Bibliografie tematiche / Earth Closet Company

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Earth Closet Company"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 26 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Earth Closet Company"

Sánchez, María Jesús, Julia Gil e José Manuel Vaquero. "Design of a Compact Camera Obscura". Physics Teacher 60, n. 4 (aprile 2022): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0029800.

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The camera obscura is a well-known optical device in the form of a closed box with a hole in one of its walls through which light rays pass, forming an inverted image of the external objects on the opposite wall, as can be seen in Fig. 1(a). Despite the simplicity of its basic design, they have been widely used by scientists and artists. In particular, dark cameras have been used throughout history to measure Earth-Sun distance. To do this, ancient scientists used cameras of enormous dimensions to accurately measure the variations in the apparent diameter of the Sun that depend on the Earth-Sun distance. This is because the farther the light travels inside the camera, the larger the projected image will be [Fig. 1(b)]. In this work, the construction of a compact dark camera for educational purposes is presented so that, having reduced dimensions, it allows the images to be very large.

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Enos, Gary. "Broad‐based virtual care company closes $44.5 million equity raise". Mental Health Weekly 32, n. 44 (11 novembre 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.33440.

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Barnwell, Nathan, Tyler Ritz, Samantha Parry, Myles Clark, Paul Serra e John W. Conklin. "The Miniature Optical Communication Transceiver—A Compact, Power-Efficient Lasercom System for Deep Space Nanosatellites". Aerospace 6, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6010002.

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Optical communication is becoming more prevalent in orbit due to the need for increased data throughput. Nanosatellites, which are satellites that typically weigh less than 10 kg, are also becoming more common due to lower launch costs that enable the rapid testing of technology in a space environment. Nanosatellites are cheaper to launch than their larger counterparts and may be a viable option for communicating beyond Earth’s orbit, but have strict Size,Weight, and Power (SWaP) requirements. The Miniature Optical Communication Transceiver (MOCT) is a compact optical transceiver designed to provide modest data rates to SWaP constrained platforms, like nanosatellites. This paper will cover the optical amplifier characterization and simulated performance of the MOCT amplifier design that produces 1 kW peak power pulses and closes three optical links which include Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Earth, LEO to LEO, and Moon to Earth. Additionally, a benchtop version of the amplifier design was constructed and was able to produce amplified pulses with 1.37 W peak power, including a 35.7% transmit optics loss, at a pump power of 500 mW. Finally, the modulator, seed laser, amplifier, receiver, and time-to-digital converter were all used together to measure the Bit Error Ratio (BER), which was 0.00257 for a received optical peak power of 176 nW.

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Ariani, Kurnia Rina, Rita Wijayanti, Mujiyati, Farid Adi Prasetyo e Maria Cristina M. De los Santos. "Board of Commissioners’ Relationship and Climate Change Disclosure: Evidence from Mining Companies". Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 8, n. 2 (11 settembre 2023): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v8i2.3047.

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Climate change is one of the most important environmental challenges, with academics, corporate practitioners, and governments all paying close attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of board qualities such as independence, nationality, and busyness on climate change disclosure. The study consists of 44 samples and 216 data observations. Secondary data were gathered from annual reports issued by sample companies between 2018 and 2022. Darus et al. (2020) generated 19 carbon emission disclosure items, which were subjected to content analysis. According to the conclusions of the study, a bigger proportion of independent commissioners and commissioners' busyness favorably affect a company's initiative to publish climate change-related information. This study adds to the limited scholarly literature on the association between board characteristics and non-financial disclosure performance. It has significant implications for managers and regulators to pay closer attention to the effectiveness of commissioners' oversight in supporting company environmental actions.

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Ara, Aniba Israt, e Arshad Islam. "The Expansion of Penang under the East India Company". Research in Economics and Management 6, n. 3 (6 settembre 2021): p31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v6n3p31.

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This study highlights that the British had long experiences in the Malay Peninsula before Francis Light’s acquisition and development of Penang, due to the central role of Malayan ports such as Kedah, Takuapa, Langkasuka, Terengganu, Palembang, Siak, and Malacca in global trade between China and India. Under the influence of Islam, Malacca (and, to a lesser extent, Kedah) became a Muslim Sultanate and reached its peak in this trading network, which attracted European traders (and subsequent colonialism), initially from Portugal and Spain, and later France, the Netherlands, and Britain. After the East India Company attained hegemony in India, it was strongly placed to extend its power from its presidencies in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. The EIC’s main focus was Bengal, where the Company founded the Fort William College as its headquarters in Calcutta. As trade with China became more important, the Malay Peninsula commensurately became a more attractive destination for investment due to its closer proximity to the Chinese sea lanes, and closer access to the Indo-Malay hinterlands and their products. In 1784, the EIC sent Kinloch to Aceh but he was unsuccessful in negotiating to establish a factory there. Nevertheless, they succeeded in establishing a foothold in Malaya with Francis Light’s embassy to Riau, Kedah, and Penang. Kedah also became prosperous under the Muslim Sultanates. Many Chinese and Indian merchants were settled there, benefitting from the trade in jungle products like camphor, betelnut, bird nests, situated near the Kedah River, was identified as a strategic location. Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah II of Kedah (r. 1710-1778) at that time was facing many internal as well as external conflicts. His son Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (r. 1778-1797) also suffered the same fate. As a result of internal crisis and dynastic intrigues, he agreed to lease Penang to the EIC in exchange for military assistance in 1785. In July 1786, Francis Light sailed from Calcutta and reached Penang in August, and thus Penang became an EIC stronghold.

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Mohlmann, Nicholas K. "Untrue Reports: Colonial Promotional Literature, Factional Rhetoric, and the Dissolution of the Virginia Company of London". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 22, n. 1 (gennaio 2022): 24–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jem.2022.a902581.

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abstract: This article examines the use of promotional rhetoric in the factional texts that record the dissolution of the Virginia Company of London in order to demonstrate that the individual forms and tropes of colonial promotional literature carried political connotations and effects beyond the general political nature of promotional literature as a whole. Through close analysis of the differences of the forms and rhetorical figures used by different Virginia Company factions, this article recovers how particular promotional tropes draw connections between commercial and colonial practices and contemporary arguments over political authority in order to support different approaches to organization. Ultimately, the article argues that close formal and rhetorical attention to colonial promotional texts is necessary if we are to fully understand their ideological effects.

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Crismer, Paul G. "When a Shift in the Approach Makes Sense". AI Practitioner 25, n. 3 (1 settembre 2023): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12781/978-1-907549-56-4-18.

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In 2012, following the subprime mortgage crisis, the Dexia group, a Franco- Belgian financial institution, was dismantled. Sybille van Steenberghe, people management director of Dexia at the time, was tasked with finding a way to make sense of having a career in a company destined to close.

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Sadagat Ibragimova, Sadagat Ibragimova. "SIGNIFICANCE OF THE METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE NON-OIL SECTOR, THE ROLE OF AZERGOLD CJSC IN THE ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC". PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 16, n. 06 (10 novembre 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc1606202163.

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Geological surveys carried out by the Closed Joint Stock Company (CJSC) AzerGold for the exploration of new deposits and expansion of production areas are giving positive results. For an effective assessment of reserves at the fields, AzerGold CJSC conducts intensive exploration work and drills deep wells in these fields. Since 2017, AzerGold CJSC has been mining Chovdar, Agyokhush, Tulallar, Marakh, Filizchay etc others and Jayirchay gold, as well as it carries out various works on fine metal deposits. The latest financial indicators of AzerGold CJSC give reason to say that it is a stable company. It is expected that AzerGold CJSC will react faster to the growth rates in the world markets due to the work carried out at new gold deposits and efficient use of resources. The net profit of a Closed Joint Stock Company has been growing at a higher rate over the years. AzerGold CJSC produces ingots and coins from Azerbaijani gold and silver in various historical designs. Bars and coins are currently sold in stores owned by Italdizain Group, Levata Group and SI Luxury World, which have a long history of selling premium goods. AzerGold CJSC will soon become better known in the local and international markets as a gold producer of the country. AzerGold CJSC issues bonds, increases the company's technological capabilities for gold production and strengthens production in order to bring more gold to the world market. Recent financial indicators of AzerGold CJSC give grounds to say that it is a stable company. The company's revenue, net profit and total capital of the company in 2019 increased several times compared to 2018. Keywords: AzerGold CJSC, geological exploration works, drilling works, production works, efficiency.

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Fikrianti, Yasinta, Bambang Priyanto e Fitria Nur Aini. "Perbandingan Analisis Finansial Sistem Kandang Closed House Semi Otomatis dan Otomatis di Peternakan Ayam Dekem Tengah Sawah". Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 11, n. 2 (22 dicembre 2023): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2023.11.2.422-431.

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The cage system is one of the supporting factors in broiler chicken farming. In general, closed house cages are the type of cages that are often used by breeders for maintenance because they are considered more efficient for production. Livestock technology in Indonesia continues to develop along with the times. In addition, financial calculations are needed in a business to find out the profit of the business being run. Ayam Dekem Tengah Sawah Farm is a company in the field of raising broiler chickens which was founded in 2016 with a population of 29,000 chickens. The company has 2 (two) closed house cages with different systems, namely semi-automatic and automatic. Using the two cage systems, the owner of the cage does not clearly know the financial benefits that have been implemented. The research was conducted at Ayam Dekem Tengah Sawah Farm, Sumberagung Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency. This study aims to determine the differences in closed house cage systems (semi-automatic and automatic) owned by Ayam Dekem Tengah Sawah Farm through financial analysis. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The study was conducted for one period of rearing broiler chickens without special treatment for livestock. The results of this study indicate that the financial analysis of the results of raising broiler chickens using an automatic closed house cage system is superior to the results of raising broiler chickens using a semi-automatic closed house cage system.

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Gerzsenyi, Dávid, Gábor Gercsák e Mátyás Márton. "A never-born Russian-language earth globe in the Virtual Globes Museum". Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 3 (29 novembre 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-3-5-2021.

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Abstract. It has been just for more than thirty years that the English-language version of the detachable structural-morphological globe of the Earth with 40 cm diameter produced by the Cartographia Enterprise won the prize of the best demonstration aid (Anson and Gutsell 1989) at the Budapest conference of the International Cartographic Association in August 1989. This success was the result of the cooperation between two education institutions (Kossuth Lajos University and Eötvös Loránd University /ELTE/) and two Hungarian firms (Cartographia Enterprise and School Equipment Producing and Marketing Company). This unique product has been the only thematic earth globe designed and published in Hungary and which was duplicated in a relatively large number. It is a rarity today. This is one of the reasons why this globe has been placed in the Virtual Globes Museum (VGM) (http://terkeptar.elte.hu/vgm). This paper gives an overview of the history of these thematic globes: the Hungarian versions made in 1986 (VGM ID 8, 9, 10) and the English versions published in 1988 (VGM ID 66, 67, 68). It introduces the immediate scientific antecedents of their birth and – being a demonstration aid – the process of publishing. The paper also presents the work with the Russian version of the globe carried out at the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics, ELTE (VGM ID 154, 155, 156). This will lead to the expansion of the number of globes in the VGM. The close relationship between the new product and the former two editions is also pointed out.

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Libri sul tema "Earth Closet Company"

Care, Adalynn ER Earth. When Getting Close Matters Think Compact Car: Earth Day Anniversary, the Planet Environmental Care Notebook Journal College-Ruled Journey Diary, 120 Pages, Lined, 6x9 Funny Gag Gifts. Independently Published, 2020.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Earth Closet Company"

Dreher, Kira. "From technical reporter to personal guide". In Corpora and Rhetorically Informed Text Analysis, 213–37. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.109.10dre.

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Plain language summaries increasingly serve as a strategy to make scientific research accessible to wide audiences. However, authors often know little about plain language audiences or their goals, so the rhetorical situation of this emerging genre remains unstable and guidance for authors remains fraught. To better understand these summaries, this chapter uses a DocuScope analysis coupled with close reading to compare a corpus of 150 AGU/Wiley Earth and Space journal abstracts with their plain language counterparts. The study yields six areas of significant difference, including less detailed information and more metadiscourse, first-person references, and language of inquiry. These differences collectively reveal the way authors rhetorically shift from the role of technical reporter to personal guide to readers. The chapter concludes with two recommendations for crafting and conceptualizing plain language summaries.

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Li, Wenjie, Kam-Fai Wong, e Chunfa Yuan. "A Model for Processing Temporal References in Chinese". In The Language Of Time, 559–74. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268535.003.0032.

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Abstract Information Extraction (IE) is an upcoming challenging research area to cope with the increasing volume of unwieldy, distributed information resources, such as information over Among them, temporal information is important in domains where the task of extracting and tracking information over time occurs frequently, such as planning, scheduling, and question-answering. It may be as simple as an explicit or direct expression in a written language, such as ‘‘the company closed down in May, 1997’’; or it may be left implicit, to be recovered by readers from the surrounding texts. For example, one may know the fact that ‘‘the company closed down before an earth- quake’’, yet without knowing the exact time of the bankruptcy.

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Yaşar, Fevzi. "Algae Cultivation in Different Systems". In Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications, 113–32. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051001122060009.

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Since algae are simple organisms that contain chlorophyll, they can be foundanywhere on earth where they can use light for photosynthesis. Although pool-typeopen systems are generally used, closed photobioreactors are also used in thecultivation of algae. The low investment and operating costs of the outdoor pools madethe system preferable in the industry. However, the difficulty of controlling theproduction conditions and the risk of contamination appears as the disadvantages of thesystem. It is necessary to compare fundamental aspects such as effective use of light inlarge-scale culture systems, temperature, hydrodynamic balance in algae culture, andmaintaining the continuity of the culture. The ideal growth of each algae species takesplace in culture media with its specific conditions. For example, Spirulina grows best athigh pH and bicarbonate concentration, Chlorella in nutrient-rich media, and Dunaliellasalina at very high salinity.

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Mookerjee, Matty, Marjorie A. Chan, Yolanda Gil, Gurman Gill, Charles Goodwin, Terry L. Pavlis, Thomas F. Shipley, Taylor Swain, Basil Tikoff e Daniel Vieira. "Cyberinfrastructure for collecting and integrating geology field data: Community priorities and research agenda". In Recent Advancement in Geoinformatics and Data Science. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2558(01).

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ABSTRACT In order to address the most important Earth science questions, field scientists must incorporate new cyberinfrastructure (CI) technologies into their workflow and replace some of the traditional, analog methodologies that still prevail today (e.g., notebook, pen, and transit compass). Geologic field data collected via analog methods are far less likely to be fully digitized and integrated with other datasets. Cyberinfrastructure allows data longevity beyond the original investigator. Digital platforms that facilitate data sharing will help break down the artificial barriers between subfields within the Earth sciences and allow researchers to ask new types of questions and provide the means to contend with those that were previously unanswerable. Close communication and coordination between field-based geologists and computer scientists will facilitate the best cyberinfrastructure and data management for the future. Through a National Science Foundation (NSF)/EarthCube–funded project, discussions between these two groups of scientists were undertaken in a field setting so that computer scientists could better understand the type of data geologists collect and how those geoscientists desire to integrate various types of data into their workflow. Similarly, geologists gained a better understanding of how computer scientists can represent, manipulate, and archive complex data in data management systems, with potential solutions to field data challenges. These discussions centered on the unique issues faced by the geological community regarding the collection, storage, manipulation, representation, and integration of field-based data.

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Rogovoy, Seth. "The Constitution". In Within You Without You, 129–40. Oxford University PressNew York, 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197627822.003.0024.

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Abstract Chapter 23 of Within You Without You, “The Constitution,” closely examines George Harrison’s second solo album, Living in the Material World. Where All Things Must Pass was loud, eclectic, and sprawling, Living in the Material World was much more compact, controlled, and intimate. If All Things Must Pass was his Declaration of Independence, Living in the Material World was his Constitution, in which he laid down the law. The album opens with “Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth),” a cousin to “My Sweet Lord” that, like its predecessor, was a repetitive prayer that captured the ears of listeners on its way to the top of the pop charts. Instead of speaking to Harrison’s spiritual life, “Sue Me, Sue You Blues,” on the other hand, addresses the harsh reality of life in the material world—specifically the legal muck in which the post-Beatles found themselves mired.

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Thomson, Peter. "Into the Lake—Deep". In Sacred Sea. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170511.003.0012.

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Dress warmly, hold your breath, and take a dive . . . You pierce the surface of Baikal at a soft angle and slip like the low rays of the high-latitude sun into a prism of liquid glass. The water molecules release their bonds with each other to embrace you. Sunlight follows you, wiggles, and scatters; the photons themselves become liquid. Sound becomes a liquid, too, thick and syrupy. Gravity loses its bearings and presses at you from all around. Normal reference points fall away— up and down, left and right—your sense of where you are comes only from subtle changes in light, temperature, and pressure. This will take some getting used to. But not to worry, here in the world’s oldest lake, still in its youth at twenty-five million years, you’ve got nothing but time. And if you put on your special magnifying goggles, you’ll see that you’ve got plenty of company, as well. You’re surrounded by a haze of tiny creatures, each no longer than a millimeter and a half. They’re Epischura baicalensis, those elfin shrimp that float through the lake, sucking massive Baikal through their little digestive tracts, feeding on algae and bacteria, pulling out impurities, and helping to keep the lake clean and clear. Epischura baicalensis are members of a group of organisms known as zooplankton—tiny animals and larva that drift and swim through the water, buffeted about by waves and currents. The miniscule creatures that make up zooplankton live everywhere, in just about every body of water on earth, and like Epischura baicalensis, many of them are little shrimp, or copepods. But Epischura baicalensis live nowhere else, and apparently can’t live anywhere else. It’s said that they can’t live even in a glass of Baikal water removed from the lake. Perhaps they die of homesickness. The water surrounding you as you float in Baikal is about as close as you can get in nature to pure H2O. It’s what aquatic scientists call “oligotrophic”— there’s very little in the way of nutrients and minerals running off into it from the surrounding landscape, and so a very limited supply of some of the basic building blocks of life.

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"The Americans are probably the most parochial people on earth. (Fowler 1991) Needless to say, they didn’t like it over there [in the USA]. (Harvey 1991) Thus Grundy’s account of the failure in the US of its most successful soap, as voiced respectively by the company’s Senior vice-president of marketing in Los Angeles, its senior vice president of business affairs in Sydney, and its Sydney publicity manager. This tale of failure contrasts starkly with that of Neighbours’s British success. Grundy’s tried out the US market by syndicating the program in a thirteen-week batch, episodes one to sixty-five, to two independent stations, KCOP/13 in Los Angeles and WWOR/9 in New York. In Los Angeles it screened Monday–Friday at 5:30 p.m. from June 3–28, 1991 before being rescheduled at 9:30 a.m. Monday–Friday from July 1–August 30, 1991. In its first and third weeks Neighbours rated 4 per cent of TV sets in the Los Angeles area, which has forty-one channels; in its fifth week, the first at 9:30 a.m. the figure dropped to 1 per cent, and thereafter it never picked up (Inouye 1992). The program was also stripped by WWOR in New York. There it ran at 5: p.m. from June 17 to September 17, 1991, with its audience averaging 228,000 – a poor figure – in its best month, July (Stefko 1992). Plans to extend its screenings to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Atlanta, and Phoenix appear to have foundered. Unlike the British case, explanations of Neighbours’s failure in the US market are drawn more from its seller, Grundy, and its buyers, KCOP and WWOR, than from the press, which in Britain sought to account for the program’s colossal success. Press coverage heralded the opening of Neighbours in the US, and subsequently ignored it (the commentaries come from seven dailies and weeklies and Variety in Alexander 1991; Goodspeed 1991; “Gray.” 1991; Kelleher 1991; Kitman 1991; Mann 1991; Rabinowitz 1991; Roush 1991). Belonging mostly to the journalistic genre of announcing a likely new popular cultural success arriving with a remarkable foreign track- record, these commentaries were closer to advertorial than to the customarily more “objective” genre of film reviewing. But since they were not advertisements as such, they did give indicative prognostications of the acceptability of a program such as Neighbours in the US market. The commentaries’ treatment of the ten textual factors contributing to Neighbours’s global successes yield important insights. The last eight categories gave these commentators no pause: women as doers, teen sex appeal, unrebellious youth, wholesome neighborliness, “feelgood” characters, resolution of differences, depoliticized middle-class citizenship, and writing skills. Indeed, all eight are clearly instanced in the highly successful Beverley Hills 90210 with the marginal modifications that their neighborliness is more school- than home-based, “middle class” is defined upwards from petit bourgeois, and writing skills are devoted". In To Be Continued..., 118. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203131855-20.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Earth Closet Company"

Hegazy, Anwar, Alison Subiantoro e Stuart Norris. "Performance Assessment of a Closed Greenhouse in a Hot Arid Australian Climate". In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72960.

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Abstract In this paper, we present a validated thermal model of a greenhouse. Then summer climatic data of a location in South of Australia (Port Augusta), known to have dry and hot summer, is used to compare the potential of different cooling technologies in providing cooling to greenhouse indoor air while considering the minimization of water consumption. Several cases are examined and compared to a reference case which is a closed greenhouse without cooling. The operation cases considered for cooling purpose are 1 - Fogging system; 2 - Single pipe Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE); 3 - Multiple pipe EAHE; 4 - combined operation of Fogging system and EAHE. Results indicated that relying on shallow geothermal energy through an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) minimized the water consumption of the fogging system reducing it from 11.6 to 4.7 kg/day. Furthermore, the results show that cooling via EAHE is the best strategy in terms of reducing water consumption without significantly affecting the temperature reduction when compared to the water reliant cooling technology fogging system. The combined operation of EAHE and fogging system managed to keep the indoor air condition at the favorable plant cultivation temperature level (20–30°C) and relative humidity (70–80%).

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Ge, Jian, Scott Powell, Bo Zhao, Frank Varosi, Bo Ma, Sirinrat Sithajan, Jian Liu et al. "A robotic, compact, and extremely high resolution optical spectrograph for a close-in super-Earth survey". In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, a cura di Suzanne K. Ramsay, Ian S. McLean e Hideki Takami. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2056970.

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Harper, William B., Robert V. Boyle e Charles T. Kudija. "Solar Dynamic CBC Power for Space Station Freedom". In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-070.

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has selected a closed Brayton cycle (CBC) solar dynamic (SD) power conversion system to provide electric power for the growth phase of Space Station Freedom. This selection was based in part on the comparitive reduction in solar radiation collection made possible by the high efficiency, closed Brayton cycle system when compared to the efficiency of static conversion systems. The smaller required collector area results in a significant reduction in drag in the low earth orbit which is planned for the Space Station. Under contract to the Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International, the Allied-Signal Aerospace Company, Garrett Fluid Systems Division is developing the Solar Dynamic Power Generating Subsystem (PGS). This subsystem consists of a solar receiver, which accepts sunlight from the multifaceted collector mirror (the concentrator), and a CBC heat engine that converts the solar heat into electricity. This paper will review the design requirements for the Space Station Solar Dynamic Power Module and present results of the PGS cycle analysis and preliminary design.

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Ftaclas, Christ, Edward T. Siebert e Richard J. Terrile. "A High Efficiency Coronagraph for Astronomical Applications". In Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wa5.

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Direct detection of extra-solar planetary systems is one of a class of astronomical problems requiring a significant reduction of diffracted light within a few arcseconds of a bright point source. Traditional approaches to diffraction reduction control have included pupil plane apodization, which extracts enormous penalties in effective collecting area to obtain small angle performance, and coronagraphs, in which high efficiency requires extensive occultation of the central source giving up a valuable portion of the field of view. We have developed a hybrid, high efficiency, coronagraph which is optimized for diffraction reduction within a few Airy radii of a bright unresolved source. The coronagraph utilizes a graded, or apodized transmission mask to occult the central source. Theoretical models have shown that the mask renders the Lyot stop more efficient while allowing some transmission very close to the parent star. For targets near the parent star we have found that the coronagraphic efficiency remains virtually independent of radius even when transmission losses through the mask are taken into account. Instead of being used to reduce the wings of a focal plane diffraction pattern, apodization is used in this design to reduce the diffraction wings of the pupil plane image. With a more compact pupil plane image, the application of a Lyot stop becomes much more efficient resulting in greatly improved performance without the loss of a valuable portion of the field of view. Theoretical results will be presented as well as data from a breadboard experiment.

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Adams, Benjamin M., e Thomas H. Kuehn. "The Complementary Nature of CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) Energy Production and Electrical Power Demand". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88704.

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CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) energy generation is a renewable technology that uses CO2 as the geologic working fluid within naturally permeable, sedimentary thermal reservoirs. In this paper, we compare the ability for CPG geothermal technology to meet electrical demand requirements, compared with other renewable technologies, for a 10MW, northern climate town near Minot, North Dakota. Wind and solar are both supply-driven technologies, capturing energy when it is available; However CPG is demand-driven—the rate at which energy is removed from within the earth is chosen to meet electrical demand. Using meteorological data, we compare estimated system performance with actual 2010 electrical load to gage each system’s ability to meet demand. CPG is found to most closely match system demand during the three-season (fall, winter, spring) year, where solar production is inversely related to demand. At the same time, wind does not track demand during any portion of the year, consistently having a large variability. None of these renewable technologies was found to track demand all year. Ultimately we show that CPG may be used to reliably track hourly demand during 95% of the year—an unattainable result for wind and solar.

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Eschelmüller, V., A. Stren, M. Issa, J. Bauer, A. Goswami, E. Vitztum, K. Repän, W. Treberspurg e C. Scharlemann. "Development of a CubeSat CLIMBing to the Van-Allen belt". In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.048.

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Based on its successful CubeSat mission PEGASUS, the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt (FHWN) is preparing its new CubeSat mission called CLIMB. CLIMB is a 3U CubeSat that will be launched to a low, circular orbit of about 500 km. Using a Field Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP) system commercialized by the company ENPULSION, the satellite will be lifted to an elliptical orbit with its apogee around 1000 km – well inside the inner Van Allen belt. During its 1.5 yearlong ascent and its operation in the Van Allen belt, the satellite will continuously monitor the space radiation with a RadFET dosimeter payload and the impact on CLIMB’s subsystems. Comparisons with radiation testing on ground will allow the assessment of the capability of ground tests to predict effects of space radiation on CubeSat subsystems. The operation of the propulsion system will raise the satellite’s apogee on average 16 times a day. A comprehensive analysis has been conducted to assess its collision probability throughout its mission time. Using various tools, provided by ESA (CROC, MASTER and the DRAMA ARES python package), the collision probability for the entire mission duration (~3 years) was calculated to be 3.38 × 10-5, i.e. a magnitude smaller than the requested probability of 10-4. The second payload of CLIMB is an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) magnetometer with a, for CubeSats high, sensitivity of about 10 nT RMS. The first results of measurements with this COTS based magnetometer are presented as well as experimental assessments of the satellite’s magnetic cleanliness. The benign thermal conditions on CubeSats operating close to Earth are complicated by the relatively high-power propulsion system onboard CLIMB. Detailed numerical analysis (ANSYS, ESATAN) and experimental verifications resulted in the identification of possible methods to deal with up to 18 W of dissipated electric power. The main heat sources are the thruster and the battery unit, during thruster operation

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Tyrell, David, Kristine Severson, A. Benjamin Perlman e Robert Rancatore. "Train-to-Train Impact Test: Analysis of Structural Measurements". In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33247.

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This paper describes the results of the train-to-train impact test conducted at the Transportation Technology Center in Pueblo, Colorado on January 31, 2002. In this test, a cab car-led train, initially moving at 30 mph, collided with a standing locomotive-led train. The initially moving train included a cab car, three coach cars, and a trailing locomotive, while the initially standing train included a locomotive and two open-top hopper cars. The hopper cars were ballasted with earth such that the two trains weighed the same, approximately 635 kips each. The cars were instrumented with strain gauges, accelerometers, and string potentiometers, to measure the deformation of critical structural elements, the longitudinal, vertical, and lateral car body accelerations, and the displacements of the truck suspensions. The test included test dummies in the operator’s seat of the impacted locomotive, in forward-facing conventional commuter passenger seats in the cab car and first coach car, and in intercity passenger seats modified with lap and shoulder belts in the first coach car. During the train-to-train test, the cab car overrode the locomotive; the underframe of the cab car sustained approximately 22 feet of crush and the first three coupled connections sawtooth buckled. The short hood of the locomotive remained essentially intact, while there was approximately 12 inches of crush of the windshield center post. There was nearly no damage to the other equipment used in the test. The measured response of the trains compare closely with predictions made with simulation models.

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Selva-Royo, Juan Ramón, Nuño Mardones e Alberto Cendoya. "Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries". In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5261.

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Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries. Juan R. Selva-Royo¹, Nuño Mardones¹, Alberto Cendoya² ¹University of Navarra, School of Architecture, Department of Theory and Design, University of Navarra Campus, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; ²University of Navarra, ICS, Navarra Center for International Development, University of Navarra Campus, 31080, Pamplona, Spain E-mail: jrselva@unav.es, nmardones@unav.es, cendoya.alberto@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Data planning, metropolitan areas, big data, urban extent, good governance Conference topics and scale: Cartography and big data Nowadays, there is a great gap between the functional reality of urban agglomerations and their planning, largely because of the traditional linkage of urban management to the administrative limits inherited from the past. It is also true that the regulation of urban activities, including census and statistical information, requires a closer view of its citizens that can only be addressed from the municipal level. In any case, it is clear that the metropolitan delimitation has met useful but often ethereal or exclusionary criteria (economic or labor patterns, functional areas...), which become disfigured by an administrative reality that does not always correspond to the real metropolis. This paper, aware of the new cartographic possibilities linked to the big data - CORINE Land Cover, SIOSE, multi-sector digital atlases (in many cases referred to the urban extent, etc.) and other open system platforms - explores the evidence that might base a new objective methodology for the delimitation and planning of large urban areas. Indeed, what if basic data for cities would arise not from administrative entities but from independent outside approaches such as satellite imagery? What if every single sensing unit (every citizen, company, building or vehicle) directly issued relevant and dynamic information without going through the municipal collection? Finally, the research analyzes the eventual implications of this data-based planning with administrative structures and urban planning competencies in force through some current case studies, with the purpose of achieving a more efficient and clear metropolitan governance for our planet. References (100 words) Aguado, M. (coord.) (2012) Áreas Urbanas +50. Información estadística de las Grandes Áreas Urbanas españolas 2012 (Centro de Publicaciones Secretaría General Técnica Ministerio de Fomento, Madrid). Angel, S. (dir.) (2016) Atlas of Urban Expansion (http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org) accessed 29 January 2017. Brenner, N. and Katsikis, N. (2017) Is the World Urban? Towards a Critique of Geospatial Ideology (Actar Publishers, New York). Florczyk, A. J., Ferri, S., Syrris, V., Kemper, T., Halkia, M., Soille, P., and Pesaresi, M. (2016). ‘A New European Settlement Map from Optical Remotely Sensed Data’, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, 1978-1992.

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Staub, Timo, e Thomas Hodel. "WIKIPEDIA VS. ACADEMIA AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN EDUCATION, WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON COLLABORATIVE EDITING TOOLS SUCH AS WIKIPEDIA". In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-001.

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Globalization has become a reality: many basic manufacturing tasks went from the Western world to China, and companies which could not cope with the ever quicker innovation pace had to close their doors. Global information, innovation and knowledge exchange have become key factors for success, and the Internet has become a major driving force behind the economical, technological and social changes which we have seen in the past years: if a company has been cut away from the Internet, in most of the cases it simply cannot work. In short, the Internet has changed the way how economies work. And the same goes for people, too: work places look different nowadays, and knowledge workers such as engineers or scientists need both a computer and an open Internet connection. This is relevant because the digital revolution has changed the way how people work, live, and learn: Numerous studies prove that Internet content which can be found on collaborative platforms such as Wikipedia is not only abundant, but also trustworthy. As a result, accurate information about issues such as physics, chemistry, medicine, history and a whole lot of other issues can be found within a matter of seconds, by anybody, anywhere, and anytime. As a consequence, the role of knowledge itself has changed: understanding and research skills have become more important, facts and figures have (probably) become less important because they can be found on the Internet anyway. Universities should be struggling with this new kind of knowledge definition: If we really wanted to focus on competencies rather than factual knowledge, why do we forbid the use of the Internet during our examinations? Even more important, should we not update all our curricula by teaching basic Internet research skills and knowledge, such as relevance feedback or information evaluation? In short, how do we define "knowledge" in a time where ideas, more or less proven concepts and descriptive texts can be found and re-used all over the place? The proposed research paper will address this issue in a rather hands-on and down-to-earth approach: Wikipedia is a typical, well-known and well-established example of a collaborative editing community publishing open knowledge, which can be re-used by anybody, be it within Academia or outside Academia. So the research questions are about Wikipedia, and collaborative editing in general: 1. What is collaborative editing, how can it be used for learning and the creation of knowledge? 2. How does Wikipedia as a collaborative editing tool work, what is the community standing behind it: who publishes on Wikipedia, how do these people collaborate, is there a hierarchy among them? 3. How does the Wikipedia quality control work? Is it efficient, how good is the factual quality of Wikipedia content? Can it even be re-used for academic work - and if so, where and how? 4. How is Wikipedia coping with new research findings, can they be found on the platform or are they rather absent? 5. What influence does Wikipedia have on research and education, how should universities cope with the fact that open knowledge can be found there within a matter of seconds? The research questions will allow us to draw some interesting conclusions about the role of open Internet knowledge (such as the one which can be found on Wikipedia) for the creation of learning and knowledge. This will be done with a special focus on Academia: for instance, how should universities define "knowledge" in a time where so many answers can be readily found on Wikipedia? In this, the paper will not strive to find big conclusions, but rather some small, interesting, surprising and - last but not least - also practical answers. The paper will be based on library research, an online analysis of the current Wikipedia tools and content, and some interviews with Swiss Wikipedia activists. The paper will be well written, and based on qualitative research.

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Wiedermann, Georg, Tobias Rudolph, Marianna Vitelli, Stefan Winkler e Razvan Luzi. "The MetOp-SG Satellite Attitude Control System - Challenges and Solutions". In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-033.

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Mission and Program Overview MetOp-SG is a European polar satellite system consisting of a constellation of two complementary satellites (SAT-A and SAT-B). The purpose of the mission is to provide observations and measurements for numerical weather prediction and climate monitoring, based on a total of ten instruments flown across the two satellites. MetOp-SG is the follow-on system to the first generation series of MetOp satellites, which currently provide operational meteorological observations from polar orbit. MetOp-SG is a collaborative programme between ESA and EUMETSAT with a total of six satellites being built by Airbus Defence and Space in a cross-national team. The program is currently in phase D with launch of the first two satellites scheduled for 2025. Three flight models of each type are built and will be launched in series to cover in total at least 21 years of in-orbit operations. The MetOp-SG satellites, each with a launch mass of over 4 tons, operate in a sun-synchronous orbit with 817 km mean altitude and Earth-oriented attitude in all operational modes. After the end of the operational mission, a controlled re-entry into the South Pacific is performed using a dedicated 400 N mono-propellant engine. Common Platform Design SAT-A and SAT-B satellites share a common platform design for efficient design and verification. The satellite avionics system is based on the AstroBus product for risk mitigation and cost efficiency. It re-uses the overall architecture, modes, algorithms, and software modules with specific evolutions to to comply with the MetOp-SG requirements. The MetOp-SG AOCS functionality is implemented in three main modes that are split into sub-modes. Initial Acquisition and Safe Mode For initial acquisition after launcher separation and solar array deployment, and in case of severe satellite failures, an initial acquisition and safe mode is used. A canted four-thruster configuration provides three-axis control torques for fast damping of the initial satellite rates deduced from the change of the magnetic field. A bias momentum in the pitch axis provides gyroscopic stiffness around the yaw axis. In steady state actuation is performed by magneto-torquers for control without the use of consumables. The solar rotation is steered using a coarse sun sensor on the solar array, which allows reliable power generation even for a rotating spacecraft. Mission Pointing During nominal operation, the AOCS provides local normal pointing including yaw steering as required for instrument operation. Attitude knowledge is provided by fusion of the three star tracker measurements in a close-to-orthogonal configuration. The required attitude knowledge allows for a cost-efficient and simple gyro-less solution. Knowledge of satellite position and velocity is provided by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver compatible with GPS and Galileo constellations, which feeds an orbit propagator to ensure position and velocity knowledge also in the case of GNSS outage. The control torque is applied by an array of reaction wheels (5 wheels on SAT-A, 6 wheels on SAT-B) with enhanced wheel management via multidimensional null-space control and L-infinity commanding. The accumulated momentum due to disturbance torques is dumped using autonomous, continuous magnetic de-saturation. To compensate the Microwave Imager (MWI) and Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) exported torque and momentum on SAT-B, an additional reaction wheel is implemented, while rate and acceleration telemetry is provided by the instruments for feed-forward to the reaction wheel array. Instrument operation is supported by the detection and prediction of orbital events like eclipse transition, solar zenith angle transition of the instrument field of view or sub-satellite point on ground, and sun entry in the instrument calibration field of view. Furthermore, the AOCS provides the guidance for the Ka-band antenna pointing mechanism to ensure correct pointing of the antenna to the ground station and the solar array steering. Orbit Control Orbit control is performed with three thruster configurations for in-plane and out-of-plane manoeuvres, for anti-velocity manoeuvres without the need for satellite slews, and for controlled re-entry manoeuvres with high thrust using a 400 N central thruster. The need for controlled re-entry results in a high propellant mass of 760 kg (68% of it for controlled re-entry) driving the controller design. The large delta-V manoeuvres for controlled re-entry are performed with a central 400 N thruster with yaw slews before and after each manoeuvre. After initial orbit lowering to 750 km perigee, the AOCS is switched to thruster-based control of the Earth pointing attitude between boosts to compensate the high aerodynamic disturbance torques. Conclusion The design solutions for all modes are presented covering hardware as well as algorithmic solutions implemented to meet the mission requirements. Specific design challenges and solutions, e.g. the design of the safe mode, impact of flexible modes, sloshing, solar array drive disturbances, and controlled de-orbit are discussed in detail..

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