Articoli di riviste: "Ecologiclal task"

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Zinchenko, O. O. "Neurocognitive mechanisms of decision making in Iowa Gambling Task." Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 4 (2016): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050405.

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The article is devoted to the problem of understanding the decision making under uncertainty. The promising way of investigating the mechanisms of decision making is to use ecologically valid empirical models of decision-making situations. Iowa Gambling Task has been developed to allow research in ecological approach. One of the most prominent questions is to determine neural basis involved in holistic decision making. The article provides an overview of foreign publications and studies on the issue of decision making under uncertainty in case of Iowa Gambling Task.

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Kenworthy, Lauren, Andrew Freeman, Allison Ratto, et al. "Preliminary Psychometrics for the Executive Function Challenge Task: A Novel, “Hot” Flexibility, and Planning Task for Youth." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 7 (2020): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561772000017x.

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AbstractObjective:Executive functions (EF) drive health and educational outcomes and therefore are increasingly common treatment targets. Most treatment trials rely on questionnaires to capture meaningful change because ecologically valid, pediatric performance-based EF tasks are lacking. The Executive Function Challenge Task (EFCT) is a standardized, treatment-sensitive, objective measure which assesses flexibility and planning in the context of provocative social interactions, making it a “hot” EF task.Method:We investigate the structure, reliability, and validity of the EFCT in youth with autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder; n = 129), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with flexibility problems (n = 93), and typically developing (TD; n = 52) youth.Results:The EFCT can be coded reliably, has a two-factor structure (flexibility and planning), and adequate internal consistency and consistency across forms. Unlike a traditional performance-based EF task (verbal fluency), it shows significant correlations with parent-reported EF, indicating ecological validity. EFCT performance distinguishes youth with known EF problems from TD youth and is not significantly related to visual pattern recognition, or social communication/understanding in autistic children.Conclusions:The EFCT demonstrates adequate reliability and validity and may provide developmentally appropriate, treatment-sensitive, and ecologically valid assessment of “hot” EF in youth. It can be administered in controlled settings by masked administrators.

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Monteiro, Margareth. "Ecological Task Analysis and Movement." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2008): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.25.4.352.

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Odrekhivsky, Mykola, Ulana Kohut, and D. Zhyla. "Strategic approach to management oh the development of ecological and innovative activities of enterprises." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 202, no. 1 (2023): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2023.01.077.

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The unsatisfactory environmental situation in Ukraine and the world requires the search for new approaches to the management of enterprises aimed at minimizing the negative impact of industrial and economic activities on the environment. Under such conditions, an important task is the formation of appropriate strategies for managing the ecological and innovative activities of enterprises in order to ensure rational decisions regarding the environmental, social and economic sustainability and safety of both individual economic entities and the country as a whole. Ecologically oriented innovation strategies today combine the ideas of ecological innovations, which are the main factor in ensuring ecologically oriented innovative development of companies and, accordingly, sustainable development. Thus, improvement of strategic management of ecological and innovative activities of enterprises is relevant and necessary. An important task is also the use of elements of artificial intelligence in the implementation of the ecological and innovative activity of the enterprise as an open system in order to optimize the management of this activity, the formation of criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the system's functioning. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of eco-oriented management of innovative activity and develop proposals for improving the strategic management of eco-innovative activity of enterprises. In order to develop recommendations for improving the strategic management of ecologically innovative activity of enterprises, in accordance with the tasks that were set, the research examines the essence, purpose, main tasks, advantages and principles of eco-oriented management of innovative activities. Indicators characterizing the effectiveness of ecological innovation activity in Ukraine and the world, the degree of ecological innovation activity were analyzed. Approaches to the formation of ecologically oriented innovative strategies are considered. An organizational mechanism for the development of ecologically-oriented innovative strategies and an organizational structure of an intelligent management system for ecologically-oriented innovative enterprises have been developed. The design of an intelligent management system (IMS) of ecologically oriented enterprises (EOE) as a complex system is aimed at ensuring the greening of production and technological processes of economic entities, the greening of industries, regions, and the country in general. It is expedient to focus further research on improving the environmental friendliness of all business processes, actions and operations of EOE with the use of elements of artificial intelligence regarding the adoption of relevant management decisions.

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Hutchins, Edwin. "Ecological Cognition and Cognitive Ecology." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (2000): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402218.

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The Ecological Cognition perspective emphasizes the fact that human cognition is adaptive to the constraints of the context of task performance. People are good at developing strategies for task performance that take advantage of the informational affordances of the task environment. Therefore, if we wish to understand human cognition, we must look beyond the skin and skull of the individual to the material and social structures with which the mind interacts. Of course, material artifacts and social arrangements are elements of adaptive processes as well. Material artifacts are often crystallizations of regularities in the task environment and they develop over time, changing adaptively to fit the constraints of the task, the properties of the task performers, and the other artifacts employed in the task performance. Such changes in the material artifacts change the informational affordances of the task environment, which creates new opportunities for the development of strategies. Thus, human cognition and the material supports of human cognition must be seen as a co-adaptive system. Similarly, in complex work settings where two or more persons jointly perform tasks, social arrangements are enacted anew each time a socially distributed task is performed. Strategies for the social division of cognitive labor are also part of this co-adaptive system, both constraining and being constrained by mental and material artifacts. These interlocked co-adaptive systems suggest a cognitive ecology. It's a compelling way of talking about such systems. Can it be more than a metaphor?

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Zakay, Dan. "Can the “Musical Stroop” Task Replace the Classical Stroop Task?" Experimental Psychology 61, no. 1 (2014): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000211.

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The musical Stroop task is analyzed and compared to the classical Stroop task. The analysis indicates that the two tasks differ in the following significant characteristics: ecological validity, the interrelations between the two perceptual dimensions involved, the nature of the automatic process and the existence of a potential Garner interference. It is concluded that the musical task has no advantage over the classical task.

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Tessier, Jack T. "Ecological Problem-Based Learning: An Environmental Consulting Task." American Biology Teacher 66, no. 7 (2004): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4451724.

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Neri, Francesco, Stefano F. Cappa, Lucia Mencarelli, Davide Momi, Emiliano Santarnecchi, and Simone Rossi. "Brain Functional Correlates of Episodic Memory Using an Ecological Free Recall Task." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070911.

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Episodic Memory (EM) allows us to revive a past event through mental time-travel. The neural correlates of memories recollection have been identified in hippocampal regions and multiple neocortical areas, but few neuroimaging studies have used an ecological task such as a free recall of a structured story. Using an ecological fMRI-free recall (FR) task, we aimed to investigate the relevant recruitment of the brain networks associated with the story recollection process and its performance. Fourteen healthy participants listened to a brief story and were tested for Immediate-Recall (IR), a task that is widely used in a neuropsychological evaluation. Then, the subjects underwent an fMRI session, where they had to perform a free recall (FR) of the story subvocally. Finally, the participants were tested for Delayed-Recall (DR). IR and DR scores were significantly (r = 0.942; p < 0.001) correlated. FR enhanced the activity of the Language, the Left Executive Control, the Default Mode and the Precuneus brain networks, with the strongest BOLD signal localized in the left Angular Gyrus (AG) (p < 0.05; FWE-corrected). Furthermore, the story recall performance covaried with specific network activation patterns and the recruitment of the left anterior/posterior AG correlated, respectively, with higher/lower performance scores (p > 0.05). FR seems to be a promising task to investigate ecologically the neural correlates of EM. Moreover, the recruitment of the anterior AG might be a marker for an optimal functioning of the recall process. Preliminary outcomes lay the foundation for the investigation of the brain networks in the healthy and pathological elderly population during FR.

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Supaporn, Salee, Patt Dodds, and Linda Griffin. "An Ecological Analysis of Middle School Misbehavior through Student and Teacher Perspectives." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 22, no. 3 (2003): 328–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.3.328.

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This study was designed to investigate how the classroom ecology (interactions among task systems) and program of action influence participants’ understandings of misbehavior in a middle school physical education setting. One teacher and 14 students participated in a 10-day basketball unit with 47- minute classes. Data included fieldnotes, stimulated recall using videotapes, and semi-structured teacher and student pre- and post-unit interviews. Data were first analyzed inductively by constant comparison (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) and then by using Doyle’s (1986) classroom ecology model to understand the inductively generated categories. Data trustworthiness involved prolonged engagement, member checks, and triangulation. Results indicated that the teacher’s weak managerial task system, coupled with vague and incomplete instructional tasks, interacted with a student social system grounded in various forms of talk as social tasks to support a social program of action. Both teacher and student actions jointly created a primary social vector characterizing the overall program of action.

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Hülsdünker, Thorben, Martin Ostermann, and Andreas Mierau. "Motion-Onset Visual Potentials Evoked in a Sport-Specific Visuomotor Reaction Task." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 42, no. 4 (2020): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0255.

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Although neural visual processes play a crucial role in sport, experiments have been restricted to laboratory conditions lacking ecological validity. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility of measuring visual evoked potentials in a sport-specific visuomotor task. A total of 18 international elite young table tennis athletes (mean age 12.5 years) performed a computer-based and a sport-specific visuomotor reaction task in response to radial motion-onset stimuli on a computer screen and table tennis balls played by a ball machine, respectively. A 64-channel electroencephalography system identified the N2 and N2-r motion-onset visual evoked potentials in the motion-sensitive midtemporal visual area. Visual evoked potential amplitudes were highly correlated between conditions (N2 r = .72, N2-r r = .74) although significantly lower in the sport-specific task than in the lab-based task (N2 p < .001, N2-r p < .001). The results suggest that sport-specific visual stimulation is feasible to evoke visual potentials. This emphasizes the investigation of visual processes under more ecologically valid conditions in sport and exercise science.

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Kirlik, Alex. "Conducting Generalizable Research in the Age of the Field Study." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (2000): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402217.

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Over the past 10 years or so, cognitive engineering researchers, especially those working within an ecological orientation, have become increasingly skeptical of any abstractions of task environments made for research purposes. Misidentifying ecological research with field research, I suggest, misses the cental insight underlying ecological theory and method: the need for scientific descriptions and theories of the behavioral, cognitive and social environment on a par with those of internal psychological processes. We realize that for theory of internal cognition to be generalizable, it must be abstract, and we must recognize that the same holds for the need to abstractly model the environment. While ecologically-oriented research should originate in the field, it cannot end there as well, if it hopes to make good on its promise of providing more generalizable accounts of human-machine interaction than the laboratory-bound human factors methods of the 1970s-80s.

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Davis, Walter E., and Allen W. Burton. "Ecological Task Analysis: Translating Movement Behavior Theory into Practice." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 8, no. 2 (1991): 154–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.8.2.154.

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A new approach to task analysis is presented based upon an ecological theory of perception and current motor development and control theories. The ecological task analysis (ETA) approach stands in sharp contrast to more traditional approaches and offers procedures equally applicable to instruction and assessment of movement performance as well as to applied research. The strengths of the ETA approach lie in (a) its grounding in current motor development and control theories, (b) its linking of the task requirements, environmental conditions, and performer characteristics, (c) its application of a functional and dynamic approach to instruction and assessment, and (d) its integration of instruction and assessment procedures. Following a discussion of the traditional approach and ecological theory, four concepts are presented that emanate from Gibson’s theory of affordances. From these concepts ETA procedures are derived. Applied research questions relating to task analysis are also implied from the ecological approach and are presented in the final section.

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Kim, Jeong-Gyu, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Task and Curriculum Contents of Applied Ecological Engineering Education." Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 2, no. 1 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17820/eri.2015.2.1.001.

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Bottari, C., P. L. Wai Shun, G. Le Dorze, N. Gosselin, and D. Dawson. "Self-Generated Strategic Behavior in an Ecological Shopping Task." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 1 (2013): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.008987.

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Doumas, Michail, and Ralf Th Krampe. "Ecological Relevance Determines Task Priority in Older Adults’ Multitasking." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70, no. 3 (2013): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt105.

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Morineau, Thierry, Emmanuel Frénod, Caroline Blanche, and Laurence Tobin. "Turing machine as an ecological model for task analysis." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 10, no. 6 (2009): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14639220802368849.

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De Lucia, Natascia, Dario Grossi, Graziella Milan, and Luigi Trojano. "The Closing-In Phenomenon in an Ecological Walking Task." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 5 (2017): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717001229.

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AbstractObjectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients may show the Closing-in (CI), a tendency to reproduce figures close to or superimposed on the model. AD patients with CI might manifest reduced functional independence compared to AD patients without CI, but no study directly assessed if CI can hamper common daily living activities. To address this issue here we investigated whether AD patients with CI veer their walking trajectory toward irrelevant objects more often than AD patients without CI. Methods: Fifty AD individuals, and 20 age- and education-matched healthy adults, underwent a graphic copying task to detect CI and a newly developed walking task to assess the tendency to veer toward irrelevant objects and to bump into them. All participants also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess dementia severity; impairments in frontal/executive, visuo-spatial, visuo-constructional, and memory domains; and functional independence in daily living activities. Results: Graphic CI occurred in 34/50 (68%) AD patients (AD-CI group) who achieved significantly lower scores on frontal/executive abilities, and daily living functioning than AD individuals not showing CI. Most AD-CI patients (20/34; 58.8%) also showed at least one veering error in the walking task. Participants with CI and veering errors showed significantly poorer performance on Stroop test, and lower level of functional independence than AD individuals with CI in isolation. Conclusions: CI on graphic tasks can identify difficulties in walking and in complying with everyday activities in AD patients. These observations demonstrate the value of assessing CI in copying tasks. (JINS, 2018, 24, 437–444)

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Balan, Christine M., and Walter E. Davis. "Ecological Task Analysis—An Approach to Teaching Physical Education." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 64, no. 9 (1993): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1993.10607352.

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Rahimov, E. A. "ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TRANSPORT." Theoretical & Applied Science 75, no. 07 (2019): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2019.07.75.46.

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Toohey, David E. "Assemblages of Land Loss and Immigration in Film and Literature about the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands." Review of Human Rights 3, no. 1 (2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35994/rhr.v3i1.80.

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Literature and film that are relevant to a concept of land and immigration that promotes ecologically sustainable and anti-racist visions are analyzed here to create an assemblage, based on Deleuze and Guattari’s theories. This is done to accomplish three tasks. The first is to disrupt misconceptions of a dichotomy between ecological activism and immigrant rights activism. The second task is to address the connections between ecologies and immigration and diaspora communities while taking into account issues of control over land that have often been important to people who immigrate from Central America and Mexico to the United States. As a third task, the idea of assemblage is modified to integrate Marx’s theory of primitive accumulation and Laclau and Mouffe’s idea of discourses of positive and negative activation in discourse to explore Deleuze and Guattari’s theory through a more specific application to situations of political economy that have been so intertwined with immigration, land, and ecology in Central America, Mexico, and the U.S. Southwest. Accordingly, the aim is to illuminate ecological points of view that are from immigrant and diaspora communities, rather than hostile to or imposed upon them.

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Laizāne, I. "Ecological Education of Society." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.2001.

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Education has invaluable role in the promotion of sustainable development. Its important task is to promote the formation of understanding the environmental and development issues of every person. It is a necessity to achieve the change of orientation of personal values and to develop their abilities to solve the issues concerning sustainable development. One of the subjects that can help to perform the task is ecology. Ecology is a subject that could promote the understanding between human being and environment and to create the positive attitude towards the nature. Tendencies of ecological education in Latvia are recovered in the report. For recovering the tendencies research was done which involved summarizing the results about pupils real knowledge, skills in the sphere of ecology and motivation to study ecology.

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Murzabekova, Zhypar Taavaldievna. "ECOLOGICAL SAFETY AS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE STATE." Theoretical & Applied Science 61, no. 05 (2018): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2018.05.61.39.

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Aellen, Mélisande, Ulrike E. Siebeck, and Redouan Bshary. "Cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus perform above chance in a “matching-to-sample” experiment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262351.

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Concept learning have been studied widely in non-human animal species within or not an ecological context. Here we tested whether cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus, which show generalised rule learning in an ecologically relevant context; they generalise that any predator may provide protection from being chased by other fish; can also learn a general concept when presented with abstract cues. We tested for this ability in the matching-to-sample task. In this task, a sample is shown first, and then the subject needs to choose the matching sample over a simultaneously presented different one in order to obtain a food reward. We used the most general form of the task, using each stimulus only once in a total of 200 trials. As a group, the six subjects performed above chance, and four individuals eventually reached learning criteria. However, individual performance was rather unstable, yielding overall only 57% correct choices. These results add to the growing literature that ectotherms show the ability of abstract concept learning, though the lack of stable high performance may indicate quantitative performance differences to endotherms.

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Naumenko, Oleg. "COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS." Theoretical & Applied Science 83, no. 03 (2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.03.83.2.

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Azizova, Mavluda A., and Zuhra N. Abdullaeva. "ECOLOGICAL THREATS: THEN AND NOW." Theoretical & Applied Science 61, no. 05 (2018): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2018.05.61.74.

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Khondkhodjayeva, Nondira Bakhtiyarovna. "AN ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PHEROMONES." Theoretical & Applied Science 77, no. 09 (2019): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2019.09.77.17.

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Onopriienko, Volodymyr, Iryna Onopriienko, Ihor Kovalenko, Natalya Kovalenko, and Jeļena Volkova. "FOOD SECURITY – WAYS OF INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC PRIORITIES AND THE ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 21, 2019): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol6.3724.

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The socio-economic problems of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and importance of the demographic factor in ensuring food security are determined. The factors of degradation of the environment in the agrosphere are indicated. The economic mechanism of nature use must be embedded in the economic system, and not be a distinct set of measures and tools aimed at addressing certain environmental problems. The main task of planning measures to ensure environmental safety is development of integrated target ecological programmes (national, regional, and internal management levels), which include measures for sustainable and safe nature management, oriented towards ecologically safe food products. The aim of the paper is to reveal the role of food security in integrating economic priorities and the ecological imperative. The following methods were used in the research: monographic, problem analysis, scientific induction and deduction methods, and adoption of a decision under conditions of uncertainty.

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Grahe, Jon E., and Ryne A. Sherman. "An Ecological Examination of Rapport Using a Dyadic Puzzle Task." Journal of Social Psychology 147, no. 5 (2007): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/socp.147.5.453-476.

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Giovanni, Renato De, Luís Carlos Bernacci, Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira, and Flávia Souza Rocha. "The Real Task of Selecting Records for Ecological Niche Modelling." Natureza & Conservação 10, no. 2 (2012): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2012.018.

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Briend, F., V. Marzloff, P. Brazo, et al. "Social cognition in schizophrenia: Validation of an ecological fMRI task." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 286 (April 2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.03.004.

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Haas, Timothy. "Developing political-ecological theory: The need for many-task computing." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0226861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226861.

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Models of political-ecological systems can inform policies for managing ecosystems that contain endangered species. To increase the credibility of these models, massive computation is needed to statistically estimate the model’s parameters, compute confidence intervals for these parameters, determine the model’s prediction error rate, and assess its sensitivity to parameter misspecification. To meet this statistical and computational challenge, this article delivers statistical algorithms and a method for constructing ecosystem management plans that are coded as distributed computing applications. These applications can run on cluster computers, the cloud, or a collection of in-house workstations. This downloadable code is used to address the challenge of conserving the East African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). This demonstration means that the new standard of credibility that any political-ecological model needs to meet is the one given herein.

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Burton, Allen W., and Walter E. Davis. "Ecological task analysis utilizing intrinsic measures in research and practice." Human Movement Science 15, no. 2 (1996): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(95)00047-x.

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Asbjornsen, H., L. A. Brudvig, C. M. Mabry, C. W. Evans, and H. M. Karnitz. "Defining Reference Information for Restoring Ecologically Rare Tallgrass Oak Savannas in the Midwestern United States." Journal of Forestry 103, no. 7 (2005): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/103.7.345.

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Abstract Reference information is commonly used in ecological restorations to guide management decisions and assess progress toward achieving goals. However, for extremely rare or degraded ecosystems, obtaining reliable reference information may be a daunting task. This article explores the limitations and potentials for identifying reference information for ecologically rare tallgrass oak savanna ecosystems, using a case study from central Iowa. Preliminary results suggest that restoration goals related to certain ecosystem parameters, such as vegetation structure, may be achieved relatively quickly, whereas other parameters, such as species composition, require longer timescales. The importance of developing additional reference information through experimental and adaptive management approaches is emphasized.

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Pytel, Krzysztof, Małgorzata Piaskowska, and Piotr Migo. "TEACHING BIOSCIENCE IN PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 26, 2016): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1368.

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In the article, the aims of teaching bioscience in primary and middle school have been introduced. Core curriculum has been mentioned as well, and the tools that may be used by a teacher to convey theory and practical knowledge in the most efficient way have been discussed. Furthermore, it has been noticed that various ecological ventures have a positive impact on children's ecological awareness. In the second part of the article, results of surveys conducted among primary and middle school students have been introduced. It embraces also questions and answers, in which children describe their knowledge level about the condition of environment and talk about their attitude towards taking care of nature, and what are the stimuli of such demeanours. In addition, the task of surveys was to find out which issues teachers pay particular attention to. The last two questions were to check the knowledge.

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Cardoso, Caroline de Oliveira, Nicolle Zimmermann, Camila Borges Paraná, Gigiane Gindri, Ana Paula Almeida de Pereira, and Rochele Paz Fonseca. "Brazilian adaptation of the Hotel Task: a tool for the ecological assessment of executive functions." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 9, no. 2 (2015): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn92000010.

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Over recent years, neuropsychological research has been increasingly concerned with the need to develop more ecologically valid instruments for the assessment of executive functions. The Hotel Task is one of the most widely used ecological measures of executive functioning, and provides an assessment of planning, organization, self-monitoring and cognitive flexibility. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to adapt the Hotel Task for use in the Brazilian population. METHODS: The sample comprised 27 participants (three translators, six expert judges, seven healthy adults, ten patients with traumatic brain injuries and one hotel manager). The adaptation process consisted of five steps, which were repeated until a satisfactory version of the task was produced. The steps were as follows: (1) Translation; (2) Development of new stimuli and brainstorming among the authors; (3) Analysis by expert judges; (4) Pilot studies; (5) Assessment by an expert in business administration and hotel management. RESULTS: The adapted version proved adequate and valid for the assessment of executive functions. However, further research must be conducted to obtain evidence of the reliability, as well as the construct and criterion validity, sensitivity and specificity, of the Hotel Task. CONCLUSION: Many neurological and/or psychiatric populations may benefit from the adapted task, since it may make significant contributions to the assessment of dysexecutive syndromes and their impact on patient functioning.

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Li, Chenhao, Tamar V. Av-Shalom, Jun Wei Gerald Tan, Junmei Samantha Kwah, Kern Rei Chng, and Niranjan Nagarajan. "BEEM-Static: Accurate inference of ecological interactions from cross-sectional microbiome data." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 9 (2021): e1009343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009343.

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The structure and function of diverse microbial communities is underpinned by ecological interactions that remain uncharacterized. With rapid adoption of next-generation sequencing for studying microbiomes, data-driven inference of microbial interactions based on abundance correlations is widely used, but with the drawback that ecological interpretations may not be possible. Leveraging cross-sectional microbiome datasets for unravelling ecological structure in a scalable manner thus remains an open problem. We present an expectation-maximization algorithm (BEEM-Static) that can be applied to cross-sectional datasets to infer interaction networks based on an ecological model (generalized Lotka-Volterra). The method exhibits robustness to violations in model assumptions by using statistical filters to identify and remove corresponding samples. Benchmarking against 10 state-of-the-art correlation based methods showed that BEEM-Static can infer presence and directionality of ecological interactions even with relative abundance data (AUC-ROC>0.85), a task that other methods struggle with (AUC-ROC<0.63). In addition, BEEM-Static can tolerate a high fraction of samples (up to 40%) being not at steady state or coming from an alternate model. Applying BEEM-Static to a large public dataset of human gut microbiomes (n = 4,617) identified multiple stable equilibria that better reflect ecological enterotypes with distinct carrying capacities and interactions for key species. Conclusion BEEM-Static provides new opportunities for mining ecologically interpretable interactions and systems insights from the growing corpus of microbiome data.

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Villalba, Juan J., Karen A. Beauchemin, Pablo Gregorini, and Jennifer W. MacAdam. "Pasture chemoscapes and their ecological services." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 2 (2019): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz003.

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Abstract Ruminant livestock-production systems are between a rock and a hard place; they are experiencing increasing societal pressure to reduce environmental impacts in a world that demands increased food supply. Recent improvements in the understanding of the nutritional ecology of livestock by scientists may help livestock producers respond to these seemingly contradictory demands. Forages are nutrition and pharmacy centers with primary (nutrients) and plant secondary compounds (PSC; pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals), which can provide multiple services for the proper functioning of agroecosystems. Legumes with lower contents of fiber and higher contents of nonstructural carbohydrates, coupled with different types and concentrations of PSC (e.g., condensed tannins, terpenes), create a diverse array of chemicals in the landscape (i.e., the “chemoscape”) with the potential to enhance livestock nutrition, health and welfare relative to foodscapes dominated by grasses and other conventional feeds. These PSC-containing plants may reduce methane emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion from animals while increasing animal growth rate compared with swards dominated by grasses, and provide meat quality that appeals to consumers. Condensed tannins from sainfoin and saponins from alfalfa and manure of cattle consuming these forages also reduce N mobilization in soils, reduce nutrient leaching, and increase plant-available N stores for future use. The challenge for future pastoral production systems is to design multifunctional spatiotemporal arrangements of forages with “ideal” chemical diversity for specific ecoregions, aiming to achieve sustainability while increasing production goals and improving ecosystem services. Thus, the objective of this review is to stimulate the quest for chemically and taxonomically diverse pastoral feeding systems that optimize overall productivity; reduce environmental impacts; and enhance livestock, soil, and human health.

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Aksoy, Nüzhet Berrin. "Insights into a new paradigm in translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, no. 1 (2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00136.aks.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the reflection and recreation of the physical landscape in literary texts and in their translations; to explore in what ways nature is represented and, secondly, to discuss aspects of this process in the light of the translational norms proposed by Toury. The focus is the idea that language and culture, the core of literature, are to be transferred to other linguistic and cultural mediums during translation, and constitute the ecological environment of the text. This undertaking assigns to the translator the task of selecting, adapting and recreating this material in the foreign environment. An ecocritical approach will be adopted to explore how and how far this task is materialized by studying a Turkish author Yaşar Kemal’s novel Ortadirek translated as The Wind from the Plain. Yaşar Kemal is regarded as the most ecologically-minded author of Turkish literature and his novels portray nature as the mental landscapes of man, a force under which the constituents of the text are recreated at every linguistic and culture-bound effort of the author. Hence, the main endeavour of this study will be to bring to the surface, with an eco-critical approach, the translational preferences of the translator of Ortadirek and their significance in the recreation of Kemal’s ecological vision in the translation.

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Wang, Yang, Yu Min Shi, and Jun Zhao. "Environment Study on Liaohe River Basin Ecological Footprint and Ecological Restoration Measures." Advanced Materials Research 830 (October 2013): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.830.372.

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Liaohe River is one of seven big river in China, its environmental pollution control is an important task all the time. In this paper, Liaohe River basin ecological footprint was introduced, water quality and ecological restoration measures were analyzed in the period of the 9th Five-Year, the 10th Five-Year and the 11th Five-Year, the development on ecological restoration in the 12th Five-Year was put forward.

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Spicer, Kevin Andrew, and Beth McDermott. "Poeticizing Ecology/Ecologizing Poetry: Reading Elizabeth Bishop’s “Poem” Ecologically." Articles 33, no. 1 (2018): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050863ar.

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In “Poeticizing Ecology/Ecologizing Poetry: Reading Elizabeth Bishop’s ‘Poem’ Ecologically,” we argue that ecological poetry is a kind of ecopoetry that undergirds “nature poetry” and environmental/activist poetry. Ecological poetry is also best put into conversation with deconstruction. This argument, informed by Timothy Morton’s claim that “deconstruction and ecology should talk to one another,” entails challenging previous arguments about what counts as ecopoetry but also the status of the lyric in general. We synthesize James Longenbach’s position in The Resistance of Poetry with Nick Selby’s argument in “Ecopoetries in America” to examine the relationship between close reading and reading ecologically. Rather than an ethical stance perceived in the content of the poem, to read ecologically requires attention to form and linguistic indeterminacy, not only because deconstruction and ecology are alike, but also because poetry is comprised of language, the usage of which “revels in duplicity and disjunction.” Deconstruction is the best approach to divergent perspectives on nature, or the way a poem offers, in Nick Selby’s view, not a clear purchase or single overarching view, but “a struggle to get nature right.” We contend that to give space to alterity, to allow the otherness not only of nature but also of language itself in its capacity for referentiality is to expand the “marked” space of ecology (in the terms set forth by G. Spencer Brown’s Laws of Form). We support this claim with a reading of Bishop’s “Poem,” which we acknowledge as an atypical choice for what constitutes ecological poetry. A borderline ekphrastic poem, “Poem” allows us to talk not only about the space inherent in nature and language but between text and image, or poem and painting. What we find in our reading of Bishop’s “Poem” is a contingency between the poem and the painting, rather than a classical attempt of one to overpower the other, to speak for the other as the more authoritative sign. We find the uncanny or strange quality of Bishop’s ekphrastic approach to an amateurish painting that she calls “sketch” a way to further substantiate Morton’s claim about the relevance of deconstruction to ecology. Through our reading of the poem we argue that no entity completely coincides with itself because ecological thinking has helped us to see how every entity is shot-through with traces of the other; we ourselves are made up of other lifeforms; life is made up of nonlife. To think ecologically is to think the other within the self (especially including all the nonhuman others), within any entity whatsoever.

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Herrero-Jáuregui, Cristina, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, María Reyes, et al. "What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social-Ecological Systems? A Literature Review." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (2018): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082950.

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In the last decade, probably in response to global changes and the environmental crisis, the use of the term “social-ecological system” (SES) in scientific literature has grown. This is certainly a sign that the need and importance of transdisciplinary research has been recognized. Here, we explore whether the use of the term is a buzzword or, rather, actually represents a key concept in the integration of social and ecological research. We compiled a database of publications (N = 1289) that mentioned SES in the title, keywords and abstract. Subsequently, we analyzed the authors’ affiliations, type of work (conceptual, empirical or review), study site, prevailing human use, temporal and spatial scales of the analysis, kind of variables analyzed (socioeconomic or biophysical), and the method/s used to integrate them. We detected four time spans in the use of the term (1975–1997, 1998–2006, 2007–2012, 2013–2016). Our results suggest that SES is a widely invoked concept in the study of the interface between social and ecological systems. Most works show some common elements, such as the analysis of resilience, ecosystem services, sustainability, governance and adaptive management. However, the majority of studies do not study SES as a whole, integrating both social and ecological variables and their feedback loops. We consider SES as a concept still in construction in order to build a necessary framework for the integration of social and ecological sciences. For a robust evolution, we recommend that one focus on: (i) A conscious, discussed and agreed effort of scientists to conduct the transdisciplinary research needed to study SES; and (ii) the development of methodological tools for the true integration of social and ecological data.

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TERRIER, PATRICE, and JEAN-MARIE CELLIER. "Depth of processing and design-assessment of ecological interfaces: Task analysis." International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 50, no. 4 (1999): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1998.0242.

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Abbasov, S. B., and A. K. Samyaev. "MODERN ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF ZARAFSHAN RIVER DELTA." Theoretical & Applied Science 81, no. 01 (2020): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.01.81.108.

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Saparov, B. B., R. A. Ikramov, and A. B. Saparov. "AVESTA: THE ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF OUR ANCESTORS." Theoretical & Applied Science 102, no. 10 (2021): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2021.10.102.114.

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Kuldashov, Asliddin Tursunovich. "BASES AND FACTORS OF THE ECOLOGICAL POLICY." Theoretical & Applied Science 41, no. 09 (2016): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2016.09.41.9.

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Ford, E. David. "A Primer of Ecological Statistics." American Statistician 59, no. 4 (2005): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/tas.2005.s32.

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Chevignard, Mathilde P., Cathy Catroppa, Jane Galvin, and Vicki Anderson. "Development and Evaluation of an Ecological Task to Assess Executive Functioning Post Childhood TBI: The Children's Cooking Task." Brain Impairment 11, no. 2 (2010): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.11.2.125.

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AbstractPurpose:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to executive functions deficits, which may be responsible for severe and longstanding disabilities in everyday activities. Sensitivity and ecological validity of neuropsychological tests of executive functions have been questioned. The aims of this study were to pilot an ecological open-ended assessment of executive functions in children, the ‘Children's Cooking Task’ (CCT), specifically to report its reliability, discriminant validity and concurrent validity.Methods:Twenty-five children with mild (n= 10) or moderate-to-severe TBI (n= 15), and 21 matched controls (aged 8 to 20 years) participated in the study. An open-ended cooking task was designed to test multi-tasking abilities. It required the preparation of two simple recipes using specific instructions. Outcome measures included the number of errors and an overall qualitative analysis of the task. Validating measures of executive functions included the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System, the Six-Part Test and two questionnaires completed by the child's primary care-giver: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire for Children.Results:Internal consistency of the Children's Cooking Task was high (Cronbach's alpha = .86), as was test–retest reliability (ICC = .89). Children with moderate-to-severe TBI, as well as children with mild TBI made significantly more errors in the Children's Cooking Task in comparison to controls (p< .001). The CCT was correlated with several tests and one questionnaire of executive functioning (Trails, verbal fluency, sorting, 20 questions, Dysexecutive Questionnaire).Discussion and Conclusion:The Children's Cooking Task has good interrater and test–retest reliability, as well as good discriminant and concurrent validity.

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Kwok, Jordanna, and Catherine M. Burns. "Usability Evaluation of a Mobile Ecological Interface Design Application for Diabetes Management." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 11 (2005): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901109.

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Healthcare applications for small-screen mobile devices are becoming increasingly common for medical professionals and patients. Even so, usability issues including navigation and screen clutter remain a challenge. Ecological Interface Design (EID) was used to design a patient-oriented diabetes management display for Java-enabled mobile devices, making it one of the first mobile EID (mEID) applications. This paper presents a usability evaluation of the diabetes management application, which compares the mEID display to a modified taskbased display (mEID+Task). The mEID+Task display integrates functional task characteristics such as frequency and necessity; menu structure, item ordering, item labelling, and input scheme were varied. Results showed that normalised trial completion times were moderately faster in the mEID+Task display than in the mEID display, while no differences were observed in trial completion accuracy. Furthermore, the mEID+Task display received higher preference ratings than the mEID display alone. The findings suggest that the usability of mEID displays can be improved by incorporating a task-oriented approach.

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Hussain, Ghulam, and Abdulaziz S. Alquwai. "Ecological Study of Wadi Thulaim in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 9, no. 2 (2014): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2014.79.92.

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Alieksieienko, Iryna ,., Viktoriia Koltun, Nataliia ,, Grynchuk, Volodymyr ,, Vakulenko, and Oksana Kohut. "Sustainable Development of Territories during the Period of Post-War Environmental Restoration." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (April 21, 2023): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.31.

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The aim of the article was to substantiate the transformations of the conceptual foundations of sustainable development of territories during the period of post-war ecological restoration of states. The main methodological tools were the methods of modelling, experiment, and morphological analysis. The research showed that countries faced a globally important task in the ecological restoration of territories in the post-war period. The destruction of the environment and its pollution caused by military actions sharply reduce the positive indicators of the state of the environment. It was proved that sustainable development goals act as effective vectors for improving the state of the environment in the period of post-war ecological recovery. The implementation of ecologically significant actions during the post-war ecological recovery in Bosnia and Herzegovina shows that this process is complex and difficult. The problems of contradictory decisions, corruption, and lack of transparency should be considered. The environmental strategy of BiH ESAP 2030+ of Bosnia and Herzegovina, developed by the SDG, can be an example of the corresponding legislative regulation in Ukraine. The UNDP’s project Sustainability of Protected Areas (SPA) implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of popularizing ecotourism is also worth noting. A similar project can be implemented in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development of the country during the period of post-war ecological restoration. The main long-term problem in the territory of Ukraine is the demining of regions, which will also determine the terms of implementation of recovery procedures.

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