Tesi: "Ecological and cognitive approach"

1

Webster, Hayley Monique, e n/a. "An Ecological Approach to the Prevention of Anxiety Disorders during Childhood". Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030807.105928.

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Research shows that anxiety disorders are common and problematic in children. Treatment studies demonstrate that cognitive-behavioural interventions for children can successfully minimise these problems. Further, when implemented as early intervention or prevention programs, these interventions can prevent the onset of anxiety problems in 7 to 14 year olds and reduce existing levels of anxiety. This type of preventive approach has enormous potential for improving community mental health in a low cost model of service delivery. Yet, to develop this as a viable service model, these programs need to be evaluated under 'real world' conditions as opposed to specialist university clinical teams. In this research, the long-term effectiveness of an ecological model of the prevention of anxiety disorders for children was conducted. In the first study, teachers (N = 17) were trained intensively in the principles of anxiety and the FRIENDS anxiety prevention program (Barrett, Lowry-Webster & Holmes, 1999). Measures were taken of the PROXIMAL effects of training on the knowledge and self-efficacy of participating teachers at two points in time. Compared to teachers in a control group (N= 17) and a group comprised of psychologists regarded as experts in the FRIENDS anxiety program (N= 22), trained teachers demonstrated significant increases in the levels of knowledge and self-efficacy at time two. These increases approached levels exhibited by experts in terms of knowledge, and were not significantly different from experts in their levels of self-efficacy to implement the FRIENDS program following training. This study also explored the quality or fidelity of program implementation by these trained teachers (INTERMEDIATE EFFECTS). Results demonstrated that trained teachers implemented the program with high levels of integrity in accordance with the FRIENDS intervention manual. The second study sought to investigate the outcomes for participating children in terms of actually preventing and reducing existing levels of anxiety. Also of interest was the impact this intervention had on levels of depression. Participants were 594 children aged 10-13 years from 7 schools in Brisbane Australia. Children, and parents reported on children's social, emotional and behavioural characteristics at three-assessment points over 12 months. Results were examined universally (for all children) and for children who scored above the clinical cut-off for anxiety at pre-test. Results revealed that children in the FRIENDS intervention group reported fewer anxiety symptoms regardless of their risk status at posttest. In terms of reported levels of depression, only the high anxiety group who completed the FRIENDS intervention evidenced significant improvements at posttest. The results indicated that intervention gains were maintained over a period of 12 months, as measured by self-reports and diagnostic interviews. Moreover, evidence of a prevention effect was also demonstrated, with a significantly greater percentage of children in the control group progressed to "at risk" or "remained at risk" compared to children in the intervention group. Additionally, 85% of children in the intervention group who were scoring above the clinical cut-off for anxiety and depression were diagnosis free in the intervention condition at 12-month follow-up, compared to only 31.2% of children in the control group. Implications of these findings are examined, alongside limitations of the study and directions for future research.

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Webster, Hayley Monique. "An Ecological Approach to the Prevention of Anxiety Disorders during Childhood". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365682.

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Research shows that anxiety disorders are common and problematic in children. Treatment studies demonstrate that cognitive-behavioural interventions for children can successfully minimise these problems. Further, when implemented as early intervention or prevention programs, these interventions can prevent the onset of anxiety problems in 7 to 14 year olds and reduce existing levels of anxiety. This type of preventive approach has enormous potential for improving community mental health in a low cost model of service delivery. Yet, to develop this as a viable service model, these programs need to be evaluated under 'real world' conditions as opposed to specialist university clinical teams. In this research, the long-term effectiveness of an ecological model of the prevention of anxiety disorders for children was conducted. In the first study, teachers (N = 17) were trained intensively in the principles of anxiety and the FRIENDS anxiety prevention program (Barrett, Lowry-Webster & Holmes, 1999). Measures were taken of the PROXIMAL effects of training on the knowledge and self-efficacy of participating teachers at two points in time. Compared to teachers in a control group (N= 17) and a group comprised of psychologists regarded as experts in the FRIENDS anxiety program (N= 22), trained teachers demonstrated significant increases in the levels of knowledge and self-efficacy at time two. These increases approached levels exhibited by experts in terms of knowledge, and were not significantly different from experts in their levels of self-efficacy to implement the FRIENDS program following training. This study also explored the quality or fidelity of program implementation by these trained teachers (INTERMEDIATE EFFECTS). Results demonstrated that trained teachers implemented the program with high levels of integrity in accordance with the FRIENDS intervention manual. The second study sought to investigate the outcomes for participating children in terms of actually preventing and reducing existing levels of anxiety. Also of interest was the impact this intervention had on levels of depression. Participants were 594 children aged 10-13 years from 7 schools in Brisbane Australia. Children, and parents reported on children's social, emotional and behavioural characteristics at three-assessment points over 12 months. Results were examined universally (for all children) and for children who scored above the clinical cut-off for anxiety at pre-test. Results revealed that children in the FRIENDS intervention group reported fewer anxiety symptoms regardless of their risk status at posttest. In terms of reported levels of depression, only the high anxiety group who completed the FRIENDS intervention evidenced significant improvements at posttest. The results indicated that intervention gains were maintained over a period of 12 months, as measured by self-reports and diagnostic interviews. Moreover, evidence of a prevention effect was also demonstrated, with a significantly greater percentage of children in the control group progressed to "at risk" or "remained at risk" compared to children in the intervention group. Additionally, 85% of children in the intervention group who were scoring above the clinical cut-off for anxiety and depression were diagnosis free in the intervention condition at 12-month follow-up, compared to only 31.2% of children in the control group. Implications of these findings are examined, alongside limitations of the study and directions for future research.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
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Hill, Kimberley M. "Understanding drinking behaviour : affordances and an ecological approach to cognition". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2014. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/2d2380a9-6c2a-44bc-afac-f0d3a5d7bc1d/1/.

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Alcohol misuse is a public health concern. Many social cognition models explain drinking behaviour using a limited representational model of cognition. Gibson’s Ecological approach does not require representation. Meaning exists at the interplay of brain, body and environment in terms of affordances. Contemporary ideas about Ecological psychology and affordances could be used to understand how individual-environment relations extend and constrain opportunities for consuming alcohol. This research programme comprised three studies: i. Affordances for Drinking Behaviour: A Non-Participant Observation Study in Licensed Premises. A functional, affordance-based approach was used to identify the array of affordances, or action opportunities, observed to be relevant to alcohol consumption in seven UK licensed premises. This study illustrated the normative and functional qualities of these drinking environments for drinking behaviour from the perspective of an independent observer. ii. Individual Perceptions of Alcohol-Related Affordances: Photo- Elicitation Interviews and Phenomenology. Twelve students viewed fifty photographs of a range of licensed premises, describing the function that occurrences had for their drinking behaviour. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis provided an insight into first-person drinking experiences, supporting the alcohol-related affordances identified by the first study and providing an insight into why these were taken up by participants. iii. Alcohol-Related Affordances and Group Subjectivities: A Q- Methodology Approach. 40 students participated in a Q-Methodology study which combined statements from the previous two studies. Four patterns of subjectivity were uncovered. Most participants were aware of alcohol-related affordances, but believed their drinking behaviour to be autonomous. Others were conscious of influences, but compliant to these effects. Some were unaware, acting unanimously with the group, while others were concerned with carrying out behaviour considerate for the context. The findings of this research programme have implications for psychology and, as a global theory of behaviour, provide a more robust theoretical perspective on behavioural determinants for a range of health behaviours.

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Silva, Silvia Leticia da. "O efeito da experiência, do conhecimento e da habilidade na tomada de decisão do passe do futsal a partir das relações interpessoais angulares". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-02022015-074627/.

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A tomada de decisão diz respeito a um componente essencial para o desempenho de inúmeras habilidades motoras, principalmente aquelas que envolvem julgamentos e escolhas. Duas correntes teóricas se destacam nesse âmbito: uma, com foco nos níveis de experiência e conhecimento dos indivíduos e, outra, na percepção de variáveis físicas que refletem a coordenação interpessoal. No presente estudo ambas foram consideradas conjuntamente. Investigou-se como indivíduos de diferentes níveis de experiência, conhecimento e habilidade decidiam sobre o passe de bola com base em relações interpessoais angulares. Ângulo foi escolhido como variável coletiva em razão de capturar as relações interpessoais em situações de passes e interceptação de passes. Foram filmados dois jogos de futsal com jogadores experientes e inexperientes entre 13 e 14 anos de idade. As relações interpessoais angulares foram compostas por: ângulo A, interação de vetores ligando o portador da bola com seu marcador e seu companheiro de time; e, ângulo B, interação de vetores ligando o portador da bola com seu companheiro de time e o marcador dele. Essas relações angulares também foram consideradas em relação à taxa de mudança com base em velocidade e variabilidade. Todas as medidas foram calculadas com base nos deslocamentos dos jogadores adquiridos por meio do software TACTO, em relação às coordenadas x e y, numa frequência de 25 Hz. Os dados foram analisados através do teste U de Mann-Whitney, considerando-se o nível de significância de p<=0,05. Os resultados obtidos referentes aos níveis de experiência e de conhecimento não revelaram diferenças significativas em nenhuma das variáveis angulares. Já com relação ao nível de habilidade, diferenças significativas foram encontradas somente para a velocidade angular (B). No que diz respeito à efetividade do passe, os resultados revelaram que independente dos níveis de experiência, conhecimento e habilidade, os passes efetivos foram realizados com base no ângulo (B). Os resultados permitem concluir que os jogadores, independente dos níveis de experiência e de conhecimento, utilizaram as mesmas relações interpessoais angulares para realização do passe, e que o ângulo (B) foi aquele que influenciou na eficiência do passe
The decision-making is an essential component for the performance of a number of motor skills, meanly for those that involve judgments and choices. Two theoretical perspectives highlight in this context: one focusing on the levels of experience and knowledge of individuals, and another, on the perception of physical variables that reflect the interaction between individuals and their environments. In the present study both of them were considered together. We investigated how individuals with different levels of experience, knowledge and skill decided on the pass of the ball based on angular interpersonal interactions. The angle was chosen as collective variable due it be able to capture the interpersonal relationships in situations of passing and intercepting of passing. Two futsal games were filmed with experienced and inexperienced players between 13 and 14 years old. The angular interpersonal relationships were: angle A, passing vector angle to the ball carriernearest defender\'s vector; and angle B, vector angle to the ball carrier-teammate\'s nearest defender\'s vector. These angular relationships were also considered in relation to their rate of change based on velocity and variability. All measures were calculated based on the displacements of the players relative to the x and y coordinates, which were acquired through the TACTO software in a frequency of 25 Hz. The data have been analysed by the U teste of Mann-Whitney considering the level of significance p<=0.05. The results obtained related to the levels of experience and knowledge haven´t revealed significant differences in none of the angular variables. But considering the level of skill, significant differences have been found only towards the angular velocity (B). Regarding the effectiveness of the pass the results showed that despite the levels of experience, knowledge and skill, the effective pass been carried out based on angle (B). The results allow concluding that players, regardless of level of experience and knowledge, used the same angular interpersonal relationships for performing the pass. In addition, that the efficiency of passing was influenced by the angle (B)

5

Padrão, Gonçalo. "Towards an ecological approach to understanding the neurophysiological bases of human error-monitoring". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283999.

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To err is certainly human. Detect and correct our errors are fundamental during our interaction with the outside world. Therefore, understanding the nature of the brain mechanisms involved in the flexible evaluation of human action and the adaptive changes that follow behavioral imperceptions is a basic goal of modern cognitive neuroscience. The study of the brain mechanisms of error-monitoring has advanced enormously during the last two decades, mostly due to the discovery of specific electrophysiological signals and neural networks that are sensitive to error commission, but also to conflicting, unexpected and undesired events, all requiring the implementation of cognitive control processes in order to optimize performance. Neuroimaging studies, for instance, have associated error-monitoring with the activity of a widespread network of brain regions, wherein the medial prefrontal cortex is a key neural hub for regulative aspects of action monitoring and cognitive control. Electrophysiological studies have also identified a family of negative ERP signals in medial-frontal regions which appear to be mainly orchestrated by neural oscillatory theta activity. This field has provided the grounding for a very interesting research program regarding high-order cognitive control, decision-making and learning processes. It is worth mentioning, though, that most of this research program has been mainly focus on the examination of action slips in fairly simple force-choice reaction time paradigms. In these contexts errors reflect no deliberated actions caused by perceptual or attentional lapses. However, in real life situations error forms are so widespread and its causes so diverse that a crucial challenge for cognitive neuroscientists concerns the development of methods and paradigms that allow the study of the neural bases of error-monitoring in broad ecological contexts that reproduce the complexity of everyday life situations in which humans are likely to commit errors. The present dissertation aims at providing new alternatives and contributions regarding this issue by addressing novel questions, developing new toolkits and bringing new ideas to study well described neural dynamics of error-monitoring in more extended and ecological contexts in which humans interact. Throughout this research I have combined electrophysiological tools, fundamentally event-related potentials (ERPs) and time-frequency analysis, with novel experimental paradigms in order to provide answers to questions that all over these years have remained elusive and difficult to address experimentally. This Thesis is composed by four studies which taking together put forward for consideration several ideas. First, there is a substantial amount of visual inputs that are processed outside the focus of overt attention, and not available for conscious access, that still activates mechanisms in medial prefrontal control networks related to conscious and attentional processes. Neural theta oscillatory activity may stand as a neurobiological mechanism by which the medial-frontal networks monitor and regulate inappropriate actions that are automatically triggered by environmental information to which we remain oblivious. Second, practice leads to functional changes in neurophysiological signatures associated with error-monitoring and error-awareness processes, which are crucial during the acquisition of new motor skills and learning. Third, self-generated errors and errors related to agency violations are evaluated by distinct neural networks. The medial-frontal cortex is crucial for the evaluation of the correctness of ones actions while the parietal cortex seems to be more involved in providing a coherent sense of the agency, or sense of control, over ones actions. Finally, different thresholds of error-tolerance in humans are related to different decisional processes and distinct patterns of cortical activity during the monitoring of redundant error feedback information in contexts involving rule-based decisions. These differences may reflect the externalization of distinctive cognitive schemas and standards of self-reinforcement to cope with errorful information in contexts requiring complex decision-making processes. I believe that the findings forward in this dissertation are important to validate current neurophysiological evidences and theories regarding human error processing and cognitive control processes and may offer a great contribution to understand the extent and depth to which the human error-monitoring system can be studied extended and ecological contexts.
El estudio de los mecanismos cerebrales implicados en el procesamiento de los errores ha avanzado enormemente en las últimas dos décadas debido al descubrimiento de señales electrofisiológicas específicas y redes neuronales sensibles a la comisión de errores, pero también a eventos conflictivos o no deseados, que requieren la implementación de conductas compensatorias y procesos de control cognitivo con el fin de optimizar el rendimiento. Estudios de neuroimagen y electrofisiológicos han revelado que la detección de errores está asociada a la actividad de una amplia red de regiones cerebrales, en que se destaca la corteza medial prefrontal, que son coordenados por actividad neuronal oscilatoria de baja frecuencia en theta. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de esta investigación se ha centrado en la exploración de errores en tareas de tiempo de reacción que requieren acciones bastante simples. Pero en la vida real los errores tienen varias formas y sus causas pueden ser tan diversas que es vital el desarrollo de paradigmas más ecológicos que reproduzcan la complejidad de la vida cotidiana en la que los seres humanos son propensos a cometer errores. La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevas alternativas y contribuciones con respecto a este tema, abordando nuevas cuestiones y desarrollando nuevos paradigmas para estudiar la compleja dinámica de los mecanismos cerebrales relacionados con la monitorización de errores y la consecuente implementación de acciones adaptativas en contextos más ecológicos y generales que abarquen la complejidad de nuestras interacciones con el ambiente. A lo largo de esta investigación he combinado herramientas clásicas en neurociencia cognitiva de electrofisiología, PEs y análisis tiempo-frecuencia, con nuevos paradigmas experimentales con el fin de dar respuestas a algunas preguntas que en todos estos años han permanecido esquivos y difíciles de abordar experimentalmente. Esta tesis está compuesta por cuatro estudios que en conjunto aportaran nuevas ideas hasta el momento intangibles. En primer lugar, hay una cantidad sustancial de información procesada fuera de nuestro foco atencional y no disponible a nuestra consciencia, que influencia nuestras acciones y, consecuentemente, puede activar mecanismos de la corteza medial prefrontal tradicionalmente relacionados con procesos conscientes de control. En segundo lugar, el entrenamiento conduce a cambios funcionales en mecanismos neurofisiológicos asociados a la monitorización automática de errores y procesos inherentes a la evaluación consciente de errores, funciones cerebrales cruciales en la adquisición de nuevas habilidades motoras y del aprendizaje. En tercer lugar, errores autogenerados y errores relacionados con disfunciones en el control de agencia de nuestras acciones son evaluadas por redes neuronales distintas. Por último, diferentes umbrales de tolerancia al error en los seres humanos están relacionados con diferentes procesos de toma de decisiones y distintos patrones de actividad cortical relacionados con la evaluación de resultados negativos informativos sobre el resultado de nuestro desempeño. Estas diferencias pueden expresar la externalización de distintos esquemas cognitivos y normas de auto-refuerzo en contextos que requieren procesos de toma de decisiones complejas. Las ideas presentadas en esta tesis son importantes para validar pruebas neurofisiológicas actuales y teorías sobre el procesamiento de errores y adyacentes procesos de control cognitivo. Además ofrecen una gran contribución para futura investigación en la medida en que permiten comprender el alcance y la profundidad con la cual los sistemas cerebrales implicados en la monitorización de nuestras acciones pueden estudiarse de una forma más ecológica.

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Headrick, Jonathon Jeffs. "Affective learning design: A principled approach to emotion in learning". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89755/1/Jonathon_Headrick_Thesis.pdf.

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This PhD project set out to explore the role of emotion during learning in sport, focusing on how actions, emotions and cognitions interact under the influence of constraints. Key outcomes include the development of the theoretical concept - Affective Learning Design, and a new tool for assessing the intensity of emotions during learning - the Sport Learning and Emotions Questionnaire. The findings presented in this thesis provide both theoretical and practical implications discussing why emotion should be considered in the design of learning environments in sport.

7

Prashant, Arvind pala. "Approche ecologique de l’’evaluation de la memoire episodique dans le vieillissement normal et les neuropathologies". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22121/document.

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A ce jour, nous savons peu de choses sur la manière dont la mémoire épisodique quotidienne, visuellement riche et complexe en termes d’éléments contextuels, est affectée par le vieillissement normal contrairement aux connaissances acquises dans le domaine du vieillissement sur la mémoire épisodique verbale ou visuelle au moyens des tests traditionnels ou des procédures de laboratoire comme le paradigme de rappel libres multi-essais (e.g., utilisé par le California Verbal Learning Test). La présente thèse s’est par conséquent attachée à implémenter ce paradigme traditionnel de rappels libres multi-essais d’évaluation de la mémoire épisodique au sein d’un dispositif RV simulant une visite dans un appartement, le HOMES test (Human Objet Memory of Everyday Scenes test). Cette procédure permet de dériver des indices d’apprentissage, de catégorisation, d’interférence proactive, de bénéfice de la reconnaissance comparée au rappel libre, et de fausses reconnaissances. A cela, nous nous sommes intéressés aux relations entre la mémoire quotidienne et l’action à travers l’effet denavigation active.A l’aide d’études comparatives, nous avons retrouvé le profil mnésique classiquement observé avec le test « papier-crayon », excepté pour l’interférence proactive qui n’est pas observée comme augmentée chez les participants âgés. En effet, des scores de rappel réduits,un bénéfice accru de la reconnaissance, une sensibilité augmentée aux fausses reconnaissances, et des capacités de regroupements sémantiques sont obtenus. Chez les jeunes adultes avec traumatisme crânien (étude 1), un profil identique est observé alors qu’un profil bien différent est obtenu auprès des patients avec maladie Alzheimer (étude 2) avec notamment un tableau associant des déficits plus marqués et des capacités de catégorisation altérées. Les études 3 et 4 adressant l’effet de navigation active chez le sujet jeune et âgé, ont mis en évidence un effet bénéfique de la navigation active sur la reconnaissance chez les deux groupes de sujets. Par contre, la navigation active diminuait les fausses reconnaissances des jeunes mais augmentait celles des âgés. Nous discutons les résultats de ces études sur la mémoire quotidienne à travers les hypothèses de déficit-item spécifique et du déclin fronto-exécutif du vieillissement normal
To this day, very little is known about the way aging affects everyday episodic memory, which is a visually and contextually rich and complex memory. However, episodic memory is traditionally assessed using verbal tasks which are lacking such complexity. One of them, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) uses the multi-trial free recall paradigm that we also implemented in the Human Object Memory of Everyday Scenes test using virtual reality to simulate a visit in an apartment (the HOMES test).This procedure allowed us to assess multiple memory processes such as learning, semantic clustering, proactive interference, recall versus recognition, and false recognitions. We also wanted to investigate the relationship between everyday memory and action through active navigation and its effects on each of these processes. We showed the typical profile of older adults usually obsereved using traditional paper-pencil tests on most of the memory indices except for proactive interference, which was not increased. In fact, older adults showed a reduced free recall performance despite a preserved learning ability across trials, a benefit from recognition but also a higher susceptibility to false recognitions. TBI patients (study 1) showed a profile similar to that of older adults, but patients with Alzheimer disease were impaired on all of the HOMES indices (study 2). Studies 3 and 4 examined the beneficial effect of active navigation in younger and older adults’ everyday memory and showed that that recognition was the measure that benefited the most in both age groups. In contrast, older adults while active navigation decreased false recognitions in younger adults, it actually increased false recognitions in older adults. Our results on everyday memory are discussed in terms of item-specific deficit and executive deficit hypotheses in normal aging

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Amdahl, Per, e Per Chaikiat. "Personas as Drivers : - an alternative approach for creating scenarios for ADAS evaluation". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8621.

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Research and development on vehicle safety has lately started to direct its focus towards how to actively support the driver and make it easier for her to drive safely through letting Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have effect on how the driver interacts with the vehicle and the surrounding traffic. This requires research on both how the driver and vehicle perform in different situations, in terms of psychology, cognition and individual differences. In addition, physical limitations and requirements of the driver and the vehicle must be taken into account. Therefore scenarios for evaluation of these systems are required. In the area of user-centered design a rather new method, Personas, is being adopted. This thesis tries to explore if the Persona method is a viable tool for creating scenarios for such evaluations. Experiences after completing this work imply that personas indeed is a viable way to include aspects and raise issues concerning individual variability and situational context in ADAS scenarios.

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Lascoutx, Ruiz Alfredo. "A Politico-Ecological Approach of Transitional Spaces In Social Ecological Systems". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41987.

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As spatial properties that systems theoretically have, Socio-Ecological Systems are characterized by dynamism and mobility, therefore, are subject to changes in the space they occupy in the biosphere. In land ecosystems, these changes are understood as processes of evolution over time, or the result of extreme natural events, or transformation of the natural space induced by human activities. These spatial changes produce effects on the land surface and groundwater of ecosystems colonized or penetrated by elements, individuals or populations belonging to other ecosystems. These are the so-called Transitional Spaces between ecosystems. Throughout the continuous geographical space, these spatial transitions affect human and not human ecosystems in different ways. Given their ambiguous characteristics and their indefinite temporal location between urban, rural or natural spaces, transition spaces deserve to be investigated in order to know their properties and functions within the cartography that represents complex socio-ecological systems. The research is conducted from a particular perspective of Political Ecology. For this I proceed to develop an epistemological exercise on the political ecology syntagma in order to approach its concept and object of study as a hybrid discipline between social sciences and natural sciences. Interdisciplinarity as a practice, a dialectic vision regarding anthropocentrism, environmental perception as a method for an ontology of human ecology, The ecosystem as a unit of spatial analysis. These would be some of the characteristics of my ecological-political perspective. But what does transitional space mean for political ecology and what does it add to its theory? The question led me to seek the integral concept of ecosystem and to support myself in the General Systems Theory to analyze the notions of boundary and external environment as part of the classic concept of system. At that point, the notion of transitional spaces emerges implicit when recognizing the dynamic spatiality of other existing systems. v Since the research is not linear but interdisciplinary and convergent, a brief anthology of geographic and socio-spatial political thought is presented in order to connect the issue of transitional spaces with the point of view of the social sciences. Various socio-geographical, deterministic, anthropocentric, Darwinian, Marxist, modernist theories give an overview of the issues related to space and nature. With the emergence of the spatial turn, new concerns for political sociology, geography and environmental sciences are explained by the phenomenon of urban growth at the global level. In the same way, I introduce the topic of ecological spaces, specifically the concept of Ecotone, the space of transition between diverse natural ecosystems. The use of the notion of ecotone is based precisely on the perspective of the concept of political ecology developed previously. This, in turn, will allow me to introduce the FLACAM methodology into the research, which among its components has the virtue of identifying and analyzing the spatial phenomenon of physical and social Interfaces, that is, spaces of transition within human ecosystems. Several graphics and charts show the potential properties and functions of different kind of existing interfaces and ecotones. My proposal converges in using these concepts as planning tools for transitional spaces identified as Rurban Regions and metropolitan areas. A final reflection on the need for spatial research on global urban expansion and the theoretical and pragmatic advantages of the concept of intermediate cities closes the main body of the investigation.

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Atherton, J. Alan. "Supporting remote manipulation : an ecological approach /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3145.pdf.

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Atherton, John A. "Supporting Remote Manipulation: An Ecological Approach". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1895.

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User interfaces for remote robotic manipulation widely lack sufficient support for situation awareness and, consequently, can induce high mental workload. With poor situation awareness, operators may fail to notice task-relevant features in the environment often leading the robot to collide with the environment. With high workload, operators may not perform well over long periods of time and may feel stressed. We present an ecological visualization that improves operator situation awareness. Our user study shows that operators using the ecological interface collided with the environment on average half as many times compared with a typical interface, even with a poorly calibrated 3D sensor; however, users performed more quickly with the typical interface. The primary benefit of the user study is identifying several changes to the design of the user interface; preliminary results indicate that these changes improve the usability of the manipulator.

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VandenBerghe, Rose A. "Ecological narcissism and the denial of death". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614288.

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This theoretical dissertation uses a hermeneutic methodology to weave together three strands--ecopsychology, narcissism, and death denial--to explore ecological narcissism, defined as the tendency of humans in technologically advanced cultures to be so self-absorbed as to be unable to see anything in nature except objects that might satisfy their own needs. The study responds to 3 research questions: How is ecological narcissism related to the denial of death? Does ecological narcissism, with its denial of death, play a role in our destruction of the environment? And, how might we mitigate ecological narcissism and renew a more life-sustaining attitude towards death? It posits that beneath the confident, manic façade of modern cultures lurks fear of death masquerading as death denial. Ecological narcissism co-arises with this fear as the offspring of human belief in separation from nature. The study examines the theories developed by Berman, Hillman, and Shepard to account for how humanity has come to feel separate from nature. It proposes that ecological narcissism and death denial support us in perceiving nonhuman created environments as a collection of objects devoid of the sentience and subjectivity credited to humans. Such a perceptual orientation is interested in the answer to only one question: Do these objects (which might include elephants, oaks, and oceans) help further human life? If so, we feel free to use them, and if not, we feel free to destroy them. A final conclusion of this study is that one way in which humans might move towards a more life-sustaining attitude towards nature and death is through an increase in direct experience of wilderness "out there" and "in here" (within one's psyche). Practitioners of depth psychotherapy therefore have an opportunity to support a welcoming attitude towards wild forces within and beyond us, which in turn may support a cultural transition from the prevailing attitude of narcissistic entitlement to a maturity recognizing human relationship with all nature.

13

Smart, Brent Maxwell. "Perception without processing : J.J. Gibson's ecological approach". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28283.

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The ecological movement in the psychology of perception, founded by James J. Gibson, hold that traditional approaches to perception are based upon certain fundamental mistakes. The chief one, ecological theorists claim, is that perceptual information pickup consists of the application of certain cognitive processes to sensory input which is not specific to features of organisms' environment. Gibson's fundamental claim is that perception does not require the processing of some form of sensory input. In this sense, the ecological approach is said to be a theory of direct perception. An important debate over the Gibsonian view concerns the question of whether or not perceptual information pickup without cognitive processing is a coherent notion. Among the more recent writers who claim that the ecological view will not work as it stands are Jerry A. Fodor and Zenon W. Pylyshyn. They claim, essentially, that Gibson's approach has no means for accounting for intentionality. Fodor and Pylyshyn are answered by four prominent Gibsonians who claim such criticisms are utterly baseless. These ecological theorists, Michael Turvey, Robert Shaw, Edward Reed, and William Mace endeavour to show how their approach can indeed account for intentionality. This debate between Fodor and Pylyshyn on the one hand, and Turvey, Shaw, Reed, arid Mace on the other is a perfect example of the kinds of misunderstandings that have arisen between Gibsonians and proponents of traditional view. In this thesis, I supply a detailed description of Gibson's model as it relates to the issue of how intentionality could survive perception without processing. Fodor and Pylyshyn's understanding and assessment of the Gibsonian position will then be examined. Although these defenders of traditional views have, some important concerns,.they also seem not to have a proper grasp of some Gibsonian concepts. In particular, Fodor arid Pylyshyn have an unsatisfactory grasp of the notion of an invariant. There are more serious misunderstandings evident in the response to Fodor arid Pylyshyn given by Turvey et al. I point out that these ecological theorists have difficulties with philosophical terms and theories they employ in defense of Gibson. As a result of evident confusions over notions of intension, extension, and property, arid confusions over the nature of Fred I. Dretske's theory of natural laws and Hillary Putnam's theory of natural kinds, Turvey et al do not manage to show how Gibson's approach could account for intensionality. I conclude by suggesting that the ecological approach nevertheless is compatible with the idea, of analyzing perceptual information pickup in terms of behaviour, or dispositions to behave. On such an interpretation, the ecological approach is similar in many important respects to the D.M. Armstrong's philosophical theory of perception. The comparison provides ecological theorists with a precedent as well as philosophical model to consult in order to better, understand the philosophical language and terminology. On the other hand, the comparison with Armstrong provides philosophers of perception with a means for approaching Gibson's view and the problems with which it will he confronted.
Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate

14

Scott, Jennifer. "Transition to ecological agriculture, a collaborative approach". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36373.pdf.

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15

Yates-Sabren, Karen Tracy. "Understanding good ecological status : a palaeolimnological approach". Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5811.

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The current study uses multiproxy palaeolimnological analysis of sediment cores to reconstruct the long-term (10² to 10³ years) nutrient status of Upper Talley and Llyn Pencarreg, two closely adjacent, moderately nutrient-enriched lakes in Carmarthenshire, South Wales. The use of diatoms, Pediastrum and ephippia allows for the analysis of changes in ecosystem dynamics in response to nutrient enrichment, whilst pollen, charcoal analysis and archaeology enables the degree to which limnological change was driven by human impact to be examined. Reconstruction of long-term ecosystem status shows that despite the similarity of environmental parameters, Upper Talley and Llyn Pencarreg are very different lakes. Upper Talley (max. depth; 4m) demonstrates constant fluctuations in ecosystem dynamics, typical of shallow lakes with a high sensitivity to environmental change, whilst Llyn Pencarreg (max. depth 1 Om) illustrates a high degree of stability with gradual changes in limnological status that are indicative of deeper lakes with fewer functional groups. Within the context of the EUWFD's aim to restore lakes to good ecological status, the results indicate the need for a more detailed methodology that accounts for the complexity of long-term ecosystem dynamics in response to human impact, examines changes at different levels of the food chain using a range of proxy indicators and locates realistic baseline states based on individual lake ecology of pre-impact conditions. In this respect the ultimate aim of restoring lakes to good ecological status in a range of lake types is more likely to be achieved.

16

Zingraff-Hamed, Aude. "Urban river restauration : a socio-ecological approach". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR1803/document.

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Les rivières sont un réservoir biologique et source de développement pour les sociétés humaines. À cause de l’étroite relation entre les Hommes et les écosystèmes fluviaux, elles furent identifiées comme un système socio-écologique. Hors, il s’effondre suite à l’exploitation intensive des services écosystémiques, à l’urbanisation croissante, et à la gestion de la ressource en eau priorisant la protection des biens, des usages et des personnes aux formes et fonctions des écosystèmes. Ces cinquante dernières années furent marquées par de nombreuses actions de restauration réalisées pour rétablir la qualité écologique et sociale des rivières. En Europe, la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau ratifiée en 2000 organise l’effort européen de restauration et demande l’atteinte du bon état ou potentiel écologique de toutes les masses d’eau des pays membres. Les rivières urbaines sont fortement affectées par l’impact anthropique mais leur restauration est particulièrement difficile. Alors que la science de la restauration évolue par les expériences passées, peu de connaissance existent sur les pratiques urbaines. Cette étude a pour objectif (1) d’identifier les différentes pratiques de la restauration et leurs forces motrices en mettant en avant les particularités des restaurations en milieu urbain. Et (2) d’évaluer les conflits au sein du système socio-écologique, notamment entre protection environnementale et usage récréatif et productif
Rivers are hotspots for biological diversity and sources of ecosystem services. Because of the close interactions between riverine ecosystems and human activities, rivers are recognized as a socio-ecological system. Centuries of intensive exploitation of the ecosystem services, urbanization, and water management focusing on the use of water and safeguarding humans from floods and diseases, rather than on ecological health, have led to severe degradations and functional losses. In recent years, restoration has been recognized as essential to reestablish the quality of the rivers and an increasing number of restoration projects have been implemented. In Europe, the Water Framework Directive orchestrates restoration efforts, and demands that all water bodies achieve their good ecological status or potential. In urban areas, most rivers are heavily impacted by human activities and social demand for restoration is high. However, little knowledge exists about urban restoration practices. This research aims (1) to identify the different restoration practices and drivers, and examine the particularities of urban river restorations, and (2) to assess the potential conflicts inside the socio-ecological system
Flüsse sind ein Hotspot für biologische Artenvielfalt und Erbringer vieler Ökosystemleistungen. Aufgrund der engen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Flussökosystemen und menschlichen Aktivitäten werden sie als sozio-ökologische Systeme verstanden. Jahrhunderte massiven Nutzungsdrucks, Urbanisierung und eine Gewässerbewirtschaftung, die sich viel mehr der Versorgung der Menschen und dem Schutz derer vor Überschwemmungen und Krankheiten anstatt der Wahrung des ökologischen Gleichgewichts verschrieben hat, haben zu starken Zerstörungen und Funktionsverlusten dieser Ökosysteme geführt. In jüngster Zeit wurde die Notwendigkeit der Renaturierung von Flüssen zur Wiederherstellung ihrer Qualität erkannt und eine wachsende Zahl an Renaturierungsprojekten wurde realisiert. In Europa koordiniert die Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (Water Framework Directive, WFD) entsprechende Bemühungen und verlangt, dass alle Gewässer eine guten ökologischen Zustand oder ein gutes ökologisches Potenzial erreichen. In städtischen Gebieten sind die meisten Flüsse stark durch menschliche Aktivitäten geprägt und der Bedarf nach Renaturierungsmaßnahmen hoch. Dennoch gibt es nur wenige Kenntnisse über die Praktiken von Flussrenaturierungen in Städten. Diese Studie hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt (1) unterschiedliche Renaturierungspraktiken und deren Triebkräfte zu identifizieren und die Besonderheiten städtischer Flussrenaturierungen zu untersuchen und (2) die potenziell möglichen Interessenskonflikte im sozio-ökologischen System zu bewerten
河流是生物多样性研究的热点和诸多生态系统服务的来源。由于河岸生态系统与人类活动的密切相互作用，使得河流通常被认为是一种社会生态系统。几个世纪以来，生态系统服务的集约利用、城市化和水资源管理主要关注于水资源的有效利用和保障人类免受洪水和疾病的危害而往往忽视了生态健康，从而导致了严重的生态退化和功能的丧失。近年来，河流修复被公认为重建河流质量的必要手段并且越来越多的修复项目开始付诸实施。在欧洲，欧盟水框架指令对水资源的修复工作进行策划统筹，并对所有水体需达到的生态状况或生态潜力提出了高的要求。在城市地区，绝大多数的河流深受人类活动的影响并且对于河流修复的社会需求较高。然而，关于城市河流修复实践的相关知识还非常缺乏。本研究旨在：（1）区分不同的河流修复实践项目及其驱动力，以及研究城市河流修复的特殊性；（2）并对这一社会生态系统中存在的潜在冲突进行评估。

17

Schlutsmeyer, Mark W. "An Ecological Approach to Personal Construct Psychology". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1122491629.

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18

Lozano, Sacha. "An Ecological Design Approach to Wastewater Management". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/141.

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Global water depletion and unsustainable food production systems represent two iconic crises of our time. These two crises have important themes in common, referring to basic human needs and the way we interact with landscapes in order to satisfy them. But they are also closely related to the way we produce and dispose wastes in our current societal organization. Insufficient, or inadequate, sanitation and waste management practices continue to undermine not only human well-being, but the entire planet’s ecological integrity, on which humans depend. An ecological design approach to manage human waste invites to learn how to participate more harmoniously within the planet’s recycling of matter, using renewable energy sources and mimicking nature’s low entropic states to maintain the life-support systems that we and our economies are part of. This thesis is an in-depth exploration of such an approach, and an attempt to integrate several elements from ecology, engineering, economics, and community development, around issues of water quality, sanitation and waste management in Latin America. As a whole, the thesis explores how can this transdisciplinary approach translate into coherent, feasible, and concrete action, providing appropriate solutions for sanitation, in ways that are effective and viable on a long term, for Latin American rural communities. Three different papers address different dimensions of the problem, focusing on domestic wastewater and human excreta, as a type of waste of major importance to ecological integrity, public health and economic development. Two of the papers are case studies, carried out at two different rural communities in South West Colombia; one of them focuses on technological and ecological aspects, and the other focuses on social and economic considerations, for a multifunctional-ecological waste management. In the first paper I present an overview of the sanitation problem in Latin America, and the opportunities and challenges of managing waste with an ecological and multifunctional perspective. More specifically, this papers attempts to provide a sound conceptual framework for managing wastewater (sewage) as a valuable resource, in a way that: 1) is affordable –or even profitable– by small communities in developing countries; 2) is safe to the environment and to public health; and 3) provides opportunities for recycling nutrients and organic matter (available in wastewaters), to restore and protect water and soil resources, while enhancing rural livelihoods in tropical agroecosystems. The second paper evaluates the performance and feasibility of an experimental, solar-energy-based, wetland mesocosm, as a complementary aerobic unit to enhance anaerobic wastewater treatment, in a rural locality of the Cauca Valley in Colombia. In the third paper I explore the integration between ecological design and community-based solutions to sanitation, and discuss opportunities and challenges of implementing ecological waste management in the particular bioregional and socioeconomic context of a proposed ecological-low-income co-housing project, in another rural community of Colombia. In doing this, several arguments are presented to support the idea that assuming the responsibility of managing its own waste can be a powerful and transformative experience for a community to fundamentally change its perspective and understanding of its place within the planet. Furthermore, managing waste can be an integrative force linking economic, social and environmental considerations, and favoring human-scale development, genuine progress, and self-reliance in a community. In its broadest level my research aims at reviewing and questioning the very notion of “waste” and the articulation between humans, nature, and technology within that context.

19

Röder, Mirjam. "A cultural ecological approach for meal security". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15760.

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Die weltweite Nahrungsmittelproduktion ist so hoch wie nie zuvor. Dennoch kommt nur eine begrenzte Gruppe von Menschen in den Genuss eines ausreichenden Nahrungsangebots. Dagegen leiden weltweit zirka 854 Millionen Menschen an Mangelernährung. Das zeigt, dass Hunger nicht allein durch eine ausreichende Nahrungsmittelproduktion und Marktversorgung zu bekämpfen ist. Um das Problem von Nahrungsunsicherheit zu mindern, ist es ebenso notwendig, ökologische, wirtschaftlichen, politische wie auch soziokulturelle Verhältnisse zu betrachten. Diese Dissertation basiert auf den Untersuchungen, die in der zentralsudanesischen Stadt El Obeid durchgeführt wurden. El Obeid liegt in der abgeschiedenen und von Knappheit und häufig von Hunger betroffenen Region von Nord Kordofan. Dieses Fallbeispiel zeigt, dass Nahrungsmittelknappheit nur verstanden und bekämpft werden kann, wenn die Ernährungskultur als zentrales Element der Nahrungssicherung begriffen wird. Somit beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit mit den Fragen was Ernährung ist und wieso gewisse Nahrungsmittel auf bestimmte Art und Weise gegessen werden. Dazu wird die Vielschichtigkeit und Dynamik der Ernährung untersucht und es wird beschrieben, wie das Ernährungsverhalten einer Gesellschaft mit ihrer natürlichen Umwelt, ökonomischen, politischen, sozialen und kulturellen Strukturen interagiert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird das kulturökologische Konzept des Mahlzeitenzyklus eingeführt. Dieses rückt die Interdependenzen und Wechselwirkungen zwischen Ernährungsgewohnheiten und den naturellen und soziokulturellen Gegebenheiten in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Ferner hebt es die Bedeutung der Nahrungszubereitung als entscheidenden Prozess bei der Umwandlung naturaler Rohstoffe in kulturell gebundene Gerichte als wesentliches Element zur Erreichung von Ernährungs- und vor allem Mahlzeitensicherung hervor.
Worldwide more food than ever is produced these days. It would be enough to feed everybody by far. However, only a limited group of the global population enjoys an adequate food supply. About 854 million people are undernourished worldwide. The global situation shows that hunger cannot be fought by just producing enough food. The socio-cultural complex of nutrition and food habits cannot be reduced to the production and marketing of crops. To fight the problem of lacking food security, ecological and socio-cultural conditions have to be taken into account. This research focuses on the questions of ‘what is food’ and ‘why is certain food eaten in a specific way’ as prerequisites to understand the problem of malnutrition and food shortage as well as to fight food insecurity. Therefore, this research analyses the complexity of food habits, their dynamics, and how the food culture of a society interacts with the natural and socio-cultural environment. According to this, a cultural ecological concept of food culture - the cycle of meal - is introduced. It focuses on the interdependence and interactions of food habits within the natural and cultural environment. Moreover, the concept emphasises the importance of meal preparation as essential procedure of transforming natural raw matters into culturally bound products and as fundamental element to reach not only food but meal security. This study bases on research conducted in the town El Obeid in Central Sudan which is located in the remote and famine-prone environment of North Kordofan. The case study shows that food shortage can only be understood and fought if food culture is considered as a central element of meal security. Therefore, the research is based on the examination of food habits, their dynamics, and interactions within the socio-cultural context.

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Wassenberg, Renske. "Differential cognitive development: a neuropsychological approach". Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8689.

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21

Gonzales, Maria Eunice Quilici. "A cognitive approach to visual perception". Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328824.

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22

Vinter, Ricky Jay. "Evaluating formal specifications : a cognitive approach". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268048.

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Taheri, Saeedeh. "Cognitive stylistics approach to cinematic characterization". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79240/.

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This thesis deals with the cognitive process of cinematic character construal and explores the question of how narrative film viewers presumably understand characters and make impressions about them as a result of the interplay of different types of schema. Based on the cognitive concept of schema (Barlett [1932] 1995), Speech Act Theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969) and cognitivist film theory (Bordwell,1985), a cognitive framework, which is inscribed within the cognitive stylistics theories and analytical frameworks, is proposed for character impression formation. The model posits that viewers understand characters in terms of the interactions between three planes of background knowledge: 1. Social knowledge (knowledge of real-life people, social roles, and interpersonal relations), 2. Narrative film knowledge (knowledge of film narrative, style and techniques), 3. Pragmalinguistic knowledge (knowledge of linguistic and pragmatic norms. The focus of the linguistic plane is on Speech Act Theory). This research argues that film draws on medium-specific, multimodal devices to tell the story and create characters. With regard to the multimodality of film discourse, this thesis suggests a toolkit for character creation and comprehension. The three planes of social, film and pragmalinguistic schemas and also the marked aspects of the suggested cinematic character creation toolkit are all applied to three art auteur films: The Piano Teacher (2001), Autumn Sonata (1987), and Ten (2001), whose comprehension is challenging for viewers Pragmalinguistic because of their deviations from the conventional norms of Hollywood cinema in terms of narrative, characterization, cinematic style and techniques. Methodologically, this analysis is informed by multimodal analysis (Kress and van Leeuwen, 1996), and multimodal transcription (Baldry and Thibault, 2006) in particular, which consider text as an ensemble of different communication modes all of which contribute to meaningmaking. Thus, this analysis presents a detailed account of viewers' plausible understanding trajectory, and an explanation of linguistic and visual/cinematic strategies to narrative (as the context in which characters are created and developed), and particularly character creation within the scope of the films mentioned above.

24

Cabanellas, Reboredo Miguel. "Socio-ecological approach of the recreational squid shery". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145976.

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El creciente impacto de la pesca recreativa sobre el declive de los stocks, hace necesario considerar el role que este sector desempeña sobre la dinámica poblacional de los recursos explotados. Uno de los recursos que sufre una fuerte explotación, tanto por el sector comercial como por el sector recreativo, es el calamar Europeo Loligo vulgaris. Esta Tesis afronta el reto de poner en relieve el potencial impacto que este sector ejerce sobre esta especie. Para ello, aspectos clave de la vida del calamar, la dinámica de la pesquería recreativa y sus interacciones han sido abordadas. Con esta tesis ofrecemos información clave para la comprensión de los patrones de esfuerzo desarrollados por la pesca de recreo, lo cuales guardan una estrecha relación con las agregaciones reproductoras en costa de esta especie. Esta Tesis demuestra el importante papel de la pesca recreativa en la explotación y dinámica poblacional de este valorado recurso.

25

BeÌzenac, Christophe Emmanuel de. "Improvising ambiguity : an ecological approach to music-making". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441206.

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Rapp, Peter Edward. "Taking Turns: A Conversational Approach to Ecological Desgin". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32414.

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Better integration of human cultures and ecological communities is needed to sustain the health of people and the land. The inherent difference between concepts and things themselves, and the cultural disconnection between intellectual-conceptual and physical-material work, are implicated in environmental problems. Landscape designbuild is an opportunity to reconnect words, actions, and the land, to set convincing, practical examples for clients to follow, and to foster a mutually beneficial 'culture of habitat' (Nabhan).A collaborative home and landscape design project was undertaken with a family of three. Fieldwork involved a variety of interactive design techniques combining dialogue AND direct experience. The project ended with the completion of a conceptual design but did not reach construction stage before the close of fieldwork.'Embodied conversation' describes the design process, characterized by alternating modes of interaction, turn-taking, negotiation of differences, and emergence of meaning and purpose. This approach heightened participants' awareness of their environment and generated a variety of useful design ideas, but better procedures were needed for moderating the pace of interaction and for making durable decisions. By balancing dialogue and direct experience, a 'conversational' approach to ecological designbuild work can help participants make sense of and use of their habitat in a way that reconciles human needs with ecological functions.
Master of Landscape Architecture

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Shachaf, Pnina, e Noriko Hara. "Team Effectiveness in Virtual Environments: An Ecological Approach". Idea Group Publishing, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105896.

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This chapter attempts to address the need for more research on virtual team effectiveness and outlines an ecological theoretical framework that is applicable to virtual learning environments (VLE). Prior empirical studies on virtual team effectiveness used frameworks of traditional team effectiveness and mainly followed Hackman's normative model (input-process-output). We propose an ecological approach for virtual team effectiveness that accounts for team boundaries management, technology use, and external environment in VLE, properties which were previously either non-existent or contextual. The ecological framework suggests that three components, external environment, internal environment, and boundary management, reciprocally interact with effectiveness. The significance of the proposed framework is a holistic perspective that takes into account the complexity of the external and internal environment of the team. Furthermore, we address the needs for new pedagogical approaches in VLE.

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Giomi, Andrea. "La pensée sonore du corps : Pour une approche écologique à la médiation technologique, au mouvement et à l'interaction sonore". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2041/document.

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Au cours des dernières années, l’avènement des technologies de captation du mouvement a radicalement transformé l’univers de la pratique artistique tout en ouvrant des perspectives inédites pour la recherche scientifique. La musique est actuellement l’un des domaines les plus impliqués dans ce renouvellement expressif et épistémologique. Dans ce cadre, les processus d’interaction entre médiation technologique, mouvement et son, semblent se décliner selon deux modalités majeures : d’une part, les technologies d’analyse du mouvement permettent d’étudier expérimentalement la connexion mutuelle entre phénomène acoustique et système sensori-moteur; de l’autre, la compréhension de la nature incarnée de l’expérience musicale oriente la conception et le développement de technologies interactives pour la performance vers un modèle plus holistique. En partant de ces prémisses, cette thèse porte sur la manière dont la transformation des aspects imperceptibles du mouvement en données perceptibles – sous forme de son – permet de prendre conscience des processus physiologiques et figuratifs qui sont à la base du geste. Dans ce contexte, la relation entre mouvement et feedback sonore est analysée selon une perspective écologique visant à mettre en lumière comment la médiation technologique induit un processus d’extension et d’intensification autopoïétique de l’anatomie corporelle. Notamment dans le cas de la pratique performative, l’interaction sonore offre alors au performeur la possibilité de redéfinir sa propre organisation perceptive sur la base d’un un nouveau répertoire des données sensorielles, lui permettant ainsi de repenser la composition expressive du mouvement
During the last years, motion sensing technologies have radically transformed the universe of the artistic practice. This dramatic change has recently inspired new perspectives in scientific research. Music is actually among the most affected domaines by this expressive and epistemological renewal. The interactive relation between mediation technology, movement and sound, seems to be declined into two main modalities : on one hand, movement analysis’ technologies allow to study mutual connections between acoustic phenomenon and sensorimotor system, on the other hand, embodied understanding of musical experience can help to devise an holistic approach to interactive systems conception and development. Given this background scenario, this thesis focuses on how movement’s qualities transformation into sound allows the performer to become aware of physiological and imaginative processes in gesture composition. In this framework, sound feedback-movement relation is analyzed from an ecological point of view. According to this approach, mediation technology seems to elicit an autopoietic process of extension and intensification of corporeality. Especially in the artistic performance, sound interaction offers to performer a new sensorial geography that allows him/her to renew his/her perceptive organization and thereby rethink expressive composition of movement

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Blakely, Megan Jayne. "Born to Run - Dual Task Cognitive Effects of Ecological Unconstrained Running". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9226.

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The interaction between exercise and cognitive task performance has been previously examined using cycle ergometer and treadmill running tasks. The interaction between natural (non-constrained) exercise and cognitive task performance has, however, been well less examined. An example of a natural exercise task would be running outdoors on a steep trail where route selection and foot placement are critical for the runner. The performance of runners is examined in a dual trail-running and working memory task. The working memory task involved counting tones, and was performed at both a low workload, in which they were asked to count every fourth low frequency tone and a high workload in which they were asked to count every fourth low, medium and high frequency tone. In experiment 1, runners performed the tone-counting tasks both while running on a steep trail with uneven terrain and while seated (control conditions). In addition, they ran the trail without a cognitive task load. Running distance and counting accuracy significantly decreased during the dual task trials, there was a linear trend the run distance decreased as the task got harder. As the secondary cognitive task demand increased running performance decreased (linear trend). Cognitive performance was only significantly impaired while running for the hard cognitive task (for the easy cognitive task there was no statistically significant difference). Participants reported an increased workload in the dual run-counting task conditions when compared with the seated task conditions. Reports of task focus and feeling of being spent (exhausted) also varied across task conditions. In experiment 2 unconstrained running was conducted in the same manner, on a flat-even terrain track to establish if the route selection and scanning required to negotiate uneven terrain was causing the dual-task interference, or if there is a general interference effect caused by the self-regulatory demands of running, or the direct demands of running itself (exercise). The linear trend of decreased running performance with increased secondary cognitive demand was similar to experiment 1 - the more cognitive load the less distance traveled. The effect on the cognitive task was, however, not evident in experiment 2; there was no statistically significant difference between cognitive task performance in the dual and single-task conditions. The findings outlined in these experiments, demonstrate dual cognitive tasks have a negative effect on running performance, and the cognitive task may also be affected depending on running intensity, particularly where self-paced natural running over terrain is coupled with complex cognitive tasks.

30

Raude, Jocelyn. "La dynamique des perceptions des risques sanitaires : le cas des maladies à transmission vectorielle dans les départements français d'outre-mer". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0280.

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Quelles relations les perceptions des risques sanitaires entretiennent-elles avec le contexte épidémiologique – notamment lorsque celui-ci est instable? Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux trois composantes principales mises en évidence par Stokols dans l’analyse des effets de contexte sur les comportements de santé. Il s’agit d’une part de la dimension spatiale du phénomène (comment la proximité du risque affectent-elles la perception des risques pour la santé?). Il s’agit d’autre part de la dimension temporelle ou diachronique du phénomène (quels sont les patterns temporels qui caractérisent la perception des risques sanitaires?). Il s’agit enfin de la dimension socioculturelle du phénomène (dans quelle mesure les conditions sociales des individus influencent-elles la manière dont ils perçoivent les risques?). Sur la base d’une revue de la littérature puis d’une série d’enquêtes par questionnaire réalisée dans les départements français ultramarins, nous avons procédé à la vérification d’une série d’hypothèses sur la dynamique spatio-temporelle et socioculturelle des perceptions du risque lié aux maladies vectorielles (dengue, chikungunya et Zika). Ces données ont été présentées dans trois articles scientifiques qui constitueront la partie empirique de cette thèse. D’une manière générale, ces recherches nous permettent de mettre en évidence des effets d’accoutumance et/ou de minimisation des risques sanitaires qui ont été très peu documentés dans la littérature psychologique. Ces derniers semblent être toutefois modulés dans une large mesure par des phénomènes d’influence sociale qui exigent d’être mieux caractérisés dans de futures recherches
What is the relationship between health risk perceptions and the epidemiological context - especially when it is unstable? As part of this thesis, we focused on the three main components highlighted by Stokols in the analysis of context effects on health behaviors. It is a question of the spatial dimension of the phenomenon (how does the proximity of the risk affect the perception of health risks?). On the other hand, it is the temporal or diachronic dimension of the phenomenon (what are the temporal patterns that characterize the perception of health risks?). Finally, it is the socio-cultural dimension of the phenomenon (to what extent do people's social conditions influence how they perceive risks?). On the basis of a review of the literature and a series of questionnaire surveys conducted in the French overseas departments, we proceeded to verify a series of hypotheses on the spatio-temporal and sociocultural dynamics of perceptions. the risk of vector-borne diseases (dengue, chikungunya and Zika). These data have been presented in three scientific papers that will form the empirical part of this thesis. In general, this research allows us to highlight effects of habituation and / or minimization of health risks that have been poorly documented in the psychological literature. The latter, however, seem to be modulated to a large extent by phenomena of social influence that require better characterization in future research

31

Berglund, Johannes. "Narratives of Desistance : A Social Cognitive Approach". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58196.

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In this thesis I have investigated the process of self-schematic transformation that has been argued that offenders undergo in order to desist from crime. In this thesis I have used narrative interviews with twelve desisting offenders consisting of five non-violent offenders and seven violent offenders. I have analysed these narratives using a social cognitive perspective in order to seek an understanding of the self-schemas of the offenders. The results show that the desistance is the result of a longer process and the turning point experienced by the participants were the high point of this process. Social influences were highly important for both groups. Both groups were low in agency, with the exception to their new selves and the desisting process; still, the violent offenders were somewhat higher than the non-violent offenders. In general both groups used outside sources to explain their past crimes and substance abuse, though the violent offenders did this in less extent. Further, the analysis showed that the self-schema of the desisting offenders could be divided into three parts; the former self, the true self, and the new self, or who they used to be, who they have always been, and who they are now. The degree to which the offenders expressed these different selves varied between the two groups.

32

Alnwick, Margot D. (Margot Deborah). "Self evaluation in volleyball : a cognitive approach". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68067.

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The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a self-evaluation instrument that students would be able to use to assess their metacognitive awareness of volleyball skill and knowledge. The Self Evaluation in Volleyball Questionnaire (SEV) was designed to include a series of self-evaluation items within the five areas identified in a knowledge-based approach to skill acquisition; namely: procedural, declarative, affective, metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive skill.
The reliability, face and content validity of the SEV were found to be very acceptable. The scores on the SEV show that the questionnaire was easily understood by the students, but the students found certain sections were more difficult to answer. Students were categorized by their teacher into top, middle and bottom skill groups. Analysis of variance procedures showed that there were significant differences in SEV scores due to skill level, which demonstrated the value and the sensitivity of the SEV in differentiating such skill levels. Even though this was a descriptive study, it was also shown that the instructional programme did have a positive effect on the students' SEV scores.

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Retkowsky, Fabrice P. "A cognitive approach to supporting software reuse". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311416.

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PIRES, EMMY UEHARA. "ONTOGENESE OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS: A NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35595@1.

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Abstract (sommario):

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender como se dá a ontogênese das funções cognitivas no período entre o nascimento até o início da adolescência. A partir da perspectiva da neurociência e neuropsicologia cognitiva, questões como as influências biológicas e ambientais, a maturação cerebral e o processo de aprendizagem, assim como as bases neuroanatômicas e circuitos neurais serão discutidas. A ênfase será dada aos marcos mais relevantes no processo típico do desenvolvimento das principais funções cognitivas tais como a sensação, a percepção, a atenção, a memória, a linguagem, as habilidades visuoconstrutivas, e as funções executivas.
This study aimed to understand how the ontogeny of cognitive functions during the period from birth to early adolescence. From the perspective of neuroscience and cognitive neuropsychology, issues such as biological and environmental influences, brain maturation and learning processes, as neuroanatomical bases and neural circuits will be discussed. Emphasis will be given to the most important milestones in the typical development of the main cognitive functions such as sensation, perception, attention, memory, language, visual-constructive skills and executive functions.

35

Chapman, Sarah C. E. "A cognitive approach to irritable bowel syndrome". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f02e46b-9b50-46a3-8918-d88efe2f3426.

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Within this thesis the role of cognitive processes in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) will be examined. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in IBS participants, relative to controls, was performed. Evidence supported heightened rates of psychiatric disorder. A novel hypothesis regarding overlapping cognitive vulnerability to IBS and psychiatric disorders was found to fit well with the pattern of comorbidity. Competing hypotheses and the potential moderators were examined. Overall, no single model of psychiatric morbidity in IBS could fully account for the results of the meta-analysis. The implications of this meta-analysis for a cognitive approach to IBS are discussed. Cognitive processes were directly investigated in two experiments. First, in a modified exogenous cueing task, which assessed attention to pain words, there was faster orienting towards, and engagement with pain words in IBS participants relative to controls. Next, participants completed a primed lexical decision task, which indexed interpretation biases by measuring response times to targets after ambiguous illness primes. Relative to controls, IBS participants’ responses were slower to target words presented after ambiguous illness primes, and demonstrated priming for targets related to the neutral meaning of the illness prime. In the second study, different IBS and healthy control participants completed an internet-based survey of autobiographical memory. Participants described and rated painful and emotional autobiographical events. IBS participants reported pain memories from a more observer perspective relative to controls, suggesting a possible coping strategy for pain content. Finally, three cognitive styles, alexithymia, rumination and self-blame, were evaluated using existing and novel self-report measures. Overall, when compared with healthy participants, IBS participants reported: less difficulty identifying feelings as indexed by the alexithymia measure; increased pain-focused rumination; and a general, negative self-blame. These results may imply a vigilance-avoidance model of cognitive processing in IBS.

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He, An. "Power Consumption Optimization: A Cognitive Radio Approach". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77309.

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Power consumption is one of the most important aspects in mobile and wireless communications. Existing research has shown significant power reduction through limited radio reconfiguration based on the channel conditions, especially for short range sensor network applications. A cognitive radio (CR) is an intelligent wireless communication system which is able to determine the most favorable operating parameters (cognition) based on the radio environment and its own capabilities and characteristics (awareness) and reconfigure the radio accordingly (reconfigurability). This work leverages the advances in cognitive radio technology to dynamically implement favorable trade-offs in radio parameters to achieve more efficient use of radio resource (e.g., minimizing power consumption) on the required Quality of Service (QoS) of an application and channel. A CR-based approach enables us not only to adjust modulation, coding, and radiated power as in a conventional radio, but also to learn and to control component characteristics (e.g., the power amplifier (PA) efficiency characteristic) to minimize power consumption. Significant power savings using this approach are shown in this work for single input single output (SISO) systems and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. This work has a broad potential impact on the research of improving power efficiency of communication systems. It establishes a cognitive radio based methodology for system power consumption optimization. It emphasizes the difference between radiated power (power radiated from the transmit antenna) and the consumed power (power drawn from the power source, such as a battery). It provides a way to connect communication (which usually cares about radiated power, received signal to noise ratio, etc.) to hardware (which focuses on speed, efficiency, power consumption, etc.) and software (which emphasizes complexity, speed, etc.). This design methodology enhances the capability to jointly optimize communication, hardware, and software. In addition, this CR-based framework can be adapted for general radio resource management with various radio operation optimization targets, such as spectrum utilization.
Ph. D.

37

Garza, Rubén. "Functional feedback a cognitive approach to mentoring /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMU/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036599.

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38

Arnold, Christopher B. "Inferred Statistics and Ecological Validity in Bayesian Reasoning". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1521816469920848.

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Squibb, Bradley. "Increasing awareness through an ecological approach to planning education". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56147.pdf.

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Grogan, Kathryn E. "Parents' Choice of Pre-Kindergarten: A Transactional Ecological Approach". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/83.

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Empirical research on parents’ decision making process and parents’ actual criteria when considering preschool is critical when considering its relationship to early educational experiences and subsequent outcomes for children. Research has consistently demonstrated that the type and quality of preschool program children attend has implications for future academic success. A review of past research suggests parents often have difficulty assessing quality and include a wide range of considerations that include both practical and educational features of care. The current study utilized a transactional ecological framework to examine parent considerations and related family, child and cultural factors. A series of focus groups and interviews were conducted with parents to identify parent considerations and inform creation of a survey measure designed to assess these considerations. Surveys were then completed by 203 parents from varying socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds who had a child that qualified for state-funded preschool the following year. Parents were recruited from 20 centers including Head Start programs, private-for profit programs, religiously affiliated programs and one YMCA center. Exploratory factor analysis identified two highly correlated categories of considerations: 1) characteristics that designate several types of quality indicators and 2) characteristics that designate a program’s practical features. A series of hierarchical regressions indicated a combination of cultural, family and child factors are important when assessing parents’ considerations for pre-kindergarten. In particular, socioeconomic status, parents’ beliefs about childrearing and involvement and children’s prosocial skills and family structure were uniquely related to parental endorsement of quality and practical considerations. These findings have important implications for policymakers and practitioners.

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Proaktor, Gil. "Costs of reproduction invertebrates : an ecological and evolutionary approach". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444064.

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Fitzpatrick, Paul Richard. "An ecological approach to the treatment of derelict land". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306264.

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43

Davies, Deborah. "The ecological impact of Rhinanthus species : a mechanistic approach". Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362060.

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44

Kirby, Deborah Katharine. "An ecological economic approach to upland heather moorland management". Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341856.

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45

Angeliki, Theodosi Eleni. "Intentional communication in children wish ASD : an ecological approach". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434762.

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Clavera-Gispert, Roger. "Forward numerical modelling of carbonate basins: an ecological approach". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-213603.

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This thesis presents a new stratigraphic forward numerical model to simulate the carbonate production of marine sedimentary basin through ecological model which is implemented in the SIMSAFADIM-CLASTIC program. This ecological model is based on the Generalized Lotka Voltera equations that model the population evolution of species. These populations are controlled by biological factors (growth rate, carrying capacity and interaction among species), and by the environmental conditions (light, energy of the medium, nutrients, bottom slope and concentration of clastic sediments in suspension) which are combined forming a unique environmental factor that downscale the intrinsic rate of growth. The algorithm to apply in the code uses an explicit Runge-Kutta numerical method of order (4)5 to solve the differential equations formulated in the ecological model. Finally, a 3D visualization output files for the interpretation and analysis are generated using the VTK format. The obtained code has been applied in three sample experiments in order to discuss the possibilities and the limitations of the code. The first example is the model of a theoretical basin. The results are compared with real cases. The second example is an actual basin sited in western Mediterranean Sea. The results are discussed to show the applicability and the limitations of the model. The third example applies several configurations to the Aptian Galve sub-basin (Maestrat Basin, E Iberia), allowing to define the environmental conditions.

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Jones, Kelley Simmons. "Childhood Sexual Behavior: An Integrated Developmental Ecological Assessment Approach". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1463340188.

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Zhang, Jngjie. "A structurally dynamic approach to ecological and environmental models /". Cph. : The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/jingjiezhang.htm.

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Francis, Tracey-Joy. "Good times in block seven: A Human ecological approach". Thesis, Francis, Tracey-Joy (2015) Good times in block seven: A Human ecological approach. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30583/.

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We have little control over the forces that shape us, yet they play a massive role determining our position in the social structure. Race, socio-economic status, gender and other social categories and processes are powerful forces that work together and shape understandings of the world, including those who reside within Block Seven, a gated community in Durban, South Africa. Although it may look like a standard state project housing, Block Seven is far from the average housing complex. Block Seven into two groups: the Corner Members and the Externals. The sub-culture of the Corner does not align with that of the Externals and this has driven a wedge between the two groups forcing them into a state of social conflict. It will be suggested that people’s lifestyles are a response to their surroundings is still relevant to explain contemporary social behaviour such as that which takes place at the Block. There is, however, one important caveat: if ‘social disorganization’ is understood analytically as ‘social complexity’ (Hannerz, 1992), then there need not be any assumption as to whether society is objectively in a state of order or disorder, which is a matter of perspective. A total of seven in-depth interviews were conducted to gather a rich and detailed picture of life in Block Seven. Drawing on theory of human ecology and social disorganization this thesis will argue that disorganization and organization are relative to the cultural context and cognitive landscape, in which individuals and communities exist.

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Wang, Dongxu. "Healthy Nutrition in Chinese Middle Schools: An Ecological Approach". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368142.

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Good nutrition is vital for adolescents, because it supports their growth and helps them to become healthy adults. Under-nutrition delays adolescents’ physical and mental growth and maturation, and reduces adolescents’ learning and working capacity. Meanwhile, over-nutrition in adolescence, together with an unhealthy lifestyle, can lead to overweight and obesity, which are risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. However, nutrition problems in adolescents are both common and serious in developing countries, especially in the rural areas of these countries. For example, both nutritional deficiencies and over-nutrition in adolescents are significant and growing problems in many parts of China. Intervention for adolescents can result in positive changes to their eating behaviours and improvements to their future health. Promoting nutrition for adolescents, accordingly, plays a crucial role in safeguarding a healthy life for individuals, and therefore this study focused on the promotion of good nutrition and healthy dietary intake among adolescents in rural areas of China. In view of the complexity and difficulty of achieving behaviour change, and the strong and sustainable effect that the health-promoting schools (HPS) framework, underpinned by ecological approaches, can make in behaviour change, this study applied both an ecological approach and a HPS framework as theoretical bases. These bases provided the guidance for promoting healthy dietary intake and nutrition in a “total school-based environment”, for the “total population” of the school, not only for students, but also for parents and school staff in rural Chinese middle schools.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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