Articoli di riviste sul tema "Early warning sirens"

Background and Objectives: The Tambaklorok fishing village area, located on the northern coast of Semarang City, Indonesia, is susceptible to sea level fluctuations, which often lead to tidal flooding and seawater encroaching into residential areas. Consequently, a seawater flood detector (rob) is needed for effective disaster mitigation for affected communities. This study aims to implement a disaster mitigation system by installing an IoT-based Seawater Flood (Rob) Early Warning System to reduce disaster risks and their impacts on the community. Methods: The IoT-based Early Warning System is designed to detect floods by monitoring sea level height parameters. Results: IoT-based devices measure sea level using ultrasonic sensors, with the readings processed by a microprocessor. The data is then periodically analyzed and transmitted to an application in real-time. This technology allows for real-time information dissemination through web applications and alerts in the form of sirens. These warnings enable residents to evacuate and move to safer areas. The siren alerts are categorized into two levels: Alert 1 indicates that seawater is approaching the land boundary, while Alert 2 signals that water has begun to enter residential areas. Additionally, designated evacuation zones will guide affected communities to safer areas. Conclusion: The installation of an IoT-based Early Warning System delivers real-time information to help mitigate the impact of rising sea levels (rob) in the Tambak Lorok fishing village community.

Smart Water Level Indicator The Water Level Indicator is beneficial to the public, especially to residents living in rivers. This technology can provide early warnings to residents when the water level is occupying a dangerous level and facilitates workers who control the dam of the river. This technology can alert early through sirens and notifications / messages via smartphones as well as to the river dashboard controllers capable of controlling water gates through their smartphones. The worker who controls the dam of this river no longer needs to go back to the dam's door control house to open the water dam door. Workers who are in charge of controlling dam need to stand in one place only to open their smartphones and control the dam's doorway using the fingertips. To the people living in the river, they do not have to worry about the floods that will happen in their area. They will get an early warning about the flood at any time even when they are sleeping. They will get the warning via notification on their smartphone and siren is places in a certain area to produce a loud noise so that residents can be prepared to face the disaster. It is expect that the Water Level Indicator is able to take a step further and can be use as best as possible and can help the local community

The acoustic properties of fire alarm systems are considered. The analysis and correction of the existing system of classification of fire alarm systems has been carried out. Shortcomings have been identified in the requirements for fire safety monitoring for voice alerts and for the certification testing procedure for fire-fighting voice alarms. The completeness of linguistic information, which is the basic standard for the required completeness of information for evacuees in case of fire, is analyzed. The structure of the sound field in the room is considered, taking into account interference during the operation of fire alarm systems. For real fire alarms, the necessity of using passport data is justified in order to obtain acoustic characteristics for such alarms as a source of not only direct, but also reflected sound. These characteristics can be used to calculate the sound field of the premises, as well as to obtain information about voice information for warning and evacuation control systems. The main factors influencing the fire early warning system have been identified, as well as their assessment and systematization. To form standard requirements for the results of new methods of acoustic design of warning and evacuation management systems to be developed, the disadvantages of existing methods for calculating fire alarm systems are displayed

The increased seismic activity observed in the Himalayas, coupled with the expanding urbanization of the surrounding areas in northern India, poses significant risks to both human lives and property. Developing an earthquake early warning system in the region could help in alleviating these risks, especially benefiting cities and towns in mountainous and foothill regions close to potential earthquake epicenters. To address this concern, the government and the science and engineering community collaborated to establish the Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS). The government of Uttarakhand successfully launched this full-fledged operational system to the public on 4 August 2021. The UEEWS includes an array of 170 accelerometers installed in the seismogenic areas of the Uttarakhand. Ground motion data from these sensors are transmitted to the central server through the dedicated private telecommunication network 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This system is designed to issue warnings for moderate to high-magnitude earthquakes via a mobile app freely available for smartphone users and by blowing sirens units installed in the buildings earmarked by the government. The UEEWS has successfully issued alerts for light earthquakes that have occurred in the instrumented region and warnings for moderate earthquakes that have triggered in the vicinity of the instrumented area. This paper provides an overview of the design of the UEEWS, details of instrumentation, adaptation of attributes and their relation to earthquake parameters, operational flow of the system, and information about dissemination of warnings to the public.

Mount Karangetang, located on Siau Island, SITARO Archipelago Regency, is one of Indonesia’s 127 active volcanoes, making it the nation most susceptible to volcanic eruptions. In 2015, an eruption resulted in the displacement of as many as 465 residents, the destruction of four homes, and the loss of gardens, animals, and property. In February of 2023, Mount Karangetang’s volcanic activity increased once more. This project seeks to aid the local Regional Disaster Management Agency in implementing preventative measures or evacuating residents; an early warning system for Mount Karangetang’s eruption will be created. Temperature and seismicity information will be collected through sensors deployed throughout the facility. In the meantime, the distance data is measured based on the real size of the residential location, and the height of the heated clouds is received from the observation post. The current study focuses on the development of a fuzzy logic model with four input variables and a single output variable with three levels: alert, alert, and alert. Depending on the status of the alert, the system can also emit repeated sirens for a specified length. In this study, 81 rules are utilized to determine the status of a warning.

Abstract In September 2017, in only 17 days, two enormous earthquakes triggered Mexico’s earthquake early warning system (EEWS) in a unique sequence of events that tested its capabilities. Through a series of unforeseen circumstances, including a test and an accident, during those two and a half weeks, the EEWS was also activated three additional times. The EEWS presents several remarkable strengths. Mexico’s entire emergency management system is relatively well resourced and has helped produce a more resilient culture that appreciates the alert system. Public agencies in all levels of government work in close coordination. However, the system has not been able to overcome continual political expediency and general public distrust of some of its components. The consequence is an alert system that is relatively strong in Mexico City but leaves much of the rest of the country unprotected. But even in Mexico City, the system suffers from extensive concealed vulnerabilities that put the population and the city’s infrastructure at risk. In this paper, I analyze two specific weaknesses. The first is a result of weak regulations and inappropriate business models, which impacts the country as a whole. The second is essentially a local complication resulting from the increased risk generated by the excessive trust of the population in the sirens that are so characteristic of the system. The data were collected during a reconnaissance trip organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) in October 2017.

There is a growing need to introduce warning dissemination systems in disaster-prone regions to improve the coverage of information distribution. In this study, a warning dissemination system was designed in which disaster information transmitted by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is received by terrestrial infrastructure, such as sirens and public transportation, converted into audio messages, and delivered automatically. The originality of the designed system lies in its appropriate integration of existing satellite systems and terrestrial infrastructure, making the system potentially applicable in many regions. First, we evaluated the effectiveness of the designed system in distributing audio messages using public buses in Brisbane, Australia, where large floods occur frequently. Real-time location information for public buses was acquired in the format of General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), which is currently used in many countries. Time-series changes in the coverage rate relative to both the flood inundation zone and population were calculated using a geographic information system (GIS). The simulation results showed that the system could reach 60% of the flood inundation zone and 70% of the population on a holiday, indicating that the designed system could be effectively adapted to the target area. The coverage rate was found to peak during 15:00–16:00, with minimum rates observed late at night and early in the morning. These results will allow the development of an effective disaster management plan. In the future, this system will be evaluated in other regions using the same calculation process.

According to official data from EM-DAT (the International Disaster Database for Disaster Epidemiology) in 2021, the number of catastrophic events related to natural disasters worldwide was 432, exceeding the average annual number of 347 from 2001 – 2020. In this context, a study involving 240 citizens from 31 different countries who were temporarily residing in the city of Pleven was conducted. This study aimed to gauge their willingness to take adequate action and provide medical assistance in various disasters. All foreign citizens temporarily residing in Pleven had experienced a disaster situation, with over half having experienced more than one. However, the awareness among these two analyzed groups about potential disaster threats was found to be very low. Our study revealed low awareness and a lack of willingness to act during disasters. Only 20% were familiar with early warning sirens; more than half did not have home or property insurance; 88% did not possess an evacuation backpack; and only 15% were knowledgeable about collective remedies. The study's results highlight the need for systematic, in-depth work from responsible institutions to prepare foreigners for potential disasters and accidents.

Forest fires in a number of areas in Indonesia have become more frequent in recent years. This incident raises many problems in various areas of life. The Indonesian government has and continues to make preventive and curative efforts to minimize the occurrence of forest fires and the losses that occur. In line with the government's efforts, this paper proposes the design of a forest fire early warning system based on a sensor network and Short Message Service (SMS). This system consists of a subsystem on the forest side and a subsystem on the observation office side. The subsystem in the forest uses a sensor network of fire detector modules, smoke of MQ2, temperature and humidity of DHT11 to read the state of the forest, and utilizes the microcontroller of ATmega16 to acquire and process forest state data. Data processing that produces indications of forest fires will trigger the sound of sirens to convey these indications quickly to the people living around the forest. The data is sent to the observation office subsystem via SMS packets of GSM network. The monitoring application receives data of forest conditions and stores them in a database for further data processing.

A survey was conducted of 240 Bulgarian citizens from the Danube region, the Republic of Bulgaria, to study their awareness and readiness for protection and proper behavior in floods. The participants in the study were divided into two age groups: young from 18 to 39 years and mature from 40 to 64 years. The respondents live in two municipalities from the Danube region - a small municipality of Svishtov and a larger municipality of Pleven. Assessment of the awareness and readiness for proper behavior and protection of the studied group of 240 persons permanently living in the Danube region: - A small percentage of the two surveyed groups know who organizes and provides assistance to flood victims - 47% of the young and 38% of the mature group. - The percentage of sirens for early warning of danger is small in both groups of bags - 47% from a young group and 30% from an adult group. - The two age groups showed in the survey that they are well informed about the main causes of past dangerous floods in the municipalities where they live (65% correct answer in the adult group and 44% correct answer in the young group). - Below 50% in both groups is the level of awareness about problems related to deforestation, excessive deforestation and long-lasting forest fires. - Half of 50% of both age groups know in advance where to look for information related to floods or other natural threats. - There is a large percentage in both groups, 66% mature and 81% young group, who expressed in the survey a desire to increase their own knowledge and to improve and build the right behavior for protection in case of potential flood or another disaster.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan tentang tugas, peran serta prosedur standar pengambilan keputusan lembaga Pusat Pengendalian Operasi Penanggulangan Bencana (Pusdalops PB) di dalam implementasi kebijakan Sistem Peringatan Dini Tsunami (InaTEWS) di Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan induktif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan uji kredibilitas dan teknik analisis data mengunakan model interaktif yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Pusdalops PB mempunyai tugas dalam menganalisa informasi dan diseminasi informasi. Mempunyai wewenang mengaktivasi sirine InaTEWS, memberikan arahan evakuasi, mengarahkan seluruh potensi lembaga dan masyarakat, serta mengatur dan mengawasi implementasi kebijakan. Prosedur pengambilan keputusan arahan evakuasi yang disebarkan kepada masyarakat adalah berdasarkan informasi dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG). Keputusan yang diambil tersebut, kemudian harus diteruskan kepada Gubernur dan atau Musyawarah Pimpinan Daerah Bali.This study aims to find out and explain the tasks, roles and standard procedures of the Pusat Pengendalian Operasi Penanggulangan Bencana (Pusdalops PB) decision-making agency in implementing the Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS) in Bali. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and inductive approaches to data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity checking techniques use the credibility test and data analysis techniques using an interactive model that is data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions/verification. The results showed that Pusdalops PB has the task of analyzing information and information dissemination. Has the authority to activate InaTEWS sirens, provide evacuation directions, direct all institutional and community potentials, and manage and oversee policy implementation. The decision-making procedure for evacuation directives distributed to the public is based on information from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The decision taken must then be forwarded to the Governor and or the Bali Regional Leadership Conference.

Intisari — Selama periode Januari-Februari, umumnya penyebab banjir yang terjadi dikarenakan curah hujan yang tinggi dan sungai-sungai yang meluap. Siklus penanganan banjir meliputi pemberitahuan, penyebaran informasi prakiraan banjir, reaksi cepat dan bantuan penanganan darurat banjir serta perlawanan terhadap banjir. Sistem informasi banjir ini dibuat agar dapat meminimalisir dampak bencana banjir bagi daerah yang belum mempunyai stasiun pemantau banjir, dirancang menjadi 3 bagian yaitu Node, Master Node, Jalur Informasi. Bagian Node digunakan untuk mendeteksi tinggi muka air pada daerah aliran sungai rawan banjir menggunakan sensor ultrasonik. Bagian Master Node digunakan untuk mendeteksi curah hujan harian dengan sensor tipping bucket, menerima data dari bagian Node serta membunyikan sirine saat tinggi muka air sungai mendekati tanggul sungai. Komunikasi antara Node dan Master Node menggunakan LoRa SX1278. Bagian Jalur Informasi memonitor data tinggi muka air sungai dan curah hujan harian untuk penduduk daerah aliran sungai dan stakeholder penanggulangan banjir melalui aplikasi Blynk pada smartphone. Dari hasil pengujian diketahui LoRa SX1278 mampu berkomunikasi pada area outdoor berpenghalang 600 meter dan outdoor tanpa penghalang hingga 900 meter. Waktu respon rata-rata notifikasi dan peringatan dini diterima kurang dari 3 detik. Kata kunci — Sistem Informasi Banjir, sensor ultrasonik, tipping bucket, LoRa SX1278, Blynk. Abstract — During January-February period, generally the caused of flooding were due to high rainfall and overflowing rivers. The flood management cycle included notification, dissemination of flood forecast information, rapid response and assistance for flood emergency management and flood resistance. This flood information system was created in order to minimize the impact of flood disaster for an area that did not yet had a flood monitoring station. This system was designed into 3 parts, namely Node, Master Node, Information Path. The Node section used ultrasonic sensor to detect water level in flood-prone watersheds. The Master Node section used a tipping bucket sensor to detect daily rainfall, received data from the Node section and sound a siren when the river’s water level approach the river embankment. LoRa SX1278 was used to communicate between Node and Master Node. The Information Line section was used to monitor the river’s water level data and daily rainfall for watershed residents and stakeholders for flood prevention through the Blynk application on smartphones. Based on test result, LoRa SX1278 was able to communicate in outdoor areas with barriers until 600 meters and outdoor areas without obstacles up to 900 meters. The average response time for notifications and early warning sirens were less than 3 seconds. Keywords— Flood Information System, ultrasonic sensor, tipping bucket, LoRa SX1278, Blynk.

After the earthquake and tsunami in Aceh on December 26, 2004, the government has developed an early warning system calledInaTEWS (Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System) using a tsunami siren that aims to build community capacity to prepare and take action on tsunami hazards. The purpose of this study was to determine public knowledge, the benefits of siren activation, sound range and public perception of tsunami siren activation. Data collection uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods with instruments in the form of a validated questionnaire. Respondents involved were people who lived within a radius of 1 km, 2 km, and 3 km from the tsunami siren point. H asyl research shows that people's perceptions of tsunami siren activation vary , with the level of community knowledge being classified as good (with an average value of 77 , 25 %), as well as the benefits of tsunami siren activation being considered good by the community (with an average rating of 76 , 05%). The range of siren sounds is still quite sufficient (with an average value of 74 , 44 %) and the average public perception of siren activation as a whole is 76% with a good category. Even though the category is good, the average score is not maximal yet. Therefore, to increase knowledge and benefit from tsunami siren activation, awareness and care from the community must be raised. The government must also continue to deliver disaster information on an ongoing basis so that the community can fully understand the function of the tsunami siren.

Lora technology is implemented on prototype to carry out a Tsunami early warning system by sending a trigger code to sound the arduino. the sender uses Dragino LoRa LG01 outdoor while on the other side uses Dragino LoRa node and Arduino Mega. Triggers are input data from Dragino LoRa Gateway in form of string of data which is then converted and sent via LoRa communication. The data that arrives at the node will trigger the program to turn on the siren that has been keep in Arduino Mega. The application of this LoRa is to turn on the sire with a maximum distance. In this research also calculated the capacity of resource at the node that will be sent to the Gateway each time the trigger code is sent. Tests carried out in sub-urban areas with several distance parameters. The maximum distance that can be reached is 500 meters with Receive signal strong indicator (RSSI) -95. While the average time span since the trigger is sent untill the siren is sounded is 0.45 seconds.

<p>El terremoto de Ecuador ocurrido el 16 de abril de 2016, con una magnitud de 7.8, generó un pequeño tsunami local, evento registrado claramente por el sistema de boyas DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis), el cual le tomó menos de diez minutos en arribar a las costas de Esmeraldas. Ecuador tiene el riesgo de un tsunami de gran magnitud cerca de su costa. Bajo el escenario de un tsunami cerca de la costa ecuatoriana, un sistema de alerta temprana de tsunami para alertar a las ciudades costeras vulnerables basado en las lecturas de las boyas de tsunami localizadas en aguas ecuatorianas es mandatorio. Este artículo describe el diseño de un sistema de alerta temprana para la costa ecuatoriana basado en terminales satelitales de ráfaga corta instalados en las boyas de tsunami cerca de la costa ecuatoriana y sirenas de alerta temprana localizadas en ciudades costeras. El sistema propuesto instalado en las boyas de tsunami tiene acceso a las lecturas del BPR (Bottom Pressure Recorder). En caso de un evento de tsunami registrado por el BPR, el sistema automáticamente envía una trama de datos para activar las sirenas de alerta temprana en las ciudades costeras. El sistema propuesto se basa en microcontroladores de bajo costo con código abierto y paneles solares con ultracapacitores como unidad de almacenamiento de energía para asegurar larga duración sin mantenimiento significativo. Basados en las pruebas de campo, este diseño para un sistema de alerta temprana de tsunami totalmente autónomo resultó apropiado para proteger a la población de las ciudades costeras ecuatorianas.</p>

El presente estudio se refiere al diseño de un sistema de alerta temprana de tsunamis en el cantón General Villamil, Playas, monitorizado y controlado desde el Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada (INOCAR), ubicado en la Base Naval Sur de la ciudad de Guayaquil. En el mismo se detalla el diseño del sistema, la tecnología de transmisión seleccionada con los terminales más idóneos que serán necesarios instalar, la determinación de los lugares en el cantón General Villamil Playas, provincia del Guayas, donde se colocarán las sirenas electrónicas, así como el tipo de red que se usará para activar los dispositivos acústicos. Adicionalmente, se describen las características principales de las sirenas requeridas para el sistema, se detalla el diseño del software que administra remotamente los terminales acústicos así como la comunicación GSM entre sirenas mediante la utilización de arduino, y se calcula la cobertura de cada una de las sirenas del sistema de alerta temprana.AbstractThis study refersto the tsunami early warning system in canton General Villamil Playas, monitored and controlled by the Navy Oceanographic Institute, located in the Southern Naval Base in Guayaquil city. It details the design of the system, the transmission technology selected with the most suitable terminals that will be necessary to install, the determination of the places in the canton General Villamil Playas, Guayas province, where the electronic horns will be located, as well as the type of network that will be used to activate the acoustic devices. Additionally, the main features of the horns required for the system are described, the software design that remotely manages the acoustic terminals as well as the GSM communication between horns through the use of arduino are detailed, and the coverage of each horn of the tsunami early warning system is calculated. Keywords: Arduino, GSM, GPRS, satellites, tsunamis.

Abstract Eccentricity of the inspiraling compact binaries can greatly improve the distance inference and source localization of dark sirens. In this paper, we continue the research for the space-borne atom interferometric gravitational-wave detector AEDGE and investigate the effects of eccentricity on the dark sirens observed by AEDGE in the mid-band. We simulate five types of typical compact binaries with component mass ranging from 1-100 M ⊙. The largest improvement for both distance inference and localization can be as much as 1.5–3 orders of magnitude. We then construct the catalogs of dark sirens observed by AEDGE in five years. We find eccentricity is crucial to the detection of golden binary black holes (BBH) whose host galaxy can be uniquely identified. With only 5–10 golden dark BBHs one can obtain a 2 percent precision measurement of H 0 which is sufficient to arbitrate the Hubble tension. Regardless of eccentricity, AEDGE can also observe tens of golden binary neutron stars (BNS) and neutron star-black hole binaries (NSBH) with unique host galaxies. These golden dark sirens can serve as early warnings for the follow-up observations of gravitational waves in the high frequency band as well as the search of their electromagnetic counterparts. Our results show eccentricity is a crucial factor in the detection, data analysis, and application of GWs with the atom interferometers in the mid-band.

An early warning system is very important to implement to minimize losses received when a disaster occurs, one of which is a landslide disaster. An early warning system for landslides is carried out so that people can find out the signs of a disaster that can be accessed anywhere, so they can prepare themselves. For this reason, a tool is needed that can detect and provide early warning of landslides to the public which can be accessed through the website. In this study, a website-based landslide detector has been designed using a soil moisture sensor to measure it and the MPU6050 sensor to measure the slope of the soil. Sensor data will be displayed on the LCD and sent to the database and can be monitored through the website. The avalanche detector made is powered by a 15 V DC battery to provide 5V output to the NodeMCU ESP8266. Soil moisture sensor, MPU6050, LCD I2C, LED, and relay work at 5V. A Relay is used to turn on the siren at 12V voltage. Based on our research, the soil moisture measurement value between the sensor and the comparison device is around 1.55% and the soil slope measurement value between the sensor and measuring tool is around 0.14%, these two factors influence each other. The measurement error is still fairly normal according to the soil moisture sensor datasheet and MPU6050, which are ±3% together

Abstract The headwater phenomenon is common in tropical waterfall and upper stream of Johor Eco-Park and threatens the visitors. Prior to that, an IoT system has been developed to issue early warning alert to the eco-park users on headwater risk. This paper presents the first life cycle report for the early headwater risk system in Gunung Pulai and Gunung Belumut Eco Park. Adapting the spiral development life cycle (SDLC), the system has completed its first complete spiral cycle whereas it has been implemented. This first SDLC report consists of four different parts: (i) problem and risk management, (ii) framework, (iii) system development, and (iv) testing and implementation. The alert on the site was triggered by the warning siren at the strategic locations. Simultaneously, the alert was also triggered in the web system and phone application to the eco-park management and prospective users to prevent from entering the premises. An auto generated report were also issued to provide potential disaster information for further action from the respective authorities. The developed system is subjected to be improved in the 2nd cycle by addressing several drawbacks including telecommunication signals, noise minimization, and threats from wild animals to the devices.

In 2020 a number of areas in DKI Jakarta were hit by floods, one of which was the North Tanjung Duren Village, Grogol Petamburan District, West Jakarta. The extreme rainfall of 377 mm/day has flooded almost all areas of DKI Jakarta and its surroundings. In addition, poor drainage causes water to stagnate, causing flooding. However, the absence of an early flood information system makes residents restless when the rainy season arrives. The Community Service (Community service activity) activity carried out aims to provide training to the community in the Tanjung Duren Utara Village area RW 04, RT 0010 regarding water level detection equipment placed in culverts. This tool serves to provide early information if the volume of water in the culvert is full of information in the form of a siren sound. The method used in this Community service activity activity is to provide online counseling and training to the community in RT 0010 / RW 04, North Tanjung Duren Village, Grogol Petamburan District, West Jakarta. The results obtained are an increase in public understanding regarding the dangers of flooding to household electricity, as indicated by the results of the pre-test and post-test which are obtained an average of 43 and 90, respectively. Public understanding of the dangers of flooding to electricity has increased up to 109.3%. In addition, the average partner satisfaction with the material presented is 92%, this shows that the material presented by the presenters team is very useful for the extension participants.

The rise of child abductions often occurs because of weak parental supervision and weak vigilance of strangers who intentionally or unintentionally approach children. Early warning when a child is approached by an unknown person can cancel the intention of the kidnapper. Indeed, CCTV can be used as a tool to thwart crime. Face Recognition is one of the best biometric recognition systems for identifying someone whose body or DNA has certain characteristics that distinguish one person from another. This research resulted in the right collaboration between CCTV which is equipped with the YOLOv8 algorithm which can detect a human object in real-time and also utilizes face recognition which can prevent child abduction by providing an early warning to kidnappers when approaching children. The results of the first test are the optimal combination using 3 cameras and the CNN method and the shooting time in the afternoon. This combination succeeded in providing an early warning in the form of a siren whose sound is issued with the help of a loudspeaker when a child is left alone and approached by an unknown person with the distance between the camera and the object to be detected as far as 1 meter to 3 meters which takes 15 seconds to 22 seconds to complete the detection process in an image. Then the results of further testing with 6 cameras using the LBPH method take between 17 seconds to 18 seconds to complete the detection process in an image, SVM takes 20 seconds to 42 seconds and CNN takes 17 seconds to 24 seconds.

Praktik Baik ini bertujuan untuk (1) Merencanakan pemrograman, (2)Mengimplementasikan ADEBA (Alat Deteksi Banjir) pada Kompetensi Dasar Pemrograman Mikroprosesor dan Mikrokontroler siswa kelas XI TAV 1 di SMKN 1 Lengkong sebagai Upaya Dini Siaga Bencana. Bencana Banjir yang sering terjadi pada musim penghujan perlu sebuah alat sebagai pendeteksi dini sebelum terjadi bencana banjir di daerah rawan banjir. Praktik baik ini mempermudah siswa dalam mempelajari materi Pemrograman Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. ADEBA (Alat Deteksi Banjir) merupakan sebuah alat berbasis Arduino Uno yang diprogram sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat menampilkan volume air pada posisi Aman, Siaga dan Bahaya. Dengan dilengkapi peringatan berupa lampu indikator, buzzer, LCD. Peringatan lampu dan LCD di tujukan bagi penderita tuna rungu sehingga bisa melihat jika debit air sudah memasuki aman, siaga, dan bahaya. Peringatan buzzer ditujukan bagu penderita tuna netra sehingga bisa mendengar tanda siaga dan bahaya. Hasil Praktik Baik Implementasi ADEBA (Alat Deteksi Banjir) menunjukkan bahwa (1) Perencanaan Pemrograman Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dengan perintah LED menyalakan lampu tanda, BUZZER membunyikan sirine tanda dan LCD mengeluarkan text. Pemrograman tersebut rata-rata dikuasai oleh 87 % siswa (2) Implementasi selama pembelajaran yang dikelola oleh guru memperoleh hasil 3,58 dikategorikan sangat baik. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan implementasi ADEBA (Alat Deteksi Banjir) dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif sebagai deteksi dini siaga bencana. Yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. This Good Practice is aimed to (1) Plan programming, (2) Implement ADEBA (Flood Detection Tool) in the Basic Competency of Microprocessor and Microcontroller Programming for class XI TAV 1 students at SMKN 1 Lengkong as an Early Disaster Preparedness Effort. Flood disasters that often occur in the rainy season require a tool as an early detection tool before a flood disaster occurs in flood-prone areas. This good practice makes it easier for students to learn Arduino Uno Microcontroller Programming material. ADEBA (Flood Detection Tool) is an Arduino Uno-based tool that is programmed in such a way that it can display the volume of water in the Safe, Alert and Danger positions. Equipped with warnings in the form of indicator lights, buzzers, LCD. The warning lights and LCD are intended for hearing impaired people so they can see if the water flow has entered safe, alert and dangerous. The buzzer warning is intended for blind people so they can hear alerts and danger signs. The results of Good Practice Implementation of ADEBA (Flood Detection Tool) show that (1) Arduino Uno Microcontroller Programming Planning with the LED command turns on the warning light, the BUZZER sounds the warning siren and the LCD displays text. On average, 87% of students mastered this programming. (2) Implementation during learning managed by the teacher obtained a result of 3.58 which was categorized as very good. It can be concluded that the implementation of ADEBA (Flood Detection Tool) can be an alternative for early detection of disaster preparedness. Which are used in learning and in everyday life.

This paper presents the design of a wireless flood sensor to detect the presence of water on home floors, providing early warning of water leaks. A wireless sensor network has been deployed to gather the measurements from the sensor nodes. A control central coordinates the network and processes the data. Users can remotely inquire for the presence of water, status of the batteries for a specific node, the type of liquid and information about its functionality and alarms, thanks to a proprietary software application. The alerts are also communicated to the user within the home through an audible siren. The designed device is optimized in terms of costs, ease of deployment and maintenance, thus making it widely acceptable to end users.

Batu Bengkung Beach in Malang Regency has excellent potential as a natural tourist destination. However, the natural condition which is an area prone to tsunami disasters also cannot be ignored. Safety considerations and minimizing casualties are the main reasons this tour aims to make adjustments to aspects of tsunami disaster mitigation. Likewise for the sustainability of tourism in the future. The method carried out is through qualitative and quantitative data research. Direct observation at the location is also needed to determine exactly the existing conditions, as well as interviews with several resource persons as data reinforcement. The result is the application of aspects of tsunami disaster mitigation that are relevant to existing natural conditions. Aspects of tsunami disaster mitigation that can be applied are, first, the determination or determination of evacuation locations and evacuation routes. By utilizing natural conditions surrounded by hills, these conditions can be an ideal evacuation location. The second early warning is in the form of an alarm or siren warning of a tsunami. Aims to notify of the tsunami disaster and is expected to evacuate immediately. The third erected vertical evacuation buildings in the form of tsunami shelters that met FEMA guideline standards. And finally regular disaster mitigation simulation training.

Soyo Hamlet is led by Mr. Suranto as the head of the hamlet. The hamlet itself consists of eight RTs with 173 family heads. The hamlet is located in a mountainous area in the Kulon Progo district. Soyono Hamlet is bordered by Sidomulyo Hamlet and Mount Kelir Hamlet. Soyo Hamlet, which is located in a mountainous area, has many problems. One of the problems that have come to our attention is the problem of vulnerability to natural disasters. Natural disasters that often occur in the village are landslides. It is feared that in the rainy season like today, heavy rains can cause landslides. Based on the above problems, this community service designs and implements a landslide early warning tool. This tool is made using the main component is a microcontroller which is used as a data processor, a sensor uses a potentiometer to detect ground movement, and a siren. In addition to installing landslide equipment, this community service also provides lessons on landslide recovery

AbstractIndonesia is one of the areas prone to disasters, especially floods. The impact of flooding can be reduced if the community is better prepared to face the coming flood. Therefore we need an early flood detection tool that can give a signal to the community through early warning so that the community can be more alert in facing flood disastersThe results of this design make two systems, the main control system and the receiving system. The main control system consists of an ultrasonic sensor, SIM800L module and NodeMCU Wi-Fi module. The receiving system consists of a SIM800L module and a siren. The results showed that the ultrasonic sensor used has a good level of accuracy with an error value <1%. The results of SMS testing have a delay until the SMS to the recipient is around 5-10 seconds. The test results also show that 4G network technology has 100% delivery accuracy and 3-4 seconds delivery delay per data. The final result shows thatthe system is able to work as desired and is able to be well connected to the web server.Keyword:Flood Disasters, SIM800L, Ultrasonic sensor, Web Servers, SMS

This paper gives the brief design of the hardware model & its development of a fire alarm circuit in crowded places is presented in brief. Fire Alarm Circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates the Siren Sound or Buzzer. Fire Alarm Circuits are very important devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people or property. Fire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the security systems which help in detecting or preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems and Smoke Sensors in commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres, shopping malls and other public places is compulsory. There are many expensive and sophisticated Fire Alarm Circuit in the form of stand-alone devices, but we have designed five very simple Fire Alarm Circuits using common components like Thermistor, LM358, Germanium Diode, LM341 and NE555.This is a very simple alarm circuit using Thermistor, LM358 Operational Amplifier and a Buzzer. The primary purpose of fire alarm system is to provide an early warning of fire so that people can be. evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop or eliminate of the fire effect as soon as possible Alarm can be triggered by using detectors or by manual call point (Remotely). The work presented here is the mini-project work of the second sem students of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department of Dayananda Sagar College of Engg., Bangalore.

AbstractThis paper tells the story of a landslide, its origins, its activity and the actions undertaken to mitigate the risks that it poses. The Rotolon landslide is a large Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DGSD), located in the Eastern Italian Alps, whose unremitting movements provide a sediment supply for large-scale debris flow events. It has been active since at least 1789, threatening the valley where the thermal baths town of Recoaro Terme is located. In 2010, a major reactivation of the landslide channelled 320,000 m3 of material towards the town causing significant concern, the evacuation of the exposed population and threatening several buildings. A few days after the emergency, the personnel of the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection of the Italian Research Council (IRPI-CNR) deployed a monitoring system consisting of an automatic total station, several extensometers and web cameras to monitor the evolution of the unstable slope and set up an early warning and alarm system equipped with sirens to warn the local population. Subsequently, after the emergency phase, the 2010 event was studied through multi-temporal LiDAR Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and modeling. The authors have continued monitoring and actively studying this landslide ever since. In 2020, a new LiDAR survey of the area allowed assessment of the sediment dynamics within the catchment through the comparison with the post-2010 event LiDAR DTM. Based on DEM of difference maps, new insight into the behaviour of the catchment emerged, which appears to be influenced both by natural processes and anthropic activities. The authors were able to assess the amount of sediment that could be stored in the channel without causing overflooding and to calculate the expected damage to the built environment should another event occur. Furthermore, the considerable amount of data collected by the monitoring system throughout the years has allowed identification of two active sectors of the DGSD that may be prone to detachment, and through numerical modeling, future hazard scenarios were produced. Based on these outcomes, a second-tier targeted monitoring campaign was implemented, consisting of a network of four permanent GNSS receivers, additional topographic benchmarks and web cameras, and a new early warning protocol, in an ever-updating cycle of monitoring, modeling and mitigation.

Every year, flood impose substantial economic, social and environmental cost on Nepalese community through direct damage to residential, commercial, educational and structures. Moreover, the flood destroys animal farm, commercial stock and records and other content of the building and pollutes the water. Early Warning Systems are important to save such lives and properties which involves computer, satellite data and high accurate operating system but this system is very costly in terms of installation as well as operation and maintenance leading to hindrance in the sustainability of the system. However, high-tech technology is very expensive and not feasible in Nepal and therefore low-cost and easy operating system is needed in the rural parts of Nepal. The system includes Solar panel, Siren, Ultrasonic sensor, processing unit, and battery. The ultrasonic sensor sense water level and the siren will automatically start. The threshold can be set up according to the space and time. Bulletin of Department of Geology, vol. 20-21, 2018, pp: 87-92

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and development of the Daily Time Record system for employees of the Local Government of Sison in Surigao Del Norte. The system serves as a basis for recording their time-in and time-out, which, in turn, plays a crucial role in evaluating their performance and calculating their salaries. To facilitate this process, an RF-ID reader is integrated into the computer keyboard port to capture RF-ID tags during login and logout transactions. In addition to the Time Record system, the study also focuses on the development of an automated Central Alarm system. The external central alarm is connected via a USB port with the aid of a third-party driver that converts from USB to RS232 cable converter, enabling seamless communication with the embedded systems application of the alarm system. Careful consideration was given to the power rating of the alarm siren and the driver of the high current load to ensure efficient operation. To realize the complete automation process, the implementation includes the utilization of a MYSQL database for the backend, while the front end is based on Visual Basic.net. The study's results indicate that the system's output is not only applicable to the Local Government of Sison but also serves as a suitable solution for other local government units seeking to implement an automated centralized alarm system. The system has been extensively tested and found to be compatible with most windows operating systems, making it highly adaptable and accessible across various environments

This paper has applied participatory tools to assess the livelihood resources and adaptations in Madi Valley, Nepal. It has utilized the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the identified adaptations through participatory scoring (1 to 5) for participatory cost-benefit (PCB) analysis. Additionally, it considered gender equality, technical feasibility, inclusiveness, future vulnerability for multi-criteria assessment (MCA). Series of focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to generate data based on communities’ perceptions. Based on PCB ratio, afforestation was the most prominent adaptation strategy, whereas early warning siren and evacuation tower (EWSET) was found the most effective adaptation based on the MCA.

Work environment in highway construction are hazardous due to the particular dynamic and limited workspace availability. Within highway work zones, a variety of encounters involving employees, passing cars, and moving construction equipment exists, creating risky situations that may result in injury or death. Active approaches, such as the deployment of intrusion detection and alert devices in highway employees and the construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure, can be effective in reducing these unforeseen situations. The study focus on development of the emergency signal system for the safety of highway workers was carried out to prevent accidents or danger from happening in the straight emergency line on the highway by developing a system of hazard detectors using a distance sensor. Therefore, the development of the Signal Warning Detector (SWAD) for the safety of highway workers was carried out to prevent accidents or danger from happening in the straight emergency line on the highway by developing a system of hazard detectors using a distance sensor. The distance sensor sensed the target at a certain distance and transmitted the signal emitted through the siren device and the emergency lamp mounted on the PLUS Malaysia Berhad (PLUS) car, while the signal was also transmitted to the receiver to create a danger signal to alert the worker by vibrating the vibrator motor located at the worker's hand. The study findings show that commercially accessible technologies have the ability to improve employee health in the work zone by providing early signal warning as vibration. This study adds to the knowledge base by offering methods for the collection and application of intruder sensing technologies for active protection in the work zone. The data produced in the result reveals that by performing the study, it was possible to find the best parameter setting for the Danger Signal Detector system. The farthest distance observed was at 14° of angle, 2.2 meter distance from center, and 1.8 meter sensor height.

By the time you read this, it will be wrong. Things seemed to be moving so fast in these first days after airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the Pennsylvania earth. Each certainty is as carelessly dropped as it was once carelessly assumed. The sounds of lower Manhattan that used to serve as white noise for residents—sirens, screeches, screams—are no longer signs without a referent. Instead, they make folks stare and stop, hurry and hustle, wondering whether the noises we know so well are in fact, this time, coefficients of a new reality. At the time of writing, the events themselves are also signs without referents—there has been no direct claim of responsibility, and little proof offered by accusers since the 11th. But it has been assumed that there is a link to US foreign policy, its military and economic presence in the Arab world, and opposition to it that seeks revenge. In the intervening weeks the US media and the war planners have supplied their own narrow frameworks, making New York’s “ground zero” into the starting point for a new escalation of global violence. We want to write here about the combination of sources and sensations that came that day, and the jumble of knowledges and emotions that filled our minds. Working late the night before, Toby was awoken in the morning by one of the planes right overhead. That happens sometimes. I have long expected a crash when I’ve heard the roar of jet engines so close—but I didn’t this time. Often when that sound hits me, I get up and go for a run down by the water, just near Wall Street. Something kept me back that day. Instead, I headed for my laptop. Because I cannot rely on local media to tell me very much about the role of the US in world affairs, I was reading the British newspaper The Guardian on-line when it flashed a two-line report about the planes. I looked up at the calendar above my desk to see whether it was April 1st. Truly. Then I got off-line and turned on the TV to watch CNN. That second, the phone rang. My quasi-ex-girlfriend I’m still in love with called from the mid-West. She was due to leave that day for the Bay Area. Was I alright? We spoke for a bit. She said my cell phone was out, and indeed it was for the remainder of the day. As I hung up from her, my friend Ana rang, tearful and concerned. Her husband, Patrick, had left an hour before for work in New Jersey, and it seemed like a dangerous separation. All separations were potentially fatal that day. You wanted to know where everyone was, every minute. She told me she had been trying to contact Palestinian friends who worked and attended school near the event—their ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds made for real poignancy, as we both thought of the prejudice they would (probably) face, regardless of the eventual who/what/when/where/how of these events. We agreed to meet at Bruno’s, a bakery on La Guardia Place. For some reason I really took my time, though, before getting to Ana. I shampooed and shaved under the shower. This was a horror, and I needed to look my best, even as men and women were losing and risking their lives. I can only interpret what I did as an attempt to impose normalcy and control on the situation, on my environment. When I finally made it down there, she’d located our friends. They were safe. We stood in the street and watched the Towers. Horrified by the sight of human beings tumbling to their deaths, we turned to buy a tea/coffee—again some ludicrous normalization—but were drawn back by chilling screams from the street. Racing outside, we saw the second Tower collapse, and clutched at each other. People were streaming towards us from further downtown. We decided to be with our Palestinian friends in their apartment. When we arrived, we learnt that Mark had been four minutes away from the WTC when the first plane hit. I tried to call my daughter in London and my father in Canberra, but to no avail. I rang the mid-West, and asked my maybe-former novia to call England and Australia to report in on me. Our friend Jenine got through to relatives on the West Bank. Israeli tanks had commenced a bombardment there, right after the planes had struck New York. Family members spoke to her from under the kitchen table, where they were taking refuge from the shelling of their house. Then we gave ourselves over to television, like so many others around the world, even though these events were happening only a mile away. We wanted to hear official word, but there was just a huge absence—Bush was busy learning to read in Florida, then leading from the front in Louisiana and Nebraska. As the day wore on, we split up and regrouped, meeting folks. One guy was in the subway when smoke filled the car. Noone could breathe properly, people were screaming, and his only thought was for his dog DeNiro back in Brooklyn. From the panic of the train, he managed to call his mom on a cell to ask her to feed “DeNiro” that night, because it looked like he wouldn’t get home. A pregnant woman feared for her unborn as she fled the blasts, pushing the stroller with her baby in it as she did so. Away from these heart-rending tales from strangers, there was the fear: good grief, what horrible price would the US Government extract for this, and who would be the overt and covert agents and targets of that suffering? What blood-lust would this generate? What would be the pattern of retaliation and counter-retaliation? What would become of civil rights and cultural inclusiveness? So a jumble of emotions came forward, I assume in all of us. Anger was not there for me, just intense sorrow, shock, and fear, and the desire for intimacy. Network television appeared to offer me that, but in an ultimately unsatisfactory way. For I think I saw the end-result of reality TV that day. I have since decided to call this ‘emotionalization’—network TV’s tendency to substitute analysis of US politics and economics with a stress on feelings. Of course, powerful emotions have been engaged by this horror, and there is value in addressing that fact and letting out the pain. I certainly needed to do so. But on that day and subsequent ones, I looked to the networks, traditional sources of current-affairs knowledge, for just that—informed, multi-perspectival journalism that would allow me to make sense of my feelings, and come to a just and reasoned decision about how the US should respond. I waited in vain. No such commentary came forward. Just a lot of asinine inquiries from reporters that were identical to those they pose to basketballers after a game: Question—‘How do you feel now?’ Answer—‘God was with me today.’ For the networks were insistent on asking everyone in sight how they felt about the end of las torres gemelas. In this case, we heard the feelings of survivors, firefighters, viewers, media mavens, Republican and Democrat hacks, and vacuous Beltway state-of-the-nation pundits. But learning of the military-political economy, global inequality, and ideologies and organizations that made for our grief and loss—for that, there was no space. TV had forgotten how to do it. My principal feeling soon became one of frustration. So I headed back to where I began the day—The Guardian web site, where I was given insightful analysis of the messy factors of history, religion, economics, and politics that had created this situation. As I dealt with the tragedy of folks whose lives had been so cruelly lost, I pondered what it would take for this to stop. Or whether this was just the beginning. I knew one thing—the answers wouldn’t come from mainstream US television, no matter how full of feelings it was. And that made Toby anxious. And afraid. He still is. And so the dreams come. In one, I am suddenly furloughed from my job with an orchestra, as audience numbers tumble. I make my evening-wear way to my locker along with the other players, emptying it of bubble gum and instrument. The next night, I see a gigantic, fifty-feet high wave heading for the city beach where I’ve come to swim. Somehow I am sheltered behind a huge wall, as all the people around me die. Dripping, I turn to find myself in a media-stereotype “crack house” of the early ’90s—desperate-looking black men, endless doorways, sudden police arrival, and my earnest search for a passport that will explain away my presence. I awake in horror, to the realization that the passport was already open and stamped—racialization at work for Toby, every day and in every way, as a white man in New York City. Ana’s husband, Patrick, was at work ten miles from Manhattan when “it” happened. In the hallway, I overheard some talk about two planes crashing, but went to teach anyway in my usual morning stupor. This was just the usual chatter of disaster junkies. I didn’t hear the words, “World Trade Center” until ten thirty, at the end of the class at the college I teach at in New Jersey, across the Hudson river. A friend and colleague walked in and told me the news of the attack, to which I replied “You must be fucking joking.” He was a little offended. Students were milling haphazardly on the campus in the late summer weather, some looking panicked like me. My first thought was of some general failure of the air-traffic control system. There must be planes falling out of the sky all over the country. Then the height of the towers: how far towards our apartment in Greenwich Village would the towers fall? Neither of us worked in the financial district a mile downtown, but was Ana safe? Where on the college campus could I see what was happening? I recognized the same physical sensation I had felt the morning after Hurricane Andrew in Miami seeing at a distance the wreckage of our shattered apartment across a suburban golf course strewn with debris and flattened power lines. Now I was trapped in the suburbs again at an unbridgeable distance from my wife and friends who were witnessing the attacks first hand. Were they safe? What on earth was going on? This feeling of being cut off, my path to the familiar places of home blocked, remained for weeks my dominant experience of the disaster. In my office, phone calls to the city didn’t work. There were six voice-mail messages from my teenaged brother Alex in small-town England giving a running commentary on the attack and its aftermath that he was witnessing live on television while I dutifully taught my writing class. “Hello, Patrick, where are you? Oh my god, another plane just hit the towers. Where are you?” The web was choked: no access to newspapers online. Email worked, but no one was wasting time writing. My office window looked out over a soccer field to the still woodlands of western New Jersey: behind me to the east the disaster must be unfolding. Finally I found a website with a live stream from ABC television, which I watched flickering and stilted on the tiny screen. It had all already happened: both towers already collapsed, the Pentagon attacked, another plane shot down over Pennsylvania, unconfirmed reports said, there were other hijacked aircraft still out there unaccounted for. Manhattan was sealed off. George Washington Bridge, Lincoln and Holland tunnels, all the bridges and tunnels from New Jersey I used to mock shut down. Police actions sealed off the highways into “the city.” The city I liked to think of as the capital of the world was cut off completely from the outside, suddenly vulnerable and under siege. There was no way to get home. The phone rang abruptly and Alex, three thousand miles away, told me he had spoken to Ana earlier and she was safe. After a dozen tries, I managed to get through and spoke to her, learning that she and Toby had seen people jumping and then the second tower fall. Other friends had been even closer. Everyone was safe, we thought. I sat for another couple of hours in my office uselessly. The news was incoherent, stories contradictory, loops of the planes hitting the towers only just ready for recycling. The attacks were already being transformed into “the World Trade Center Disaster,” not yet the ahistorical singularity of the emergency “nine one one.” Stranded, I had to spend the night in New Jersey at my boss’s house, reminded again of the boundless generosity of Americans to relative strangers. In an effort to protect his young son from the as yet unfiltered images saturating cable and Internet, my friend’s TV set was turned off and we did our best to reassure. We listened surreptitiously to news bulletins on AM radio, hoping that the roads would open. Walking the dog with my friend’s wife and son we crossed a park on the ridge on which Upper Montclair sits. Ten miles away a huge column of smoke was rising from lower Manhattan, where the stunning absence of the towers was clearly visible. The summer evening was unnervingly still. We kicked a soccer ball around on the front lawn and a woman walked distracted by, shocked and pale up the tree-lined suburban street, suffering her own wordless trauma. I remembered that though most of my students were ordinary working people, Montclair is a well-off dormitory for the financial sector and high rises of Wall Street and Midtown. For the time being, this was a white-collar disaster. I slept a short night in my friend’s house, waking to hope I had dreamed it all, and took the commuter train in with shell-shocked bankers and corporate types. All men, all looking nervously across the river toward glimpses of the Manhattan skyline as the train neared Hoboken. “I can’t believe they’re making us go in,” one guy had repeated on the station platform. He had watched the attacks from his office in Midtown, “The whole thing.” Inside the train we all sat in silence. Up from the PATH train station on 9th street I came onto a carless 6th Avenue. At 14th street barricades now sealed off downtown from the rest of the world. I walked down the middle of the avenue to a newspaper stand; the Indian proprietor shrugged “No deliveries below 14th.” I had not realized that the closer to the disaster you came, the less information would be available. Except, I assumed, for the evidence of my senses. But at 8 am the Village was eerily still, few people about, nothing in the sky, including the twin towers. I walked to Houston Street, which was full of trucks and police vehicles. Tractor trailers sat carrying concrete barriers. Below Houston, each street into Soho was barricaded and manned by huddles of cops. I had walked effortlessly up into the “lockdown,” but this was the “frozen zone.” There was no going further south towards the towers. I walked the few blocks home, found my wife sleeping, and climbed into bed, still in my clothes from the day before. “Your heart is racing,” she said. I realized that I hadn’t known if I would get back, and now I never wanted to leave again; it was still only eight thirty am. Lying there, I felt the terrible wonder of a distant bystander for the first-hand witness. Ana’s face couldn’t tell me what she had seen. I felt I needed to know more, to see and understand. Even though I knew the effort was useless: I could never bridge that gap that had trapped me ten miles away, my back turned to the unfolding disaster. The television was useless: we don’t have cable, and the mast on top of the North Tower, which Ana had watched fall, had relayed all the network channels. I knew I had to go down and see the wreckage. Later I would realize how lucky I had been not to suffer from “disaster envy.” Unbelievably, in retrospect, I commuted into work the second day after the attack, dogged by the same unnerving sensation that I would not get back—to the wounded, humbled former center of the world. My students were uneasy, all talked out. I was a novelty, a New Yorker living in the Village a mile from the towers, but I was forty-eight hours late. Out of place in both places. I felt torn up, but not angry. Back in the city at night, people were eating and drinking with a vengeance, the air filled with acrid sicklysweet smoke from the burning wreckage. Eyes stang and nose ran with a bitter acrid taste. Who knows what we’re breathing in, we joked nervously. A friend’s wife had fallen out with him for refusing to wear a protective mask in the house. He shrugged a wordlessly reassuring smile. What could any of us do? I walked with Ana down to the top of West Broadway from where the towers had commanded the skyline over SoHo; downtown dense smoke blocked the view to the disaster. A crowd of onlookers pushed up against the barricades all day, some weeping, others gawping. A tall guy was filming the grieving faces with a video camera, which was somehow the worst thing of all, the first sign of the disaster tourism that was already mushrooming downtown. Across the street an Asian artist sat painting the street scene in streaky black and white; he had scrubbed out two white columns where the towers would have been. “That’s the first thing I’ve seen that’s made me feel any better,” Ana said. We thanked him, but he shrugged blankly, still in shock I supposed. On the Friday, the clampdown. I watched the Mayor and Police Chief hold a press conference in which they angrily told the stream of volunteers to “ground zero” that they weren’t needed. “We can handle this ourselves. We thank you. But we don’t need your help,” Commissioner Kerik said. After the free-for-all of the first couple of days, with its amazing spontaneities and common gestures of goodwill, the clampdown was going into effect. I decided to go down to Canal Street and see if it was true that no one was welcome anymore. So many paths through the city were blocked now. “Lock down, frozen zone, war zone, the site, combat zone, ground zero, state troopers, secured perimeter, national guard, humvees, family center”: a disturbing new vocabulary that seemed to stamp the logic of Giuliani’s sanitized and over-policed Manhattan onto the wounded hulk of the city. The Mayor had been magnificent in the heat of the crisis; Churchillian, many were saying—and indeed, Giuliani quickly appeared on the cover of Cigar Afficionado, complete with wing collar and the misquotation from Kipling, “Captain Courageous.” Churchill had not believed in peacetime politics either, and he never got over losing his empire. Now the regime of command and control over New York’s citizens and its economy was being stabilized and reimposed. The sealed-off, disfigured, and newly militarized spaces of the New York through which I have always loved to wander at all hours seemed to have been put beyond reach for the duration. And, in the new post-“9/11” post-history, the duration could last forever. The violence of the attacks seemed to have elicited a heavy-handed official reaction that sought to contain and constrict the best qualities of New York. I felt more anger at the clampdown than I did at the demolition of the towers. I knew this was unreasonable, but I feared the reaction, the spread of the racial harassment and racial profiling that I had already heard of from my students in New Jersey. This militarizing of the urban landscape seemed to negate the sprawling, freewheeling, boundless largesse and tolerance on which New York had complacently claimed a monopoly. For many the towers stood for that as well, not just as the monumental outposts of global finance that had been attacked. Could the American flag mean something different? For a few days, perhaps—on the helmets of firemen and construction workers. But not for long. On the Saturday, I found an unmanned barricade way east along Canal Street and rode my bike past throngs of Chinatown residents, by the Federal jail block where prisoners from the first World Trade Center bombing were still being held. I headed south and west towards Tribeca; below the barricades in the frozen zone, you could roam freely, the cops and soldiers assuming you belonged there. I felt uneasy, doubting my own motives for being there, feeling the blood drain from my head in the same numbing shock I’d felt every time I headed downtown towards the site. I looped towards Greenwich Avenue, passing an abandoned bank full of emergency supplies and boxes of protective masks. Crushed cars still smeared with pulverized concrete and encrusted with paperwork strewn by the blast sat on the street near the disabled telephone exchange. On one side of the avenue stood a horde of onlookers, on the other television crews, all looking two blocks south towards a colossal pile of twisted and smoking steel, seven stories high. We were told to stay off the street by long-suffering national guardsmen and women with southern accents, kids. Nothing happening, just the aftermath. The TV crews were interviewing worn-out, dust-covered volunteers and firemen who sat quietly leaning against the railings of a park filled with scraps of paper. Out on the West Side highway, a high-tech truck was offering free cellular phone calls. The six lanes by the river were full of construction machinery and military vehicles. Ambulances rolled slowly uptown, bodies inside? I locked my bike redundantly to a lamppost and crossed under the hostile gaze of plainclothes police to another media encampment. On the path by the river, two camera crews were complaining bitterly in the heat. “After five days of this I’ve had enough.” They weren’t talking about the trauma, bodies, or the wreckage, but censorship. “Any blue light special gets to roll right down there, but they see your press pass and it’s get outta here. I’ve had enough.” I fronted out the surly cops and ducked under the tape onto the path, walking onto a Pier on which we’d spent many lazy afternoons watching the river at sunset. Dust everywhere, police boats docked and waiting, a crane ominously dredging mud into a barge. I walked back past the camera operators onto the highway and walked up to an interview in process. Perfectly composed, a fire chief and his crew from some small town in upstate New York were politely declining to give details about what they’d seen at “ground zero.” The men’s faces were dust streaked, their eyes slightly dazed with the shock of a horror previously unimaginable to most Americans. They were here to help the best they could, now they’d done as much as anyone could. “It’s time for us to go home.” The chief was eloquent, almost rehearsed in his precision. It was like a Magnum press photo. But he was refusing to cooperate with the media’s obsessive emotionalism. I walked down the highway, joining construction workers, volunteers, police, and firemen in their hundreds at Chambers Street. No one paid me any attention; it was absurd. I joined several other watchers on the stairs by Stuyvesant High School, which was now the headquarters for the recovery crews. Just two or three blocks away, the huge jagged teeth of the towers’ beautiful tracery lurched out onto the highway above huge mounds of debris. The TV images of the shattered scene made sense as I placed them into what was left of a familiar Sunday afternoon geography of bike rides and walks by the river, picnics in the park lying on the grass and gazing up at the infinite solidity of the towers. Demolished. It was breathtaking. If “they” could do that, they could do anything. Across the street at tables military policeman were checking credentials of the milling volunteers and issuing the pink and orange tags that gave access to ground zero. Without warning, there was a sudden stampede running full pelt up from the disaster site, men and women in fatigues, burly construction workers, firemen in bunker gear. I ran a few yards then stopped. Other people milled around idly, ignoring the panic, smoking and talking in low voices. It was a mainly white, blue-collar scene. All these men wearing flags and carrying crowbars and flashlights. In their company, the intolerance and rage I associated with flags and construction sites was nowhere to be seen. They were dealing with a torn and twisted otherness that dwarfed machismo or bigotry. I talked to a moustachioed, pony-tailed construction worker who’d hitched a ride from the mid-west to “come and help out.” He was staying at the Y, he said, it was kind of rough. “Have you been down there?” he asked, pointing towards the wreckage. “You’re British, you weren’t in World War Two were you?” I replied in the negative. “It’s worse ’n that. I went down last night and you can’t imagine it. You don’t want to see it if you don’t have to.” Did I know any welcoming ladies? he asked. The Y was kind of tough. When I saw TV images of President Bush speaking to the recovery crews and steelworkers at “ground zero” a couple of days later, shouting through a bullhorn to chants of “USA, USA” I knew nothing had changed. New York’s suffering was subject to a second hijacking by the brokers of national unity. New York had never been America, and now its terrible human loss and its great humanity were redesignated in the name of the nation, of the coming war. The signs without a referent were being forcibly appropriated, locked into an impoverished patriotic framework, interpreted for “us” by a compliant media and an opportunistic regime eager to reign in civil liberties, to unloose its war machine and tighten its grip on the Muslim world. That day, drawn to the river again, I had watched F18 fighter jets flying patterns over Manhattan as Bush’s helicopters came in across the river. Otherwise empty of air traffic, “our” skies were being torn up by the military jets: it was somehow the worst sight yet, worse than the wreckage or the bands of disaster tourists on Canal Street, a sign of further violence yet to come. There was a carrier out there beyond New York harbor, there to protect us: the bruising, blustering city once open to all comers. That felt worst of all. In the intervening weeks, we have seen other, more unstable ways of interpreting the signs of September 11 and its aftermath. Many have circulated on the Internet, past the blockages and blockades placed on urban spaces and intellectual life. Karl-Heinz Stockhausen’s work was banished (at least temporarily) from the canon of avant-garde electronic music when he described the attack on las torres gemelas as akin to a work of art. If Jacques Derrida had described it as an act of deconstruction (turning technological modernity literally in on itself), or Jean Baudrillard had announced that the event was so thick with mediation it had not truly taken place, something similar would have happened to them (and still may). This is because, as Don DeLillo so eloquently put it in implicit reaction to the plaintive cry “Why do they hate us?”: “it is the power of American culture to penetrate every wall, home, life and mind”—whether via military action or cultural iconography. All these positions are correct, however grisly and annoying they may be. What GK Chesterton called the “flints and tiles” of nineteenth-century European urban existence were rent asunder like so many victims of high-altitude US bombing raids. As a First-World disaster, it became knowable as the first-ever US “ground zero” such precisely through the high premium immediately set on the lives of Manhattan residents and the rarefied discussion of how to commemorate the high-altitude towers. When, a few weeks later, an American Airlines plane crashed on take-off from Queens, that borough was left open to all comers. Manhattan was locked down, flown over by “friendly” bombers. In stark contrast to the open if desperate faces on the street of 11 September, people went about their business with heads bowed even lower than is customary. Contradictory deconstructions and valuations of Manhattan lives mean that September 11 will live in infamy and hyper-knowability. The vengeful United States government and population continue on their way. Local residents must ponder insurance claims, real-estate values, children’s terrors, and their own roles in something beyond their ken. New York had been forced beyond being the center of the financial world. It had become a military target, a place that was receiving as well as dispatching the slings and arrows of global fortune. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Deer, Patrick and Miller, Toby. "A Day That Will Live In … ?" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5.1 (2002). [your date of access] < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0203/adaythat.php>. Chicago Style Deer, Patrick and Miller, Toby, "A Day That Will Live In … ?" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5, no. 1 (2002), < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0203/adaythat.php> ([your date of access]). APA Style Deer, Patrick and Miller, Toby. (2002) A Day That Will Live In … ?. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5(1). < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0203/adaythat.php> ([your date of access]).