Articoli di riviste: "Ecological Services Section"

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Niu, Haipeng, Mengmeng Liu, Dongyang Xiao, Xiaoming Zhao, Ran An e Liangxin Fan. "Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Trade-Offs and Synergies in Ecosystem Services at Watershed and Landscape Scales: A Case Analysis of the Yellow River Basin (Henan Section)". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 23 (27 novembre 2022): 15772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315772.

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The changes and interrelationships of ecosystem services at different global and regional scales have been actively investigated. Clarifying the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services from a multi-scale scientific perspective is vital to improve the coordinated and sustainable development of the watershed and ecological protection. As an important ecological barrier region of the Yellow River Basin, the Henan section provides a variety of important ecosystem services. This study analyzes the characteristics of land use changes in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) from 1990 to 2020. Based on the InVEST model, four ecosystem services—water production, soil conservation, carbon storage and food supply have been evaluated. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to further reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies at different levels of each service. The results showed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the basin was dominated by farmland conservation. The construction land area mainly exhibited an inflow behavior, while other land use types were mainly related to outflow. (2) From 1990 to 2020, the water yield, soil conservation and carbon storage first increased and then decreased, while food supply gradually increased. The spatial distribution of these ecosystem services was lower in the southwest and slightly higher in the northeast and farmland had the highest capacity of water production and food supply, while woodland had the highest capacity for soil conservation and carbon storage. (3) The Spearman rank correlation coefficient indicated that the trade-offs for the ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) dominated before 2000, and the synergies gradually strengthened after 2000. (4) There were clear spatial heterogeneities in the ecosystem services of the basin; for instance, the functions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) were mainly trade-offs, while the higher elevations in the middle reaches exhibited synergistic relationships. This study aims to clarify the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services at the different levels. Based on our findings, countermeasures and suggestions for ecological protection and management are proposed to promote the coordinated development of social economy and ecological protection.

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Beißler e Hack. "A Combined Field and Remote-Sensing based Methodology to Assess the Ecosystem Service Potential of Urban Rivers in Developing Countries". Remote Sensing 11, n. 14 (17 luglio 2019): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11141697.

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Natural rivers in urban areas bear significant potential to provide ecosystem services for the surrounding inhabitants. However, surface sealing by houses and street networks, urban drainage, disposal of waste and wastewater resulting from advancing urbanization usually lead to the deterioration of urban rivers and their riparian areas. This ultimately damages their ability to provide ecosystem services. This paper presents an innovative methodology for a rapid and low-cost assessment of the ecological status of urban rivers and riparian areas in developing countries under data scarce conditions. The methodology uses a combination of field data and freely available high-resolution satellite images to assess three ecological status categories: river hydromorphology, water quality, and riparian land cover. The focus here is on the assessment of proxies for biophysical structures and processes representing ecological functioning that enable urban rivers and riparian areas to provide ecosystem services. These proxies represent a combination of remote sensing land cover- and field-based indicators. Finally, the three ecological status categories are combined to quantify the potential of different river sections to provide regulating ecosystem services. The development and application of the methodology is demonstrated and visualized for each 100 m section of the Pochote River in the City of León, Nicaragua. This spatially distributed information of the ecosystem service potential of individual sections of the urban river and riparian areas can serve as important information for decision making regarding the protection, future use, and city development of these areas, as well as the targeted and tailor-made development of nature-based solutions such as green infrastructure.

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Niu, Haipeng, Ran An, Dongyang Xiao, Mengmeng Liu e Xiaoming Zhao. "Estimation of Ecosystem Services Value at a Basin Scale Based on Modified Equivalent Coefficient: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin (Henan Section), China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 24 (11 dicembre 2022): 16648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416648.

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The value of ecosystem services is an extremely important parameter that reflects regional ecological benefits and resources. Estimating the value of ecosystem services is essential for regional land-use optimization, ecological construction, and biodiversity protection. In this study, Landsat-TM/ETM remote sensing images were used to analyze land-use data in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section), China, defined by natural boundaries. An equivalent factor method was used to construct a model to calculate the ecosystem services value that introduced grain yield, regional difference coefficient, and social development stage coefficient. Thus, land-use changes and evolution of ecosystem services values in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) in the past 30 years were analyzed. Land use in the basin changed significantly from 1990 to 2020. Except for an increase in area of construction land, areas of other land-use types decreased. Cultivated land area first increased and then decreased, whereas the water area first decreased and then increased. The total value of ecosystem services in the study area fluctuated but increased overall by 43.82×108 USD in the past 30 years. Spatially, the total value of ecosystem services was high in the southwest and low in the northeast. Among individual ecosystem service values, water conservation, gas regulation, and climate regulation accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total value. Regulation services were the main ecosystem service functions, followed by support and supply services, with cultural services accounting for the lowest proportion. Sensitivity coefficients of different land types in different periods were all less than one. Therefore, the value coefficients were reasonable, and the results were consistent with the actual situation of the study area. The study improves the method to estimate the ecosystem services value of the basin and also indicates ways to support ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section), China.

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Yue, Zhi, Yuting Hua, Yue He, Di Yao, Liya Wang e Xin Tong. "The Synergistic Structure and Potential Development for Sustainable Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas along the Grand Canal: A Case Study of the Wuxi Segment". Sustainability 16, n. 11 (2 giugno 2024): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114734.

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The Grand Canal possesses a unique ecosystem as one of the world cultural heritage sites. However, its ecological roles and services have been underemphasized in heritage conservation efforts, leading to environmental pollution and the degradation of its heritage value, especially in the highly urbanized southern Jiangsu section downstream. This study examines the synergy between regulating ecosystem services (RESs) and cultural ecosystem services (CESs) along the highly urbanized Wuxi section of the Grand Canal, as well as the environmental drivers influencing this relationship. The findings reveal that the synergy between CESs and RESs does not occur at the urban–rural interface but rather in areas 4-6 km away from the Central Business District (CBD). Certain drivers, such as floor area ratio (FAR) and plot ratio (PR), enhance both RES and CES within specific sections. Beyond riparian green belts, various low-density, dispersed, and well-vegetated lands could serve as significant contributors to future ecosystem service (ES) synergy. These conclusions further elucidate the spatial distribution of the heritage cultural services and other ES synergy along the Grand Canal, providing scientific support for broader improvements guiding the sustainable co-development in similar urbanized areas.

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Tang, Feng, Xu Zhou, Li Wang, Yangjian Zhang, Meichen Fu e Pengtao Zhang. "Linking Ecosystem Service and MSPA to Construct Landscape Ecological Network of the Huaiyang Section of the Grand Canal". Land 10, n. 9 (31 agosto 2021): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090919.

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Rapid urbanization and drastic land-use change have led to landscape fragmentation and ecological environment deterioration in the regions along the Grand Canal. Building an ecological network is an important means to improve the connectivity of habitat patches and carry out ecological protection and restoration of territorial space, which is of great significance to ensure regional biodiversity and ecological security. In this article, we took the Huaiyang Section of the Grand Canal (Huaiyang Canal) as the study area, used the ecosystem service assessment model, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), and the landscape connectivity evaluation method to identify ecological sources, then used the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and the gravity model to extract and grade ecological corridors. Based on these, the ecological network was constructed by combining the identification method of ecological nodes and ecological breakpoints. The aim of this was to provide a reference for the ecological space optimization of Huaiyang Canal and even the entire Grand Canal, the formulation of an ecological protection plan, and the implementation of territorial space ecological restoration. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the water conservation service, soil conservation service, carbon sequestration service, and biodiversity conservation service were significantly different, and the level of ecosystem services showed a trend of continuous degradation from 1990 to 2018. There were 12 ecological source patches comprehensively identified by multiple methods, with a total area of 2007.06 km2. In terms of spatial distribution, large ecological source patches were mainly distributed in the central and western areas adjacent to the Grand Canal, while small ecological source patches were scattered in the eastern and southern border regions of the study area. The total length of ecological corridors was 373.84 km, of which the number of the primary ecological corridor, secondary ecological corridor, and tertiary ecological corridor were 9, 7, and 7, respectively, and the suitable width of the ecological corridor was 200–400 m. After optimization, the proposed ecological network was composed of 3 key ecological source patches, 9 important ecological source patches, 23 terrestrial corridors, 10 aquatic corridors, and 18 ecological nodes. Twenty-nine ecological breakpoints were key areas requiring ecological restoration. The overlap rate of the integrated ecosystem service change area and land-use change area was 99%, indicating that land-use change has a significant impact on regional ecosystem services. This study is of great significance for carrying out the ecological protection and restoration of the Huaiyang Canal and adjusting local land-use policies. It also provides a typical case demonstration for identifying an ecological network and formulating ecological restoration planning for other sections of the Grand Canal and cities along the canal.

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Dunford, Richard W., Poh Boon Ung, Jeremy A. Cook e Gary S. Mauseth. "Challenges in Using Habitat Equivalency Analysis for Scaling Compensatory Restoration". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, n. 1 (1 aprile 2003): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-791.

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ABSTRACT Some oil spills cause losses of ecological services in coastal wetlands, other shoreline environments, intertidal ecosystems, and upland environments. In the United States, habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) is being used frequently in natural resource damage assessments for such oil spills to determine the scale of compensatory-restoration projects needed to offset the ecological service losses. The cost of the scaled compensatory-restoration project(s) that offset the ecological service losses is the measure of natural resource damages for the lost ecological services. Our paper describes the HEA process and provides an example of its application. Then we examine several challenges that arise in some HEA applications, including the role of leasing versus purchasing compensatory habitat, increasing values of compensatory habitat over time due to decreasing availability, accounting for service gains from compensatory habitat in the distant future when the present value of those services is essentially zero, and addressing uncertainties in estimating HEA inputs (such as the magnitude of annual service losses and gains). The final section of our paper provides our conclusions with respect to these challenges.

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Mangi, H. O. "Tide Management in the Elbe River and Changes in Ecosystem Services". Advances in Ecology 2016 (3 agosto 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9519637.

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Flood currents (tidal pumping) have led to the increase of transportation of sediments to the river’s upper estuary. In the tidal section of the Elbe River, more sediment is transported to the upper estuary with flood currents (tidal pumping) related to tidal asymmetry. This process contributes, amongst others, to dredging in order to obtain the water depth required for navigation safety. Cognizant of the above problems, construction of shallow water area is planned in order to reduce tidal asymmetry while improving ecological integrity at the tidal Elbe areas. The study on which this paper is based was conducted to assess ecological integrity and ecosystem services before and after the shallow water creation. Habitat identification and quality ranking were conducted for current habitat, while model habitats representing future state (after shallow water creation) were designed using HEC-RAS model simulation. The assessment matrix was used to assess ecological integrity and ecosystem services provisioning of the study area’s habitats before and after the shallow water creation, using potential indicators. Results indicate that there is increase in the ecological integrity after the project implementation. Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that the measure will increase the flow of ecosystem services after its implementation.

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Kotova, T. V. "Vegetation: display in the new «Ecological аtlas of Russia»". Geobotanical mapping, n. 2019 (2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2019.3.

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In 2017 the fundamental scientific-reference multidisciplinary Ecological Atlas of Russia was published (Ecological …, 2017; Kasimov et al., 2018). The Atlas reflects the ecological situation at the beginning of the 21st century. The Geography Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University with the participation of more than 30 leading departmental and scientific organizations contributed to the Atlas. The Atlas represents a wide range of ecological-geographical spatio-temporal characteristics of the territory of Russia and its regions. The six structural sections of the Atlas contain more than 30 maps showing vegetation in different aspects: Introduction; Natural conditions for the formation of an ecological situation; The impact of economic activity on the environment; Natural and technological hazards; Modern ecological situation; Environmental monitoring and nature conservation. The scale of the base maps of Russia is 1 : 20 000 000, others — 1 : 30 000 000 and smaller. Maps are accompanied by text descriptions, graphs and slides. More than 20 % of the Atlas volume is given to satellite imagery — an effective, in some cases unique, means of visualizing environmental information. The description of the maps is given in the following sequence: inventory maps — estimation maps. The Introduction “Russia on the Ecological Map of the World” analyzes the ecological role of Russia on a planetary scale and assesses the contribution to the observed degradation of the planet’s environment. The text reveals the role of vegetation in the biosphere and its environmental functions. In the section “Natural Conditions for the Formation of an Ecological Situation” there is a photomap “Vegetation Cover” created using MODIS images. The 18 divisions of vegetation are grouped in the legend into five large typological complexes — Forests, Grass and shrub vegetation, Tundra, Wetland complexes, Other vegetation. Mires are represented by three maps in 1 : 30 000 000 scale: “Mires and wetlands” (Fig. 1), “Types of mires”, “Afforestation of mires”. The key topic ‒ “Ecological functions of the vegetation cover” — has been made as a separate map (Volkova, Fedorova, 1995). Large proportion of the section is devoted to the productivity of the vegetation cover (3 maps), the most important indicator controlling the stability of geosystems (Fig. 2). In the section “Impact of economic activity on the environment”, vegetation is displayed through the main object of economic activity — forests and factors that determine the current state of forests: deforestation, derivative forests, forest burnability, and frequency of forest fires. The cumulative effect of their impact is presented on the map “Forest disturbance” (Fig. 3). The consequences of adverse effects on biota are presented on the integrated map “Degradation of the plant and animal world” at a scale of 1 : 20 000 000. The maps of poisonous plants and plants-allergens in 1 : 30 000 000 scale (Dikareva et al., 2017) were made for the first time; they are placed in the section “Natural and technological hazards” (Fig. 4). The map “Ecological state of natural fodder lands” (1 : 20 000 000 s.) is included in the group of maps characterizing the ecological state of individual natural components (surface and underground waters, soils, lands, etc.). The final section of the Atlas “Environmental monitoring and nature conservation” contains the maps “Nature Protection”, “Specially Protected Natural Territories”, “Especially Valuable Wetlands” and maps of the Red Book species of plants. The section concludes with the topic “Environmental Benefits of the Russian Federation and Their Capitalization. Russia is in the market of ecosystem services”. It complements the Introduction chapter, focusing on the huge role of the territory of Russia as a natural regulator of the global environment and the need to capitalize its environmental benefits.

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Doss, Terry. "Symposium Abstracts from the Wetland Restoration Section of the SWS". Wetland Science & Practice 38, n. 2 (aprile 2021): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-214.

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At the December 2020 virtual SWS meeting, the Wetland Restoration Section held a virtual symposium on “Wetland Restoration: Dispelling Myths.” Given past and ongoing stresses on wetlands, coupled with the backdrop of rising sea levels and changing climates, it is likely that ecological restoration will continue to be an important tool in preventing further degradation and increasing ecological diversity. However, too often, due to funding limits, lack of time, knowledge gaps, fatuous regulations, or any number of limitations, our efforts to restore wetland functions and services have fallen short or have resulted in unintended consequences. Our knowledge of wetland science has grown exponentially over the past 40 years, but so too has our awareness of all of the unknowns related to the complexities of the natural world. This symposium focused on dispelling some myths often associated with wetland restoration by examining past projects, scrutinizing common restoration practices, and investigating some of the unplanned outcomes of management actions. We also delved into some of the theoretical questions regarding the management of these complex natural resources, questioning the definition of ecological baseline and levels of intervention. The goal of this symposium was to acknowledge that even after 40 plus years of managing and restoring wetlands, ecological restoration is still a relatively new science and we do not fully comprehend the complexities of our ecosystems. But in looking at past efforts and acknowledging that we cannot control nature, particularly in a changing world with an unknown future, we have developed some ideas and approaches to how to assist in the recovery of wetlands in the future.

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Stoeck, Tomasz. "Availability of sharing services in Szczecin". Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2020, n. 3 (1 marzo 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_03_03.

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The article presents the problem of implementation sharing economy services in relation to the urban transport system. Basic information related to this concept and the principle of its operation was discussed, with particular emphasis on economic, ecological and social aspects. The analysis considered the growing role of unmanned rental shops of various types, whose development and functioning influences the change in communication preferences of Szczecin residents. The research part compares travel times of available vehicles on a selected test section. The presented conclusions and observations can be helpful in modernizing current or implementing completely new initiatives in the field of providing modern means of transport. They are to guarantee public availability in a precisely defined area and a relatively short time of use, and at the same time be adapted to the needs of a given agglomeration. Keywords: Sharing services; Urban transport; Communication preferences

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Silva, Katielle Susane do Nascimento, e Miguel Padeiro. "Assessing inequalities in geographical access to emergency medical services in metropolitan Lisbon: a cross-sectional and ecological study". BMJ Open 10, n. 11 (novembre 2020): e033777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033777.

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ObjectivesStudies have suggested that material deprivation is strongly associated with negative health outcomes, and lower usage of various levels of healthcare. We aim to analyse geographical access to emergency medical services (EMSs) and hospital emergency units by EMS in relation to deprivation in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Portugal.DesignThis study estimates road network-based access times from the centroids of statistical sections (census block groups equivalent) to locations of EMS and hospital emergency services. Each statistical section has been linked to a Material Deprivation Index (MDI). A non-parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) was undertaken to compare MDI-linked statistical sections in terms of access to emergency care. Geographical access analysis was conducted for 2018.Primary outcome measureRoad network-based access time (in minutes) for EMSs to statistical sections and then on to emergency units in hospitals.ResultsOverall, 82.4% of the LMA population is located less than a 10 min drive from an EMS without transport, and 99.1% from an EMS with transport. Travel time from EMS with transport to hospital is potentially less than 20 min for 95.2% of the population. However, 63.1% of residents living beyond a 30 min threshold (total time from emergency call to hospital arrival) are in areas with very high MDI (18.8% in high MDI, 13.3% in medium MDI, 4.7% in low MDI, 0% in very low MDI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA confirms discrepancies in access times between better-off and poorer areas.ConclusionPoorer areas experience worse geographical access to EMS and hospital emergency units. More research is needed to explore the quality of services and their outcomes, and to refine the analysis by focusing on specific vulnerable groups.

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Gazzani, Flavio. "Transition to social-ecological sustainability using the environmental fiscal reform". International Journal of Social Economics 48, n. 5 (26 febbraio 2021): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2020-0656.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the introduction of three specific fiscal flexible mechanisms such as VAT surcharges/discounts, surcharges on import/manufacture of risk substances and maturity land tax to implement a new environmental fiscal reform that aims to reduce pollutions and emissions and avoid a regressive impact on low-income households using a feedback system.Design/methodology/approachThe idea behind this article is to explore alternative environmental taxation system that aims to foster the transition to social-ecological sustainability without affect negatively poor and low-income households. It looks at the potential of environmental fiscal reform in terms of environmental benefits and present in the first section, evidence of some economic regressive impact caused by environmental fiscal reform in European Union from previous empirical studies. The article then introduces of a feedback mechanism to create a repayment system, such as rebate or cash transfer to compensate the regressive effect of the levy being added to the consumer price affecting low-income households in a very short period and push consumers to buy alternative eco-friendly products and services and to stimulate the market to offer them.FindingsLowering VAT rate for green products and services has the potential to increase demand for sustainable products and services and stimulate green jobs. Surcharges on import and manufacture of risk substances play a significant role to discourage the import of hazardous and pollutant substances by putting price on them and push the industrial sector towards a medium and long-term transition. Lowering taxes rates for buildings in inner cities encourage improvements and renovations, while raising tax on peri-urban areas discourage land speculation in areas with higher grade of biodiversity. This fiscal mechanism indirectly will reduce private and public transport emissions caused by urban sprawling and travel costs, reduce public infrastructure costs for connecting suburban area to the inner city and reduce the loss of urban-edge farmland area that are vital for smart urban growth.Originality/valueThe previous studies on the economic impact of the on environmental fiscal reform analysis, have focused on environmental aspects, economic growth and employment, but little on the regressive impact in short and medium terms on least wealthy sections of society. The proposed feedback mechanism aims to reduce distortion and inequalities caused by surcharges on existing taxation to low-income using monetary repayment measures, especially for products and services with elastic demand and no substitutes.

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Falcon-Suarez, Ismael Himar, e Arpita Pal Bathija. "Introduction to this special section: The role of geophysics in a net-zero-carbon world". Leading Edge 40, n. 4 (aprile 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40040244.1.

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Human activities are changing the earth's climate, causing increasingly disruptive social and ecological impacts. These impacts can be reduced if global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reach net zero in the near future. A net-zero-carbon world can be achieved by using energy more efficiently and responsibly; transitioning toward energy sources, products, and services that minimize greenhouse gas release; and implementing existing and novel technologies to remove and store CO2 from the atmosphere.

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Willow, Anna J., e Sara Wylie. "Politics, ecology, and the new anthropology of energy: exploring the emerging frontiers of hydraulic fracking". Journal of Political Ecology 21, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2014): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v21i1.21134.

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This article reviews recent literature relevant to the ongoing shale gas boom and introduces the Journal of Political Ecology's Special Section on hydraulic fracking. We highlight the need for ethnographic studies of the tumultuous social and physical transformations resulting from, and produced by, an unfolding frontier of energy production that unsettles social, economic, and ecological landscapes. We examine how intercommunity connections are vital to recognizing the shared structural conditions produced by the oil and gas industry's expansion, through examining the roles played by the oil field services industry, the sequestration of information and agnotology (the deliberate production of ignorance), divide and conquer tactics, and shared experiences of risk and embodied effects. Summarizing the contributions of the five articles included in the Special Section, we offer recommendations for further inquiry. We examine how social science studies of hydraulic fracking are producing new and innovative methodologies for developing participatory academic and community research projects.Key words: digital media, embodiment, energy, hydraulic fracturing, oil field services industry, shale gas

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Chen, Han-Shen, e Hung-Yu Kuo. "Green Energy and Water Resource Management: A Case Study of Fishery and Solar Power Symbiosis in Taiwan". Water 14, n. 8 (15 aprile 2022): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081299.

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Renewable energy development is a key pathway for mitigating climate change. The Taiwan government has been actively developing low carbon green energy with solar photovoltaic technology and wind power as their primary development projects. Cigu Taiwan provides an ideal research site to examine tradeoffs between ecological conservation, marine fisheries, and green power development, and the factors affect commitments to ecological conservation in the face of these tradeoffs. This research investigates the fishery and electricity symbiosis project in Cigu through a novel combination of the theory of planned behavior and the contingent valuation method to analyze the factors influencing the local residents’ behavioral intentions to safeguard ecological achievements in ecologically fragile areas through conservation trust funds. Analysis of survey responses from a convenience sample of 715 residents and resource users in the Cigu area reports that attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), environmental concern (EC), and environmental risk (ER) significantly influence the behavioral intention to pay eco-compensation fees; the local residents’ willingness to pay for the conservation trust funds was NTD 621.4/year (USD 21.9/year), and decreased to NTD 545.9/year (USD 19.2/year) after the implementation of fishery and electricity symbiosis. The discussion section argues that the drivers of ATT, SN, PBC, EC, and ER can be used by policy makers to direct local residents’ intentions and behavior toward conserving ecological achievements in fragile eco-environmental areas through payments for ecosystem services. Thus, this strategy can improve the sustainability of ecological and environmental restoration programs.

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Kuang, Yuan, e Nan ka E Wu. "Urban Development and Sustainable Land Resource Management: An Ecological Geological Perspective". International Journal of Energy 3, n. 3 (12 dicembre 2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ije.v3i3.001.

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This paper delves into the crucial role of ecogeology in urban development and land resource management. Ecogeology integrates principles of geology, ecology, and urban planning to achieve a balance between urban growth and the preservation of the natural environment. The article emphasizes the core principles, methods, and applications of ecogeology in urban planning to foster sustainable urban development. The section on challenges in urban development and sustainable land resource management highlights issues such as rapid global urbanization, land fragmentation, and ecosystem degradation. Urbanization trends place significant demands on land resources, but they also come with resource scarcity, environmental burdens, and social issues. Land fragmentation results in the fragmentation of natural landscapes, while ecosystem degradation threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services. These challenges require comprehensive approaches, and ecogeology provides a promising avenue. The paper further explores successful cases and best practices, including projects in Singapore, Kutzbachstadt (Germany), Shenzhen, and others. These cases demonstrate how ecogeology successfully enhances urban environmental quality and improves the quality of life for urban residents through measures such as wetland restoration, green infrastructure, nature conservation, and urban green spaces. The future outlook section emphasizes the importance of sustainable urban planning, climate change adaptation, and technological innovation. Cities will continue to expand, climate change will persist in affecting the environment, and technological innovation will drive modern urban management.

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Li, Guiyuan, Zhanneng Wu, Yu He, Chi Chen e Yan Long. "The promotion of sustainable land use planning for the enhancement of ecosystem service capacity: Based on the FLUS-INVEST-RUSLE-CASA model". PLOS ONE 19, n. 7 (9 luglio 2024): e0305400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305400.

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Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) is one of the most significant human variables influencing the efficiency of Ecosystem Services (ESs) in terrestrial ecosystems. Theoretical and technical assistance for regional sustainable land use planning and management, as well as ecosystem conservation and restoration, is provided by investigating the influence of changes in the LULC pattern on the efficiency of ESs. This research focuses on the interactions between socioeconomic activities and natural ecological processes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). We use LULC data from the TGRA for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The study includes the analysis and calculation of the spatiotemporal evolution features of the current LULC pattern and the efficiency of ESs, including their spatiotemporal distribution. Considering the TGRA’s national development orientation and guidance, three potential LULC patterns are constructed under various develop-ment scenarios. To calculate the efficiency of ESs, the GeoSOS-FLUS future LULC simulation model is linked, and several methodologies such as INVEST, RUSLE, and CASA are used. The goal is to investigate the influence of future changes in LULC patterns on ESs efficiency. The findings show the following: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the values of water conservation services in the TGRA decreased and subsequently increased. High-value areas are primarily located in the reservoir’s centre and eastern sections, whereas low-value areas are mostly found in the western section. Soil conservation service values initially declined and later climbed. The TGRA’s carbon storage services have in-creased yearly, from 552.64 g/m2 in 2000 to 615.92 g/m2 in 2020. (2) In the ecological protection scenario, carbon storage and soil erosion increased compared to the ecosystem services in 2020. The ecological system service benefits are greater when compared to the natural development scenario. (3) The four ESs show positive spatial correlations across all three scenarios, and local spatial au-tocorrelation analysis findings demonstrate that carbon storage, water yield, and habitat quality have comparable spatial distributions across all three scenarios. To some extent, high-value areas for water conservation, soil retention, carbon storage, and habitat quality overlap.

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Yang, Yuejuan, Kun Wang, Di Liu, Xinquan Zhao, Jiangwen Fan, Jinsheng Li, Xiajie Zhai, Cong Zhang e Ruyi Zhan. "Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Ecosystem Service Losses in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 7 (3 aprile 2019): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071199.

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Being subject to climate change and human intervention, the land-use pattern in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China has undergone complex changes over the past few decades, which may jeopardize the provision of ecosystem services. Thus, for sustainable land management, ecosystem services should be evaluated and monitored. In this study, based on Landsat TM/ETM data, we quantitatively evaluated the losses of ecosystem service values (ESV) in three sections of the agro-pastoral ecotone from 1980–2015. The results were as follows: (1) the main characteristic of the land conversions was that a large area of grassland was converted into cultivated land in the agro-pastoral ecotone; (2) on the spatial scale, the ESV losses of the agro-pastoral ecotone can be called an “inclined surface” in the direction of the northeast to southwest, and the northeastern section of the agro-pastoral ecotone lost more ESV than the middle and northwest sections (p < 0.05), on the temporal scale, the order of losses was 1990–2000 > 1980–1990 > 2000–2015; (3) the agro-pastoral ecotone lost more ESV, which was mainly due to four kinds of land conversion, which were grassland that was transformed into cultivated land, grassland transformed into unused land, grassland transformed into built-up areas, and cultivated land transformed into built-up areas; (4) although these land conversions were curbed after the implementation of protection policies at the end of the 1990s, due to reduced precipitation and increasing temperatures, the agro-pastoral ecotone will face a more severe situation in the future; and, (5) during the period of 1990–2015, the overall dynamic processes of increasing population gradually expanded to the sparsely populated pastoral area. Therefore, we believe that human interventions are the main cause of ecological deterioration in the agro-pastoral ecotone. This study provides references for fully understanding the regional differences in the ecological and environmental effects of land use change and it helps to objectively evaluate ecological civilization construction in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China.

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Gil, Artur. "Thematic Section: Sustainable development and environmental conservation in the Outermost European Regions". Island Studies Journal 11, n. 1 (2016): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.332.

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The Outermost European Regions (OERs) are geographic areas which are part of a European Union Member State, but situated outside continental Europe. All OERs except French Guiana are islands or archipelagos. They face several challenges to full development – remoteness, insularity, terrain and climate constraints, economic dependence and a narrow range of exportable commodities or services. Nevertheless, the European Commission advocates for these regions the assumption of a new paradigm: turning their natural and socioeconomic handicaps into assets. This strategy makes the sustainable development and environmental conservation strategies and policies of OERs especially challenging in scientific, technical and political terms. This Island Studies Journal special section on Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation in the Outermost European Regions includes five articles that describe, analyse and address directly social-ecological systems’ issues in insular Portuguese and Spanish OERs (Azores and Canaries, respectively). These studies propose novel concepts, strategies and models aiming towards designing and implementing better and more cost-effective sustainability and environmental conservation policies in these remote European regions.

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20

Yuan, Zhenzhen, Weijie Li, Yong Wang, Dayun Zhu, Qiuhong Wang, Yan Liu e Lingyan Zhou. "Ecosystem Health Evaluation and Ecological Security Patterns Construction Based on VORSD and Circuit Theory: A Case Study in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in Chongqing, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n. 1 (25 dicembre 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010320.

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Constructing ecological security patterns (ESPs) is an important approach to maintaining regional ecological security and achieving sustainable development. Most previous studies on ESPs mainly focused on the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) yet did not fully consider the ecosystem health and human demand for ESs, which lacked evaluation from the perspective of human nature. Therefore, based on ecosystem health and ESs demand, this paper constructed the “vigor, organization, resilience, ESs supply-demand ratio” (VORSD) ecosystem health evaluation system and combined it with circuit theory to develop a new and comprehensive ESPs identification framework. Taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing section (TGRAC) as a case study, the results showed that the general ecosystem health of the TGRAC was not optimistic, and there was still a long way to go for ecological treatment and restoration. From the perspective of spatial distribution, there were significant differences in the ecosystem health between regions, and the eastern region was higher than the western region. The ecological sources area of the TGRAC was about 25,350.16 km2, mainly distributed in the northeast and southeast of forestland, grassland, and cultivated land. The total length of ecological corridors was 2291.41 km, linking the northeastern, southeastern, middle, and southwestern regions of the TGRAC. There were 82 ecological nodes and 30 ecological barriers, most of which were concentrated on the construction land and cultivated land in the southwest and should be regarded as priority areas for ecological conservation. The research results verify the regional suitability and rationality of integrating the VORSD model and circuit theory to construct ESPs, which can provide an important reference for regional ecological protection and land use pattern optimization.

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Mester, Tamás, Borbála Benkhard, Mária Vasvári, Péter Csorba, Emőke Kiss, Dániel Balla, István Fazekas, Eduárd Csépes, Ayoub Barkat e György Szabó. "Hydrochemical Assessment of the Kisköre Reservoir (Lake Tisza) and the Impacts of Water Quality on Tourism Development". Water 15, n. 8 (12 aprile 2023): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081514.

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Outdoor recreation has grown rapidly in recent years, with an increasing preference for areas in good ecological condition. Since lakes represent some of the most important wetlands, providing a wide variety of ecosystem services, they have become a very popular destination. The present study aimed to assess the water quality of the largest artificial lake in Hungary (Kisköre Reservoir—Lake Tisza), and the role of ecological status in tourism development. Monthly water sampling from the basins of the lake (Tiszavalk, Poroszló, Sarud and Abádszalók basins) took place from April–November 2021 and in 2022. The majority of samples from the river section and from the lake are classified as Ca2+-HCO3− type or mixed Ca2+-Na+-HCO3− type. According to the results, the water quality of each basin is considered excellent or good. Rapid warming of the shallow water of the basins was detected during the summer months, resulting in different hydrochemical characteristics (pH, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, CODcr BOI5) compared to the river section. Differences in the plant nutrient and oxygen balance component groups have been revealed with hierarchical and two-step cluster analysis as well. The results demonstrated that the hydrochemical properties of the lake’s water are substantially influenced by the filling of the lake in spring from the River Tisza and the significant lowering (1.2 m) of the water level in the autumn each year, allowing the drainage of stagnant water, the removal of accumulated sediments and the oxidation of organic matter. The number of tourists on Lake Tisza has increased rapidly over the last decade, confirming that a wide range of ecosystem services have a significant attractive impact on waterfront activities and ecotourism.

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Pan, Fangjie, Nannan Shu, Qing Wan e Qi Huang. "Land Use Function Transition and Associated Ecosystem Service Value Effects Based on Production–Living–Ecological Space: A Case Study in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area". Land 12, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2023): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020391.

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The transition of land use function and its effects on ecosystem services is a key issue in eco-environmental protection and is the basis of territorial space governance and optimization. Previous studies have typically selected land use types to evaluate ecosystem service value (ESV) and have overlooked comprehensive characteristics of ecosystem services and the mutual feedback relationship between human social systems and the ecosystem. Taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Hubei section (TGRA-HS) as a case study, we used a transition matrix, the revised ESV method, and an ecological contribution rate model to explore land use function transition (LUFT) and its effects on the change in ESV based on the production–living–ecological space (PLES) classification system. The results show that: (1) The transition of land use function based on PLES was the mapping of the evolution of the human–nature relationship in the spatial pattern, which reflected the evolution of the spatial pattern caused by human interference with the continuous development of society; (2) The evolution of PLES showed the characteristics of a reduction in production space (P-space), and an expansion in living space (L-space) and ecological space (E-space). The distribution pattern of PLES from 1990 to 2020 was basically the same, and the characteristics of structural transform reflected the characteristics of project construction in different phases; (3) The E-space contributed the most to the total ESV, and it has risen by CNY 13.06 × 108. The transition of land use function caused by human construction projects impacts the spatiotemporal change in the regional ESV; (4) The change in ESV induced by LUFT revealed the whole dynamic process of the positive and negative effects of human construction projects on ecosystem services, and the two effects offset each other to keep the ESV relatively stable. The transition of E-space to P-space had the greatest impact on the reduction in ESV, whose contribution rate was 82.76%. The dynamic changes in land use function and ESV corresponding to the different stages of the Three Gorges Project’s (TGP) construction reveals the important driving effect of human activities on ecosystem services. It reminds us that humans should not forget to protect the eco-environment when obtaining services from the ecosystem.

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23

Manyama, Mkama Thomas, Cuthbert Leonard Nahonyo e Aloyce Shaban Hepelwa. "Analysis of the Impact of Built Environment on Coastline Ecosystem Services and Values". East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, n. 2 (14 agosto 2020): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.195.

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The degradation of any ecosystem services (ES) and the benefits human being enjoy from nature freely involve multifaceted processes such as those in built environment. The ecological security and multiple functions of the coastal zone of Dar es Salaam is of paramount importance to the sustainability of its natural and anthropogenic systems. Therefore, permanent/temporary conversion of a piece of land for construction space provisions profoundly affects the functionality and connectedness of nature–anthropogenic ecosystem. This study quantified land use landcover changes from Landsat satellite imageries, then evaluated the changes using recognizable coefficients for ecosystem services values (ESV). Applying Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, the impacts of built environment on ESV were analysed using land use landcover change (LULCC) transfer matrix, carbon stock dynamics and soil erosion influence on soil fauna. The results revealed expansive BE from 10.6 percent in 1995 to 22.8 percent in 2016. Loss of forest by 64.5 percent in the study period explained the declining total ESV by 56.1 percent and per capita recreation potential by 2.3 percent. Similarly, decreasing forest cover led to high carbon dioxide emission, notably, the 353.24 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1 in the period between 1995 and 2005. Furthermore, in 1995 bushland experienced high soil erosion while in 2016 built environment displayed a similar trend as the rest of the land use landcover (LULC) classes. From geospatial analysis, the southern area displayed significant vegetation cover change as compared to the built environment dominant in the northern section of Dar es Salaam coastline. Initiative to reducing built environment by 1 percent saves forest loss by 5.28 percent and carbon sequestration at a tune of 28.95 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1; hence improves ecological services values by 4.60 percent.

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24

Brose, Ulrich, e Helmut Hillebrand. "Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in dynamic landscapes". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, n. 1694 (19 maggio 2016): 20150267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0267.

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The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) and its consequence for ecosystem services has predominantly been studied by controlled, short-term and small-scale experiments under standardized environmental conditions and constant community compositions. However, changes in biodiversity occur in real-world ecosystems with varying environments and a dynamic community composition. In this theme issue, we present novel research on BEF in such dynamic communities. The contributions are organized in three sections on BEF relationships in (i) multi-trophic diversity, (ii) non-equilibrium biodiversity under disturbance and varying environmental conditions, and (iii) large spatial and long temporal scales. The first section shows that multi-trophic BEF relationships often appear idiosyncratic, while accounting for species traits enables a predictive understanding. Future BEF research on complex communities needs to include ecological theory that is based on first principles of species-averaged body masses, stoichiometry and effects of environmental conditions such as temperature. The second section illustrates that disturbance and varying environments have direct as well as indirect (via changes in species richness, community composition and species' traits) effects on BEF relationships. Fluctuations in biodiversity (species richness, community composition and also trait dominance within species) can severely modify BEF relationships. The third section demonstrates that BEF at larger spatial scales is driven by different variables. While species richness per se and community biomass are most important, species identity effects and community composition are less important than at small scales. Across long temporal scales, mass extinctions represent severe changes in biodiversity with mixed effects on ecosystem functions. Together, the contributions of this theme issue identify new research frontiers and answer some open questions on BEF relationships in dynamic communities of real-world landscapes.

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25

Al-Okaily, Manaf, Abdul Rahman Al Natour, Farah Shishan, Ahmed Al-Dmour, Rasha Alghazzawi e Malek Alsharairi. "Sustainable FinTech Innovation Orientation: A Moderated Model". Sustainability 13, n. 24 (9 dicembre 2021): 13591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413591.

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Financial technology (otherwise known as FinTech) refers to a type of technology and innovation that tries to improve and automate the delivery and use of financial services. Despite the importance of this technology in people’s financial transactions in improving the management of their financial operations, processes, and lives, there is a lack of empirical evidence about sustainable FinTech services in the Jordanian context. Consequently, this research examines the factors that influence the acceptance of FinTech services, which have a variety of social, environmental, and ecological benefits. This study proposes an integrated model by combining the extended technology acceptance model (TAM) with the perceived enjoyment as an independent variable and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) as a moderator variable simultaneously. A total of 304 responses from Jordanian citizens were analyzed by the quantitative method of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The result confirmed that perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have a significant and positive influence on users’ decision to use FinTech services. Meanwhile, eWOM is found to moderate the relationship between perceived usefulness and Jordanians’ decisions to use FinTech services. Finally, this study provides practical implications for managers to encourage them to provide adequate, reliable, and sustainable services to their customers at a reasonable cost that fit their demands and ultimately improve their living standards. Current study limitations and future research directions are presented in the last section.

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Chen, Linglong, Lan Ma, Jiamen Jiji, Qingqi Kong, Zizhao Ni, Lin Yan e Chengzhong Pan. "River Ecosystem Health Assessment Using a Combination Weighting Method: A Case Study of Beijing Section of Yongding River in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 21 (4 novembre 2022): 14433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114433.

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(1) Background: River health assessment provides the foundation for sustainable river development and management. However, existing assessments have no uniform standards and methods. (2) Methods: The combination weighting method was proposed, drawing on the advantages of subjective and objective weighting methods. To comprehensively investigate the river health level, an index system based on 16 indices selected from river morphology, river water environment, riparian condition, and social services level was established. The method and framework were applied to the Beijing section of Yongding River in China. (3) Results: The comprehensive weights of river morphology, river water environment, riparian condition, and social services are 0.1614, 0.3170, 0.4459, and 0.0757, respectively. The river health comprehensive index of Yongding River is 3.805; the percentages of excellent, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy, and sick river segments are 0%, 11%, 69%, 20%, and 0%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The results indicate that Yongding River is in a sub-healthy state, and the riparian condition is the key factor that affects the river ecosystem health. Health level exhibited a remarkable spatial variation, mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities, and effective measures are needed to minimize the impact in fragile ecological areas.

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27

Lin, Bie-Yu, e Shi-Xiao Wang. "Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: Protection and Development of World Heritage Sites". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (17 settembre 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3159411.

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The production of services and goods needs consumption of available material and energy. An economy often focuses on sources of high-quality material/energy first produced by nature for increasing growth. World heritages sites (WHSs) have become major tourist attractions that promote economic development for developing countries. The increased number of tourists has thus brought about threats to ecological environment. Scholars stress that it should be sustainable or “green growth” since it comes to economic growth currently. The aim of this research is to establish a sustainable development model for WHSs to empirically investigate the dilemma between economic development and ecological protection with particular emphasis on strategies that promote the sustainability. The study took China’s 45 WHSs as samples and constructed a two-stage sustainable development model to analyze the trade-off between economic development and ecological protection. The dynamic network slacks-based measure was employed for dynamic performance evaluation for the period 2013-2019. The results suggest that a strong balance between economic development and ecological protection would be essential for sustainability. Spearman’s rank correlation was also used to verify that there are no conflicts between the two processes. In addition, this study demonstrates that an effective government policy covering regulations of economic development and ecological protection can positively influence sustainable development. The governments are suggested to improve the section that the WHS performs inefficient. Involvement of balanceable sustainable development for WHSs needs necessary cooperation during concerned institutions, practitioners, and communities. The WHSs are recommended to receive strict standard of supervision, management, and control.

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Kamińska, Ilona, Tomasz Zarzycki, Jacek Zaucha e Dorota Ciołek. "How to measure the economic value of ecosystem functions and processes and link such value to the MSP?" SHS Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185801015.

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The paper aims at answering questions on implications of the economic valuation of regulatory ecosystem service in maritime spatial planning. The biogeochemical processes that occur in marine sediments such as denitrification, contribute indirectly, though significantly, benefits to human wellbeing. Such direct and indirect benefits are called ecosystem services. According to the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES V5.1) for the Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting, the case study: ecosystem service lies within the: Section - Regulation & Maintenance (Biotic); Division - Transformation of biochemical or physical inputs to ecosystems; Group - Mediation of wastes or toxic substances of anthropogenic origin by living processes and Class - Bio-remediation by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and animals (Code 2.1.1.1). Marine sediments are economically evaluated mainly as sources of providing services (sand and gravel extraction or space for potential industrial use). Their regulatory function is often neglected in such studies. Therefore, we employed the methodology from the field of ecological economics and assessed the economic value of denitrification of the Gulf of Gdansk. This paper suggests the possible implications of using such data in MSP and discusses the competition sea uses in order to determine the final benefits for society.

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Pan, Tianshi, Lijun Zuo, Zengxiang Zhang, Xiaoli Zhao, Feifei Sun, Zijuan Zhu e Yingchun Liu. "Effects of Afforestation Projects on Tradeoffs between Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Guanting Reservoir Basin, China". Forests 13, n. 2 (3 febbraio 2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020232.

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Evaluating the responses of ecosystem services (ESs) to local land-use changes is critical for understanding the effects of ecological projects related to land planning. Change patterns in the interrelationships between ESs delivered by land-use changes, which are helpful for formulating future strategies, have not been well studied. In this study, we quantified four ESs, namely water yield (WY), water and soil conservation, nonpoint pollution control, and carbon sequestration services, based on the soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT) in the Zhangjiakou section of the Guanting Reservoir watershed, a region with a high concentration of afforestation projects. The impacts of land-use changes on changes in ESs and interrelationships of ESs were investigated by redundancy analysis. The results showed that, along with afforestation, regional water conservation and soil organic carbon content increased by 3.22% and 1.08%, respectively, whereas sediment output, WY, phosphorus output, and nitrogen output decreased by 1.82%, 3.07%, 8.08%, and 12.51%, respectively. Significant tradeoffs of regional ESs were observed between WY and other ESs, while synergies existed between other ESs. Increased areas of evergreen and deciduous forests helped in conserving water, fixing carbon, and regulating runoff. Evergreen forests tended to conserve more water than deciduous forests. With the increase in grassland area, most of the ESs can be improved while introducing fewer tradeoffs compared with those of most of other land-use types. This study provided a better understanding of the effects of afforestation on ESs tradeoffs and benefits to develop better ecological conservation strategies in afforestation regions.

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Ni, Qingsong, Xue Ma, Ruiming Duan, Yan Liang e Peng Cui. "Research on the Coupling Co-ordination between Quality of County-Level New Urbanization and Ecosystem Service Value in Shaanxi Province". Land 13, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2024): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010105.

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Rapid urbanization has significantly impacted the structure of ecosystem services, accelerating the pressure on natural resources and ecological space. The clarification of the interdependent relationship between new-type urbanization (NTU) and ecosystem services (ESs) has contributed to ecological conservation and high-quality co-ordinated development, in contrast to traditional urbanization. This study focuses on the counties in Shaanxi Province as the research subjects, develops a new urbanization evaluation model for county-level areas, and utilizes Section data at the county level in Shaanxi Province for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. (To analyze land cover change, we selected four data periods: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, to capture significant spatial trends.) This study employed the comparative analysis method and the Coupled Co-ordination Model (CCDM) to assess the correlation between traditional urbanization and the value of ecosystem services, as well as between new urbanization and the value of ecosystem services. Additionally, the study utilizes the ArcGIS platform to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two types of urbanization evolution and the spatiotemporal relationship between urbanization and ecosystem co-ordination. The study findings suggest the following: (1) a “low-level coordination” coupling relationship exists between traditional and new urbanization in county-level areas of Shaanxi Province and the value of ecosystem services. (2) The coupling co-ordination of traditional and new urbanization with the value of ecosystem services shows a spread of low-value areas in space, leading to a pattern of low disorder assimilation and significant spatial aggregation. (3) From 2000 to 2020, traditional and new urbanization in various counties of Shaanxi Province consistently exhibited a steady increase, with spatial patterns of “Guanzhong region > Northern Shaanxi region > Southern Shaanxi region”. Both types of urbanization have displayed a “low-level coupling” with ecosystem services. (4) During the same period, the new urbanization index in different counties of Shaanxi Province showed a steady increase, demonstrating an advantage of Guanzhong. Its impact on the ecosystem was significantly weaker than that of traditional urbanization. (5) The development of new urbanization can be more effectively co-ordinated with ecosystem services compared to traditional urbanization. However, currently, its co-ordination with the ecosystem service system is relatively poor. The study’s results suggest that enhancing new urbanization from multiple dimensions is beneficial for promoting the integrated coherence between urbanization development and ecosystem service systems.

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Mechkin, Karl. "Reconstruction of the Old Bydgoszcz Canal buried section as a potential direction for development of green and blue infrastructure in Bydgoszcz city center". Ecological Questions 34, n. 4 (17 luglio 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.051.

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This paper tackles the possibility for the reconstruction of the buried section of the Old Bydgoszcz Canal, as a potential direction for the development of green and blue infrastructure in Bydgoszcz city center. As a result of the literature review, archival query, field works, and social research in the form of a public survey and interviews with local experts, the concept for reopening the buried section of the Old Bydgoszcz Canal was drawn up. It takes into account local spatial conditions and social expectations and shows how the project complies with the current municipal strategic and planning documents. This work also presents historic and contemporary practices for the development of urban water areas, and concepts of ecosystem services, climate change adaptation, and urban quality of life, which are important for the development of urban green infrastructure. The results of this research lay the foundations for a broader discussion on the possible reconstruction of the Bydgoszcz Canal, as well as the implementation of similar projects in other cities.

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Honchar, I. A., e Z. O. Palyan. "Statistical Analysis of the Electric Car Market Development in Ukraine: Problems and Solutions". Statistics of Ukraine 81, n. 2 (18 ottobre 2018): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2(81)2018.02.02.

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UN Sustainable Development Goals contain an ecological component: stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and finding alternative sources of energy. The introduction of electric cars will help solve both problems simultaneously. The analysis of the current world trends in the cars market shows the steady growth of consumer preferences for electric cars and the rapid reaction of the world’s automakers. According to forecasts provided by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, it is expected that in 2040, more than half (54%) of world car sales will come from electric vehicles. The spread of this type of ecological vehicles associated with the decision on technical, organizational and legal nature create an infrastructure of electric charging stations. The article proposed analyzes the dynamics of prevalence of electric vehicles and development of services of electric charging stations in Ukraine. In the car market electric cars Ukraine appeared recently, since 2012 (the first 10 units), but during the next 5 years, the number of registered annually increased by 37.5 times and as of 01.01.2018 already numbered 5688 cars. The rapid increase in the number of registered electric vehicles started from 2016, when the import duty on electric cars was canceled at the legislative level. The number of registered electric cars in Ukraine increased by 11 times in 2016–2017. During these two years the share of electric cars in total sales doubled and reached 4.6% in 2017. Today the coverage of the territory of Ukraine by electric charging stations is about 20%. However, the rate of expansion of the number of electric charging stations even for one 2017 year are impressive, namely, the fourfold increase. Expansion of the Ukrainian market of electric cars is constrained by the unregulated status of electric charging stations, as well as services related to servicing and operation of electric vehicles. First of all, the issue of classification of the activity of providing services for charging the battery of electric cars should be solved. It is possible to resolve the issue, if one distinguishes a separate activity in one of the Classification of Economic Activities (CEA) sections. The current version of the Classification of Economic Activities contains an activity related exclusively to vehicle maintenance (section G, division 45, group 2), which does not include service for charging a car battery. The solution of the issue is the introduction of a new type of activity: “Services for charging batteries”. As a result it will allow creating favorable conditions for the development of the market for servicing and operation of electric vehicles.

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Lee, Eunjoung, e Gunwoo Kim. "Green Space Ecosystem Services and Value Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Roads for Sustainable Cities". Land 12, n. 2 (17 febbraio 2023): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020505.

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The provision of green space as a result of three-dimensional roads plays a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability of the urban ecosystem. It does so by solving environmental problems and offering various ecosystem services to city residents. This study focuses on the park section of an expressway located between Bundang and Suseo in Seongnam city, South Korea, and quantifies the improvement in air quality and ecological value following the transformation of the road into green infrastructure. The goal is to determine the feasibility of sustainable green infrastructure for roads. The new park area on the road is approximately 83,000 sq. meters and there are approximately 3349 trees planted in the park. These trees can store 77.68 metric tons of carbon annually, isolate 13.21 metric tons of total carbon, remove 70.446 kg of air pollutants, avoid 112.8 cubic meters of emissions, and mitigate 31,983.90 cubic feet of emissions. The resulting economic value is approximately 874,494 dollars. Road green infrastructure conversion can be a useful solution to respond to environmental problems. To promote decision-making when developing policies, a process of pre-verification with quantified data of ecosystem services (example: air quality benefits, etc.) of trees using the i-Tree Eco program is required. In the execution stage, it is possible to understand the structure, function, and value of green spaces and prepare guidelines for tree selection, design alternatives, and evaluation as one of the management strategies for green spaces to improve the value of ecosystem services.

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Jin, Yang, Bing Hou e Xiang Kong. "The Practice Characteristics of Authorized Heritage Discourse in Tourism: Thematic and Spatial". Land 13, n. 6 (7 giugno 2024): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13060816.

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Under the influence of tourism and globalization, heritage production presents a new landscape. As a crucial framework for interpreting heritage, Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD) has profound significance in discussing its practice characteristics in this context. Taking cities along the Jiangsu–Zhejiang section of the Grand Canal as a case study and drawing upon policy text, this study explores the practice characteristics of AHD in the tourism context. Results indicate that the thematic practices of AHD encompass protection and management, ecological construction, cultural production and inheritance, touristification, infrastructure and services, and marketing and cooperation, forming a clustering pattern with touristification as the central theme. The spatial characteristics manifest as multi-scale practices ranging from global to regional to local, each corresponding to diverse thematic characteristics. This study deepens the understanding of AHD in tourism and advances the research progress of heritage tourism. It also provides practical references for the utilization of urban heritage and the management of heritage tourism.

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Gerardo, Romeu, e Isabel P. de Lima. "Monitoring Duckweeds (Lemna minor) in Small Rivers Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery: Application of Vegetation and Water Indices to the Lis River (Portugal)". Water 14, n. 15 (22 luglio 2022): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152284.

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Duckweed species, particularly Lemna minor, are widely found in freshwaters all over the world. This macrophyte provides multiple ecosystems’ functions and services, but its excessive proliferation can have negative environmental impacts (including ecological and socio-economic impacts). This work explores the use of remote sensing tools for mapping the dynamics of Lemna minor in open watercourses, which could contribute to identifying suitable monitoring programs and integrated management practices. The study focuses on a selected section of the Lis River (Portugal), a small river that is often affected by water pollution. The study approach uses spatiotemporal multispectral data from the Sentinel-2 satellite and from 2021 and investigates the potential of remote sensing-based vegetation and water indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Normalized Difference Aquatic Vegetation Index (NDAVI), Green Red Vegetation Index (GRVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)) for detecting duckweeds’ infestation and its severity. The NDAVI was identified as the vegetation index (VI) that better depicted the presence of duckweeds in the surface of the water course; however, results obtained for the other VIs are also encouraging, with NDVI showing a response that is very similar to NDAVI. Results are promising regarding the ability of remote sensing products to provide insight into the behavior of Lemna minor and to identify problematic sections along small watercourses.

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Czaja, Monika, Anna Kołton e Piotr Muras. "The Complex Issue of Urban Trees—Stress Factor Accumulation and Ecological Service Possibilities". Forests 11, n. 9 (26 agosto 2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090932.

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This review paper is the first that summarizes many aspects of the ecological role of trees in urban landscapes while considering their growth conditions. Research Highlights are: (i) Plant growth conditions in cities are worsening due to high urbanization rates and new stress factors; (ii) Urban trees are capable of alleviating the stress factors they are exposed to; (iii) The size and vitality of trees is related to the ecological services they can provide. Our review shows, in a clear way, that the phenomenon of human-related environmental degradation, which generates urban tree stress, can be effectively alleviated by the presence of trees. The first section reviews concerns related to urban environment degradation and its influence on trees. Intense urbanization affects the environment of plants, raising the mortality rate of urban trees. The second part deals with the dieback of city trees, its causes and scale. The average life expectancy of urban trees is relatively low and depends on factors such as the specific location, proper care and community involvement, among others. The third part concerns the ecological and economic advantages of trees in the city structure. Trees affect citizen safety and health, but also improve the soil and air environment. Finally, we present the drawbacks of tree planting and discuss if they are caused by the tree itself or rather by improper tree management. We collect the latest reports on the complicated state of urban trees, presenting new insights on the complex issue of trees situated in cities, struggling with stress factors. These stressors have evolved over the decades and emphasize the importance of tree presence in the city structure.

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Kicosev, Vesna, Jovan Romelic, Andjelka Belic, Ivo Marinic e Biljana Panjkovic. "Assessment of the influence of anthropogenic factors on elements of the ecological network in Vojvodina (Serbia) using the Leopold matrix". Archives of Biological Sciences 67, n. 4 (2015): 1209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150303097k.

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Salt steppes and marshes represent the most valuable ecosystems in the world, providing numerous ecosystem services that are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic influences. These types of habitat in the territory of Serbia are most dominant in Banat and a significant portion of them is under protection or in the process of becoming protected. The section surrounding the protected areas of Slano Kopovo Special Nature Reserve, Rusanda Nature Park and Okanj Bara Special Nature Reserve with the non-building area of Novi Becej, Kumane, Melenci, Elemir and Taras cadastral municipalities, has been chosen for the analysis. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of specific anthropogenic factors on the elements of an ecological network using the analytical method that can generate the required results in a manner suitable for presentation to various stakeholders. To achieve this aim, the Leopold matrix model, used for assessing anthropogenic influence on the environment, has been chosen. The specificity of this issue of protecting and preserving elements of an ecological network resulted in the need to isolate and evaluate the factors affecting the preservation of habitats and functionality of ecosystems, unlike the concept of Leopold matrix, which treats all factors as equally important in the process of evaluation. Evaluation results indicate significant effects of historical, perennial manner of using the area and other resources in the non-building area.

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Vasiliev, Andrei, Mikhail Razinsky e Svetlana Gorokhova. "Application of magnetic susceptibility measurement for mapping and assessment of ecological quality in urban topsoils". InterCarto. InterGIS 28, n. 2 (2022): 913–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-913-925.

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The article presents the results of geostatistical mapping of the magnetic susceptibility of the urban top soil. Soil magnetometry is well suited for rapid monitoring of pollution in urban areas due to its high sensitivity, ease of measurement, rapidity, high reproducibility of analysis, and low cost. This method allows obtaining large datasets with high resolution. The purpose of the study: spatial modeling of magnetic susceptibility and ecological-geochemical assessment of the top soil of Kudymkar city. The research area covers a section of the city with a total area of 32 km². Spatial modeling was carried out by the geostatistical method based on 51 soil samples. The background magnetic susceptibility of the soils of the city is 3–4 times higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the soils of the non-contaminated regional background. Soils with high and very high magnetic susceptibility occupy more than 30 % of the city area. Anomalous zones of soil magnetic pollution or magnetic “hot spots” formed near industrial facilities, heating boilers, on roadside soils with heavy traffic. A scale for the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of soils was developed on the centile analysis of the data. Strongly magnetic soils contain elevated concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Ni. The concentrations and names of pollutant metals in urban soils depend on the techno-geochemical specialization of cities. It can be recommended that the Environmental Services of cities use measurements of the magnetic susceptibility to monitor the ecological and geochemical state of soils and identify areas of city soils contaminated with heavy metals.

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Li, Guiyuan, Zhanneng Wu, Guo Cheng, Yixiong Yuan, Yu He e Hechi Wang. "Research on the Spatiotemporal Dynamic Relationship between Human Activity Intensity and Ecosystem Service Value in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area". Sustainability 15, n. 21 (26 ottobre 2023): 15322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115322.

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The Three Gorges Dam project and other human activities, including regional urbanization and industrialization, have had a substantial influence on the biological environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). They have changed the surface land use pattern, disrupted ecosystem structure and function, and influenced changes in the value of ecosystem services. The human activity intensity (HAI) assessment model, the ecosystem services value (ESV) assessment model, and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model were used based on the spatiotemporal evolution data of towns along the Yangtze River in the TGRA in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. At the same time, the spatiotemporal impact of the HAI on land use patterns was evaluated and the magnitude of the spatiotemporal influences on the ESV was investigated. The findings demonstrate the following: (1) The TGRA’s higher reaches are occupied by forested land, while the middle and lower portions are characterized by agricultural land. Land change in the reservoir region has mostly featured transitions between wooded land, agricultural land, grassland, and building land during the last 25 years. Because of differences in natural geography and administrative divisions, the intensity of human activity in the TGRA changes throughout the Yangtze River, with higher intensity in Chongqing and lower intensity in Hubei. By comparing the ESV and the HAI and validating with Moran scatter plots, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between the value of ecosystem services and the intensity of human activities. (2) The ESV rose from CNY 1017.16 × 108 in 1995 to CNY 1052.73 × 108 in 2020, suggesting that the policies of converting farmland back into forests, eliminating outdated production capacity, and developing green industries, among other ecological conservation measures, are effective. (3) In the research area, the effect coefficient of HAI on ESV ranges from −0.02 to −0.032 to −0.031. This coefficient represents the correlation between the HAI and ESV and can preliminarily judge the change in the degree of correlation between the HAI and ESV. The increase in HAI leads to a decrease in the value of ecosystem services, and there is a clear negative spatial correlation between the two. The low human activity area and low ecosystem service value area in the Chongqing section have been transformed into a high ecosystem service value area through years of returning farmland to forest and ecological management measures for sustainable development.

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Matsuska, O. V., O. P. Sukhorska e Ya M. Chaban. "Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the ecological state of surface waters of the Busk district". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, n. 89 (11 novembre 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8915.

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On the basis of the generalization and systematization of the results of the regime observations made by environmental monitoring services it has been made an ecological assessment of the water quality in the Ukrainian part of the Western Bug River basin (in six section lines of observation). It has been found, the largest source of mechanical contaminations, organic pollutants and nutrients in the Western Bug River is the river Poltva. That is why insufficiently treated waste water of Lviv increases the level of water pollution in this Basin. Main focus is concentrated on the river Western Bug and its stream tributary (the Poltva river), which significantly affects its ecological status. The data concerning pollution indicators for 2015–2018 years was analyzed. A comparison characteristics of the change of pollution of the investigated water objects is carried out in three lookout points: in the river Poltva before falling into the river Western Bug, in the river Western Bug (background area) the above-fall of the Poltva River, in the river Western Bug the below-fall of the Poltva River. Exceeding of the permitted values of most indicators was detected in 2017: suspended matters – 2.4 MPC, ammonium nitrogen – 8.7 MPC, phosphates – 8 MPC, low level of dissolved oxygen is observed, because of high content of organic matters. This situation is better in the basin of the Western Bug River in the sampled area in 2018. The water of the Poltva River is much cleaner in comparison to the previous year, containing up to 2.3 times less suspended substances, 5.1 times less phosphates and 1.3 times organic substances. In this year there is a significant improvement in the ecological state of the Western Bug River, after the falling into the Poltva River. The ecological state of water of these water basins depends on the efficiency of the treatment facilities, especially in Lviv. Municipal wastewater treatment facilities have undergone repair works over recent years in Lviv.

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Li, Pinjian, Jing Xue, Wei Xia e Tianhong Li. "Health Assessment of the Waterway from Chongqing to Yibin in the Upper Yangtze River, China". Water 14, n. 19 (24 settembre 2022): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193007.

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Ecological waterway construction and waterway health protection have become a trend and requirement of waterway development worldwide. How to assess the health status of a waterway is a fundamental concern for waterway sustainable development. This study established a comprehensive framework for health assessment of the waterway from Chongqing to Yibin in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, focusing on the coordinated development of river functions or services including navigation, flood discharge, sediment transport, water supply, self-purification, ecology, and recreation. This framework consists of a hierarchical indicator system, a weight determination method with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an assessment model considering cask short board effect, and a sensitive analysis method. The waterway health in this river section in the periods 2016–2017 and 2018–2020 were assessed. The results showed that the river functions of navigation, flood discharge, water supply, ecology, and recreation had improved, while sediment transport had deteriorated from “Fair” to “Poor”, and self-purification remained at “Excellent” condition. The overall health of the waterway from Chongqing to Yibin has improved but remained in a “Fair” state during 2016–2020, at roughly the same healthy state as the other three waterways in the middle, middle-lower, and lower reaches. The results are conducive to understanding the health status of the whole Yangtze River waterway. They can serve as an important reference for ecological protection and development of high quality in the Yangtze River basin.

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Elouattassi, Yassmine, Mohamed Ferioun, Naïma El Ghachtouli, Khalid Derraz e Fouad Rachidi. "Agroecological concepts and alternatives to the problems of contemporary agriculture: Monoculture and chemical fertilization in the context of climate change". Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) 117, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2023): 41–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jaeid-14672.

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The modernization of agriculture has transformed natural agrarian systems into other new conventional ones, making it possible to exponentially increase agricultural production. This leads to the destruction of ecological functions, and services, and has negative impacts on human health. This critical situation has given rise to a new model of agriculture called agroecology, which has emerged as a systemic approach that can understand the practices of traditional agricultural systems, as a scientific discipline that defines, classifies, and studies agrosystems from an ecological and socio-economic point of view. This paper explores the major problems of agriculture, including climate change, monoculture, and chemical fertilization at the local, regional and global scale. Equally, we defined the different concepts that bring together the agroecological approach. We based on agroecology as a scientific discipline, as a practice by defining the different agroecological practices and their scale of application, as well as the politico-economic aspect of this concept. Further, we have proposed the agroecological alternatives that can remedy the three problems recorded in the first section, based on several recent studies and research that can examine whether agroecological practices have positive results on monoculture, chemical fertilization, and climate changes. However, more advanced studies, using rigorous research design, such as case controls, longitudinal studies, and surveys in regions where agriculture is their main source of income, such as Morocco, are still needed. These investigations are suggested to fill the gap of data on such areas and fields of research.

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Vardanyan, Zhirayr, Gayane Nersisyan, Arkadiusz Przybysz, Marine Elbakidze, Hovik Sayadyan, Manik Grigoryan, Sergey Ktrakyan, Gorik Avetisyan e Nelli Muradyan. "Improvement in the Adaptation and Resilience of the Green Areas of Yerevan City to Climate–Ecological Challenges". Atmosphere 15, n. 4 (11 aprile 2024): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040473.

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The services provided by green infrastructures may lead to a decrease in climate-related ecological, social, and health risks, especially in the urban environment. Consequently, the best guarantee to make this environment as safe as possible is to increase the extent of green areas, taking into consideration the functional importance, and climatic–ecological peculiarities of the area. These are also issues for the Republic of Armenia’s (RA) capital Yerevan. There the current conditions of the green areas of Yerevan city do not meet the expected requirements of the climatic–ecological development of urban areas. The green area per capita is 8 m2, which is unevenly distributed within 12 different administrative districts of Yerevan city. The aim of this research was to study the natural climatic and ecological conditions of Yerevan city and the status of the green areas of the city. The eco-biological indicators of the trees and shrubs growing in Yerevan green areas have been assessed, and the more resilient plant species have been singled out. All 12 administrative districts of Yerevan have been mapped and the green area per capita for each administrative district has been calculated. The received data have been combined with health indicators and suggestions have been made to add green areas in Yerevan according to the functional significance and sustainability of shrubby species and to their decorative and phyto-filtration properties. The city has unfavorable climatic conditions. It is located in the northern section of the subtropical climatic zone and has a distinct dry continental climate. Temperatures above +40 °C are typical, while winter is rather cold and sometimes temperatures may drop below −20 °C (in January 2008, it dropped to −27.6 °C). The amount of atmospheric precipitation has reduced by 9%. The city is counted as one of the driest urban areas of the South Caucasus. The other unfavorable ecological conditions are heavy traffic, the city’s open landfill, the concentration of industrial enterprises, large-scale construction works, etc. The atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter (PM), gases and heavy metals have been detected to exceed the permitted limits. In terms of health care, the death cases due to various diseases (acute respiratory, vascular, and cancer) have increased, which requires complex activities to reduce environmental pollution and to improve the microclimate.

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Rianti, P., S. Arisanti e A. M. P. Sandika. "Wildlife diversity and ecology for sustainable eco-edutourism in Peramun Hill, Belitung, Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1271, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1271/1/012052.

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Abstract Peramun Hill, one of the sites in Belitong Geopark, Belitung Regency, has a unique land-cross section and is a sustainable tourism area, providing an ecosystem service to nature and local society. Therefore, carrying out wildlife diversity information can be the guideline for managing conservation and eco-edu tourism. This study aims to record wildlife biodiversity and its ecological function at Peramun Hill. We used the purposive sampling method and analyzed with richness index, diversity, Evenness, and Kruskal-Wallis’s test. We recorded 12 species of Pisces (fish), six species of amphibians, eight species of reptiles, 18 species of aves, and seven species of mammals. It includes the endemic mammalian species, Cephalophacus bancanus saltator, and a newly recorded reptile species, Cnemaspis purnamae. Two wildlife species are classified as data deficient, two are vulnerable, three are endangered, seven are critically endangered, and four are protected in Indonesia. These findings show that Peramun Hill has low species richness and is dominated by particular species in the entire habitat area. The various types of ecosystems in the area (primary, secondary, and agroforestry forest) might affect wildlife biodiversity. Therefore, biodiversity conservation must be managed, especially in ecosystem services such as sustainable tourism.

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Modeong, Indriati. "Prioritas Lingkungan dalam Model Bisnis Alternatif: Pendekatan Hukum dan Doughnut Economy". Media Iuris 7, n. 2 (27 giugno 2024): 267–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mi.v7i2.53749.

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The Donut Economy visualization emphasizes how important it is to balance social and ecological boundaries to ensure a safe and equitable space for everyone. This research aims to determine the benefits of the Donut Economy concept in prioritizing environmental health in alternative business models by reforming laws in Indonesia. This normative legal research uses a comparative approach. Comparisons were made between Indonesia and the Netherlands. The results of this research found that the Netherlands has succeeded in applying the Donut Economy concept to reorganize cities after the Covid-2019 pandemic, such as the City of Amsterdam. Although Indonesia has legislation on environmental priorities such as the Government Regulations Replacing the Law (Perpu) No. 2 of 2022 on the Creation of Work Section 22, the existing regulations are still not strong enough to emphasize the priorities of the environment for business operators in Indonesia. From that, it is expected that Indonesia will follow the strategy taken by the Netherlands in implementing the concept of the doughnut economy, which should focus on the creation of a circular economy and participate in initiatives such as sharing platforms, used goods stores, online markets, and repair services.

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Pan, Tianshi, Shibo Wang, Lijun Zuo e Qiang Liu. "Influence of Grain on Green Patterns and Their Underlying Surface Characteristics on Water Conservation: A Case Study in a Semiarid Area". Forests 14, n. 10 (9 ottobre 2023): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14102020.

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Water-conservation enhancement is a crucial objective of regional ecological restoration projects in arid and semiarid areas, and it is significantly influenced by land use/cover change (LUCC). The Grain for Green Project (GFGP) is a common strategy for ecological restoration. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the impact of reforestation patterns and the underlying surface characteristics on the effectiveness of GFGP in enhancing water conservation. In this study, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) scenario-based simulation was conducted to assess changes in water-conservation depth (WCD) in the Zhangjiakou section of the Guanting Reservoir basin. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and a mixed linear model were employed to determine the effects of different reforestation patterns and their underlying slope gradient and soil-type characteristics on WCD variation. The results showed that there were differences in the effect characteristics of reforestation patterns and different vegetation types on WCD changes; the effectiveness of increased water conservation is associated with the adaptation of reforestation plants to underlying characteristics. Returning farmland to evergreen forests was the most effective approach, leading to a relative increase in WCD that was 2.6 times greater than the relative increase in total WCD. WCD decreased with the slope gradient, with WCD decreasing by 0.2 mm for every 1° increase in slope. Converting grassland to evergreen forests on slopes greater than 16.19° and converting deciduous forests to grassland on slopes less than 16.19° would further increase WCD, promoting the synergistic development of ecosystem services. This study provides insights into the development of more efficient reforestation strategies to enhance water conservation in a complex terrain area.

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Jacobs-Palmer, Emily, Ramón Gallego, Ana Ramón-Laca, Emily Kunselman, Kelly Cribari, Micah Horwith e Ryan P. Kelly. "A halo of reduced dinoflagellate abundances in and around eelgrass beds". PeerJ 8 (7 aprile 2020): e8869. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8869.

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Seagrass beds provide a variety of ecosystem services, both within and outside the bounds of the habitat itself. Here we use environmental DNA (eDNA) amplicons to analyze a broad cross-section of taxa from ecological communities in and immediately surrounding eelgrass (Zostera marina). Sampling seawater along transects extending alongshore outward from eelgrass beds, we demonstrate that eDNA provides meter-scale resolution of communities in the field. We evaluate eDNA abundance indices for 13 major phylogenetic groups of marine and estuarine taxa along these transects, finding highly local changes linked with proximity to Z. marina for a diverse group of dinoflagellates, and for no other group of taxa. Eelgrass habitat is consistently associated with dramatic reductions in dinoflagellate abundance both within the contiguous beds and for at least 15 m outside, relative to nearby sites without eelgrass. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that eelgrass-associated communities have allelopathic effects on dinoflagellates, and that these effects can extend in a halo beyond the bounds of the contiguous beds. Because many dinoflagellates are capable of forming harmful algal blooms (HABs) toxic to humans and other animal species, the apparent salutary effect of eelgrass habitat on neighboring waters has important implications for public health as well as shellfish aquaculture and harvesting.

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Persaud, H., R. Thomas, P. Bholanath, T. Smartt e P. Watt. "OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE FALLOW PERIODS FOR SHIFTING CULTIVATION IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN GUYANA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W11 (14 febbraio 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w11-131-2020.

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Abstract. Shifting cultivation is an agricultural practice that is the basis of subsistence for the Indigenous population in Guyana and has impacted on a total forest area of 13,922ha to varying degrees of impact on forest carbon. Generally, within these communities, there are two types of shifting cultivation: pioneer and rotational. Pioneer shifting cultivation involves the cutting of primary forest and subsequent cropping and then abandonment. Rotational shifting cultivation involves revisiting areas on a rotational cycle. In Guyana, shifting cultivation is not included in the sustainable land use system since no work has been done to understand the rotational cycles. This study utilized an Object-based image analysis (OBIA) of time-series satellite data (Landsat TM5 and OLI) for the period 2004 to 2017 to determine the dynamics of land cover, time-series changes, and prevailing shifting cultivation cycle in the indigenous communities of Jawalla and Phillipai in the western section of Guyana. OBIA proved to be an efficient method for shifting cultivation and sustainable forest management analyses in Guyana. The findings of this study indicate that short fallows are associated with shifting cultivation in Guyana and the size of the patches cleared each year has been increasing. These trends have potential ecological and livelihood implications that can impact the flow of ecosystem services and the sustainability of livelihoods.

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Cao, Yongxiao, Xianglong Zhang, Huaibin Wei, Li Pan e Yanwei Sun. "Study on the Spatial–Temporal Variations and Driving Factors of Water Yield in the Yiluo River Basin". Water 16, n. 2 (9 gennaio 2024): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020223.

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Water yield (WY) is an significant characteristic that reflects ecosystem services. In order to realize high-quality development, it is vital to explore the spatial and temporal (ST) distribution of WY and its driving factors in the Yiluo River Basin (YLRB) to uphold ecological stability and advance long-term sustainable growth. This paper quantifies WY in the YLRB from 2010 to 2020 using the WY model in the InVEST toolkit. Exploring ST characteristics and driving factors at both the raster and sub-watershed levels, results indicate that the overall WY (average water depth) of the YLRB in 2010, 2015, and 2020 was 26.93 × 108 m3 (136.50 mm), 22.86 × 108 m3 (113.38 mm), and 26.81 × 108 m3 (137.61 mm), respectively. The spatial pattern of watershed WY remains consistent across various periods, illustrating spatial variation in the depth of low WY in the central and western regions and high WY depth in the eastern region. At the sub-watershed level, the Luo River (LR) Basin has the highest contribution (69%) to the WY of the entire basin and served as the principal WY region of the YLRB. Conversely, the Yiluo River section, formed after the confluence of the Yi River (YR) and the LR, has the lowest WY contribution (7%) in the entire watershed. Distinct variations exist in the WY capacity among various land use (LU) types. Construction land (CSL) and unused land (UL) exhibited the highest WY capacity (315.16 mm and 241.47 mm), whereas water area (WA) had the lowest (0.01 mm). WY was significantly positively correlated with slope, precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, percentage of cultivated land, and NDVI. It showed a significant negative correlation with altitude, WA, and population density. This study helps promote the research and development of watershed ecosystem services. It also provides scientific support resolving conflicts between watershed protection and economic development and promoting harmony in the YLRB.

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Gupta, Kshitiz, e Sumeet Gupta. "Forestry in Austria [Ã–sterreich]â€“ Supply Chain and Economic situation of small-scale Mountain Regions". Journal of Global Economy 14, n. 3 (8 novembre 2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v14i3.503.

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Introduction Forests play a substantial role in ecological environmental development. Austria is a mountainous and highly developed central Western European country with a landscaping dominated by Alps and forests. The forest area is nearly half (48%) of the full total section of the country which percentage is growing (Fachzeitschrift LÃ¤ndlicher Raum, Austrian government). Small level family still dominates the range, although the importance of the primary sector is declining, it is relevant to the management of the landscaping and the ecosystem. In Austria, almost all the farms are family held however in the context of the paper, private farms are also considered irrespective of the house size and activities. In Austria, around 50% of the forest area belongs to private holdings. Holdings significantly less than 50 ha accounts for 32% (Fachzeitschrift LÃ¤ndlicher Raum, Austrian government), the task is to increase services when coping with private small-scale forestry. Whereas holdings bigger than 500 ha show a usage rate of 104.9% of the increment (Timber production), the utilization for holdings below 200 ha amounted to only 72% of the increment (Fachzeitschrift LÃ¤ndlicher Raum, Austrian government). Demographic and monetary improvements increase deforestation threatens the ecosystems routine. Hence, UN Sustainable Development Goal 15, goals 15.1 and 15.4, which list forest area as a percentage of total land area and the conservation of ecosystems are goals in forestry that play a s stringent role in Austria, especially in rural, mountainous areas.

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