development are matched by concern for democratic accountability and respect for local cultures and traditions. The case-studies provide complementary and contrasting perspectives on local leadership and its impacts on local economic development, focusing respectively on development of the informal economy, exploitation of the potential of technology and the creative industries, modernisation of agriculture, and the securing of increased foreign investment. The key finding from these case-studies is that effective leadership in local economic development does indeed call for the spirit of entrepreneurialism and innovation to be balanced by sensitivity towards local democratic values and principles. However, rather than it being necessary for the formal head of the local government personally to provide the required leadership in both respects, it may equally be feasible for two (or more) different individuals within the hierarchy of the organisation and with respective strengths in entrepreneurialism and democratic values to work together to ensure that the desired balance is indeed achieved.

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De, La Barre Kenneth. "Inuit investment strategies in northern development : the case of the Makivik Corporation in northern Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61695.

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Keal, Duncan. "An investigation of changing socio-economic conditions, opportunities and development interventions in small Eastern Cape towns in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005516.

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Small towns internationally and in South Africa are becoming increasingly marginalised, and they are often experiencing economic downturn, demographic shifts and a rearticulation of their role in the urban hierarchy. In the case of South Africa many of these small towns are also faced with low levels of social development. The urgent need to address such conditions is evident by the fact that a large proportion of the South African population resides in small towns, and their surrounding hinterlands. This said, there are examples of small towns, internationally and in South Africa which, through the use of various Local Economic Development actions, have managed to remain sustainable, and in some cases become economically viable localities once again. In light of the above, the research conducted for this thesis seeks first to establish the socio-economic changes occurring over time in three small towns in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, namely Stutterheim, Bedford and Hamburg. Secondly, the research aims to identify the nature of LED activities in the three small towns, highlighting those factors contributing to the success of LED initiatives as well as those factors inhibiting LED in small towns. This is done with the intention of developing future lessons for LED in small towns. The research was conducted using a mix of qualitative and quantitative data generated through the interviews with key role players in each town, as well as secondary data sources. Findings from the research suggest that the small towns investigated are characterised by low levels of socio-economic development. In addition, it appears that the development opportunities for the towns are limited. Current initiatives are being driven by private role players with local government being largely uninvolved. Such initiatives are limited in nature, with benefits only felt by small groups of the local community. However, examples do exist of where LED has successfully benefited the broader spheres of the local community, thus suggesting that if implemented properly such an approach does have potential to assist in the socio-economic development of small towns. In light of this, a number of lessons are identified for LED in small towns, including the need for strong leadership, community involvement, partnerships between role players, and planning for project sustainability.

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Mabuza, Khanyisile D. "An assessment of the industry cluster approach as a tool for local economic development : the case of the new media industry in Birmingham." Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10788/.

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Industry cluster policies are a current trend in local economic development programmes and represent a major shift from traditional approaches. This trend has been coupled by an increasing interest in new media industry as a significant focus for regional development strategies. In England clusters and new media industry have therefore come to be seen as important tools in promoting local and regional economic development. This study aimed to ascertain the success of these policies. In order to achieve the aims of the study, the Birmingham new media industry was chosen for the study. In addition to an extensive review of the literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with new media firms and Business Support Agencies (BSAs) offering programmes to promote the development of the new media industry cluster. The key findings of the thesis are that the concerns of new media industry when choosing their location do not conform to the industry cluster theory. Moreover, close proximity in geographical location of the industries does not mean there is collaboration and any costs saved as a result of close proximity to similar firms are at present seen as irrelevant because of the type of products they offer. Building trust between firms is the key in developing the new media industry cluster and the BSAs can act as a broker and provide neutral ground to develop it. The key policy recommendations are that new media industry is continually changing and research must continuously track and analyse cluster dynamics in order to be aware of emerging trends and future developments that can positively and negatively affect the cluster. Policy makers need to keep in mind that there is no uniform tool kit to foster the different sectors in cluster development. It is also important for them to be winning support and trust of new media firms since this is key in the success of the cluster. When cluster programs are introduced they must explain their benefits to industries more effectively in order to encourage them to participate in programmes.

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Tzeng, Cheng-Hua 1973. "Growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries : the interplay of the state, the market and the social sector." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102829.

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This study builds an integrative framework to delineate the process of growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries. Deriving from the existing entrepreneurship literature, this thesis uses two notions to delineate the process of growth of indigenous firms: entrepreneurial intent and entrepreneurial capability. Then, drawing on the literature of economic development, it identifies three key sectors, the state, the market and the social sector, that foster entrepreneurial intent and cultivate entrepreneurial capability. The research setting is the information technology (IT) industries in China and Taiwan, each of which has had impressive performance when compared with their counterparts in other developing countries. This study differentiates the growth of entrepreneurial firms into three stages, getting started, getting there, and staying there, and proceeds to analyze the comparative-historical experiences of six IT firms, three in China and three in Taiwan. The firms in China are the Advanced Technology Service Division (ATSD), Lenovo Computer, and Great Wall Computer. The firms in Taiwan are United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), Acer, and Vanguard International Semiconductor (VIS). It is found that at the stage of getting started, the government tends to be key among the three sectors, and can broadly influence the firms' entrepreneurial intent by building the national institution context, and more specifically through industrial policies. At the stage of getting there, the domestic social sector becomes more salient, and can transfer technology to entrepreneurial firms either from abroad or from their own research; they can also help defend entrepreneurial firms in intellectual property disputes with multinational firms. At the stage of staying there, due to their advanced technology, multinationals as forces in the market become more prevalent, and can enhance or destroy the capability of entrepreneurial firms. Overall, the state can act as context builder, champion and confronter; the social sector can play the roles of capability builder and capability defender, while the market, via multinational firms, can play the roles of capability destroyer and capability enhancer.

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Smirnova, Vera. "Urban systems dynamics and emergent morphologies under the neoliberal socio-economic restructuring: Moscow and Shenzhen as case studies." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17823.

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Master of Science Department of Architecture R. Todd Gabbard In recent years urban planners have seen critical changes in the scales, pace, and trends of urbanization, resulting in suppressed urban patterns and the emergence of distinctive types of urban dynamics. A possible interpretation of this process is that it represents a “radical socio-spatial restructuring under the regime of global neoliberalization”, a phenomenon that is being widely discussed by many influential planners, urban geographers, and sociologists. My overarching research agenda is to develop a new analytical framework for comparative quantitative analyses of neoliberal urbanization pressures that cause the emergence of distinct patters of urban dynamics and morphologies. By comparing different experiences of ongoing urban transformations around the world and studying the mechanisms of their emergence, we can identify contemporary trends, monitor critical changes and shape a better future for our cities. Using China as a basis of comparison, my thesis seeks to challenge the unproductive and homogeneous patterns of urban dynamics that emerged during neoliberalization in Russia. The controversial and extremely heterogeneous model of Chinese urbanization cannot be applied universally, but valuable lessons can be derived. My work aims to explore specifics of two different patterns of neoliberal transitions in Moscow (Russia) and Shenzhen (China) in 1992 and 1978 respectively. By focusing on detailed scales of restructuring of urban settlement typologies I identify the characteristics of socio-spatial patterns prior to confronting the transition and its resulting outcomes. While considering potential context specific properties of East Asian urbanization, I am making an attempt to extrapolate this vernacular experience into generalized theory. Connecting and quantifying local and global dimensions of urban transformations helps me build a comprehensive theoretical and quantitative framework for a more profound understanding of ongoing socio-spatial restructuring.

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