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1
Lin, Yan. ""Cricket is in the blood" (Re)producing Indianness: Families negotiating diasporic identity through cricket in Singapore". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Diaspora invokes a way of living. Geographic displacement, either voluntary or forced, brings about heightened processes of negotiation between the past, the present and the future. Effectively, diaspora creates a space for dialogue about notions of individual subjectivity and group representation, as well as global and local belonging. These processes contribute pivotally to the identity development of diasporic people, and this plays out continually as is evident in the choices diasporic people make about the way they live. This thesis explores one aspect of the lives of elite diasporic Indian families in Singapore - cricket. The central question is how these diasporic people become 'Indian' through their participation in the sport. There are two major components - cricket and family. Firstly, I identify cricket as a site of diasporic negotiation in the lives of these Indians. I explore their practice of this activity as a physical and ideological space in and through which they negotiate their identity. In a country where cricket is not common practice, the Indian domination of the widespread 'public culture' of their country of origin reflects their intensified investment in Indianness. This results in the creation of a minoritized and largely exclusive social space. By participating in cricket, they play out their diasporic Indian identity. This is a myriad process of social construction and transformation of Indianness at individual and collective levels. Through active and concerted social labour in the cricket arena, translation of relevant Indianness into a foreign setting effectively creates a new Indian ethnicity. It is the very negotiation and mobilization of their ethnicity that facilitates the thriving of this elite Indian diaspora. The other major component in this thesis is that of the family in diaspora. This is important because most of the elite Indians moved to Singapore as nuclear family units. Decisions made and the structures of their lives take into account the impact upon the household at individual and collective levels. I explore and highlight the importance not only of families doing diaspora together, but that of the varied individual contributions of family members to cricket and how their various parts support one another's negotiation of their Indianness. Divided broadly into three categories of fathers, mothers and children (male and female), I look at their different ideals, attitudes and involvement in the sport. From my research, I found that fathers were the ideological spearhead and instigators of interest for cricket within families; mothers played support roles; and children participated for a variety of reasons. Boys played because it was deemed the natural thing for Indian boys as it is 'in their blood'. Girls on the other hand, played for a variety of different reasons which differed from their male counterparts. Their participation was a concerted effort in an attempt to get forms of Indianness that are reflected and constructed in cricket, 'into their blood'. This thesis is framed by the concept of doing Indian diaspora in Singapore. I explore the cricket arena as a key site of identity negotiation in three realms - the individual, the family, and the wider Indian network/community. This analysis seeks to highlight the importance of each realm in reinforcing and supporting one another's projects of constant and complex formation processes of Indianness.
2
Kulanjiyil, Thomaskutty I. "Culture and psychology understanding Indian culture and its implications for counseling Asian Indian immigrants in the United States /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
3
Hunjan, Sandeep. "East Indians in Canada, changing conceptions of love". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30946.pdf.
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4
Matthew, Mulamootil Ronnie Bolls Paul David. "Model ethnicity and product class involvement white Americans' attitude toward advertisements featuring Asian-Indian models /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4958.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 14, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Paul Bolls. Includes bibliographical references.
5
Greenan, Michele Anne. "Three early-middle Woodland mortuary sites in East Central Indiana : a study in paleopathology". Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137663.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study of paleopathology is intrinsic to the study of past human societies. Through analyzing gross bone abnormalities in the individuals of a population group, one can discover occurrences of specific diseases. Diseases are often associated with diet, demography, environment, and culture of a population group. Understanding the types of diseases present can therefore lead to much information about a population group. The intent of this research is to analyze the skeletal remains from three mortuary sites to ascertain the occurrences of particular diseases. The New Castle site (12Hn1) the White site (121-In10), and Windsor Mound (12R1) represent a sample of the Early-Middle Woodland population from east central Indiana.Department of Anthropology
6
Edwin, Shanthi S. "Effective ways to evangelize Asian Indians in the United States". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
7
Poynting, Robert Jeremy. "Literature and cultural pluralism : East Indians in the Caribbean". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/821/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the position, of imaginative literature in the ethnically plural societies of Trinidad and Guyana in the Caribbean. It examines the extent to which the production of imaginative literature has been marked by the same ethnic divisions which have bedevilled the political, social and cultural life of these societies. For reasons explained in Chapter One, the study focuses mainly on the literature by writers from and about the Indian section of the population. However, the study is concerned not only with the way that the context of ethnic and cultural fragmentation has affected a good deal of the writing produced in these societies, but also with the smaller number of works, mainly of fiction, which contribute to a much-needed understanding of these societies by bringing the lives of both major groups into a common focus. I argue that it is not enough to describe the differences between the two types of writing merely in terms of the presence or absence of ethnocentric biases, and discuss both the conceptual frameworks within which works of fiction may be felt to give'truthfullknowledge and the conventions of representation which most effectively communicate that knowledge to the reader. The thesis is divided into four sections. The first develops the argument that in much of the fiction examined there has been a connexion between ethnocentric biases, an empiricist epistemology and conventions of representation which are defined later as naturalistic. Parts Two and Three present a detailed examination of this proposition by analysing the works of Indian and non-Indian authors. The fourth part discusses those novels which go beyond the presentation of ethnically fragmented images by constructing fictive worlds which attempt to encompass the social whole. Such novels are shown to have a self-awareness of their epistemological and cultural assumptions, and in some cases an awareness that the real but hidden structures of society may only be incompletely or falsely experienced by the novel's characters. I show that such concerns with attempting to portray the real social whole, frequently intersect with an intense involvement, on the part of the author, with the aesthetic structuring and verbal texture of the novel.
8
Bush, Ratimaya Sinha. "Festivals, rituals and ethnicity among East Indians in Trinidad /". The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487944660929446.
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9
Ocita, James. "Diasporic imaginaries : memory and negotiation of belonging in East African and South African Indian narratives". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80354.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation explores selected Indian narratives that emerge in South Africa and East Africa between 1960 and 2010, focusing on representations of migrations from the late 19th century, with the entrenchment of mercantile capitalism, to the early 21st century entry of immigrants into the metropolises of Europe, the US and Canada as part of the post-1960s upsurge in global migrations. The (post-)colonial and imperial sites that these narratives straddle re-echo Vijay Mishra‘s reading of Indian diasporic narratives as two autonomous archives designated by the terms, "old" and "new" diasporas. The study underscores the role of memory both in quests for legitimation and in making sense of Indian marginality in diasporic sites across the continent and in the global north, drawing together South Asia, Africa and the global north as continuous fields of analysis. Categorising the narratives from the two locations in their order of emergence, I explore how Ansuyah R. Singh‘s Behold the Earth Mourns (1960) and Bahadur Tejani‘s Day After Tomorrow (1971), as the first novels in English to be published by a South African and an East African writer of Indian descent, respectively, grapple with questions of citizenship and legitimation. I categorise subsequent narratives from South Africa into those that emerge during apartheid, namely, Ahmed Essop‘s The Hajji and Other Stories (1978), Agnes Sam‘s Jesus is Indian and Other Stories (1989) and K. Goonam‘s Coolie Doctor: An Autobiography by Dr Goonam (1991); and in the post-apartheid period, including here Imraan Coovadia‘s The Wedding (2001) and Aziz Hassim‘s The Lotus People (2002) and Ronnie Govender‘s Song of the Atman (2006). I explore how narratives under the former category represent tensions between apartheid state – that aimed to reveal and entrench internal divisions within its borders as part of its technology of rule – and the resultant anti-apartheid nationalism that coheres around a unifying ―black‖ identity, drawing attention to how the texts complicate both apartheid and anti-apartheid strategies by simultaneously suggesting and bridging differences or divisions. Post-apartheid narratives, in contrast to the homogenisation of "blackness", celebrate ethnic self-assertion, foregrounding cultural authentication in response to the post-apartheid "rainbow-nation" project. Similarly, I explore subsequent East African narratives under two categories. In the first category I include Peter Nazareth‘s In a Brown Mantle (1972) and M.G. Vassanji‘s The Gunny Sack (1989) as two novels that imagine Asians‘ colonial experience and their entry into the post-independence dispensation, focusing on how this transition complicates notions of home and national belonging. In the second category, I explore Jameela Siddiqi‘s The Feast of the Nine Virgins (1995), Yasmin Alibhai-Brown‘s No Place Like Home (1996) and Shailja Patel‘s Migritude (2010) as post-1990 narratives that grapple with political backlashes that engender migrations and relocations of Asian subjects from East Africa to imperial metropolises. As part of the recognition of the totalising and oppressive capacities of culture, the three authors, writing from both within and without Indianness, invite the diaspora to take stock of its role in the fermentation of political backlashes against its presence in East Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op geselekteerde narratiewe deur skrywers van Indiër-oorsprong wat tussen 1960 en 2010 in Suid-Afrika en Oos-Afrika ontstaan om uitbeeldings van migrerings en verskuiwings vanaf die einde van die 19e eeu, ná die vestiging van handelskapitalisme, immigrasie in die vroeë 21e eeu na die groot stede van Europa, die VS en Kanada, te ondersoek, met die oog op navorsing na die toename in globale migrasies. Die (post-)koloniale en imperial liggings wat in hierdie narratiewe oorvleuel, beam Vijay Mishra se lesing van diasporiese Indiese narratiewe as twee outonome argiewe wat deur die terme "ou" en "nuwe" diasporas aangedui word. Hierdie proefskrif bestudeer die manier waarop herinneringe benut word, nie alleen in die soeke na legitimisering en burgerskap nie, maar ook om tot 'n beter begrip te kom van die omstandighede wat Asiërs na die imperiale wêreldstede loods. Ek kategoriseer die twee narratiewe volgens die twee lokale en in die volgorde waarin hulle verskyn het en bestudeer Ansuyah R Singh se Behold the Earth Mourns (1960) en Bahadur Tejani se Day After Tomorrow (1971) as die eerste roman wat deur 'n Suid-Afrikaanse en 'n Oos-Afrikaanse skrywe van Indiese herkoms in Engels gepubliseer is, en die wyse waarop hulle onderskeidelik die kwessies van burgerskap en legitimisasie benader. In daaropvolgende verhale van Suid-Afrika, onderskei ek tussen narratiewe at hul onstaan in die apartheidsjare gehad het, naamlik The Hajji and Other Stories deur Ahmed Essop, Jesus is Indian and Other Stories (1989) deur Agnes Sam en Coolie Doctor: An Autobiography by Dr. Goonam deur K. Goonam; uit die post-apartheid era kom The Wedding (2001) deur Imraan Covadia en The Lotus People (2002) deur Aziz Hassim, asook Song of the Atman (2006) deur Ronnie Govender. Ek kyk hoe die verhale in die eerste kategorie spanning beskryf tussen die apartheidstaat — en die gevolglike anti-apartheidnasionalisme in 'n eenheidskeppende "swart" identiteit — om die aandag te vestig op die wyse waarop die tekste sowel apartheid- as anti-apartheid strategieë kompliseer deur tegelykertyd versoeningsmoontlikhede en verdeelheid uit te beeld. Post-apartheid verhale, daarenteen, loof eerder etniese selfbemagtiging met die klem op kulturele outentisiteit in reaksie op die post-apartheid bevordering van 'n "reënboognasie", as om 'n homogene "swartheid" voor te staan. Op dieselfde manier bestudeer ek die daaropvolgende Oos-Afrikaanse verhale onder twee kategorieë. In die eerste kategorie sluit ek In an Brown Mantle (1972) deur Peter Nazareth en The Gunny Sack (1989) deur M.G. Vassanjiin, as twee romans wat Asiërs se koloniale geskiedenis en hul toetrede tot die post-onafhanklikheid bedeling uitbeeld (verbeeld) (imagine), met die klem op die wyse waarop hierdie oorgang begrippe van samehorigheid kompliseer. In die tweede kategorie kyk ek na The Feast of the Nine Virgins (1995) deur Jameela Siddiqi, No Place Like Home (1996) deur Yasmin Alibhai en Migritude (2010) deur Shaila Patel as voorbeelde van post-1990 verhale wat probleme met die politieke teenreaksies en verskuiwings van Asiër-onderdane vanuit Oos-Afrika na wêreldstede aanspreek. As deel van die erkenning van die totaliserende en onderdrukkende kapasiteit van kultuur, vra die drie skrywers – as Indiërs en as wêreldburgers – die diaspora om sy rol in die opstook van politieke teenreaksie teen sy teenwoordigheid in Oos-Afrika onder oënskou te neem.
10
Sick, Rebecca Faye. "Nonmetric trait analysis of four East Central Indiana skeletal populations". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164848.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to determine if there is a shared biological lineage among four east central Indiana skeletal populations, the remains have been subjected to nonmetric trait analysis. This technique examines the directly observable manifestations of the genome on the skeleton in order to determine if two or more groups have a shared genetic background beyond the genes that all humans share. This information supplements the archaeological information already available from the cultural remains of these groups, in addition to the metrical data.Department of Anthropology
11
Siri, Raktida Kennon Lisa R. "Indian tourists' motivation, perception, and satisfaction of Bangkok, Thailand". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9827.
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12
Nayar, Shoba. "The theory of navigating cultural spaces". Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/733.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indian immigrant women are a growing minority group within the multicultural spaces of New Zealand society. Despite Indian immigrants being the second largest, and one of the oldest, Asian immigrant groups to this country, their experiences of settling in a new and unfamiliar environment have been largely overlooked. This grounded theory study using dimensional analysis was aimed at answering the question: ‘How do Indian immigrant women engage in occupations when settling in a new environment?’ In-depth interviews and observations of participants performing daily occupations were conducted with 25 Indian immigrant women living in one of three cities/towns located in the North Island of New Zealand. Theoretical sampling with constant comparative analysis was used to guide both ongoing data collection and data analysis. Categories were examined for their relationships and dimensions to arrive at a substantive grounded theory which has been named ‘Navigating Cultural Spaces’. Performing occupations that reflected either the Indian or New Zealand cultures, or a combination of the two, were core elements in how Indian immigrant women settled in New Zealand. These ways of doing everyday tasks have been conceptualised as Working with Indian Ways, Working with New Zealand Ways and Working with the Best of Both Worlds. Working from each of these perspectives, the women sought to Create a Place in which they could ‘be Indian’ in a ‘New Zealand’ context. In order to achieve the purpose of Creating a Place, Indian immigrant women constantly shifted between the three ways of working; thus, performing occupations that allowed them to reveal as much of their Indian culture as they felt comfortable with at any given time and situation. Their actions were influenced by the people, objects and social spaces that constituted the environment in which they engaged in occupations. The significance of this study is that it reveals how the everyday occupations of Indian immigrant women are constantly modified through their interaction and interpretations of the environment, thus allowing them to move between and within the multicultural spaces of New Zealand society. This gives rise to Navigating Cultural Spaces which frames settlement as an ongoing and dynamic process and challenges the applicability of current models of acculturation in a New Zealand context. It is recommended that future research examines the migration process from an occupational perspective in order to assist with the development of migration policy and support services that best facilitate Indian immigrant women Creating a Place in New Zealand.
13
Miller, Kevin Christopher. "A community of sentiment Indo-Fijian music and identity discourse in Fiji and its diaspora /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1582037101&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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14
Brar, Navdeep K. "Acculturation and mate selection preferences among Asian-Indians in the United States". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074529.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the psychological literature little has been written about Asian-Indians residing in the United States. Still, previous writers have noted that conflicts between parents and offspring in this population frequently revolve around issues of dating and mate selection. In the current study, I investigated the relationship between acculturation and mate selection preferences among Asian-Indians in the United States. The hypothesis was that respondents who spent their childhood in India would demonstrate Eastern mate selection preferences regardless of degree of acculturation, whereas for respondents who spent their childhood in the United States, acculturation would be predictive of mate selection preferences. Results revealed that generation and acculturation were too highly related to consider them as independent constructs. Therefore, the original hypotheses could not be tested. Factor analysis revealed that the mate selection characteristics loaded onto eight factors. Acculturation was inversely related to emphasis on traditional Eastern social status characteristics in a potential mate. Results are discussed with regard to implications for counseling and future research.Department of Psychological Science
15
Kunvar, Yogita. "Reconceptualising notions of South African Indianess : a personal narrative". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017767.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The theoretical challenge of conceptualising South African Indianess is suffused with a plethora of variables that suggest complexity. While being misleadingly homogenous, Indian identity encompasses a multitude of expressions. This thesis seeks to reconceptualise notions of South African Indianess through personal narrative. The research context is contemporary South Africa with a specific focus on Johannesburg’s East Rand Reef. Inspired by the dearth of literature on contemporary Indianess this study addresses the gap in the present discourse. Following the autoethnographic work of Motzafi-Haller (1997) and Narayan (1993) the thesis presents a layered narrative by juxtaposing the experiences of research participants with my own. Using multi-sited autoethnographic data the thesis explores the question of what it means to be Indian in relation to South Africa’s Apartheid past. By drawing on concepts in popular diaspora theory and critiquing their application, the thesis illustrates the inadequacies inherent in the definitions of diaspora and suggests a broader understanding of its application. Through exploring layers of Indianess the thesis illustrates the inherent complexity in reconceptualising South African Indianess. The study suggests that as a result of changing global and local flows, South African Indians are reconceptualising what it means to be South African Indian.
16
Dawood, Zohra Bibi. "Making a community : Indians in Cape Town, circa 1900-1980s". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14957.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary in English.The contention underlying this dissertation is that ethnic identity and notions of community in South Africa are the result of several intertwined processes, which include historic interventions by the state to create 'groups' and 'nations' as building blocks for apartheid structures. These processes also encompass initiatives by those oppressed to constitute 'oppositional' communities. Both sets of activities have occurred in specific historical and material circumstances. By focusing specifically on a 'group' descended largely from merchant forebears, this study of Cape Indians examines the significance over time of the class, caste and religious cleavages within a constructed 'community'. Moreover, this dissertation discusses the effects of political currents on Indians in the Western Cape whose relatively more privileged position in relation to Indians in Natal and the Transvaal has been instrumental in isolating them from most of the events in the other provinces. It is hoped that this dissertation will contribute not only to the history of the Western Cape but, in a broader sense, also to the history of Indians in South Africa.
17
Gill, Kuldip. "Health strategies of Indo-Fijian women in the context of Fiji". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28790.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The approach of this enquiry is to describe and analyze the processes and interactions which occur when Indo-Fijian women seek health care from their medical system made up of traditional beliefs and practices, combined with alternative sources of healing such as the Biomedical system, and some Fijian practices. Throughout, I have been concerned with discovering the strategic choices and decisions which Indo-Fijians employ in their transactions with a number of traditional types of healers such as pandits, pujaris, maulvis, orjahs and dais, as well as doctors and nurses in the biomedical sector.
I have used the concept of process as basic to this enquiry and I have paid attention to those processes which display social behaviour in empirical events or situations, and thus on emergent medical systems. Thus, the approach chosen for this study is particularly suitable in the case of Indo-Fijians who arrived in Fiji as indentured labourers, and have had to adapt, to regularize their lives through situational adjustment.
The methods used for data collection were participant-observation in two Indo-Fijian settlements and in a Western Biomedical hospital, in health centres and district nursing stations; as well as the use of archival and library materials.
The enquiry, the first of its kind on health strategies of Indo-Fijian women, concludes with a chapter which discusses the interactions and processes between all medical care domains used by Indo-Fijians. Indo-Fijians do not distinguish between medical systems; their medical system Is Indian in its ideology but lacks the practice of the therapies of professionalized Indian medical systems; it has retained religious healing, reconstructed and synthesized folk healing traditions from many parts of India, as well as adding elements from Fijian healing. While it is also Western in its use of professional therapies, it lacks the ideological foundations of biomedicine.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
18
Altanero, de la Santísima Metáfora Ti5mothy John Tarek. "Power indexation in language choice in a South African Indian community /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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McRaith, Michael J. "The University of Wisconsin's mental health services and perceptions of Asian-Indian students". Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009mcraithm.pdf.
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Voigt-Graf, Carmen 1970. "The construction of transnational spaces : travelling between India, Fiji and Australia / Carmen Voigt-Graf". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27931.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the comparatively recent concept of transnationalism by undertaking an empirical study in a context that has so far not been systematically studied in this way. The transnationalism concept was pioneered in the early 19905 by scholars in the United States. The argument is that migrants and their kin construct transnational spaces which permeate various spheres of their daily life. Studies that fail to take these transnational spaces into
consideration, risk overlooking important aspects of the migrant adaptation process and the lives of migrants and their kin. This study underlines the importance of applying a transnational perspective to migration and migrant adaptation. While being credited with adding valuable new perspectives and insights, transnationalism scholars have overlooked
continuities with earlier migration concepts.
21
Carlisle, Jeffrey D. "Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Río Grande". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2816/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is a study of the Eastern Apache nations and their struggle to survive with their culture intact against numerous enemies intent on destroying them. It is a synthesis of published secondary and primary materials, supported with archival materials, primarily from the Béxar Archives. The Apaches living on the plains have suffered from a lack of a good comprehensive study, even though they played an important role in hindering Spanish expansion in the American Southwest. When the Spanish first encountered the Apaches they were living peacefully on the plains, although they occasionally raided nearby tribes. When the Spanish began settling in the Southwest they changed the dynamics of the region by introducing horses. The Apaches quickly adopted the animals into their culture and used them to dominate their neighbors. Apache power declined in the eighteenth century when their Caddoan enemies acquired guns from the French, and the powerful Comanches gained access to horses and began invading northern Apache territory. Surrounded by enemies, the Apaches increasingly turned to the Spanish for aid and protection rather than trade. The Spanish-Apache peace was fraught with problems. The Spaniards tended to lump all Apaches into one group even though, in reality, each band operated independently. Thus, when one Apache band raided a Spanish outpost, the Spanish considered the peace broken. On the other hand, since Apaches considered each Spanish settlement a distinct "band" they saw nothing wrong in making peace at one Spanish location while continuing to raid another. Eventually the Spanish encouraged other Indians tribes to launch a campaign of unrelenting war against the Apaches. Despite devastating attacks from their enemies, the Apaches were able to survive. When the Mexican Revolution removed the Spanish from the area, the Apaches remained and still occupied portions of the plains as late as the 1870s. Despite the pressures brought to bear upon them the Apaches prevailed, retaining their freedoms longer than almost any other tribe.
22
Swan, Daniel C. "West moon - east moon : an ethnohistory of the peyote religion among the Osage Indians, 1898-1930 /". Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1990.
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23
Madhavan, Susan M. "The job satisfaction level of Chinese- and Indian-born engineering faculty at a research I university". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 225 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-216).
24
Pereira, Peter. "Building bridges with Christ's love to the Asian Indian Hindu community in Chicago". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Dullabh, Neela. "An examination of the factors influencing the spatial distribution of the Indian communities in Grahamstown, King William's town, Queenstown and Uitenhage from 1880 to 1991". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines the factors influencing the spatial distribution of the Indian communities of Grahamstown, King William's Town, Queenstown and Uitenhage from 1880 to 1991. Primary sources of information were used to determine both the spatial distribution of the four communities and the factors influencing the distribution found. These primary sources included the use of directories, municipal and archival sources of information, interviews as well the work of various authors. The study found that the spatial distribution of Indians in the four study areas were similar with the Indians occupying residential and commercial premises in the central areas of the urban centres. After 1980 there was a substantial movement to other areas. Prior to 1950 the municipalities played an important role in influencing spatial distribution. However, after the introduction of the Group Areas Act, the govennment controlled Indian spatial distribution. Thus the Group Areas Act was the most important factor affecting Indian spatial distribution. Indians in small urban centres in the Cape Province were segregated and their spatial distribution was controlled both prior to and after 1950. Anti-Indian legislation and restrictions were the main factors influencing Indian spatial distribution.
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Swiatek, William J. "The residential patterns of immigrants in Greater Philadelphia a comparative study of the Indians, Koreans and Vietnamese, 1980-2000 /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 232 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459905431&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Elixhauser, Sophie. "Nammeq : personal autonomy and everyday communication in the Ammassalik Region, East Greenland". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166166.
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Kaladeen, Maria del Pilar. "With eyes of wonder : colonial writing on indentured East Indians in British Guiana 1838-1917". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is an analysis of colonial writing, as colonial discourse, on indentured East Indians in British Guiana between 1838-1917. Its themes are resistance, creolisation and cultural diversity. I will show that throughout indenture, colonial writing on East Indians in British Guiana formed as substantial a part of resistance to the system of indenture as did the actions of the indentured East Indians themselves. I will further demonstrate that textual creolisation occurred in the way in which colonists became influenced by the emerging culture of colonial Guyana. The primary sources for this thesis include Colonial Office records, Parliamentary Papers, works of literature and missionaries' correspondence. I endeavour to provide a contrast to recent studies on indenture in British Guiana by looking at the combined role of Europeans and East Indians in the reformation and termination of the system. My work is a deliberate move away from historical studies of the Indian-Guyanese that isolate them from the colony's other ethnic groups, attempting to place them in the historical context of all the ethnic groups who resisted colonisation in Guyana. Due to the relative novelty of Indian-Caribbean studies, the role in indenture of minority groups such as the South Indian 'Madrasis', Muslims and tribal North Indians or 'Hill Coolies' has been largely ignored. Where relevant, using historical evidence, this thesis will address the role of these groups in resisting indenture and colonialism.
29
Everett, Arthur R. "Developing a model for reaching Native Americans through other tribal peoples the effect of a short-term ministry trip by a tribal team from East Malaysia on the acceptance of outsiders by Pueblo Native Americans in New Mexico /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
30
Sapre, Manasi. "Memories of Motherland: Gender, Diaspora and National Identity in 1990s Indian Popular Culture". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3076/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the role of globalization, an open economy and diasporic experiences on the 1990s popular Indian culture, focusing on discourses of gender, national identity and family. Recent Indian beauty queens and international beauty contests are discussed in the context of gendered nationhood in 1990s India. Several popular films of the 1990s are discussed as narratives expressing longing for an extended family and a homogeneous national identity under the leadership of a traditional father figure. In contrast, independent films interrogate the primacy of ethnic and national identity and raise interesting questions about exilic experience. All of these forms of national and popular culture reflect the conflicting and ever-changing anxieties surrounding national identity and the role of women in India.
31
Sidhu, Kamaljit Kaur. "Acculturative stress, self esteem and ethnic identity among 2nd generation Sikh adolescents". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31520.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relationships between acculturative stress, self esteem, and ethnic identity were studied with 2nd generation male and female Sikh adolescents in grade 8, 9, and 10. Students were given the Cawte Acculturative Stress Scale, Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory, and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure. Overall, 2nd generation Sikh students were found to have a high level of acculturative stress. Within the multiple regression analysis of Acculturative Stress scores on the Full scale and Subscale scores of Self Esteem, significant relationships were found for the Full scale score and the General Self Esteem score. A multiple regression analysis of Acculturative Stress and Full scale and Subscales of Ethnic Identity did not result in any significant relationships. A Stepwise Regression analysis included as the independent variables all the Full scale and Subscale scores for Self Esteem and Ethnic Identity. It resulted in only three independent variables with significant b weights, General Self Esteem, Social Self Esteem and Ethnic Behaviors, which combined accounted for 43% of the variance (r=.66). Gender differences were found with males having significantly higher scores on Acculturative Stress and lower scores on Affirmation/belonging and Social Self Esteem than females. The school that a student attended was found to be related to scores on Other Group Orientation, General Self Esteem,
Home/peers Self Esteem,and Full scale Self Esteem. The ethnic label that a student subscribes is a good indicator of the scores on the Full Scale and Subscales of Ethnic Identity.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
32
Varghese, Suja. "Nutrition related knowledge, attitudes, practices and needs of Indian immigrants and family members in Newfoundland /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/MQ54913.pdf.
Testo completo
33
Charlton-Stevens, Uther E. "Decolonising Anglo-Indians : strategies for a mixed-race community in late colonial India during the first half of the 20th century". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:254b43ad-a0d6-4416-b451-c1ebff58ecce.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anglo-Indians, a designation acquired in the 1911 Indian Census, had previously been known as Eurasians, East Indians, Indo-Britons and half-castes. ‘Anglo-Indian’ had previously denoted, and among some scholars continues to denote, Britons long resident in India. We will define Anglo-Indians as a particular mixed race Indo-European population arising out of the European trading and imperial presence in India, and one of several constructed categories by which transient Britons sought to demarcate racial difference within the Raj’s socio-racial hierarchy. Anglo-Indians were placed in an intermediary (and differentially remunerated) position between Indians and Domiciled Europeans (another category excluded from fully ‘white’ status), who in turn were placed below imported British superiors. The domiciled community (of Anglo-Indians and Domiciled Europeans, treated as a single socio-economic class by Britons) were relied upon as loyal buttressing agents of British rule who could be deployed to help run the Raj’s strategically sensitive transport and communication infrastructure, and who were made as a term of their service to serve in auxiliary military forces which could help to ensure the internal security of the Raj and respond to strikes, civil disobedience or crises arising from international conflict. The thesis reveals how calls for Indianisation of state and railway employment by Indian nationalists in the assemblies inaugurated by the 1919 Government of India Act threatened, through opening up their reserved intermediary positions to competitive entry and examination by Indians, to undermine the economic base of domiciled employment. Anglo-Indian leaders responded with varying strategies. Foremost was the definition of Anglo-Indians as an Indian minority community which demanded political representation through successive phases of constitutional change and statutory safeguards for their existing employment. This study explores various strategies including: deployment of multiple identities; widespread racial passing by individuals and families; agricultural colonisation schemes; and calls for individual, familial or collective migration.
34
Truncer, James. "Steatite vessel manufacture in Eastern North America /". Oxford, England : Archaeopress, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=NSVmAAAAMAAJ.
Testo completo
35
Sumadraji, Sambomurthie. "An assessment of the role of narrative preaching in selected Indian churches in South Africa". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
36
Wagle, Jaya. "Homeland/Split". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404588/.
Testo completo
37
Esat, Fazila. "The social construction of "sexual knowledge" : exploring the narratives of southern African youth of Indian descent in the context of HIV/AIDS". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/226/.
Testo completo
38
Rerceretnam, Marc. "Black Europeans, the Indian coolies and empire : colonialisation and christianized Indians in colonial Malaya & Singapore, c. 1870s - c. 1950s". Phd thesis, Faculty of Economics and Business, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7626.
Testo completo
39
Neill, Dawn B. "The effect of urbanization on parental investment decisions among Indo-Fijians /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6449.
Testo completo
40
Ho, Man Yee Portia. "Some aspects of the phonological features of English spoken by school-age Indians in Hong Kong". HKBU Institutional Repository, 1995. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/89.
Testo completo
41
Jhappan, Carol R. (Carol Radha). "The language of empowerment : symbolic politics and Indian political discourse in Canada". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30656.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The question of how subordinated groups in democratic states set about shifting their political relationship with their encompassing societies has received little attention among political scientists in Canada. Groups which lack significant political, legal, and economic resources, and which are stigmatized by an inferior status (reinforced by law and policy) do not enjoy the level playing field predicted by pluralist interest group theory. Yet they are sometimes able to overcome these obstacles and to renegotiate their political and legal status. The question is how some groups are able to do this, and what strategies are available to or obligatory for groups wishing to initiate political bargaining.
According to the theory of symbolic politics developed here, disadvantaged minorities seeking political benefits from the state will typically conduct politics at the symbolic level. That is, they tend to invoke a range of political symbols and myths: first, to build in-group solidarity by presenting an analysis of a common past and present, as well as a vision of the future society, and thereby legitimate their political aspirations.
In the first stage of minority politicization, such groups must: (a) build a sense of community of interests and goals which can be said to represent the reference group as a whole; (b) reverse the stigmatic identity ascribed to them by the dominant society; and (c) find ways of competing with the dominant society, not on the latter's terms, but on alternative ideological grounds. In the second stage of politicization, minorities must: (a) create appropriate demands; (b) learn to use the mechanisms, methods and institutions of the mainstream political process; and (c) eventually routinize conflict by negotiating stable norms to guide on-going relations with government.
Subordinated groups do not normally seek purely material benefits. They usually seek symbolic benefits in the form of rights, and a redefined status within society. Thus, much of their politicking is conducted in public, and is largely devoted to capturing public sympathy which can be used as a resource against government. The political myths and symbols employed are characteristically emotive and imprecise. Political goals are presented in symbolic terms, and are advanced at the level of principle rather than substance.
When applied to the case of Native Indian politics in the Canadian context, the evidence confirms the accuracy of these hypotheses. Indians have pursued the symbolic strategies predicted by the model: the essence of their political aspirations has been captured in the symbols of aboriginal title/aboriginal rights, land claims, and ultimately, self-government; at the macro level, they have sought predominantly symbolic benefits, as represented by legislative and constitutional recognition of certain rights and privileges; and they have attempted to win public support to use as a bargaining chip vis-a-vis government. However, they have not been entirely successful in their use of the symbolic strategies outlined, and the evidence suggests that they have reached a public opinion impasse. Despite their efforts, public opinion on native and native issues has remained remarkably stable over the last twenty years, so that further effort in this area is likely to bring diminishing returns. In the end, symbolic politics, while necessary for subordinated groups in their fledgling stages of politicization, must eventually give way to more conventional political methodologies as groups become institutionalized in the mainstream political process.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
42
Vadakkan, Mary F. "SURVIVAL: CULTURE-SPECIFIC RESOURCES FOR ASIAN INDIAN ELDERS IN THE COMMUNITY". Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1115836553.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.G.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Sociology and Gerontology, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iii, 43 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).
43
Schulein, Stefanie. "The relationship between social capital and income generation amongst Indians in South Africa : an exploratory and comparative study in post-Apartheid South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50515.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite the abolition of Apartheid in 1994, the entrenched effects of discriminatory policies remain prevalent in terms of socio-economic inequalities between racial groups in South Africa. Nevertheless, throughout the Apartheid era the Indian population of South Africa seems to have maintained a distinct economic advantage when compared to Africans and Coloureds. This dynamic is indeed puzzling as these three racial groups were all subject to discriminatory Apartheid legislation. In an attempt to find an appropriate explanatory variable for this trend, I tum to the notion of social capital (social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them). Arriving in South Africa in 1860 as indentured labourers on Natal's sugar plantations, the Indian community in South Africa indeed continues to display distinct dynamics with regards to social organization in the post- Apartheid era. In light of these dynamics, this study aims to assess the relationship between levels of social capital and income generation amongst the African, Coloured and Indian communities in South Africa. It is hypothesized that a distinct set of associational networks within the Indian community, shaped by a specific historical trajectory, are directly related to the heightened income generation capacity of this racial group. The vanous dimensions of social capital assessed in this study include: membership of voluntary organizations, informal social ties, participation in religious organizations and trust. Findings indicate that it is particularly within the realm of informal social ties that Indians derive a distinct economic advantage. The effect remains once the impact of education is taken into consideration. This exploratory study therefore makes a valuable contribution towards the analysis of social capital within South Africa's different race groups, allowing for more valid indicators to be developed in the future. Future studies will need to identify the seeds which need to be planted if social capital is to grow organically, not only within, but more importantly between race groups. This will no doubt make a lasting contribution towards addressing the widespread socio-economic challenges currently faced by South Africa's emerging democracy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van die afskaffing van Apartheid in 1994, is die gevolge van diskriminerende wetgewing in terme van sosio-ekonomiese ongelykhede tussen bevolkingsgroepe in Suid Afrika nog steeds sigbaar. Nietemin het die Indiër bevolking van Suid Afrika, in vergelyking met Kleurlinge en Swartes, gedurende Apartheid 'n duidelike ekonomiese voorsprong behou. Hierdie dinamika is inderdaad verwarrend aangesien al drie hierdie bevolkingsgroepe aan diskriminerende Apartheidswetgewing onderworpe was. In 'n poging om 'n toepaslike verklarende veranderlike vir hierdie tendens te vind, ondersoek hierdie studie sosiale kapitaal (sosiale netwerke en norme van wederkerigheid en vertroue). Die Indiër bevolking, wat in 1860 as kontrakarbeiders op Natal se suikerplantasies in die land aangekom het, toon inderdaad selfs na die afskaffing van Apartheid nog spesifieke tendense met betrekkeng tot hulle onderlinge sosiale bande. Teen die agtergrond van hierdie dinamika het hierdie studie ten doel om die verband tussen vlakke van sosiale kapitaal en inkomstegenerering onder Swartes, Kleurlinge en Indiërs te ontleed. Die hipotese word gestel dat 'n duidelike stel gemeenskaplike netwerke onder Indiërs, gevorm deur spesifieke historiese gebeure, direk verband hou met hierdie bevolkingsgroep se verhoogde kapasiteit vir inkomstegenerering. Die verskillende dimensies van sosiale kapitaal wat in hierdie studie ontleed word, sluit in: lidmaatskap van vrywillige organisasies, informele sosiale bande, deelname aan Godsdienstige aktiwiteite en vertoue. Die studie bevind dat veral informele sosiale bande aan Indiërs 'n duidelike ekonomiese voorsprong bied. Hierdie bevinding bly onveranderd selfs nadat die invloed van opvoeding in ag geneem word. Hierdie verkennende studie lewer dus 'n waardevolle bydrae tot die ontleding van sosiale kapitaal tussen verskillende bevolkingsgroepe in Suid Afrika en baan sodoende die weg vir die ontwikkeling van meer geldige aanwysers in die toekoms. Sulke studies sal die saad moet identifiseer wat geplant moet word om die organiese groei van sosiale kapitaal te stimuleer, nie net binne nie, maar meer belangrik tussen bevolkingsgroepe. Dit sal sonder twyfel 'n blywende bydrae lewer om die sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings wat Suid Afrika se ontwikkelende demokrasie tans ondervind, volledig aan te spreek.
44
Boshoff, Priscilla. "Diasporic consciousness and Bollywood : South African Indian youth and the meanings they make of Indian film". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006249.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A particular youth identity in the South African Indian diaspora is being forged in a nexus o flocal and global forces . The globalisation of Bollywood and its popularity as a global media and the international commodification of the Indian exotic have occurred at the same time as the valorisation of 'difference' in the local political landscape. Indian youth, as young members of the South African Indian diaspora, are inheritors both of a conservative - yet adaptable - home culture and the marginalised identities of apartheid. However, the tensions between their desire to be recognised as both 'modern' South Africans and as ' traditional ' Indians create a space in which they are able to (re)create for themselves an identity that can encompass both their home cultures and the desires of a Westernised modernity through the tropes of Bollywood. Bollywood speaks to its diasporic audiences through representations of an idealised 'traditional yet modern' India. Although India is not a place of return for this young generation, Bollywood representations of successful diasporic Indian culture and participation in the globalised Bollywood industry through concerts and international award ceremonies has provided an opportunity for young Indians in South Africa to re-examine their local Indian identities and feel invited to re-identify with the global diasporas of India.
45
Siri, Raktida. "Indian tourists' motivation, perception, and satisfaction of Bangkok,Thailand". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9827/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purposes of the study were to: 1) identify Indian tourists' demographics and travel patterns; 2) examine Indian tourists' motivation to take the Bangkok area trip; 3) examine the level of importance of information sources; 4) identify the level of satisfaction of Indian tourists on their travel experience on the Bangkok area attributes; and 5) examine the intention to return and willingness to recommend the Bangkok area and Thailand. The findings showed that Indian tourists were motivated to visit the Bangkok area by both push and pull factors. Family and/or friends and the Internet were considered as important sources in trip decision making. Indian tourists were generally satisfied with the Bangkok area's attributes. They also showed the desire to revisit and recommend Bangkok and Thailand as travel destinations.
46
Court, Erin. "How transnational actors change inter-state power asymmetries : the role of the Indian diaspora in Indo-Canadian relations on migration". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8501d594-e5c1-47e0-9a08-24b7645f29f2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The overall aim of this thesis is to explore what emigration state power means in relation to the rules that govern international migration. This thesis challenges the conventional view that within a bilateral migration relationship the migrant-sending state is a 'rule-taker' compelled to accept the consequences of the migrant-receiving state's immigration and integration policies. Using India-Canada migration relations as its empirical case, this thesis examines how diaspora populations can serve as a transnational resource for the sending state to mitigate power asymmetries with the receiving state in bilateral migration relations. Part I of this thesis examines the Indo- Canadian diaspora's use of Canadian tribunal, electoral and lobby channels to advance immigration and integration policy outcomes that further both the interests of the diaspora and the Indian state. Part II considers the diffuse and ideational mechanisms through which the Indian state influences the diaspora's political mobilisation abroad. The diaspora's political activities in the host state, combined with the sending state's transnational influence over facets of diaspora identity, interests and organisational capacity, register important effects on Canadian migration policy that bear on the distribution of power between sending and receiving states. These effects cannot be explained on a purely inter-state model of migration relations, but are accounted for by the framework developed and applied in this thesis. The Conclusion addresses the scope conditions under which this thesis' theoretical framework and conclusions derived within it from the single-case study may allow for a wider comparative approach across other cases in future research.
47
Hughes, Delain. "Complementary Dualities: The Significance of East/West Architectural Difference in Paquimé". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4871/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis provides the first formal and phenomenological analysis of the architecture in Paquimé, otherwise known as Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. The eastern and western halves of the city are divided by a stone wall and reservoirs. The monuments on the east are rectilinear, puddled adobe structures used primarily for domestic and manufacturing purposes. The buildings on the west, on the other hand, are open earth mounds lined in stone for public displays. This thesis analyzes each building individually, the relationship of the structures to one another, and the entire layout of Paquimé in order to better understand Paquimian visual culture.
48
Rich, Lisa D. "Feminism in developing countries : the question of the South African Indian". Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014822.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study-consisted of a survey questioning the respondents perceived social problems and issues facing women. The questionnaire was given to both Indian and African college students in Durban, South Africa. It was hypothesized that the Indian women would fit Rossi's Assimilationist Model of feminism. This was supported. It was also predicted that Assimilationist feminists would be more likely to name a women's issue when questioned about social problems. The opposite was found to be true. A much stronger relationship was found when race was used instead of the feminist model. Africans were much more likely to name women's issues with regard to family interpersonal relationships when questioned about social problems than were the Indian women. The latter listed structural issues such as poverty and race relations. One explanation could be that family issues are much more salient for Africans and structural issues are important to Indian women.Department of Sociology
49
Singh, Karmjit. "Post-positivist study exploring the resettlement experience of professional Asian Indian women". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1329.
Testo completo
50
Hallendorff, Michelle-Angelique. "Ironing out haemochromatosis : a study of an Indian family". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21458.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Iron metabolism disorders comprise the most common disorders in humans. Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is a common condition resulting from inappropriate iron absorption. The most common form of the disease (Type 1) is associated with mutations in the HFE gene. The C282Y homozygous genotype accounts for approximately 80% of all reported cases of HH within the Caucasian population. A second HFE mutation, H63D, is associated with less severe disease expression. The C282Y mutation is extremely rare in Asian and African populations. The H63D mutation is more prevalent and has been observed in almost all populations. Iron overload resulting from haemochromatosis is predicted to be rare in Asian Indian populations and is not associated with common HFE mutations that are responsible for HH in the Caucasian population. The aberrant genes associated with HH in India have not yet been identified. The present study attempted to identify variants in six iron regulatory genes that were resulting in the Type 1 HH phenotype observed in two Asian Indian probands from a highly consanguineous family. The promoter and coding regions of the HMOX1, HFE, HAMP, SLC40A1, CYBRD1 and HJV genes were subjected to mutation analysis. Gene fragments were amplified employing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently subjected to heteroduplex single-strand conformational polymorphism (HEX-SSCP) analysis. Samples displaying aberrations were then analysed using bi-directional semi-automated DNA sequencing analysis to identify any known or novel variants within the six genes. Variants disrupting restriction enzyme recognition sites were genotyped employing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Mutation analysis of the six genes revealed 24 previously identified variants, five novel variants (HFE: 5’UTR-840T→G, CYBRD1: 5’UTR-1813C→T, 5’UTR-1452T→C, 5’UTR- 1272T→C; HJV: 5’UTR-534G→T, 5’UTR-530G→T), one previously described microsatellite and two novel repeats. Variants identified within the SLC40A1, CYBRD1 and HJV genes do not seem to be associated with the iron overload phenotype. A previously described HAMP variant (5’UTR-335G→T) was observed in the homozygous state in both probands. This variant seems to be the genetic aberration responsible for iron overload in this Indian family. The severe juvenile haemochromatosis phenotype usually associated with HAMP mutations, was not exhibited by the two Indian probands. Their symptoms resembled those observed in classic Type 1 HH. It is suggested that variants identified in the HMOX1 and HFE genes are modifying the effect of the HAMP variant and resulting in the less severe disease phenotype. Although this variant has only been identified in one Indian family, it could shed some light in the hunt for the iron-loading gene in India.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oorerflike hemochromatose (OH) is ‘n algemene siektetoestand wat ontstaan as gevolg van oneffektiewe opname van yster in die liggaam. Die mees algemene vorm van die siekte (Tipe 1) word geassosieer met mutasies in die HFE-geen. Die C282Y homosigotiese genotipe is verantwoordelik vir ongeveer 80% van alle gerapporteerde gevalle van OH binne die Kaukasiese bevolking. ‘n Tweede HFE mutasie, H63D, word geassosieer met minder ernstige siekte simptome. Die C282Y mutasie is besonder skaars in Asiese en Afrika bevolkings. Daar word bespiegel dat oorerflike ysteroorlading as gevolg van hemochromatose skaars is in Asiese Indiër bevolkings en word nie geassosieer met algemene HFE mutasies wat verantwoordelik is vir OH in Kaukasiese bevolkings nie. Die abnormale gene wat wél geassosieer word met OH in Indië is tot dusver nog nie identifiseer nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die variante in ses yster-regulerende gene te identifiseer wat die Tipe 1 OH fenotipe in hierdie familie veroorsaak. Hierdie fenotipe is waargeneem in twee Asies Indiese familielede afkomstig van ‘n bloedverwante familie. Die promotor en koderingsareas van die HMOX1, HFE, HAMP, SLC40A1, CYBRD1 en HJV gene is gesif vir mutasies. Geen fragmente is geamplifiseer met behulp van die polimerase kettingsreaksie (PKR) en daarna aan heterodupleks enkelstring konformasie polimorfisme (HEX-SSCP) analise blootgestel. PKR produkte wat variasies getoon het, is daarna geanaliseer deur tweerigting semi-geoutomatiseerde DNS volgorde-bepalingsanalise om enige bekende of nuwe variante binne die ses gene te identifiseer. Variante waar restriksie ensiem herkenningsetels teenwoordig is, is verder analiseer met behulp van die restriksie fragment lengte polimorfisme (RFLP) analise sisteem. Mutasie analise van die ses gene het 24 bekende variante, vyf nuwe variante (HFE: 5’UTR- 840T→G, CYBRD1: 5’UTR-1813C→T, 5’UTR-1452T→C, 5’UTR-1272T→C, HJV: 5’UTR-534G→T, 5’UTR-530G→T), een bekende herhaling en twee nuwe herhalings gewys. Variante wat binne die SLC4041, CYBRD1 en HJV gene geïdentifiseer is, blyk nie om by te dra tot die ysteroorladings-fenotipe nie. Die bekende HAMP variant (5’UTR-335G→T) is waargeneem in die homosigotiese toestand in beide van die aangetaste individue. Hierdie variant blyk om die genetiese fout te wees wat verantwoordelik is vir die ysteroorlading in die betrokke Indiese familie. Die erge juvenielehemochromatose fenotipe wat meestal geassosieer word met HAMP-mutasies, is nie waargeneem in hierdie familie nie. Hul simptome kom ooreen met die simptome van die klassieke Tipe 1 OH. Dit blyk moontlik te wees dat die variante identifiseer in die HMOX1 en HFE gene die impak van die HAMP variant modifiseer en die matiger siekte-fenotipe tot gevolg het. Alhoewel hierdie variant slegs in een Indiese familie geïdentifiseer is, kan dit lig werp op die soektog na die veroorsakende ysterladingsgeen in Indië.