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Nurmetova, Fazilat. "DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN-SOUTH KOREA RELATIONS (2000-2020)". JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 6, n. 3 (30 giugno 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-6-5.
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The article states that the Uzbek-South Korean economic relations have reached a new level, in particular, the Joint Statement of the Heads of State on the comprehensive deepening of the Strategic Partnership, the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Human Resources, 2018-2020. Intergovernmental Agreement on Loans from the Fund for Economic Development and Cooperation and the Fund for Reconstruction and Development of Uzbekistan Export-Import Bank of Korea, an agreement on financial cooperation relations have been analyzed using scientific publications and Internet services.
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Hwang, Kyu-Deug. "Korea’s Soft Power as an Alternative Approach to Africa in Development Cooperation". African and Asian Studies 13, n. 3 (16 settembre 2014): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341298.
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* The first version of this paper was presented at the Fifth European Conference on African Studies (ecas 5), which was held on June 27-29, 2013 at iscte-iul Lisboa, Portugal. I am deeply grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments on the previous drafts. This work was supported by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund of 2014. The rise of China as an emergent global power in gaining access to energy and mineral resources is one of the main factors for reinforcing Korea’s aid to Africa. Although Korea recognizes the limits of searching for ways of furthering its ‘resource diplomacy’ based primarily on economic pragmatism, the Korean government has strived to utilize foreign aid as a tool for soft power. Korea’s perspective is to play a bigger role in addressing global issues as well as to aspire in becoming a middle power, in the sense that it is not regionally influential in spite of its growing powers. Given that middle power diplomacy tends to pursue a norm-based approach and also provides knowledge and/or ideas relevant to a unique niche that it finds important, it is characteristically soft power-oriented. Taking into account the non-material or ideational factors as well as material ones, constructivists in the field of international relations (ir) recognize the power of ideas, norms, institutions, and interests, which contain the core elements of what Nye calls soft power. In this context, this paper attempts to illuminate some of the important questions as to why and how Korea has endeavored to focus on developing its soft power strategy toward Africa in the new millennium.
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Shabbir, Ghulam, e Mumtaz Anwar. "Determinants of Corruption in Developing Countries". Pakistan Development Review 46, n. 4II (1 dicembre 2007): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.751-764.
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Corruption is a limp in the walk of human progress. It is not a new phenomenon; it is as old as the history of mankind itself. The corruption made itself visible when the institution of the government was established. According to Glynn, et al. (1997), “…..no region, and hardly any country, has been immune from corruption”. Like a cancer, it strikes almost all parts of the society and destroys the functioning of vital organs, means cultural, political and economic structure of society Amundsen (1999). All this was proved by the major corruption scandals of France, Italy, Japan, Philippine, South Korea, Mexico, United States etc. These scandals bring the corruption problem on the agenda of major international institutions like International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organisation, Transparency International and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
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Mahdich, Alisa S. "POLICY RESPONSE OF ASIAN ECONOMIES TO COVID-2019 PANDEMIC: CHINA, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, JAPAN". Academic Review 2, n. 55 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2021-2-55-1.
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The countries of Northeast Asia were the first countries in the world, which faced the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, the epicenter of which was the city of Wuhan in the Chinese province of Hubei. As of the end of March, the spread of the pandemic has been brought under control. Compared to other sub-regions in Asia and the Pacific, Northeast Asia was relatively well prepared for COVID-19 in terms of health systems, access to basic services and connectivity. The national response to COVID-19 was quick and varied. The governments have adopted numerous policies to contain the spread of the virus, as well as to address growing socio-economic challenges and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, the governments of China, the Republic of Korea and Japan have leveraged an existing memorandum of cooperation and a joint action plan to implement joint responses to pandemic influenza and new and re-emerging infectious diseases. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary containment measures have resulted in a sharp decline in economic activity, widespread loss of jobs and livelihoods and disruptions in the provision of basic services. In 2020, the countries in the region experienced a marked economic decline. After a significant drop in domestic demand and trade disruptions in the first half of 2020, the second half of 2020 was characterized by a gradual recovery in exports, there are currently signs of a recovery. The aim of current research was to investigate the practices of the three Asian countries – China, the Republic of Korea and Japan – in supporting businesses and citizens who found themselves in a difficult life situation due to the coronavirus, in order to identify optimal examples of economic policy during pandemic. The most effective measures to support the economy of China during the COVID-19 pandemic were food supply; control over the increase in the production; online services launched by the government. The most effective measures to support the economy of the Republic of Korea were: the Bank of Korea has cut its key rate to a record low benchmark; the Bank of Korea has provided the loans to the country’s commercial banks; the country’s government has allocated considerable funds to support South Korean SMEs; Korea Trade and Investment Promotion Agency has actively developed a global online trading platform; consumption taxes in case of car purchases have been reduced significantly to support the market; the enterprises with an annual turnover of less than Korean WON 60 million won have been provided with VAT exemptions. The most effective measures which have been taken by the government of Japan to were: there have been allocated USD 4.1 billion to support Japanese SMEs; there has been announced the development of a package of large-scale measures to support the country’s economy; there have been introduced special conditions for lending to SMEs; the activities of the companies involved in the fight against the pandemic have been subsidized; there has been introduced a simplified license renewal procedure for import/export and tariff quota certificates; the Bank of Japan has doubled up to USD 112 billion the exchange-traded fund (ETF) buyback program; a payment has been provided for the citizens who cannot work; a consulting service has been organized to support SMEs; for SMEs which were forced to send part of their employees on vacation or training, the state would cover the costs of forced leave in the amount of 4/5 during 100 days.
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Nguyen, Quoc Hunga, e T. V. Lezhenina. "Economic Models of Mongolia and Vietnam: Common and Distinctive Features". Economics and Management 26, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-16-22.
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New economic models began to develop in Mongolia and Vietnam after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), when former Soviet republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Further development after the USSR’s dissolution was especially difficult for Mongolia, which almost entirely relied on the economic aid from the USSR. The US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) immediately took advantage of the crisis in Mongolia. They offered tranches to Mongolia under the condition of complete democratization of political power and establishment of market-based development institutions within the framework of a standby arrangement. Vietnam embarked on a course of destroying the socialist model in 1986, i.e. before the USSR’s collapse, and its transition to a market economy was peculiar, yet significantly different from Mongolia’s.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the economic models of Vietnam and Mongolia as well as their common and distinctive features.Methods. The study uses general methods of analyzing the international experience of transforming economic models.Results. The authors prove the efficiency of the current Mongolian and Vietnamese models in the context of global instability and crises. Emergence of new, highly efficient technological paradigms and absence of internal political protests in Mongolia and Vietnam ensure economic sustainability and high growth rate. Russia’s military aid to these countries also plays an important role.Conclusions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia received substantial assistance from the United States and was able to maintain state independence and develop its economy under the market conditions of economic activity. Relying on cooperation with Russia and China, in the 21st century Mongolia engaged in the processes of integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The Vietnamese model was forming during the country’s participation in the ASEAN free trade zone and cooperation with the developed economies of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Unlike Mongolia, Vietnam retained full political leadership of the Communist party, the unity of its people, and support for the development of market economy. In confronting difficult challenges, Vietnam receives assistance from the Donor Club.
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Lee, Doyeon, e Keunhwan Kim. "National Investment Framework for Revitalizing the R&D Collaborative Ecosystem of Sustainable Smart Agriculture". Sustainability 14, n. 11 (25 maggio 2022): 6452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116452.
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Demographic, economic, and environmental issues, including climate change events, aging population, growing urban-rural disparity, and the COVID-19 pandemic, contribute to vulnerabilities in agricultural production and food systems. South Korea has designated smart agriculture as a national strategic investment, expanding investment in research and development (R&D) to develop and commercialize convergence technologies, thus extending sustainable smart agriculture and strengthening global competitiveness. Hence, this study probes the status of smart agricultural R&D investment from the perspectives of public funds, research areas, technologies, regions, organizations, and stakeholders. It examines 5646 public R&D projects worth USD 1408.5 million on smart agriculture in 17 regions and eight technology clusters from 2015 to 2021. Further, it proposes a pool of potential collaborative networks via a case study of strawberry, a representative veritable crop inspiring smart agriculture, to demonstrate the study framework’s usefulness in promoting smart agriculture and establishing a sustainable R&D collaboration ecosystem. The proposed framework, accordingly, allows stakeholders to understand and monitor the status of R&D investment from various perspectives. Moreover, given the insight into the tasks belonging to technical areas and regions that require sustainable cooperation in smart agriculture, central and local governments develop policies to reinforce sustainable smart-farming models.
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Lee, Sook-Jong. "Financial Restructuring in Korea and Japan: Resolution of Non-Performing Loans and Reorganization of Financial Institutions". Journal of East Asian Studies 2, n. 2 (agosto 2002): 143–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s159824080000093x.
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South Korea and Japan responded to their financial crisis of the late 1990s by restructuring financial institutions. Also, financial authorities were created to supervise financial institutions and lead financial restructuring. Financial restructuring focused on the resolution of non-performing loans that had been contributing to financial failures and on strengthening their equity capital bases for sound management. Huge amounts of public funds were mobilized to pursue these policy goals. The Korean government took more drastic measures by closing or merging many failing financial institutions. Financial restructuring also facilitated bank concentration in Korea — and Japan — giving births to several mega banks. Both governments of Korea and Japan encouraged bank concentration by allowing the establishment of a financial holding company. The Korean government was more actively involved in merging banks while Japanese bank mergers were taken by business initiatives.Financial restructuring is expected to bring more market oriented business practices among financial institutions and loosen cooperative ties among financial institutions, corporations, and financial bureaucracy in both countries. Close bank-corporation ties through main bank system and corporate networks within a business group are being loosened in Japan particularly since concerned parties have come to seek market rationality over loyalty. On the other hand, the intervention in financial sector and the mediation in bank-corporation relationship by financial bureaucracy are expected to be weakened in the case of Korea. Nevertheless, discretionary power of Korea's financial bureaucracy appears stronger for the time being since it took the helmsman of determining which financial institution is out of market.
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조봉현. "Development of Economic Zones in North Korea and Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation". Global Business Administration Review 12, n. 1 (marzo 2015): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17092/jibr.2015.12.1.139.
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Bae, Young-shik. "Soviet-South Korea economic cooperation following rapprochement". Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 10, n. 1 (marzo 1991): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03025050.
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Lee, Yong-Shik. "A Note on Economic Development in North Korea: Call for a Comprehensive Approach". Law and Development Review 12, n. 1 (28 gennaio 2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0057.
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Abstract North Korea is currently one of the most impoverished countries with a history of famine, but the country has a significant potential for economic development that could lift its population from poverty. Neighbored by some of the largest and most advanced economies in the world (South Korea, Japan, and China) and endowed with abundant mineral resources, industrial experience, and a history of successful economic development in the past, North Korea can embark on the path to rapid economic development, as its southern counterpart (South Korea) did so successfully since the 1960s. Yet, the successful economic development of North Korea requires a comprehensive approach, including obtaining a fund for development; normalizing relations with the West and the neighboring countries; improving its human rights conditions; prioritizing key industrial development; and reforming its political-economic system. This note discusses the comprehensive approach necessary for the successful economic development of North Korea.
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Mrdaković, Sanela, e Miloš Todorović. "South Korea’s Economic Development and Trade Relations with Serbia: Trends and Perspectives". Economic Themes 59, n. 2 (1 giugno 2021): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2021-0012.
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Abstract The spectacular economic development of South Korea in recent decades has continuously intrigued economists, academic community and general public. Whether such a development model be applied to other, less developed countries is one of the topics often explored in a number of studies and debates. Therefore, the principles of South Korean development model and the economic parameters of its foreign trade today, are some of the research aims of this paper. The research focuses on economic relations between South Korea and Serbia, current trends and prospects for future economic cooperation through the analysis of comparative advantage of the most prominent export products and industries, using the RCA index. The analysis shows that Serbia has a potential to further improve cooperation with South Korea in several export sectors, and coupled with investments in human resources and infrastructure, as well as the active promotion of Serbian market to South Korean companies, it may be one of the vectors of their future cooperation.
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Oh, Dok Hee, e Kyung Sook Gil. "Foreign economic cooperation and development of the Republic of Korea through the conclusion of free trade agreements". Eastern European Journal for Regional Studies 8, n. 2 (dicembre 2022): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.8-2.08.
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The article discusses changes in the foreign economic policy of the Republic of Korea in connection with the deterioration of international trade at the beginning of the XXI century. The direct motive for changing the foreign economic policy of the Republic of Korea is the decline in the role of the WTO as a multilateral trading partner. On the other hand, FTA, based on economic cooperation between the two countries, is becoming a new model for economic development and cooperation in the XXI century. Bilateral negotiations are more likely to end than multilateral ones, because they are actively conducted in accordance with the interests of two countries. Therefore, free trade agreements (FTAs) are becoming the main direction of the economic policy of the Korea’s government to adapt foreign economic policy and overcome the negative trend of global economic development. An FTA has various economic effects, such as the development of trade between two countries, improving the efficiency of resource allocation, reviving investment between two countries and stimulating economic growth. In accordance with this situation, the Republic of Korea justifies the relevance of trade and economic cooperation between two countries through the conclusion of an FTA as a means of implementing an active foreign economic policy. The Republic of Korea has become an opportunity to introduce an advanced economic structure through the signing of free trade agreements with advanced countries. On the other hand, it served as an opportunity to strengthen economic cooperation through the signing of free trade agreements with developing countries. For this reason, the experience of the foreign economic policy of the Republic of Korea can serve as a good example for the economic development of developing countries.
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Kim, Daein. "Law on “International Development Cooperation with North Korea” from the perspective of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)". National Public Law Review 18, n. 4 (30 novembre 2022): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2022.18.4.59.
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This paper analyzes the legal tasks to facilitate development cooperation in North Korea through UN ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs). UN SDGs, established in 2015, is composed of 17 Goals and 169 Targets, and it includes comprehensive agenda such as economy, social, and environment. North Korea government, with the cooperation with UN branch of North Korea, established ‘UN Strategic Plan (2016-2021)’ in 2016, and furthermore published the ‘Voluntary National Review (VNR)’ in 2021. In particular, it is noticeable that ‘UN Strategic Plan (2016-2021)’ adopted the ‘human rights-oriented approach’ to which North Korea was negative in the past. This paper deals with North Korean Law in relation to “health and wellbeing (SDG3)” and “partnership for SDGs (SDG17)”, which is prioritized by North Korea Government in ‘UN Strategic Plan (2016-2021).’ In relation to “health and wellbeing (SDG3)”, ｢Act on People’s Health｣ & ｢Emergency Quarantine Act｣ in North Korea is analyzed. In relation to “partnership for SDGs (SDG17)”, ｢Foreign Investment Act｣ & ｢Statistics Act｣ is dealt with. When we review the above SDGs related Acts in North Korea, we can find lack of legal ground which can facilitate non-economic international development cooperation in North Korea. To address this issue, it is necessary for North Korea to adopt law which covers the international development cooperation comprehensively. North Korean ｢Statistics Act｣ stipulates that confidentiality in statistics is the norm, hence this Act hampers the use of statistics which is indispensable in monitoring SDGs implementation. To facilitate SDGs, it is necessary to introduce legal ground for opening the SDGs’ related statistics. UN SDGs is a international norm which applies both developing & developed countries. Therefore, UN SDGs implementation is a task not only to North but also to South Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between ｢Framework Act on Sustainable Development Act｣ & ｢Framework Act on International Development Cooperation｣, and ｢Framework Act on International Development Cooperation｣ & ｢Inter-Korean Exchange & Cooperation Act｣. In SDGs’ implementation, South & North Korea should make effort to improve each law and strengthen the cooperation in relation to this law. It will be meaningful to lay the foundation for peaceful unification of South & North Korea. In this process, we should see 1) South-North Korea cooperation law and 2) international development cooperation law comprehensively.
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Min, Woo-Jun, e Sukhee Han. "Economic sanctions against North Korea: The pivotal role of US–China cooperation". International Area Studies Review 23, n. 2 (19 marzo 2020): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865920901896.
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At the beginning of 2018, North Korea halted its long-range nuclear- and ballistic-missile development programs and announced that it was willing to denuclearize. Soon afterwards, it reached out to countries including the US, China and South Korea. This sudden change in behavior marked the end of six years of extreme isolation under Kim Jong-un’s leadership. To explain why North Korea decided to reach out when it did, the present study examines the 2006–2018 economic sanctions levied on North Korea under the US maximum-pressure policy, carried out partly in cooperation with China. The findings suggest that economic sanctions were ineffective between 2006 and 2016 for two reasons: the lack of cooperation between the US and China, and China’s policy of assisting North Korea. In 2006–2016, China and North Korea had shared values and high volumes of trade; there were no clear signs of cooperation between the US and China. However, as trade between China and North Korea began to decrease in late 2017 and early 2018, there were signs of cooperation between the US and China, and changes in North Korean behavior. North Korea came to the negotiating table largely to lift the economic sanctions, which were strengthened by cooperation between the US and China. Increased economic pressure compelled North Korea to normalize its relations with the US, China and South Korea.
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Sergun, I. P. "ASEAN+3: Key Positions of Cooperation and Prospects of Development". Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 11, n. 2 (2011): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2011-11-2-29-35.
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In this article the author considers different cooperation between countries of South East Asia with key Asia’s countries (China, Japan, Republic of Korea). The attention is focused on economic cooperation of the countries and also prospects of cooperation’s development.
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Park, Y., e Y. Kim. "The Strategic Value of Africa as the New Market and Korea’s Economic Cooperation with Africa". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, n. 5 (3 dicembre 2018): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-236-248.
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Africa is rising as the new market in the 21st century. Before the 2000s Africa was regarded as a “continent of crisis” plastered with poverty and war. However, it is now being spotlighted as the ‘last new market on Earth’ due to its development potential. Its value is being reevaluated because it presents new opportunities as an unexplored market. It present opportunities across a wide range of industries: from consumer goods to manufacturing, agriculture, natural resource development and infrastructure. Korea has been ignorant of Africa’s development potential till the mid-2000s but is now looking at Africa as a new opportunity market or cooperation partner. It is taking diverse measures such as through state visits and increase of development aid to strengthen cooperation. Korea perceives Africa’s potential from a future oriented perspective and is expanding economic cooperation from a long-term standpoint. Consequently, Korea is working towards establishing a future oriented partnership with Africa based on mutual trust by identifying core partnership projects that meet the needs of Africa. Korea seeks substantiality of its economic partnership with Africa by identifying priority countries of cooperation.
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Zhiltsov, S. S. "West’s role in the development of Ukraine". Post-Soviet Issues 7, n. 3 (24 novembre 2020): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-3-266-275.
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The collapse of the USSR pushed Ukraine for pursuing a policy aimed at expanding cooperation with Western countries. Ukraine placed great emphasis on economic cooperation with the EU and United States, as well as financial assistance from Western countries and international financial organizations, primarily the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Such interest in collaborating with the IMF was driven by the needs of the Ukrainian economy to solve current social and economic problems, maintain the political stability for the elites in power. The increased focus of the Ukrainian side on external financial assistance related to the Ukraine failure to address economic challenges, appeared after the collapse of the USSR, and initiate a new foreign economic policy. The inefficiency of the economy was aggravated by clear-cut governmental policy deficiency. At the same time, Ukraine continued to open up the country to Western capital. This weakened Ukraine’s position on world markets, negatively affected its economic potential. Hence, Ukraine went in for cooperation with the IMF to gain financial assistance and tackle its economic problems. On the other hand, the IMF showed great attention to Ukraine, granting funds to Ukraine as a part of cooperation programs but setting economic conditions and political demands. The ongoing borrowing policy has led to Ukraine foreign debt increase, triggering the dependence of the Ukrainian authorities on the IMF. In recent years, under the new President of Ukraine V. Zelensky, Ukraine has proceeded with the policy of cooperation with the IMF.
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Yu, Hyun Seog. "The role of Korea in East Asian regional economic cooperation". East Asia 20, n. 4 (dicembre 2003): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12140-003-0011-6.
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Park, Young-Bum. "The Turning Point in International Migration and Economic Development in Korea". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, n. 1 (marzo 1994): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300108.
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Korea passed its turning point in international labor migration in the 1990s, largely due to government policies aimed at rapid economic development, industrial upgrading and coping with demographic change. From the 1960s to the 1980s, international migration was initiated and pursued by the government, bringing in remittances which improved the balance of payments and helped fund investment projects necessary for industrial upgrading. Rapid upgrading, coupled with demographic and social changes, have led to a need for unskilled foreign workers on a large scale. With a large influx of illegal workers, the Korean government now faces changing its policy to allow unskilled workers to enter the country.
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Shin, Jaejoon. "Getting Off on the Wrong Foot: Rethinking the Title and Amount of Korea’s Property Claims against Japan". International Journal of Korean History 27, n. 2 (31 agosto 2022): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.101.
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Kim-Ohira Agreement, which agreed on the structure and amount of the property claims’ fund is often regarded as a turning point in resolving the issue of property claims between the Republic of Korea and Japan. However, negotiations continued for more than two years after that. It goes without saying that important discussions took place during this period as well. It is the negotiations on the details of property claims and on the importation of capital goods by deferred payment that this paper focuses. These two issues have several things in common. One is that they are related to the 1962 Agreement. The other is that the core of the problems is the nature or title of the fund, namely, whether it is a property claims’ fund or an economic cooperation fund. Ultimately, these two factors expose the incompleteness and irresponsibility of the 1962 Agreement and the agreement concerning the property claims. This is the historical significance of the KoreaJapan Agreement that this paper intends to confront.
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Kim, Bongchul, e I. A. Korgun. "LEGAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION". Вестник Института экономики Российской академии наук, n. 5 (2023): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2023_5_166_180.
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The Korea-EU relation has developed based on multilateral and bilateral legal infrastructures. Among the international legal document, the three bilateral agreements between Korea and EU provide the foundational basis for the bilateral relations. First agreement is the Korea-EU FTA which effectively became a legal tool creating favorable environment for development of the economic relations between the parties. Second is Korea-EU Framework Agreement, amended in 2010. It proclaimed a strategic partnership between Korea and the EU elevating the status of cooperation. Third is the Agreement establishing a framework for the participation of Korea in EU crisis management operations. This agreement created a new cooperation field between the partners. The documents described above represent international legal infrastructures that directly regulate Korea-EU cooperation activities and in this they differ from multilateral documents such as the WTO or the UN laws which can provide rules for certain areas of bilateral cooperation but are not directly related to Korea-EU relations. International laws are cohesively becoming important in areas beyond trade relations and in future may change the paradigm of their bilateral dialogue. Although the two partners may have some challenges and different views of the laws and their application, they main purpose is to provide significant new engines in boosting cooperation between the partners.
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Wu, Jinfeng. "The Influence of Sino-US Trade War on China-ROK Relations". Asia Social Science Academy 10, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51600/jass.2023.10.1.149.
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For China and the United States, South Korea is an important trading partner, and it is also highly concerned about the Sino-US trade war. Because South Korea's economy relies heavily on the external environment, it has also been impacted to a certain extent by the Sino-US trade war. Although some studies believe that the Sino-US trade war has brought new development opportunities to South Korea, from a practical perspective, South Korea's gross domestic product, export trade, and stock market have been greatly impacted, especially by the intensified competition among big countries and the reshaping of global value chains brought about by the Sino-US trade war. With the intensification of the Sino-US trade war, both China and South Korea should think about how to reduce the influence of Sino-US relations and maintain the stability of Sino-Korean relations. Therefore, South Korea needs to actively adjust its economic policies, speed up the upgrading of its economic cooperation with China, take the initiative to seize the American market, and play a certain role in promoting regional multilateral economic cooperation and economic and trade diversification, especially avoiding taking sides between China and the United States. China, on the other hand, should strengthen its economic and political cooperation with South Korea so as to alleviate other countries' worries about Sino-US competition and the rise of China and thus realise the stable, healthy, and sustainable development of China-South Korea relations.
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Lee, Hong-Bae. "Examining the Importance of Strengthening Cooperation between Korea and Japan under the Economic Security Paradigm". Korean-Japanese Economic and Management Association 102 (28 febbraio 2024): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46396/kjem..102.9.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to look back on Korea-Japan economic relations in the wake of the recent improvement in Korea-Japan relations, and to consider the importance and necessity of strengthening cooperation between Korea and Japan in a trade environment where economic security and protectionism are spreading.
Research design, data, and methodology: This paper first reviews recent studies similar to the scope of this study, and then examines changes in the world economic order and global trade environment due to the spread of the economic security paradigm. Based on this, we analyze the challenges facing Korea and Japan, and then consider why strengthening cooperation between Korea and Japan is important and necessary under the current trade environment where protectionism is rampant. The analysis method uses various international organizations and Korea-Japan trade statistics to analyze the structure and characteristics of Korea-Japan exports and imports, the effects of the Korea-Japan FTA within RCEP, and the ripple effects of the expansion of Korea-Japan cooperation.
Results: This paper analyzes the relationship between the economic and industrial structures between Korea and Japan and suggests that building a strong cooperative relationship at the present time, as it has in the past, will bring about mutual benefits. In particular, it emphasizes the need for active response through multilateral cooperation on the international stage, such as RCEP and IPEF, and not limited to cooperation between the two countries. Specifically, the Korean and Japanese economies have a fundamental condition in which they cannot help but prioritize the U.S.-led economic bloc when choosing between the U.S.-led economic bloc and the Chinese-led economic bloc. However, as mentioned above, the Korean and Japanese economies are faced with a dilemma in that they have a connection and closeness with the Chinese economy that cannot be easily escaped. If bleeding occurs due to intensified competition between Korean and Japanese companies, there is a high possibility that only China will benefit as it will be able to purchase at low prices. On the contrary, if cooperation between Korean and Japanese companies is strengthened and transactions are carried out with Chinese companies, the Chinese economy is still highly dependent on the Korean and Japanese economies, so negotiations can be advantageously guided in the direction demanded by both Korea and Japan.
Implications: Our government must recognize that Korea and Japan can continue to generate economic benefits by strengthening cooperation between the two countries, even under the economic security paradigm, considering the similarities in economic and industrial structures, the closeness of the economic development process, and the shared concepts of capitalism and free markets. It should not be overlooked that if trade friction or disputes occur between specific countries among the three countries, this could have a negative impact, so to speak, on large losses, not only to the relevant country but also to the other country. Therefore, strengthening cooperation between Korea and Japan is an essential option in the current situation.
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Kim, Yujeong. "Digital economic development strategy of Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea". Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2101-05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the adopted strategies of digital economic development of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. The main attention is focused on the fact that the world economy is currently undergoing transformation and the digital economy is developing rapidly in many countries around the world. Russia and the Republic of Korea are developing and implementing strategies for digital economic development in their countries. In order to ensure a competitive position in the global market, the Russian government adopted the program "Digital economy" in 2017, and the Republic of Korea, with the arrival of the new government in 2017, developed and implements the strategy "I-Korea 4.0". The article analyzes the strategy of development of the digital economy of Russia and the Republic of Korea, highlights the main basic directions, goals, digital technologies in innovation policy, and considers the prospects for digital economic cooperation. The study examined various aspects of regulatory policy related to the future development of the digital economy in both countries and a comparative analysis of the adopted economic development strategies of Russia and the Republic of Korea is carried out. The analysis revealed common features and distinctive features of the implementation of strategies that ensure the accelerated development of the digital economy of the two countries. Both countries are currently focused on developing digital infrastructure. Since Russia has a need for technological renewal and use of innovative technologies, it has plans to implement large-scale projects, and the Republic of Korea has a global advantage in the fi eld of ICT, it is expected that both countries will be able to implement promising areas of mutually benefi cial cooperation in various areas of the economy.
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Studinski, Volodymyr, e Karina Roshkar. "Historical and economic analysis of cooperation between the International Monetary Fund and Ukraine in the context of modern challenges". University Economic Bulletin, n. 44 (12 febbraio 2020): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-44-165-171.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article an attempt was made to trace the historical path of cooperation between Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund from the early 1990s, when Ukraine gained independence, to the present. The purpose of the International Monetary Fund's activity has been defined in Article I of the Fund's Statute and is to promote: international monetary cooperation; expansion and balanced growth of international trade;exchange rate stability, maintenance of proper exchange between participants; the creation of a multilateral system of payments for current transactions between members and the elimination of currency restrictions that impede the growth of world trade; reduction of terms and degree of imbalance of participants' balance of payments. The main task of Ukraine's cooperation with the International Monetary Fund is financial support and development of the economy as a whole, as well as its restructuring from a planned administrative type to a market one. In addition, Ukraine has been experiencing a difficult period since 2014 in the context of military conflict with the Russian Federation, as well as the loss of part of its territories that played an appropriate economic role in the country's life. The International Monetary Fund has become a major donor in such a difficult environment.The International Monetary Fund is a unique organization in the world in the number and diversity of member countries, while maintaining the status of a lender of last resort in the event of financial crises.The International Monetary Fund provides foreign currency loans to Member States for two purposes: to cover the balance of payments deficit (actually to replenish official foreign exchange reserves) and to support macroeconomic stabilization and structural adjustment of the economy (lending to government budget expenditures). As a result of the study, the authors concluded that Ukraine's cooperation with the IMF had several historical stages, characterized by its specificity and peculiarities. Also, cooperation between Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund has both positive and negative points. At the same time, without such cooperation, it is difficult, and often impossible, for Ukraine to maintain its balance of payments, forcing the country to continue working together with this reputable world institution.
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Lee, Do-Hyung. "A Study on Ways to Increase Economic Cooperation between Korea and Turkey". Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, n. 4 (31 agosto 2023): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose - Despite friendly diplomatic relations between Korea and Turkey, relatively little attention has been paid to economic cooperation. This research aims to find ways to expand future-oriented economic cooperation between the two countries based on the demand for cooperation in each industry.
Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to examine the possibility of cooperation with Turkey, the industrial structure of Turkey and related policies of were analyzed. In addition, the current status and direction of each industry in Turkey, along with foreign economic cooperation in Turkey, including Korea, were examined.
Findings - First, technology compatibility and standardization can be realized by participating as a collaboration partner from the infrastructure establishment stage of the industry fostered by the Turkish government. Second, it is necessary to expand cooperation targets to state-owned enterprises and local conglomerates with monopolistic market power. Third, it is necessary to diversify cooperation methods by industry and growth stage because there is a large difference in the degree of development of each industry in Turkey.
Research Implications - In order to deepen Korea-Turkey economic cooperation, it is essential to respond promptly to the actual demands for cooperation in each industry. However, since it is difficult to identify such demands at the level of individual companies, a cooperation system involving government departments, relevant public organizations, and major companies in each industry of the two countries needs to be built.
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Akhmetova, A. T., e A. Alibekuly. "Economic cooperation between ASEAN and Republic of Korea: development process and prospects". BULLETIN of the L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. POLITICAL SCIENCE. REGIONAL STUDIES. ORIENTAL STUDIES. TURKOLOGY Series 127, n. 2 (2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2019-127-2-99-108.
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Mudipanu, Gaston Kapuku, e Heejung Yeo. "Economic Development of Sub-Saharan Africa-Toward a Close Cooperation with Korea". International Area Review 11, n. 1 (marzo 2008): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590801100103.
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Jin, Nem. "Experience of Economic Development of the Republic of Korea. Prospects for Cooperation". World Economy and International Relations, n. 9 (1992): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-1992-9-81-86.
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Nikolaychuk, Tetyana. "FACTORING IN THE NATURE RESERVE FUND OF UKRAINE AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS". Innovation and Sustainability, n. 1 (7 aprile 2022): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/ins.2022.1.72.83.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Market changes in all fields of economy of Ukraine demand the creation of new institutions and mechanisms of cooperation between branches, including the sphere of environmental reserve affair requires transformations, which will be directed into the development not only environmentally protected, but also its ecological and economic components. The aim of the article is represented financial cooperation, as partnership, which can attribute economic privileges to the results of innovation activities. Business entities, operating in the format of reserved business, should form a separate segment of entrepreneurship, which requires a special form of cooperation with financial institutions in the face of banks and credit unions. Attracting of the investment flows in the industry of reserve affair is one of the most actual issues nowadays, as there are facilities of nature reserve fund of Ukraine have considerable economic and environmental potential for the development of innovative forms of conducting economic activity. Reserve areas cannot be considered only as a means of reserving and conservation of environmental resources, as thank to use of ecological oriented methods of management in the territories of the facilities of reserve fund, economic activity can be provided, that will contribute economic and ecological development of the region, formation of investing flows of the constant character, supporting the balance between bodies of state authority, local communities and representatives of private sector of economics. In the work the use of environmental factoring for the development of economic potential of protected areas is proposed. Reserve lending is considered, as a sectoral institution of crediting subjects of business activity, which carry out their economic activity in the protected areas or adjacent with them territories.
31
Serafimovna, S. S., e S. E. Andreevna. "The prospects of the economic cooperation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea amidst the expanding trade wars in the modern world". Journal of Law and Administration 15, n. 4 (30 gennaio 2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-4-53-139-147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The paper is devoted to the review of the current state of economic cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Korea under the influence of the main trends in the development of the world economy in 2019. There is presented the analysis of the achieved results of Russian-Korean cooperation, taking into account the complications of the internal economic situation in each country. The prospects of development of mutual economic cooperation in the context of continuing unfavorable trends of protectionism and trade wars in the world are assessed.Materials and methods. The study uses expert, statistical and comparative analysis, analysis of the empirical data, as well as the methods of induction, deduction, analogy, generalization.Results. As a result of the analysis, the key features of economic cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Korea at the present stage were identified, an assessment of the current state of trade and investment relations between the two countries is given; the prospects of further development of bilateral trade and economic relations are analyzed with consideration to the foreign policy factors and the situation in the world economy.Discussion and conclusion. As the presented study showed, at present the most important sphere of interaction between countries is foreign trade. Traditionally, bilateral trade is the determinant in the relations between Russia and the Republic of Korea. The urgent task for both countries is to formulate a coordinated strategy for the long-term economic cooperation taking into account the challenges that the global and national economies face, and to achieve the level of “strategic partnership” in the bilateral relations in the near future.
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Lee, Sang Joon. "Main achievements and further tasks for Korean-Russian economic cooperation: From trade to investment and innovation". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 13, n. 3 (2020): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2020.304.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article aims to examine the performance of trade and investment since the diplomatic normalization of relations between the Russian Federation (RF) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) and also suggests further areas for the development of economic cooperation between the two countries. The volume of trade between the two countries in 2019 has grown 116-fold compared to 1992. To increase trade volume, it is necessary to increase intra-industry trade to improve the mutual relationship. The direct investment of Korea into Russia has been increased, as well as diversified in different sectors. Korea’s total investment in Russia is approximately 2.75 billion USD, which is relatively small compared to investments made by Korea globally. Korea’s New Northern Policy seeks to strengthen cooperation with Russia. Korean companies must reevaluate the strategic importance of Russia. The lesson learnt from the previous experience of overcoming past crises is, first, to believe in the potential and capabilities of the Russian economy and market. The development of the Far East and the Arctic has made Russia’s energy supply chain more stable and flexible in responding to changes in the energy market. In addition, Russia is also becoming the center of the 4th Industrial Revolution thanks to its advanced scientific and technological capabilities, as well as the revival of its manufacturing industry. To advance economic cooperation between Russia and Korea, Korea has to invest in Russia’s global energy supply chain and participate in the formation of a global value chain in a certain industry by combining Russian advanced science and technology with Korean product development planning and global marketing capabilities. Specifically, The Far East, Arctic Development, and Triangle (or Quadrangle) Cooperation among ROK-DPRK-Russia (-China) will provide significant opportunities to Korean companies.
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Ring, Jonathan, e Wonjae Hwang. "Military and Economic Power Networks, Hedging, and Cooperation on the Korean Peninsula". Asian Survey 60, n. 6 (novembre 2020): 1090–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.6.1090.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Is the Kim Jong-un regime genuinely pursuing a peaceful solution, to eventually give up its nuclear arsenal, after a series of summits and negotiations with the US and South Korea? We examine how military and economic power networks on the peninsula are associated with the prospect of North Korea’s denuclearization. North Korea could use its nuclear weapons program, an internal tool designed to promote national security and power, to build up power in both military and economic power networks. Drawing lessons and speculation from the literature on states’ hedging behavior, and using agent-based models, we explain that denuclearization as part of a hedging strategy would be a viable policy option for North Korea.
34
Kuznetsova, O. N., e S. V. Kankurov. "Forecast model for the development of financing of agricultural sector companies through private investment funds". Bulletin of "Turan" University, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2023): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2023-1-4-147-160.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the problems of development of the private equity fund market in Kazakhstan, examines the current structure of the private equity fund market and its main participants; the impact of private equity fundson the performance of companies in the agro-industrial sector is discussed. The purpose of the work is to obtain a quantitative assessment of the company’s performance through its investment by a private equity fund based on the use of economic and mathematical modeling. Private equity funds, entering the share capital of the invested company, not only bring material investments, but also improve the company’s management. The paper highlights factors that influence the efficiency of the invested company the introduction of corporate governance practices, systematic risk management, and the quality of human capital. Based on economic and mathematical modeling, a quantitative assessment was made of the impact of cooperation of a private equity fund on the company’s financial performance operating profitability and return on equity. The increase in the estimated operating profitability in the post-investment stage proves the authors’ hypothesis about the positive impact of private equity funds on the company’s performance.
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Kim, Jinmok. "A Study on the Legal Issues of the South-North Equity Joint Venture Enterprise in Kaesong". Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 39, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2023.39.2.145.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2010, with the implementation of the May 24th measures, inter-Korean economic cooperation was suspended in all areas except the Kaesong Industrial Complex. Then, in 2016, with the closure of the Kaesong Industrial Complex, all inter-Korean economic cooperation came to a halt. The joint venture enterprises in inter-Korean economic cooperation were mainly concentrated in the Pyongyang region. However, there was a case of inter-Korean economic cooperation in the form of a joint venture enterprise outside the Kaesong Industrial Complex that could be accessed using the entry and exit procedures of the Kaesong Industrial Complex. South-North Equity Joint Venture Enterprise in Kaesong can utilize the industrial, transportation, and transit facilities of the Kaesong Industrial Complex and has the advantage of active participation by North Korea, which holds shares. In the Equity Joint Venture Act, it is necessary to clarify the criteria for setting land usage fees, ease the all-out agreement system, and ensure education for workers. In addition, it is necessary to fairly define subsequent procedures in cases where consultation is impossible. Under the North-South Economic Cooperation Act, it is necessary to simplify the North's project approval process and stipulate that the North should manage its property in good faith, at least to a minimum extent, in special circumstances. The law on the development of inter-Korean relations needs to clearly define the special relationship between North and South Korea and elevate the legal status of the inter-Korean agreements to the level of general treaties. The law on inter-Korean exchange and cooperation should clearly stipulate in writing the procedures for obtaining North Korean visit approvals and for importing and exporting goods, and should minimize the time required for these processes. The agreement on investment protection between North and South Korea should specify in detail the abnormal issues that impede economic cooperation and provide for step-by-step investment protection accordingly. Regarding the agreement on the resolution of commercial disputes between North and South Korea, the follow-up procedures of the agreement should be promptly carried out, and the establishment of a governing law that applies to both North and South Korea is necessary. The inter-Korean agreement went through the legislative approval process outlined in Article 60, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution, thereby establishing its legal validity. However, due to North Korea's non-compliance, it has become practically ineffective. However, as North Korea has not explicitly rejected the validity of the agreement, it is not advisable to disregard the agreement and its provisions in preparation for future inter-Korean cooperation. North Korea has been attempting to improve its external economy through scientific and technological exchanges, economic development zones, and other means since the 2010s. However, the situation has worsened due to North Korea's nuclear tests leading to U.S. sanctions and the impact of COVID-19. Due to COVID-19, there have been zero exchanges of people between North and South Korea for a period of two years starting from 2021. In the current tense situation of strained inter-Korean relations, inter-Korean economic cooperation should be carried out flexibly and adaptively, taking into account the interests of both North and South Korea and contributing to their reunification, in accordance with the dynamics of inter-Korean and international relations.
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Hwang, Ugsun. "Analysis of issues of interest in unification economic cooperation by visualizing big data on social networks". Journal of Advances in Military Studies 4, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2021): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37944/jams.v4i3.133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aims to intuitively identify trends in public interest by performing visualization analysis on unification economic cooperation using social network user opinion big data. For the “Unification Economic Cooperation” big data, the related big data were extracted using the Textom analysis tool, and text mining was performed. The results were expressed as a visualization figure.The results showed that, first, social network users were interested in North Korea's regional agricultural planning and education by the US and the government. Additionally, North Korea's rural villages existed in connection with pastoral and missionary words. An interest in how North and South Korea cooperate in investment and development in rural areas was identified. Second, there was an issue of interest in housing exchange and cooperation in North Korean villages by the community of club members as words such as club members → housing, common → housing, village → community exchange → cooperation were connected. Third, users were interested in culture and art. It would be useful to find and implement economic cooperation, a link between culture and art connected with North Korea's economic cooperation. Fourth, words such as technology, research, development, and dissemination were drawn as issues of interest. From the perspective of an integrated process, it is of interest to the general public to identify ways to implement it so that it can be pursued with economic benefits for both South and North Korea. Fifth, social network users were interested in the content of dot-com sites. The importance of the promotion of unification economic cooperation through these dot-com sites was confirmed.
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Khan, Mohsin. "An Ascertainment of Multi-Sectorial Programs for Trade and Aid between Pakistan and South Korea; Challenges, Opportunities and Way Forward". Journal of Asian Business Strategy 5, n. 11 (19 dicembre 2015): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1006/2015.5.11/1006.11.240.251.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rapid and unprecedented social, economic growth, advancement in science and technology and improved governance in Republic of Korea embarked a new miracle in the history of the world. With an aim to explore and materialize these tremendous development experiences’ the current study examine the existing trends, opportunities and potential sectors in Pakistan for sustainable economic development and suggested way forward to strengthen the cooperation between Pakistan and republic of Korea. The present study provide a descriptive analysis of both countries bilateral trade and ongoing cooperation and provide future strategy for utilizing certain developments which can revitalize Pakistan economy. The paper suggested that government and policy makers should consider the evolving nature of both countries and mutual interests through consultative meetings, visits and joint analysis. In sum, Pakistan and Korea can enjoy a mutually beneficial relationship as they enter a new era of friendship and Pakistan certainly will turn into another land of opportunity for Korea.
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Yong, L. "Prospects of Economic Cooperation between Republic of Korea and Russia (A Look from Seoul)". World Economy and International Relations, n. 10 (2013): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-10-91-94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Russian drive for economic modernization, improvement of the investment climate and development of the regional infrastructure provides an optimistic look at the prospects of broadening of the economic cooperation between Republic of Korea and Russia. Currently the level of such cooperation is not sufficient. The Korean companies behave apprehensively while considering the projects of investment. The main tasks now are to map out a new strategy of cooperation with Russia, to make stress on regional ties, to determine the key projects in different industries of the Russian economy wit.
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Reilly, James. "China’s Market Influence in North Korea". Asian Survey 54, n. 5 (settembre 2014): 894–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2014.54.5.894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
North Korea’s deepening economic interactions with China have encouraged the former’s localized trends toward a more market-oriented and externally engaged society. This article compares China’s engagement strategy to South Korea’s “Sunshine Policy” and then assesses China’s transformational influence on North Korean institutions, cross-border cooperation, businesspeople, and consumers.
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Федорів, Ірина, e Ярина Чекригіна. "TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA: CONDITION AND PROSPECTS". КОНСЕНСУС, n. 1 (2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2023-01/154-162.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Korea. Statistical data on the trade of goods and services between the two countries indicate an uneven balance of foreign economic relations at present. The aim of the article is to outline the condition and prospects of the development of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Korea. Research in this area allows to identifying factors that have hindered the development of Ukraine’s existing trade and economic potential. The main obstacles include the absence of a free trade agreement between the countries, insufficient investment, poor quality of information about market, lack of relevant legal basis for investment protection and intellectual property, and difficulties accessing the South Korean market due to regulatory barriers. The article proposes ways to overcome these problems and increase the efficiency of economic cooperation. These include signing a free trade agreement between the countries, creating joint projects in science and technology, increasing the number of investments, and improving information exchange between business communities. In particular, it is noted that the opening of free trade between the countries may lead to an increase in exports of goods and services from Ukraine to the Republic of Korea, the growth of investment, and the development of such industries as information technology, science, and education. The authors of the article also recommend conducting international forums that will facilitate the exchange of experience and knowledge in the field of business and science. In addition, the export potential of Ukrainian products to the Republic of Korea market has been analyzed, and promising niches in the category of goods and services have been identified. Ways to overcome key problems and obstacles in the declared area of cooperation have been proposed, which allows for predicting the prospects for further development and a positive impact on the economies of both countries.
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Saniya, Nurdavletova, e Kyungyon Moon. "Foreign Relations between Kazakhstan and South Korea from the Perspective of Public Diplomacy". Korean Association of Area Studies 41, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.41.2.201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thirty-one years have passed since diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and South Korea in 1992, and economic, social, and diplomatic exchange and cooperation between the two countries are more active than ever. Korea’s diplomatic strategy for Kazakhstan is at a significant turning point under the Indo-Pacific strategy created amid the Ukrainian war and the U.S.-China confrontation. This paper examined changes in economic, social, and diplomatic cooperation relations after diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1992 under the Korean government's northern policy. From the perspective of public diplomacy, recent changes in the aspect of cooperation between the two countries were tracked. Despite the rapid development of cooperation in public diplomacy between the two countries, this paper concluded that the direction of cooperation is one-sided from Korea to Kazakhstan, and that Korean public diplomacy needs to be improved in the process of being delivered outside the border.
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ILINCA, Dragoș. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EU PROFILE IN THE FIELD OF DEFENCE CAPABILITIES. EUROPEAN DEFENCE FUND". BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11, n. 4 (16 gennaio 2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-90.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article brings to attention one of the main developments recorded in the context of European defence cooperation, namely the establishment of the European Defence Fund (EDF). Conceived as an initiative aimed at contributing to the financial support of cooperation projects in the fields of capability development and defence research, the EDF represents an innovation that began to operate starting with 2021, offering additional perspectives for strengthening the Common Security and Defence Policy. Although it is a new initiative, the European Defence Fund was preceded by preparatory measures in which the necessary procedural framework and mechanisms were defined. From this perspective, the analysis developed in this article deepens the thesis regarding the positive impact of EDF for the sustainability of European cooperation in the field of defence. The strategic value of the new tool for integrating capability development and research aspects is another direction explored in the article. Last but not least, the economic role of EDF benefits of special attention in this study, from the perspective of the way in which various entities from the EU territory perceived EDF, being reflected mainly in the increase of their participation in the drafting projects and participating in competition.
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Amirov, V., e A. Fedorovskii. "To XXth Anniversary of Establishment of Diplomatic Relationship between Moscow and Seoul". World Economy and International Relations, n. 1 (2011): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-77-85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Development of bilateral ties between Russia and Republic of Korea since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990 are discussed: key trends in evaluation from bilateral cooperation to strategic partnership. Role of PDRK and the ROK in Russia’s foreign policy towards the Korean Peninsula and North East Asia. Close bilateral cooperation in high-tech industries, joint programs of economic development of the Russian Far East are the main factors for successful expansion of Russia-South Korean economic relations in the next 20 years.
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Arini, Ervina, e Anna Yulia Hartati. "Kerjasama Internasional Korea Selatan Dengan Indonesia (Studi Kasus Peningkatan Status Kerjasama Dari Strategic Partnership Menjadi Special Strategic Partnership Tahun 2017)". Kajian Hubungan Internasional 1, n. 1 (22 ottobre 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/khi.2021.1.1.6455.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research analyzes the bilateral cooperation relationship between Indonesia and South Korea regarding the increase in the status of cooperation from Strategic Partnership to Special Strategic Partnership. In this case, the focus of research is on the factors that made Indonesia agree to increase the status of cooperation to become a Special Strategic Partnership with South Korea. In addition to the existence of a free and active policy which is the basis of Indonesia's foreign policy, which makes Indonesia free to make friends and establish cooperation with any country, there is also a foreign policy. During the reign of President Joko Widodo, that accelerated infrastructure development, which of course required investment from other countries, and South Korea became one of the countries that invested in Indonesia. By conducting qualitative research, namely by reviewing the literature, and by using the concept of international cooperation, this thesis finds the factors that made Indonesia agree to increase the status of cooperation with South Korea to become a Special Strategic Partnership, namely, economic factors, defense and security factors, and social culture factors.
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Kim, Hee-Jun. "A study on Investment of Korean Enterprises in Indonesia and Economic Cooperation for Investment between Korea and Indonesia". Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 24, n. 2 (30 giugno 2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2022.24.2.109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to investigate about the investment environment in Indonesia and analyze a actual investment condition of Korean enterprises in Indonesia and seek a economic cooperation for Investment between Korea and Indonesia.
First, Indonesia's investment environment is divided into positive and negative aspects. Next, the result of analyzing the actual investment situation shows several characteristics. In other words, there are preponderance to manufacturing industry, small-scale investment by small and medium-sized enterprises, preference for joint ventures rather than wholly-owned subsidiary and newly-established corporation rather than M&A of local companies. restricted purpose of investment. Therefore, switchover of industry to service fields, large-scale investment to target the Indonesian domestic market, the promotion of wholly-owned subsidiary investment, and utilization of core competencies of existing companies through M&A can be suggested as alternatives.
The economic cooperation measures between Korea and Indonesia for investment shall be manufacturing investment cooperation, use of the public-private partnership(PPP) system, infrastructure development demand and government-private partnership projects, establishment of institutional foundations and conditions, investment-related procedures and information sharing, official development assistance(ODA) support and other economic cooperation for investments.
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Choi, Wooik. "Research of mutual perception of the Republic of Korea and Russia in the period 2016-2021". Vestnik instituta sotziologii 14, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2023.14.2.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study of the mutual perception of Korea and Russia can be considered an important form of cultural exchange for understanding the perception of the people and culture of another country. In addition, this project explores obstacles to the development of bilateral relations and possible points of contact for cooperation, that helps to determine the direction for strengthening the strategic partnership. This article is based on the results of the 2021 study, with particular attention to the differences in perceptions of the peoples of both countries and its changes since 2016.
Koreans still associate Russia with images of the past - the Soviet Union, a communist country, and communism. Russians associate South Korea with modern concepts such as the development of industry and technology and Korean culture. Both peoples express a desire to visit another country, while the interest in culture is slightly higher among Russians.
There are no significant changes in the perception of Koreans in bilateral relations. The proportion of Korean respondents expressing a positive attitude towards political cooperation has slightly decreased, positive sentiments can also be observed in relation to cooperation in the economic sphere. There are also no significant changes in Russians' perception of relations between the two countries. The proportion of those who positively assess the prospects for current bilateral relations has slightly decreased, just like the Koreans, the Russians have a positive attitude towards economic cooperation.
As the analysis of the survey results showed, cooperation between South Korea and the United States as allies and confrontation between Russia and the United States is the main obstacle to the development of relations between Russia and Korea. Foreign policy problems remain a decisive factor in the development of cooperation. Thus, in public opinion, a practical and effective way to develop bilateral relations can be an exchange in the field of economy, medicine, tourism and culture at the level of the private sector and local authorities, rather than political and diplomatic cooperation at the state level.
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Yoo, Keun Hwan, e Hye Won Yang. "A study on Korea's economic development strategy through ASEAN in the US-China hegemony competition". Taegu Science University Defense Security Institute 7, n. 6 (31 dicembre 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37181/jscs.2023.7.6.039.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The trade competition between the United States and China is fierce enough to affect relevant allies. Semiconductors play an important role in cutting-edge technology, so much so that they are called the rice of the high-tech industry. Since they are essential for automobiles, mobile phones, displays, etc., there is a need to ensure a safe supply chain in the industry. This study focused on the need to strengthen economic diplomacy using ASEAN to enhance Korea's national interests amid the US-China hegemony competition. ASEAN countries pursue practical benefits through hedging strategies. As the war in Ukraine continues and Israel and the Palestinian radical armed group led by Hamas are at war, an international security crisis is emerging, and ASEAN countries are converging on the need for strategic cooperation. The United States has consistently made efforts to improve relations, emphasizing a pivot to Asia. China believes that it is necessary to secure Chinese influence in the Southeast Asian region and is actively participating in ASEAN. Korea In order to strategically overcome this difficult situation, we must strengthen cooperation with ASEAN countries and promote economic diplomacy to secure practical benefits. Korea should strengthen economic diplomacy with ASEAN and make strategic efforts to create a win-win relationship when ASEAN countries achieve rapid economic growth in the future. Korea should secure its national interests by cooperating with Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia and strengthening economic diplomacy.
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PETRYK, Oleksandr. "UKRAINE AND THE IMF: BASIC ASPECTS OF COOPERATION". Economy of Ukraine 2019, n. 5 (11 giugno 2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.05.006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the foundation of International Monetary Fund in 1944, this organization has evolved with the development of the global economy. Nevertheless, its mission remained unchanged – to ensure the stability of the world monetary system. Such a monetary system would allow countries to follow a single standard and would contribute to world trade, economic growth and rising of living standards across nations. The IMF has three main functions: supervision and monitoring of the global economy and the economies of member countries (surveillance); providing financial assistance to member countries (lending); economic research and technical assistance to member countries (capacity development). The financial resources of the Fund are based on financial contributions (quotas of each member state) and determined by the relative position of the country in the world economy. The size of the quota determines the right to vote or the weight of the country’s vote in the decision-making process of the IMF. Today the Fund’s programs have considerably expanded and are in line with the world economy needs. The main IMF financial assistance programs are: – Loan agreement “stand-by” (SBA); – Extended Lending Facility (EFF); – Flexible Credit Line (FCL); – the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL); – Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI). In October 2018, the IMF and Ukrainian authorities announced the launch of a new SBA program, which should replace the existing program. However, to start the program, the Parliament had to approve the budget within the framework of the program. Other conditions were the creation of a permanent mechanism for adjusting gas prices for the population and strengthening the fight against corruption.
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Kupina, L. "The Contractual Framework of Trade and Economic Cooperation of Central Asian Countries with the Republic of Korea". Russia and New States of Eurasia, n. 2 (2021): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2021-2-130-146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article studies main agreements regulating trade and economic relations between the Republic of Korea and the countries of Central Asia, taking into account the dynamics of bilateral relations between them. The author also looks into the prospects and effectiveness of the development of multilateral cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the EAEU. Moreover, the author highlights the problems that slow down the development of commercial ties between South Korean and Central Asian business companies. Their resolution depends on economic and political initiatives at the national level in the Central Asian republics.
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Choi, Yong Sub. "North Korea's Economic Development Strategy in the Kim Jong-un Era and Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation through a B2B Platform". Public Policy Research Institute, Korea University 8, n. 1 (30 giugno 2022): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34266/jnks.2022.8.1.165.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study asserts that North Korea's economic development strategy in the Kim Jong-un era has the following three core elements. First, economic development led by science and technology. Second, economic development by attracting foreign capital. Third, economic development based on the active use of the market. In the case of the first two strategies, namely, the strategy through science and technology initiative and the attraction of foreign capital, although there may be a difference in degree, the Kim Jong-il era also witnessed Pyongyang's emphasis on them for economic development. However, the 'persistent' pursuit of the market as a facilitator to economic development is a unique feature only in the Kim Jong-un era. South Korea needs a new method to promote inter-Korean economic cooperation that matches the three core elements and, for this aim, this paper proposes a new method of a B2B platform connecting both Koreas to each other to facilitate inter-Korean economic cooperation.