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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Economic aspects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Economic aspects"

Yakymchuk, Alina Yuriivna, Andriy Mykolaiovych Valyukh e Liudmila Mykolaivna Akimova. "REGIONAL INNOVATION ECONOMY: ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT". SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, n. 3(11) (2017): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-3(11)-170-178.

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Kendell, Peter. "Economic aspects". Tourism Management 8, n. 2 (giugno 1987): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90020-3.

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Festel, G. W. "Biofuels – Economic Aspects". Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, n. 5 (maggio 2008): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200700335.

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Pasichnyk, Taras O. "The Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Economic Growth and Economic Development". PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, n. 60 (2024): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2024-2-213-222.

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The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the conceptions of economic growth and economic development in the context of their interconnection and differences. This is achieved through the prism of the dialectical approach, synergistic approach, normative approach, cyclical theory of economic development, economics of happiness, and theory of sustainable development. The main reasons why economic growth should not be considered as a process identical to economic development are highlighted. It is substantiated that economic development is a more expansive concept than economic growth, which is a component of economic development. Economic growth is perceived as a desirable outcome of economic activity, while economic development, due to its dialectical nature, is progressive and regressive, involving alternating stages of growth and decline. In cyclical theories, economic growth typically coincides with the upswing phase of constantly repeating cycles of economic development. The analysis indicates that there is no singular methodological approach to determining the level of economic development. In contrast, economic growth is typically assessed based on GNP and other metrics. Development economics employs a range of indicators, including life expectancy, poverty, unemployment, income inequality, education, healthcare, happiness, freedom, and others. From the perspective of sustainable development economics, an excessive focus on quantitative indicators of economic growth without considering the cumulative effects of economic activity can be described as "growth without development." This approach may jeopardize the long-term progress of humanity. It is substantiated that economic growth can be predicted within a certain time period, provided that the economic system maintains relative stability at the same level of development. Conversely, economic development is a challenging to predict process, dependent on random fluctuations that cannot be predicted. Consequently, the modeling of economic development necessitates the convergence of the exact and social sciences, interdisciplinary synthesis, which represents an important area for further research.

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Galassi, Giuseppe. "Epistemological aspects of the economic control". De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 16, n. 1 (26 giugno 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v16i1.343.

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Epistemology is essential for probing the fundamental issues of the management sciences, included the ‘economic control process’. The paper aims to highlight the connections between economia aziendale, the typical Italian research program, as well as the traditional research programs of Continental European Countries, with a theoretical reconstruction founded also on modern epistemological issues. One fundamental question, for instance, is about the ‘true’ information or knowledge conveyed by a financial statement, taking into account that economia aziendale, the general system, was conceived as consisting of interrelated sub-systems of management, organization and data gathering for planning and control. The ‘economic control’, both antecedent, concomitant and subsequent, refers to the azienda, the economic entity, that is to every kind of economic unit, not only to the business enterprise.The ‘economic control’ is concerned with social responsibility, ethical conduct, as well as with ‘evidence’, ‘proof’, opinions and judgments. The credibility of a hypothesis depends on the associated evidence, so it is not independent from the strength of the entire argument, ‘evidence plus hypothesis’. The ‘degree of confidence’ implies probability, specifically the bayesian approach for modifying early prior valuations in the light of further information, obtaining revised posterior probabilities. The essential requirement of a proof is that it is ‘psychologically satisfying’; the problem of the controller’s independence stresses the controlling ethical standards. The code of ethics and rules of conduct should serve to identify responsibilities and aims involved – greater accountability through better information about ends and means – and to underline the need for a theoretical foundation about ethics of accounting and economic controlling. Of particular interest is the dichotomy ‘subjective-objective’ related also to economic reality, every kind of reality, included physical as well as cultural ones. This brings directly in the field of accounting and ‘entity economics’ metaphors. The economic controlling process is tightly connected to interpersonal analogy and to the ‘social agreement approach’ to ‘objectivity’ and scientific methodology. There is often no possible control through ‘correspondence’ with definite aspects of reality, economic-financial events themselves. System theorists employ many concepts that correspond to ‘independent reality’ only through ‘indicator hypotheses’ such as ‘business income’ magnitude, the best proxy of the economic efficiency of the ‘business entity’.

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Tvrdoň, J. "Economic aspects of rural areas sustainable development". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 1 (20 febbraio 2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5070-agricecon.

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The articles deals with problems of different development of rural areas and their factors. In usual analysis of rural development, the position of agriculture is interpreted in broad range of opinions from the neglectable role to its non-substitutability in rural economics. The article follows strong sides of these concepts at simultaneous reduction of their weaknesses and is focused on problems of investigation of the mutual influence of endogenous as well as exogenous industries on rural regions. Applied approach leads to setting up model of economic base and deriving of multiplicators of rural development. It is obvious from the analysis that nonagricultural subsidy programs supporting development of the others industries in region have indirect influence upon its agriculture too. In different regions, this influence varies due to the factors investigated in the paper. 

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D.K, Israilova. "Labor Migration and Money Transfer: Economic Aspects". Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, n. 3 (30 giugno 2021): 1637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.2037.

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Łucka, Irena Agata. "ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY". Economics & Sociology 3, n. 1a (20 luglio 2010): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2010/3-1a/9.

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Tsanev, Tsanko. "Economic aspects for evaluation of logistic systems". Journal scientific and applied research 2, n. 1 (9 settembre 2012): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v2i1.41.

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The economic aspects of evaluation of logistic systems are presented in the paper and factors for differentiated evaluation of the financial state, purchasing power, the population with its number and ethnicity and specific preferences, the mass consumption in the region, the trade in the country and abroad, variety, quality and the corresponding competitive price.

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Hanson, Philip. "Economic aspects of Helsinki". International Affairs 61, n. 4 (1985): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2617707.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Economic aspects"

Stefani, Gianluca. "Economic aspects of information in environmental economics". Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489205.

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Information may resolve uncertainty and uncertainty is pervasive. Thus, seeking, producing and trading of information are common economic activities. This is also true in the economics of the environment and for the different stakeholders therein involved. The central aim of this research is to investigate some theoretical aspects of the value and effects of information in environmental economics. Information is valuable either as a decision aid in contexts where either health and environmental characteristics of goods are uncertain or as the object of direct valuation under different provision rules. In a choice context three questions arise providing grounds for empirical investigations.

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Suutari, T. (Tero). "Economic aspects in education". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201504021231.

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Leading theme in this master’s thesis is adaptation and preparation to ever changing requirements of skills and knowledge in the working life. These changes of requirements in the working life are implied by the changes in the occupational structure in Finland that is presented in the thesis. The data used in thesis to show the changes in the occupational structure in Finland Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data, FLEED, which is gathered by Statistics Finland and it shows changes in occupational structure of Finland between years 1995 and 2007. Education is considered in this thesis so that its object is to prepare children and future generations for working life with suitable skills and knowledge. The variety of other, equally important, objects that education has and possibly contradictions as well as problems that might arise in the course of achieving all the objects is beyond of this study. Changing occupational structure arises a question that how education prepares itself to the unknown changes? To answer the question asked, I will introduce Economics of education and Educational planning and how these two relate to each other, especially how economics of education has affected education and educational planning. Therefore I will first take historical review of the economics of education and introduce two main theories; human capital theory and screening theory. The main difference of these two will be explained and also what kind of difference it would make to education if either one could be proved right. It would also have an effect on how education should be arranged in the society. Educational planning has had, in its course, different approaches to analyze and predict future. I will review those approaches; also these approaches have been influenced by economics of education. In the last part of the thesis I bring up studies in Finland has tried to prepare and project changing work life. Also I discuss about can education bring something new to economics of education
Tämän Pro gradu-tutkielman johtava teema on mukautuminen ja valmistautuminen muuttuviin vaatimuksiin tiedoista ja taidoista työelämässä. Ammattirakenteen muutos Suomessa viittaa siihen että vaatimukset erilaisille tiedoille ja taidoille työelämässä on tapahtumassa. Aineisto ammattirakenteen muutoksesta on Tilastokeskuksen yhdistetty työntekijä-työnantaja-aineisto (Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data FLEED). Ammattirakenteen muutos ajoittuu vuosien 1995 ja 2007 välille. Koulutus mielletään tässä Pro gradu-tutkielmassa sellaiseksi toiminnaksi jonka tavoite on valmistaa lapsia sekä tulevia sukupolvia työelämään oikeanlaisilla taidoilla ja tiedoilla. Yhtälailla tärkeät muut tavoitteet, mitä koulutukselle ja kasvatukselle on annettu, sekä mahdollisesti syntyviä ristiriitoja tavoitteita saavuttamisessa ovat tämän tutkielman ulkopuolella. Muutokset ammattirakenteessa luo kysymyksen, että miten koulutus on valmistautunut tällaisiin tuntemattomiin muutoksiin? Vastatakseni kysymykseen esittelen koulutusekonomian ja koulutussuunnittelun, sekä erityisesti miten koulutusekonomia on vaikuttanut koulutussuunnitteluun. Aluksi käyn läpi koulutusekonomian ja esittelen sen kaksi pääteoriaa: inhimillisen pääoman teorian ja siiviläteorian. Selitän millä tavoin nämä teoriat eroavat toisistaan ja mikäli jompikumpi voidaan todistaa oikeaksi millainen vaikutus sillä olisi koulutukseen. Koulutussuunnittelussa on käytetty monenlaisia analysointivälineitä tulevaisuuden ennakoimiseksi. Esittelen nämä eri tavat ja työkalut, sekä miten koulutussuunnittelu on historiansa aikana muuttunut ja miten taloudellinen ajattelu on muuttanut koulutussuunnittelua. Viimeisessä osassa tuon esille tutkimuksia siitä miten Suomessa pyritään ennakoimaan ja valmistautumaan muutoksiin työelämässä. Käyn myös keskustelua siitä voiko kasvatustiede tuoda jotain uutta koulutusekonomiaan

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Troshchenkov, S. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COMMUTING". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/465740.

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This dissertation studies economic aspects of commuting. It explores, on one hand the mechanism of self-selection into long-distance commuting, return to commuting and, on the other hand, the factors that determine exits from commuting. After investigation of the main bulk of literature about commuting, the research addresses the selectivity of commuters from ex-ante earnings and ability distributions (Chapter 1), monetary return to the commuting distance (Chapter 2) and factors that affects the probability of various exits from commuting spells (Chapter 3) with particular focus on the role of commuting distance and earnings. The analysis uses extensive longitudinal dataset with the precise geocoded information on the individuals’ places of work and residence which is based on the administrative registers of Statistics Sweden. The first research paper, titled “Self-selection into long-distance commuting on earnings and latent characteristics”, focuses on understanding the nature of selectivity, as it is important factor in interpretation the results of empirical research. In our study we consider two potential dimensions of self-selection: the selection based on latent characteristics and the selection based on the measured earnings before starting long distance commuting. Both dimensions are captured using single model allowing identification of testable hypothesis about the simultaneous selection based on the previous earnings and latent characteristics. In order to conduct our analysis, we apply extensive administrative geocoded dataset with precise individual information including the coordinates of the places of residence and work. We demonstrate the negative selection of commuters from the ex-ante earning distribution. In the same time, our results indicate that the individuals with unobserved traits associated with higher earnings are also more likely engage into the long distance commuting. The second research paper, titled “Return to commuting distance in Sweden”, aims to estimate the magnitude of the economic return to commuting and compare the relative returns received by men and women. We apply fixed effect models to deal with individual unobserved heterogeneity that could potentially generate an endogeneity issue. We use a large dataset based on Administrative Registers for Sweden, which gathers detailed information on residential and job location, and indirectly on commuting. Results indicate that individuals receive relatively small compensations for commuting, with higher returns in agglomerations. Moreover, the relative return as a fraction of hourly wage is approximately similar across genders. This last finding provides evidence of similar bargaining powers for both men and women. In our third paper, titles “Hazard from commuting: the role of earnings and distance. The case of Sweden”, we estimate the effect of earnings and commuting distance on the probability of exiting from a duration spell of commuting using a discrete time competing risk model. The data set, used in analysis, is based on the Swedish administrative registers from Statistics Sweden and the Swedish Tax Board and covers the period between 2000 and 2009. The problem of endogeneity of individual earnings and commuting distance in determining the length of work-related commuting spells is addressed using two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI). The estimates reveal that the earnings paid by firms have a positive impact on the probability of migration and a negative impact on the probability of job separation. At the same time, greater distance increases the probabilities of migrating closer to the place of work, re-employment closer to the place of residence and separation to non-employment while decreasing the probabilities of migration further away from the place of work and re-employment further away from the place of residence. The results are revealed to be robust in the samples of married and unmarried individuals.

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Vougas, Dimitrios V. "Aspects of integration in econometrics". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243693.

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Чорток, Юлія Володимирівна, Юлия Владимировна Чорток, Yuliia Volodymyrivna Chortok e T. Chuyko. "Economic aspects of sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22787.

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Loshak, O., e K. Bondarenko. "Economic aspects in environmental education". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8543.

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Aguilar, Bobadilla Silvia E. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HISTORICAL CONTAMINATION". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161826.

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The main scope of the work is to support a wider understanding of the achievements and limitations of economic analysis in historical contamination issues. The work describes how various schools of economics focus their study on environmental problems, specifically on Brownfields redevelopment. It presents the ideas of environmental economics, resource economics, free market environmentalism, institutional economics, political economy and ecological economics. The work includes a case study from the region of Ralsko in North Bohemia.

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Millo, Giovanni. "Some economic aspects of insurance". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3505.

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2008/2009
This dissertation is based on three papers concerning aspects of insurance market development, analyzed in the light of the economic function of insurance and with the methodological tools of Econometrics and based on evidence from Italy. The first deals with the development of the non-life market, the second analyzes the life market and the third a particular facet of, again, non-life: the influence of the legal environment. The abstracts for the three papers follow. In the first, we analyze the consumption of non-life insurance across 103 Italian provinces in 1998-2002 in order to assess its determinants, in the light of the empirical literature. Using sub-regional data we overcome an important limitation of cross-country analyses, i.e. the systemic heterogeneity due to country-specific characteristics. Individual heterogeneity is accounted for through panel data techniques. However, considering spatial units within a single market raises issues of cross-sectional or spatial dependence, either due to common nation-wide and/or regional factors or to spatial proximity. We carefully assess spatial dependence, employing recent diagnostic tests, finding out that the regressors included in our specification successfully account for spatial dependence. Insurance turns out to depend on income, wealth and some demographics, as already established, but also on trust, judicial efficiency and borrowing conditions. This finding helps in explaining the gap between Central-Northern Italy and the South of the country. In the second we analyze the consumption of life insurance across 103 Italian provinces in 1996-2002. Cross-country analyses of insurance development have suffered from the presence of too many idiosyncratic country-level determinants (like legal system, social security, taxation or inflation history). Panel studies in the field suffer from the curse of dimensionality as well. A regional analysis of Italy, a notoriously very diverse country, provides an environment with less unobserved heterogeneity while retaining a fair amount of variance in income, demographics etc.. An- other limitation of cross-country studies of life insurance, the difficulty of observing prices, may be overcome as average policy loadings tend to be uniform across regions. On the converse, a regional study raises issues of cross-sectional dependence, either due to common nationwide factors or to spatial proximity. We control for unobserved heterogeneity through macroregional and time fixed effects. We develop a new spatial random effects model including both spatial lags of the dependent variable and spatial and serial correlation in the errors; we estimate it by maximum likelihood through an algorythm implemented in the R language. Life insurance turns out to depend on economic development, savings and some demographics, as expected, but also on the general level of trust and the density of the distribution network. Life insurance is negatively correlated with education, supporting the view that better education fosters financial risk taking. In the third, we start from the consideration that civil trials take far too long in Italy compared to other countries. Inefficiency of civil law in enforcing property rights is recognized as a limiting factor for economic development at large and for that of financial markets in particular. Of the three main elements of judicial inefficiency: unfair judgment, costly procedures and lengthy procedures, we concentrate on the third analyzing its relevance for the insurance contract. We contend that the duration of civil trials is an important obstacle to non-life insurance, because it reduces the present value of the contingent claim held by the insured in case of litigation. Thus we expect non-life insurance consumption to be lower, all other things being equal, where judicial procedures are slower. We test our hypothesis on two datasets: a provincial panel dataset for the years 1998-2002 and a household survey comprising three waves for the years 1989, 1991 and 1993. We estimate a number of alternative specifications on the aggregate data, and probit and tobit models on household data, finding significant negative effects of judicial inefficiency on insurance consumption in both settings. We conclude that the excessive length of civil trials is a depressing factor for the development of the Italian non-life insurance market.
Questa tesi si basa su tre articoli riguardanti aspetti dello svilupo del mercato assicurativo, analizzato alla luce della funzione economica dell’assicurazione e con gli strumenti metodologici dell’Econometria, sulla base di dati italiani. Il primo si occupa dello sviluppo del mercato non-vita, il secondo analizza il mercato vita e il terzo un particolare aspetto del non-vita: l’influsso dell’ambiente legale. Nel primo articolo analizziamo il consumo di assicurazione non-vita in 103 province italiane nel 1998-2002 allo scopo di stabilirne le determinanti, alla luce della letteratura empirica. Usando dati provinciali superiamo un’importante limite degli studi sui paesi:l’eterogeneità sistemica. Teniamo conto di quella individuale tramite tecniche per dati panel. Comunque, considerare unità spaziali entro un singolomercato dà luogo a problemi di dipendenza sezionale o spaziale, dovuta a fattori comuni o alla prossimità nello spazio. Controlliamo la dipendenza spaziale per mezzo di recenti test diagnostici, scoprendo che i regressori da noi inclusi nella specificazione cntrollano efficacemente la dipendenza spaziale. Ne risulta che l’assicurazione dipende dal reddito, dalla ricchezza e da variabili demografiche, come già noto, ma anche dal livello di fiducia nel prossimo, dall’efficienza del sistema giudiziario e dalle condizioni del mercato del credito. Questi risultati aiutano a spiegare il divario tra il Centro-Nord e il Sud del paese. Nel secondo lavoro analizziamo il consumo di assicurazione vita in 103 province italiane nel 1996-2001. Le analisi sezionali su paesi dello sviluppo assicurativo hanno sofferto della presenza di troppi elementi idiosincratici (il sistema legale, quello di sicurezza sociale, quello fiscale o la storia inflazionistica). Anche le analisi panel soffrono del problema delle variabili incidentali. Un’analisi regionale dell’Italia, paese notoriamente vario, offre un ambiente con meno eterogeneità mantenendo una buona variabilità nelle caratteristiche osservabili. Un’ulteriore limitazione degli studi sui paesi, la difficoltà nel definire e nell’osservare i prezzi, viene superata constatando che gli stessi sono uniformi a livello nazionale. D’altra parte, uno studio regionale pone prob- lemi di dipendenza sezionale dovuta a fattori comuni o alla prossimità nello spazio. Controlliamo per l’eterogeneità non osservabile mediante effetti fissi macroregionali e temporali. Sviluppiamo un nuovo modello a effetti random comprendente sia ritardi spaziali della variabile dipendente che correlazione seriale e spaziale negli errori. Lo stimiamo a massima verosimiglianza tramite un algoritmo implementato nel linguaggio R. L’assicurazione vita risulta dipendere dallo sviluppo economico, dal risparmio e da alcune variabili demografiche, come ci si attendeva, ma anche dal livello generale di fiducia e dalla densità della rete agenziale. L’assicurazione vita è negativamente correlata con il livello di educazione, supportando l’ipotesi che una maggiore educazione aumenti la propensione al rischio finanziario. Nel terzo partiamo dalla constatazione che i processi civili sono troppo lunghi in Italia rispetto agli altri paesi. L’inefficienza della giustizia civile nel far valere i diritti di proprietà è riconosciuta come un fattore limitante per lo sviluppo economico in generale e per quello finanziario in particolare. Dei tre elementi del’inefficienza giuridica: giustizia, costo e tempo dei procedimenti, ci concentriamo sul terzo analizzando la sua rilevanza per il contratto assicurativo. Sosteniamo che la durata dei processi civili è un importante ostacolo per l’assicurazione non-vita, in quanto riduce il valore attuale del diritto condizionato detenuto dall’assicurato nel caso si vada in giudizio. Pertanto ci aspettiamo che a parità di altre condizioni il consumo di assicurazione sia minore dove le procedure giudiziarie sono più lente. Testiamo la nostra ipotesi su due basi dati: una provinciale relativa agli anni 1998-2002 e un’indagine campionaria sulle famiglie comprendente le tre ondate 1989,1991 e 1993. Stimiamo varie specificazioni alternative sui dati aggregati e modelli probit e tobit sui dati micro, trovando un significativo effetto negativo dell’ineficienza giudiziaria sul consumo di assicurazione in entrambi i casi. Ne concludiamo che l’eccessiva lunghezza dei processi civili deprime lo sviluppo del mercato assicurativo non-vita in Italia.
XXII Ciclo
1970

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Santos, Alvaro K. "Economic aspects of airport security measures". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366334.

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Heintz, Emelie. "Health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Utvärdering och hälsoekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76283.

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To ensure that the resources of the health care sector are used effectively, new technologies need to be evaluated before implementation to examine if they generate health outcomes at an acceptable cost. This information can be collected by performing health economic evaluations in which the costs and health outcomes of different technologies are compared. To estimate the effect on health care budgets, there is also a need for information about the prevalence of the specific disease. Health outcomes in health economic evaluations are often measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which are calculated by multiplying the remaining life years after an intervention by a weight representing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during those years. This thesis aims to provide deeper knowledge of the health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye complication that affects patients with diabetes and may in the worst case lead to blindness. The focus is on three empirical and two methodological health economic research questions. The empirical research areas cover prevalence, costs, and HRQoL related to patients with DR. The methodological research questions explore the performance of different methods for estimation of QALY weights. This is of interest since it has been argued that the most common methods for estimating QALY weights may not capture all relevant vision-related aspects of quality of life. The analyses comprehend the validity of different methods for estimating QALY weights among patients with DR and if the results of one of the specific methods for estimating QALY weights, the time trade-off (TTO) exercise, are affected by patients’ subjective life expectancy (SLE). The empirical results demonstrate that DR is seen in approximately 40% and 30% of patients with type I and type II diabetes respectively, indicating that the prevalence of DR has decreased in both of these patient groups. Healthcare costs vary considerably between different severity levels of the disease, being estimated at €26, €257, €216, and €433 per patient per year for background retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and PDR combined with DMO respectively. Blindness due to DR is associated with an increased use of transportation services, caregiving services, and assistive technologies as well as productivity losses. This suggests that preventing the progression of DR may lower healthcare costs. Patients with vision impairment due to DR have lowered HRQoL in various dimensions, but the diagnosis of DR in itself has only a limited effect on HRQoL. The results on the methodological research questions show that different methods for estimating QALY weights seem to give different results. In comparison to EQ-5D, the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) is the most sensitive method for detecting differences in QALY weights due to DR, and if decisions are to be made based on values from the general public, it can be recommended for use in cost-utility analyses of interventions directed at DR. Neither of the direct methods, TTO and the visual analogue scale, seems to be sensitive to differences in visual function, and more research is needed concerning the role of vision in people’s responses to the TTO exercises. In TTO exercises with time frames based on actuarial life expectancy, the patients’ SLE has an effect on their willingness to trade off years for full health. Thus, applying time frames deviating from patients’ SLE may result in biased QALY weights. Such bias may appear stronger within patient populations than within the general public. In conclusion, this thesis offers estimates for prevalence, costs, and QALY weights that can be used in economic evaluations of interventions directed at DR and as benchmarks for future DR research in order to follow up consequences of changes in diabetes care. In addition, it demonstrates that the choice of method for estimating QALY weights may have an impact on whether an intervention is considered cost-effective.

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Libri sul tema "Economic aspects"

Kohen, Avraham. Israeli Arabs: Economic aspects. Givat Haviva: Institute for Arabic Studies, 1985.

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Vladimir, Gligorov, Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche. e Conference Reconstruction and Integration in Southeast Europe: Economic Aspects (1999 : Vienna, Austria), a cura di. Balkan reconstruction: Economic aspects. Vienna: Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, 2000.

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Xavier, Pintado, a cura di. Economic aspects of the European Economic Space. Geneva, Switzerland: European Free Trade Association, Economic Affairs Dept., 1988.

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Jī, Bokare Ema. Hindu economics: Eternal economic order. New Delhi: Janaki Prakashan, 1993.

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Christy, Ralph D. "Economic correctness" and agricultural economics. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1993.

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Welfens, Paul J. J., a cura di. Economic Aspects of German Unification. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97379-6.

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Giersch, Herbert, a cura di. Economic Aspects of International Migration. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78749-2.

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Welfens, Paul J. J., a cura di. Economic Aspects of German Unification. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3.

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Women and Development Unit, a cura di. Economic aspects of gender equity. Santiago, Chile: United Nations, ECLAC, Women and Development Unit, 2002.

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Jong, Philip R. de, 1949-, a cura di. Economic aspects of disability behavior. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1992.

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Drieling, Axel, Jörg Müssig, Nina Graupner, Jörg Müssig, Stephan Piotrowski e Michael Carus. "Economic Aspects". In Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres, 49–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470660324.ch3.

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Chillemi, Claudio, Alessandro Castagna e Marcello Osimani. "Economic Aspects". In Arthroscopic Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair, 133–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76153-4_13.

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Jakobi, G., P. Krings e E. Schmadel. "Economic Aspects". In Surfactants in Consumer Products, 504–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71545-7_10.

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Beissel, Stefan. "Economic Aspects". In Cybersecurity Investments, 79–141. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30460-1_4.

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Boot, Elisa Aimo. "Economic Aspects". In Plasma Technology for Hyperfunctional Surfaces, 333–46. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630455.ch11.

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Burg, Tsjalle. "Economic Aspects". In Joint Implementation to Curb Climate Change, 71–126. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8370-1_3.

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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "Economic Aspects". In Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection, 5–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54469-3_2.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Economic Aspects". In Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry, 87–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4130-3_9.

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Ahrens, Uwe. "Economic Aspects". In Airborne Wind Energy, 181–231. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19954-7_6.

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Beysens, Daniel. "Economic Aspects". In Dew Water, 231–35. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003337898-11.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Economic aspects"

Fidrich, Marta, Tibor Gyimothy, Janos Borbas e Gusztav Stubnya. "Structured telemedicine: Economic aspects". In 2017 IEEE 30th Neumann Colloquium (NC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nc.2017.8263261.

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VÁCLAVÍK, Lukáš. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CYBERSECURITY". In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2022/03.02.

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The ever-increasing trend of the involvement of various computing tools in the reality of organisations of all sizes brings with it the need to evaluate their security, even in the context of the activities of the entity. Virtually all organisations try to eliminate the cyber risks that arise from the use of various ICT tools by using various security tools. The implementation of these techniques entails costs that need to be justified and evaluated from the perspectives of different stakeholder groups. This text will present selected indicators assessing cybersecurity in terms of he resources invested. In addition to these metrics, selected models evaluating security investments with respect to, among other things, the existence of vulnerabilities and threats will also be presented. As this is a complex discipline, the text concludes by recommending a comprehensive approach to addressing security assurance, taking into account the requirements of the organisation, the value of its assets, the level of vulnerability or the requirements of its stakeholders

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Крохичева, Галина, Galina Krohicheva, Екатерина Сиденко e Ekaterina Sidenko. "STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY". In Modern problems of an economic safety, accounting and the right in the Russian Federation. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conferencearticle_5c5060dd15f2f6.41826656.

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The article presents the main strategic aspects of economic security, the Strategy of economic security until 2030. The classification of normative legal acts regulating economic security is carried out. The concept of the term "economic security"is given

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Feofilova, Tatyana, Evgeny Radygin, Julia Alekseeva e Fedor Ivanov. "Economic aspects of national security". In SPBPU IDE '19: International Scientific Conference on Innovations in Digital Economy 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372177.3373346.

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Vorob'ev, V. V., e E. V. Mirzoeva. "Economic aspects of sports clubs". In Scientific dialogue: Economics and Management. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sciencepublic-08-07-2019-10.

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Gontar, Anastasia. "Ensuring economic safety: regional aspects". In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.149.

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Марков, Владимир Петрович. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF WATER TRANSPORT SAFETY". In Национальная безопасность России: актуальные аспекты: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb186.2020.45.74.006.

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В связи с нововведениями обостряются существующие проблемы безопасности водного транспорта. Обращается внимание на тот факт, что существующая система безопасности водного транспорта не учитывает географический, технологический и отраслевой факторы. Реализация концепции транспортной безопасности на водном транспорте взывает немало вопросов, определяющих существование отрасли. In connection with the innovations, the existing problems of the safety of water transport are aggravated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the existing water transport safety system does not take into account geographical, technological and sectoral factors. The implementation of the concept of transport security in water transport raises many questions that determine the existence of the industry.

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Metev, Hristo, Kalin Krumov e Beata Vlahova. "Economic aspects of the modular tools". In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022 (MATHTECH 2022): Navigating the Everchanging Norm with Mathematics and Technology. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184231.

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Goncharova, N., e A. Golodnova. "Economic aspects of secondary aluminum processing". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0167033.

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Sadovnikova, Natalya N., Olga A. Zolotareva, Svetlana G. Babich e Mikhail V. Karmanov. "SCO Economic Security Factors: Methodological Aspects". In Proceedings of the External Challenges and Risks for Russia in the Context of the World Community’s Transition to Polycentrism: Economics, Finance and Business (ICEFB 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefb-19.2019.22.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Economic aspects"

J.A. Schmidt. Socio-economic Aspects of Fusion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835924.

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Heal, Geoffrey. Economic Aspects of the Energy Transition. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, settembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27766.

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Feldstein, Martin. Aspects of Global Economic Intergration: Outlook for the Future. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, settembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7899.

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Vaughan, William J., e Sergio Ardila. Economic Analysis of the Environmental Aspects of Investment Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011617.

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This working paper develops upon the idea that economic analysis has a definite role to play in informing decision makers about the desirability of going ahead with an investment project designed to improve environmental quality and also that the role of precision in this matter is not trivial. The authors focus mainly on the costs and benefits of projects directly aimed at natural resource or environmental quality improvement, and the costs implied by the mandatory environmental assessment of investment projects whose primary purpose is not environmental. Also included is a review of IDB environmental procedures and the IDB's experience with mitigating measures and costs.

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Shestakova, N. N. ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS THE SILVER ECONOMY IN ST. PETERSBURG: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS. Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Science, gennaio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/tms-2024-22-01.

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One of the global challenges of the last decades is demographic, which is the aging of the population. The latter is reflected in an increase in the proportion of the population of older age groups in the total population.

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Evans, David, e Richard Schmalensee. Some Economic Aspects of Antitrust Analysis in Dynamically Competitive Industries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maggio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8268.

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van Horne, P. L. M. Economics of broiler production systems in the Netherlands : Economic aspects within the Greenwell sustainability assessment model. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/518522.

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Perobelli, Fernando S., e Edson P. Domínguez. Regional Aspects of Brazil's Trade Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008664.

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This paper aims to evaluate a number of spatial aspects of Brazils current trade policy, emphasizing those relating to economic integration in general, and bilateral trade with Argentina in particular. A national computable general equilibrium model was developed and implemented (EFES-ARG), in order to evaluate the sectoral impact of different trade integration strategies with specific economic countries/blocs. Moreover, EFES-ARG was integrated with an interstate trade model such that the national results obtained were regionalized. The analysis of the short-run regional aspects of Brazilian trade policy reveals a trend towards concentration of the level of economic activity in the states of the Brazilian south and southeast. The results draw attention to a phenomenon that has permeated the debate on the regional issue, namely the role of trade as an engine of growth.

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MOSKALENKO, O., S. TERESHCHENKO e E. KASPAROV. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNET DEPENDENCE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-3-85-94.

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A review of the literature on the actual problem of modern society - Internet addiction (ID) is presented. ID has negative social, health and economic consequences. The number of Internet addicts is increasing every year. Patients with IS have characteristic symptoms: increased tolerance syndrome (increased time and intensity of Internet activity); syndrome of loss of quantitative and situational control; withdrawal symptoms, with the impossibility of Internet activity and affective disorders develop.

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Campling, Liam. Fisheries Aspects of ACP-EU Interim Economic Partnership Agreements: Trade and Sustainable Development Implications. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20081013.

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