Tesi sul tema "Émergence de l’âge adulte"
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Garcia, Mathieu. "Les traits psychopathiques de l’enfance à l’âge adulte : regards psychométriques, psychopathologiques et philosophiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0434.
Testo completoIt is an understatement to say that the notion of psychopathy generates difficulties that seem destined to keep us perplexed. The aim of this thesis is to untangle some of the main complications at the crossroads of psychopathology, philosophy, and criminal law. We address several interrelated issues in turn. First, that of the dimensionally indexed measurement of psychopathic traits as expressed in children and young adults in non-clinical populations. The metrological properties of two rating scales specially translated into French are examined (latent factorial structure, internal consistency, criterion validity, convergent correlations, metric, scalar and configural invariance, etc.). A developmental and comparative logic is adopted, with particular attention paid to the problem of multi-age and cross-cultural applicability of the formalized psychopathy construct. Secondly, we demonstrate, conceptually and then empirically, the fruitfulness of the relationalist (and processualist) approach to pragmatically delimited nosological entities. The topology and causal structure of the psychopathic interactome will be drawn, on the one hand via the construction of regularized partial correlation networks (using the LASSO algorithm), and on the other via the modeling of bayesian directed acyclic graphs. The third part of our work is devoted to the moral agency of psychopaths. Firstly, it will examine the experiential sap, depth, and most probable underpinnings of the "emotional deficit" attributed to these subjects (a brief detour to sentimentalist theories will have highlighted the area[s] and extent to which our moral life depends on our emotional life). In the last twenty years or so, studies exploring the links between psychopathic traits and moral judgments have been dissected. Several critical remarks are made about this literature, which we are attempting to enrich through research dedicated to identifying the parameters primarily involved in the (im)moral decision-making of individuals with a frankly or tendentially psychopathic profile. This is followed by a discussion aimed at clarifying what this "weaker sensitivity to moral norms", which emerges from our participants' iterative confrontation with ethical dilemmas, is likely to reflect. The issue at stake is clearly stated: it is a question of considering under what condition(s), in what sense(s) and to what extent it seems permissible to believe that the psychopath is not capable of being moral. Our final section turns to more practical, preventive considerations, reporting the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention for school-age children. The randomized controlled trial carried out established that the program tested can have a beneficial effect on certain (pre-)psychopathic dispositions. We conclude by questioning the basis and function of sentences handed down to offenders showing various psychopathic characteristics. The problem of attributability, answerability and accountability of the persons concerned is thus expressly raised
Grelat, Anne. "Rôle et connectivité des néo-neurones formés à l’âge adulte dans le bulbe olfactif". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS431.
Testo completoOlfaction is an important sensory modality in rodents. During odor-dependent learning, a positive value is commonly assigned to an odorant, and multiple forms of plasticity are involved when such odor–reward associations are formed. In the olfactory bulb, one of the mechanisms underlying plasticity consists in recruiting new neurons daily throughout life. The aim of this thesis was to determine the specific properties of these adult-born neurons, structurally and functionally. In a first study, we demonstrated that exposure to reward-associated odors specifically increases activity of adult-born neurons. Moreover, adult-born neuron activation during rewarded odor presentation heightens discrimination learning and enhances the ability to update the odor value during reversal association. Together, these results show the specific involvement of adult-born neurons in odor-reward association. In a second study, we investigated whether this functional role could result from a particular connectivity. We used a retrograde tracing technique to label the presynaptic partners of adult-born granule cells. Thus, we showed that centrifugal fibers contacting the adult-born granule cells are more numerous than those contacting their counterparts born during development. Collectively, these results demonstrate that adult neurogenesis endows the olfactory system with the capacity to facilitate associative learning, probably due to a unique connectivity
Rachas, Antoine. "Recours aux soins des jeunes en transition vers l’âge adulte ayant une pathologie chronique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS004/document.
Testo completoThe prognosis of childhood-onset chronic conditions has improved, such that more patients now reach adulthood. However, adolescence and entry into adulthood is a critical period that may be associated with poor outcomes, including gaps in care continuity and medical complications. Here, I first described hospitalization and mortality rates in youths registered for a long-term disease (LTD) before the age of 14 (N=1,752), relative to those with no LTD (N=52,346). A retrospective cohort (2005-2014) was built from a sample of the French national health insurance database, called Echantillon généraliste des Bénéficiaires. Approximately 3% of 14-year-old youths had been registered for a LTD. The mortality patterns by gender and the trend in hospitalization rates by age were different from those in the general population of the same age, especially after reaching the age of 18, which was followed by a fall in hospitalization rates. Then, using the same data, I showed that the prognosis of these youths living with a chronic disease, including mortality, was associated with low socio-economic level, as measured by being covered by Couverture Maladie Universelle Complementaire, a public complementary health insurance offering free access to care, delivered on the basis of very low househould incomes. Hence, overcoming financial barriers did not offset social health inequalities in this population. At last, one day, these youths have to be transferred to adult care. Moving to adult care is a critical time in patients’ follow-up that may lead to discontinuity in medical care. Transition programs are being gradually implemented, to prepare and smooth the transfer and support youths during this period. I performed a systematic review of literature (23 studies) that highlighted two aspects of continuity of care during transfer: engagement (first contacts) and retention in adult care once the first contact has been established. This review also emphasized the paucity of knowledge to evaluate transition programs in terms of care continuity. Finally, the results of this PhD raises many issues that need to be addressed, including coping strategies of young patients with high risk situations, and the role of transfer to adult care on patient behavior, prognosis and clinical practices. Studies involving patients with a large spectrum of severe chronic diseases, including factors related to healthcare organization, related to the disease, individual and familial, should be encouraged
Dupont, Sophie. "Influence des conditions de développement sur le phénotype des oiseaux, de l’éclosion à l’âge adulte". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS019.
Testo completoPost-natal development is a crucial step for the rest of life. Indeed, individual physiological and behavioral functions are set-up and matured during that life-stage and final morphology is acquired at that time. Any stress or constraint perceived by the offspring during this period can have significant morphological, physiological and/or behavioral consequences in the short but also in the long term. In fine, an individual’s fitness can be affected by the quality of its developmental conditions. This PhD aims to improve our understanding of the impact of abiotic developmental conditions (climate, human disturbance and exposure to a pesticide) and parental care on the quality of the produced chicks. Firstly, through the study of markers of stress and allostasis (stress response and telomere length) in Black-browed albatross and Snow petrel’s chicks, we demonstrated that in the short term, the quality of parental care - approximated by the age of the breeding individuals - was a major factor determining a chick’s phenotype. Secondly, the manipulation of corticosterone levels during development in House sparrow chicks (mimicking a developmental constraint) seems to have long-term impacts on individual performance. More precisely, in adulthood, I found that this experimental manipulation of developmental conditions was associated with a reduced metabolism, a reduced sexual attractiveness, and an increased parental investment during adulthood. Using the results obtained during this PhD, I discuss the influence of developmental conditions on individual fitness in an evolutionary context
Plouffe-Roy, Emilie. "La sévérité de l’agression sexuelle en enfance et les séquelles sexuelles à l’âge adulte : rôle de l’âge de la victime lors de la première agression". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66564.
Testo completoLemieux, Stéphanie. "Facteurs de risque de l’agression sexuelle à l’âge adulte chez les victimes d’une agression sexuelle à l’enfance". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6708.
Testo completoDanner, Touati Camille. "facteurs de risque et de protection au cours du placement : étude du devenir à l’âge adulte des enfants placés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080102.
Testo completoChildhood abuse is a vulnerability factor with regard to insecure attachment and, in turn, mental health and suicidal risk (SR). Among victims of abuse, children in out-of-home care are particularly at risk. Out-of-family placement is aimed at interrupting child exposure to further abuse and at providing the security needed for proper development. To this end, different out-of-home care arrangements are available. Research suggests that placement-related factors may impact children’s mental health outcomes and suicidal risk. The first study was aimed at examining (1) the direct effects of different placement characteristics (i.e. age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, total time in care, contact with biological parents, contact with siblings, placement with siblings) on SR and (2) whether these characteristics moderate the link between maltreatment and SR. In a second study we examined whether (1) attachment to the biological parents mediates the association between abuse and SR and (2) attachment to a foster parent (whether from a foster home or an institution) moderates the effect of attachment to the biological parents on SR.The sample consisted of 77 adults (52 women; 25 men; mean age: 26.6 years) who received out-of-home care during childhood. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (for SR). The Attachment Multiple Model Interview was also administered to assess attachment to each biological parent and to the foster parent. Participants’ records were examined to determine placement characteristics and maltreatment.The results indicated (1) a significant role of risk (age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, contact with biological parents) and protective factors (contact with siblings, foster home placement) with regard to SR; (2) a moderating effect of the risk factors on the link between maltreatment and SR; (3) that attachment (security and disorganization) to the biological mother mediates the link between abuse and SR and (4) that attachment to the foster parent moderates the link between attachment to the biological mother and SR.These findings point to the importance of interventions aimed at limiting risk factors during placement and of interventions aimed at promoting the establishment of a secure attachment relationship between children in care and their foster parents to reduce SR
Morcel, Jules. "Identification de paramètres nutritionnels, d’activité physique et de condition physique à l’adolescence impactant le risque cardiovasculaire à l’âge adulte". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS069.pdf.
Testo completoIntroduction: Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death and is mostly caused by the formation of atherogenic plaques. These plaques appear during adolescence, and their growth depends on numerous risk factors, both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable (lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemia, smoking, body mass index). Nutrition, physical activity and fitness are complex elements that have been shown to have a significant impact on modifiable risk factors in mostly cross-sectional studies.Material & Methods: The aim of this study is to identify, in a longitudinal way, parameters of nutrition, physical activity and physical fitness in adolescence that have an impact on adult cardiovascular risk. These analyses are based on data from the HELENA and BELINDA studies. The HELENA study (2006 - 2007) included 3528 adolescents aged from 12.5 to 17.5 years in 10 European countries, and collected extensive nutritional, physical activity, fitness, anthropometric and biological data. The BELINDA study (2016 - 2020) is a nested cohort that repeated the same analyses, a decade later, in 232 subjects from 4 centers (Ghent, Lille, Roma and Zaragoza). Parameters of interest were identified based on bibliographic resources and data available from these two cohorts. Their impact on cardiovascular risk was assessed by a multivariate statistical analysis. Cardiovascular risk was assessed according to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the PDAY (Pathobiological Determinants for Atherosclerosis in Youth) cardiovascular risk score. The parameters identified as most relevant for their potential to predict cardiovascular risk will be the target of more specific studies.Results: The literature analysis identified 13 parameters of interest, including 8 for nutrition, 2 for physical activity and 3 for fitness. Adherence to the diet quality index, planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness were the parameters identified as cardioprotective, in contrary to consumption of ultra-processed foods and upper body muscular strength. An extensive analysis of dietary knowledge highlighted its beneficial long-term impact on adults' blood pressure and dietary behaviour.Discussion: The diet quality index, the planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge, consumption of ultra-processed foods, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body muscular strength in adolescence have all been shown to have a significant impact on cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Early approaches using these tools therefore seem relevant for identifying clusters of populations at-risk and preventing cardiovascular risk from an early age
Malbouyres, Marilyne. "Le collagène XXII dans la formation et la fonctionnalité de la jonction myotendineuse chez le poisson zèbre, de l’embryon à l’âge adulte". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1224.
Testo completoThe myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a specialized extracellular matrix which allows the transmission of skeletal muscle forces to bones. My thesis project aimed at characterizing the in vivo role of COLXXII using the zebrafish as a model. The zebrafish col22a1 gene encodes COLXXII whose expression begins in the entire somite, and is then restricted gradually at the MTJ, where the protein is deposited. Morphants (Knockdown) develop a dystrophic phenotype and we have demonstrated that COLXXII is likely a member of the integrin a7ß1 anchoring complex. However, because morpholinos are efficient only few days after injection, our study was limited to early stages of zebrafish development. We thus generated two mutant lines (CRISPR-Cas9) invalidated for col22a1. The typical sarcolemmal interdigitations of the MTJ are almost absent in mutants, from larvae to adult (as in morphants), which could impact the force transmission and/or the muscle attachment to myosepta (tendons). In the two mutant lines, the same proportion of larvae displays a severe phenotype leading to fish death 14 days post-fertilization. On the contrary, other larvae survive without any obvious general phenotype. A first candidate genes approach was realized by qPCR and tends to show that the phenotypic differences may be due to both, variable expressivity and genetic compensation. Finally, I have shown that 6 months col22a1-/- fish show a highly decreased swimming capacity and consume more O2 during effort compared to wild type animals. Thus, we conclude that the musculoskeletal system efficiency seems altered in absence of COLXXII. Our results should allow considering COL22A1 as a candidate gene for muscular dystrophies with unclarified genetic cause
Bourabah, Dinat. "Qu’en est-il du jeu excessif à l’adolescence ? : étude comparée et exploratoire des pratiques du jeu vidéo à l’adolescence et à l’âge adulte". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100206.
Testo completoVideo games have close ties with puberty problems and teenagers psychic life; they meet specific psychological needs of the pubertal process and help to articulate the emotions and thoughts of the youth. In this sense, video games seem to act as a container used by teens to transform their internal states and allow to feel safely intense emotions. They also mobilize an emotional experience and it seeks empathy player. A comparison may be b the way, the space between the video game and what D.Winnicott named "transitional space" which is between external reality and internal reality of the player, between the inside and the outside. This thesis make us question about the young gamblers relationship with video games and the type of interaction that is sought. In the light of the theoretical model, S.Tisseron (2008) distinguishes two types of “sensori-motor” interactions and “emotional–narrative” at work in the video games. This research presents the evaluations results process of 836 players, including 582 adolescents and 274 adults. Preliminary results show that with an excessive playing of video games, teens are in no way a problematic behavior’s sign and highlight statistically, significant differences between the excessive practice of adolescents and those of adults, not covered by the same logic
Mwene-batu, Lyabayungu Pacifique. "Malnutrition durant l’enfance, maladie chronique, capital humain à l’âge adulte dans le contexte de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo (Sud-Kivu)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/327226.
Testo completoIntroduction: Low- and middle-income countries are going through a nutritional transition phase that is accompanied by a rapid increase in cardio-metabolic diseases and their risk factors, such as obesity in adults, while undernutrition still predominates in children in these regions. This double burden of malnutrition constitutes a major public health problem. According to the theory of developmental origins of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), these 2 burdens would be closely causally linked. The objective of our study was to trace subjects with a history of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood, to assess their long-term socioeconomic, cognitive, and health outcomes, and finally to investigate the different cardiometabolic markers of NCDs. All this was done in order to establish an association between SAM during childhood and different chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemias and body composition) as well as with socio-demographic and economic status in adulthood, in a context without nutritional transition.Methodology: Records of subjects admitted for SAM between 1988 and 2007 were retrieved from the archives of Lwiro Hospital, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Between December 2017 and April 2019, we undertook to identify these subjects in the Miti-Murhesa and Katana health zones. Study subjects were identified from the Lwiro Pediatric Hospital (LPH) database. They were then traced to their home villages. They were then divided into four categories (living in or near the village, deceased, displaced, or lost to follow-up). For each former malnourished found, a community non-exposed was randomly selected for comparison. Our outcomes of interest were primarily NCDs including primarily metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, global obesity, visceral obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias as well as body composition assessed by their different clinical and biological markers and, secondarily, renal impairment through serum creatinine level. Secondly, we evaluated the human capital through the socio-economic level (deduced from the education, the profession and the living conditions), the self-esteem, the cognitive disorders as well as the daily disabilities on the relational and functional level related to the health condition. It should be noted, however, that at the time of reconstitution of the cohort, we collected data on survival (and its corollary, mortality and its causes) and long-term nutritional status.Results: A total of 1981 records of subjects admitted for SAM from 1988 to 2007 were retrieved from the archives of the LPH. The median age at admission was 41 months. Six hundred subjects were found and 201 subjects died. 65.6% of the deceased subjects were ≤10 years of age at death. 59.2% of deaths occurred within 5 years of hospital discharge. The leading causes of death were malaria (14.9%), kwashiorkor (13.9%), respiratory infections (10.4%), and diarrheal diseases (8.9%). Compared to the unexposed, the exposed had low weight (-1.7 kg, p=0.001), short stature [sitting (-1.3 cm, p=0.006) and standing (-1.7 cm, p=0.003)], shorter leg length (-1.6 cm, p=0.002), and small brachial circumference (-3.2 mm, p= 0.051). There were no differences in BMI, chest length, and head or chest circumference between the 2 groups.In terms of BC, exposed, compared to unexposed, had a reduced FFM [-1.56 kg (-2.93, -0.20); p=0,024] but this observation was more marked in exposed males (45.4 5.4 vs. 48.2 6.9 kg, p=0.01) than females compared to unexposed. However, no difference between exposed and unexposed was observed in terms of FM. Finally, adjusting for height, FFMI and FMI show no difference in either sex.In terms of human capital, compared to the community unexposed, the proportion with high education and socioeconomic status (SES) of formerly malnourished was decreased [study (35.2 vs. 46.4; p 0.); SES (3.0 vs. 6.7; p= 0.007)]. In addition, in terms of cognition and self-esteem, compared to the non-exposed, the formerly malnourished had lower scores on cognitive tests [25.6 vs 27.8, p = 0.001 (MMSE) and 22.8 vs 26.3, p < 0.001 (MMSE-I)] and had lower self-esteem (20.3% vs 12.3%; p = 0.003) Nevertheless, in terms of health-related disabilities, they had less disability in relationships (28.6 vs. 31.5; p = 0.034) than the general population, although no difference was observed in daily activities (5.8 vs. 9.1; p = 0.322).In terms of NCDs, compared to the community unexposed, the malnourished elders had an increased waist circumference [+1.2 (0.02, 2.3) cm, p=0.015] and a higher waist/standing height ratio [0.01 (0.01, 0.02) cm; p0.001]. On the other hand, they had a decreased hip circumference [-1.5 (-2.6, -0.5) cm; p=0.021], and reduced muscle strength. Regarding cardiometabolic markers of NCDs, apart from a higher HbA1c [+0.4 % (0.2, 0.6); p0.001], no differences were found in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and albumin levels in the exposed compared to the unexposed. Compared to unexposed individuals, exposed individuals had an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.35 (1.22, 4.54); p=0.010], visceral obesity [adjusted OR 1.44 (1.09, 1.89); p=0.001] and leanness [adjusted OR 1.92 (1.03, 3.57)]. In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight and dyslipidemia was similar in both groups.Conclusion: SAM in childhood puts survivors at high risk for NCDs and reduced human capital in adulthood, even in the absence of subsequent nutritional transition. Policymakers and funders interested in combating the global expansion of NCDs in adults might consider the long-term benefit of reducing SAM in childhood as a preventive measure to reduce the socioeconomic burden attributable to NCDs.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kasbi, Chadli Fatima. "Supplémentation en acides gras oméga 3 à l’âge adulte et en période préinatale et prévention du syndrome métabolique : Etude in vivo chez le hamster". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2046.
Testo completoThe perinatal environment has a long term effect on the development of chronic diseases in adulthood (Barker, 1997). The aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether perinatal omega 3 fatty acids supplementation can prevent the development of metabolic syndrome in the offspring. We performed, for the first time, an integral study in hamster to evaluate the effect of this supplementation on the prevention of metabolic syndrome development in adult hamster. We showed that omega 3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) limited weight gain and prevented glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction. We have also showed that this supplementation improved the reverse cholesterol transport in hamster, with an increase in the fecal elimination of cholesterol and bile acids. These effects were explained by the modulation of the expression of several genes involved in triglyceride metabolism (SREBP-1 c, OGA T2, SCD 1 and FAS) and HOL cholesterol metabolism (ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-B1, ABCG8, ABCG5 and Cyp7A1). Ln the perinatal study, in which EPA and DHA were supplied during pregnancy and suckling, we demonstrated that supplementation have a preventive effect against hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperlipemia, and excess of hepatic TG secretion. This supplementation effected oxidative stress in offspring fed with high fat diet with an increase in lipid peroxidation products level and glutathione peroxidase activity. The involvement of metabolic imprinting that could result from epigenetic modifications is probable. But which are the genes concerned? What is the nature of these epigenetic modifications? Further investigations are needed to determine the involved mechanisms and to clarify the link between perinatal nutrition and metabolic phenotype in adulthood
Roubertie, François. "Identification de substrats arythmogènes et des mécanismes de décompensation dans une population de tétralogie de Fallot à l’âge adulte et perspectives de prise en charge ultérieure". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0421/document.
Testo completoThe number of adults with a repaired tetralogy of Fallot is increasing. In the past, those patients were considered healed. Nonetheless, they present arrhythmogenic issues, with frequent sudden death, and mechanical complications: right ventricular dilation due to long lasting pulmonary valve regurgitation, secondary to surgical repair. The origin of arrhythmia and its interaction with right ventricular dysfunction is only partially understood. In this study, combining clinical with experimental data, we pointed out: 1) concerning the follow-up of this population, echocardiography is not a substitute to MRI 2) operative mortality of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) still exists 3) a stentless bioprosthesis represents a valid solution for PVR 4) a valve repair is mandatory for severe tricuspid valve regurgitation at PVR 5) the genetic analysis carried out in an animal model of repaired tetralogy of Fallot, demonstrated the involvement of numerous genes in right ventricular remodeling 6) remodeling of the right ventricle in this animal model generates pro-arrhythmic substrate. Heart failure mechanisms in repaired tetralogy of Fallot are complex: a link between right ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias is demonstrated. Further studies are needed to investigate other pro-arrhythmic mechanisms involving the left ventricle
Carlin, Gabrielle. "Exposition périnatale à un régime maternel de quantité et de qualité variables en protéines chez le rat : préférences alimentaires et phénotype de la descendance du sevrage à l’âge adulte". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA007.
Testo completoAbstract : Perinatal exposure to maternal diet induces programming processes of later individual phenotype and health. Additionally, food orientations like for protein, change in terms of quantity and quality. These observations enhance scientific community to evaluate consequences of protein consumption changes on future generations.This thesis project aims to determine the consequences of modifying protein quantity and quality in maternal diets on food preferences and metabolic risks in female rat offspring.Two studies were conducted in rats. The first study evaluated the impact of protein excess in the maternal diet during gestation, through a high-protein (HP) diet composed with cow milk protein. The second study evaluated effects of (i) a HP diet composed with different protein sources (cow milk, pea, or turkey) during gestation and (ii) these different protein sources (cow milk, pea, or turkey-derived) during lactation. From weaning to adulthood (study 1: 15 weeks after birth; study 2; 10 weeks after birth), female pups were subjected to “dietary self-selection” (DSS), which allowed them to choose their own macronutrient compositions, level of food intake and protein sources (second study only).Regardless of the maternal diet, these two studies showed that when DSS was composed with separate macronutrients, rats exhibited overfeeding and increased lipid intake coupled with a decreased carbohydrate intake. Moreover, the results of the second study indicated that rats did not orient their protein intake towards the maternal protein source to which they were exposed during perinatal period. Nevertheless, the two studies showed that the maternal HP diet during gestation caused an increased adiposity in female adult offspring, regardless of the maternal protein source. This increase was stronger when offspring were subjected to DSS condition, which allowed them to increase lipid intake and decrease carbohydrate intake.In conclusion, perinatal exposure to a HP diet varying in protein quantity and quality increases the risk of becoming overweight in female rat adult offspring. We assess the relationship between these data and the the sensitivity of central pathways of food intake and reward control, the sensitivity of energetic and peripheral metabolic pathways, and the gut microbiota composition and activity.This work provides new data indicating that a balanced diet in protein quantity and quality during gestation, through a protein/carbohydrate ratio and amino acid profile, could play a key role on offspring phenotypic parameters, especially when submitted to increased dietary options
Fidolini, Vulca. "Les constructions de l'hétéronormativité : sexualité, masculinités et transition vers l'âge adulte chez de jeunes marocains en France et en Italie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG025/document.
Testo completoThis thesis investigates representations of sexuality and constructions of masculinity among young Moroccan Muslim men (aged between 20 and 30) who migrated to France (Alsace) and Italy (Tuscany). Sexual accounts and gender identification processes are the main fields to study heteronormativity and to show how its hegemonic power is interwoven with other social relations which define the transition to adulthood of these young men. By exploring the outcomes of a qualitative research – based on ethnographic observation and interviews – this study demonstrates that heteronormativity, far from being a monolithic power, is a plural norm which produces not only social constructions of sexuality and masculinity among young Moroccans, but also shapes intra- and intergenerational relationships, relations among minority groups, and between migrants and the majority population
Peiffer, Julie. "Étude de la neurotoxicité d’un Polluant Organique Persistant chez le rat : effets à court et à long terme de l’inhalation répétée de fluorène sur le développement sensori-moteur du jeune et le comportement à l’âge adulte". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL103N/document.
Testo completoActually air pollution is ubiquitous due to the emission of chemical compound from many sources. In this context, Polycyclic Aromaric Hydrocarbons (PAH)related compounds are widely distributed in the air and have shown deleterious health effects.Fluorene was chosen as a representative compound of PAHs pollution. This work consisted in the evaluation of its neurotoxic effects in adult animals, exposed i.p., orally or by exposure nose-only. The inhalation model of exposure was then applied to the study of its effects on sensorimotor development and on behavioral activity of animals exposed in utero or during lactation.The results showed that fluorene is able to induce behavioral changes in adult animals exposed directly or indirectly on the level of anxiety and the locomotor activity, whereas no effect on learning and memory abilities has been observed. However, no defect on the development of motor and sensory functions was demonstrated. Furthermore, the analysis of the presence of the compound and three of its metabolites showed that the pollutant was able to cross the blood brain barrier and can be metabolized in the brain. Moreover, variations have been observed concerning behavioral and physiological responses between studies, showing that effects induced by fluorene are dependent on the way of administration, the level of contamination and the time of exposure.In conclusion, these results demonstrate in animals the behavioral toxicity of fluorene at levels of contamination corresponding to human cases of exposure, confirming so the risk of PAH exposure throughout life
Novo, Alexandre. "Analyse qualitative et quantitative du devenir à l’âge adulte de mineurs admis en accueil familial thérapeutique : nécessité de soigner les effets des liens primaires désorganisants chez les enfants placés afin de permettre une reprise de la subjectivation". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7018.
Testo completoWhile 2% to 3% of the entire French population is, or has been, concerned by Child Welfare (CW) as a minor, few research is focused on this part of society. Combined with this, the child protection system appears complex and obscure to a large part of the population, and also to partners such as carers.In this domain, which evolves almost in parallel with society, 164000 minors were separated in 2018 and then placed outside their homes in France. Only 800 of them were separated and then hospitalized in Therapeutic Foster Care (TFC).Since these centres are rare and poorly approached by research, and since all minors accompanied by the CW, often at the interface between psychiatry, psychology, somatic and social sciences, have a difficult place to establish, we felt it necessary to set up a study. To this end, we evaluated, through a cross-sectional and retrospective study, the adult outcome of children separated from their families and then admitted to 4 TFCs in child psychiatry sectors.The inclusion criteria were as follows: over 20 years old at the time of the study; admitted to TFC at least 8 years of age; out of TFC for at least 3 years.According to these criteria, 33 participants were included. They were 26.73 years old (±3.25), separated from their parents at 21.73 months (±13.25) and admitted to TFC at 30.27 months (±17.40).Quantitative evaluation uses the following tools: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Functional and Socio-affective Impact, CaMir (attachment) and Edicode (narrativity). The qualitative part uses Grounded Theory (GT). Our results show that the group of 33 participants has a narrative, attachment representations and socio-economic profile comparable to the results in the general population.Care, on average over 13 years (±2.10), is significantly associated with a better outcome as an adult, when linked to a parent-child separation before 18-25 months.The care seems to have allowed a resumption of a subjectivation that had been hindered by links of an irremovable and disorganizing nature.Despite the fact that our results show that the future is satisfactory, all participants stress, through the analysis by the GT, the abandonment of institutions in adulthood, and the need for an assessment interview a few years after the placement. Our qualitative results combined with the literature on the subject contribute to the importance of a systematic support programme between the ages of 18 and 25 years old for all former miners in care
Baillet, Julie. "Avoir un premier enfant avant 20 ans, et après ? : parcours familial des mères adolescentes au Mexique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100095.
Testo completoIn Mexico, adolescent fertility is presented today as one of the major social problems. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the family dynamics of women who became mothers during adolescence in a changing urban context. It compares three generations of women born in the second half of the twentieth century, a period of profound socio-demographic changes in Mexico (fertility decline, the increase of women education level, entry of women into the labor market, etc.). We have chosen a longitudinal approach to understand how this early fertility fits into the transition to adulthood. From the birth of the first child, we analyze the family trajectory of women, according to three major axes : the composition of the household, the marital history and the reproductive path. Obtained on the basis of data from the EDER retrospective biographical survey (2011) and semi-structured interviews in the city of Tijuana, the results reveal that the "precocity" of the process of family formation in urban areas does not necessarily means "specific" family trajectories. For those adolescent mothers, in a context where gender relations are highly unequal and social norms governing the settling-in the new-born child are strict, intergenerational relationships and the nature of relationships with the spouse will have an influence on the future of the family life course
Yaogo, Ahmed. "Déterminants sociaux des trajectoires de consommation d’alcool chez les jeunes dans la cohorte TEMPO". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T024.
Testo completoYoung adulthood is a critical period in terms of establishing lifelong health behaviors, including alcohol use. Yet, trajectories of alcohol abuse from adolescence onwards are not well known.Using data from a longitudinal cohort study set up in France [(n=2,582, age 4-16 years in 1991), (n=1,333, age 12-25 years in 1999), (n=1,103, age 22-35 years in 2009)], we examined the relationship between repeated alcohol intoxication in adolescence and later alcohol abuse, testing whether this association varies depending on individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics. We also studied the hypothesis that patterns of alcohol use in young adulthood are associated with lifecourse socioeconomic trajectory. In addition, we examined the relationship between parental history of alcohol use and offspring’s alcohol use in young adulthood, testing differences according to sex.In most adolescents, alcohol abuse is a time-limited behavior. Nonetheless, in adolescent participants from low income families, in girls, the likelihood of persistent alcohol abuse beyond adolescence may be increased. We also found that young adults who had a persistently low socioeconomic position from childhood to young adulthood were more likely to abstain from alcohol even after controlling for demographic, social, psychological and family characteristics. Additionally, participants with a downward social trajectory were disproportionately likely to abuse alcohol. In addition, parental history of alcohol use is especially predictive of offspring’s young adulthood alcohol misuse in men.Our findings suggest that alcohol use patterns in young adulthood may be influenced by early socioeconomic factors, which should be confirmed by additional studies in the future. Given young people alcohol abuse risks about their health and their future social and professional situation, alcohol use trajectories from adolescence onwards should be better monitored. Taking into account social mechanisms that influence trajectories of alcohol abuse among young people could be contributive, which should be brought to the attention of policymakers and mental health specialists
Carvallo, Sandra. "L’identité vocationnelle des jeunes adultes dans la transition études-emploi pendant la crise sanitaire : caractérisation et liens avec l’adaptabilité de carrière et le bien-être subjectif". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0480.
Testo completoVocational identity formation is a key developmental task for emerging adults, playing an essential role in their entry into adult life. As individuals develop their vocational identity, university and the working world help them to open and clarify their vocational identity options and development opportunities. Understanding how these contexts facilitate or hinder their professional development opportunities is essential to support the flourishing of emerging adults. By adopting a holistic-interactionist vision, this research aimed to account for the evolution of emerging adults’ vocational identity throughout the education-to-work transition and to characterize it in terms of career adaptability and subjective well-being, during the health crisis. Our sample comprised French emerging adults in education-to-work transition. Following a longitudinal approach, this research work included three measurement times. The first measurement took place at the beginning/middle of the last year of university studies, in November/December (N = 421); the second measurement was at the end of the academic year, May/June (N = 209); and the third measurement during the transition, November/December (N =147). In each measurement time, participants answered a questionnaire which assessed their vocational identity, career adaptability, subjective well-being, and perception of the influence of the health crisis on their future professional integration and well-being. The data was analyzed using a person-centered approach and considering different forms of variability. The results made it possible to confirm the presence of six vocational identity statuses among emerging adults throughout the study-to-work transition in the health crisis context. If identity development during this transition period seems to be confirmed (proportions of diffusion, moratorium and searching moratorium statuses decrease over time, while foreclosure status increase), our results highlight a certain stability of identity. 64.68% of emerging adults remained in the same identity status during the three measurements of the study. Furthermore, the constructive trajectories highlighted are characterized by a significant increase in commitment processes and a significant decrease in self-doubt and exploration in breath processes; as well as by a significant increase in all resources of career adaptability and positive affect and a significant reduction in negative affect. It has been shown that identity development goes hand in hand with growth in career adaptability and subjective well-being during the education-to-work transition. The objective of the complementary qualitative study was to explore how students perceive change processes during the education-to-work transition. Thematic analysis identified two major themes of change (“I am legitimate in my field” and “I know what I want and what I don't want”) and associated driving experiences, which related to participants feeling more confident, while also clarifying their self-perceptions and working world. Among the influencing factors, it was considered beneficial the students’ open attitude and master's internship. The presentation of six cases of different identity trajectories illustrated the retrospective experience of the education-to-work transition. The use of complementary methods made it possible to highlight the modalities of vocational identity development in the study-to-work transition and to consider perspectives in terms of future research and interventions
Laflamme, Maude. "Reconstructions identitaires chez les femmes autistes diagnostiquées à l’âge adulte". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25164.
Testo completoRecent studies have shown that the female profile of autism remains largely unknown within the psycho-medical community, to the extent that many autistic women see their condition go indefinitely undetected or only get diagnosed well into their adult lives. While becoming aware of the origin of their difference may enable people discovering themselves to be autistic at an advanced age to better understand their own functioning and to ensure respect, by themselves and others alike, for the particular needs associated with it, the ways in which the late diagnosis of autism can be interpreted from an identity point of view appear to have been little explored to date. The primary objective of this research is thus to analyze, on the basis of twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with as many autistic women diagnosed in adulthood, the ways in which they can be led to redefine the conception and expression of their personal identity following the confirmation of their neurological difference. As our data collection was carried out in two distinct locations, namely in Quebec and in France, we are also interested in how such an identity redefinition process might be influenced by the geographic context in which the person concerned evolves, and especially by the dominant representations of autism prevailing within that context. Finally, we examine whether the emergence of social movements struggling for better social recognition of female autism and for greater appreciation of the neurological diversity inherent to humankind can be associated in our participants with the development of a collective identity as autistic women or, more broadly, as people affected by some form of neurodivergence. Our results indicate that the diagnosis of autism in adulthood appears to result in an overall positive identity reconstruction for autistic women, but that many of them remain reluctant to express their reconstructed identity to others in a social context they perceive to be marked by the prevalence of a pejorative and stereotypical conception of autism and by a culture of conformity that exposes anyone whose way of being or acting deviates from the norms in place to a certain risk of stigmatization. We suggest, however, that openly asserting their difference as individuals and as a group may enable autistic women to contribute to a change in attitudes regarding their specific reality and, as a result, to the creation of a more tolerant and inclusive society with respect to neurodiversity as a whole.
Mathieu, Raphaël. "L’effet de l’hyperoxie néonatale sur la néovascularisation post-ischémique à l’âge adulte". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22317.
Testo completoDionne-Dostie, Emmanuelle. "Utilisation de l’électrophysiologie dans l’étude du développement des capacités d’intégration audiovisuelle du nourrisson à l’âge adulte". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20615.
Testo completoRobitaille, Marie-Pier. "Développement des comportements antisociaux de l’enfance au début de l’âge adulte : différences sexuelles et théories du contrôle". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19285.
Testo completoContext. The fact that girls manifest less antisocial behavior than boys is well known, although the etiology of the sex differences in antisocial behavior is still relatively misunderstood. Objective. The aim is to improve the understanding of the etiology of sex differences in antisocial behavior from childhood to early adulthood. Theoretical Framework. A theoretical framework was built based on control theories in criminology, addressing their weaknesses with developmental studies strengths. Associations between three control-related constructs (i.e., self-control, parental control, and familial patriarchy) and boys’ and girls’ antisocial behavior is assessed across developmental periods, in addition to their interplay. Method. Data are from 3007 participants of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children prospectively followed from kindergarten to early-adulthood. Antisocial behavior was assessed during childhood (ages 6 to 12), adolescence (ages 13 to 17) and early adulthood (ages 18 to 26) using questionnaires, clinical interviews, and juvenile and adult official records. Multilevel analyses and non-parametric complex models (e.g., Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions, Cross-Lagged Path Modeling) were used to test the hypotheses regarding sex differences in antisocial behavior proposed by self-control theory, social control theory and power-control theory. Main Results. Results showed that self-control and parental control are risk factors of antisocial behavior for boys and girls. Girls generally had a better self-control and were more controlled by their parents than boys, which partially explained that they manifested less antisocial behavior. Neither self-control nor parental control explained the entirety of the noted sex differences in antisocial behavior. In addition, there were reciprocal influences between self-control, parental control, and antisocial behavior from childhood to adolescence, suggesting a transactional process of the child and its environment in the emergence and persistence of antisocial behavior. Familial patriarchy was overall not associated with boys’ or girls’ manifestation of antisocial behavior. Results, however, indicated that self-control and familial patriarchy could have a stronger influence in regards of the frequency and/or diversity officially recorded antisocial behavior. Conclusions. This thesis supports the relevance of considering all variations in sex differences in antisocial behavior, namely variations across developmental periods, types of behavior and measures. Results suggest that the same control risk factors are associated with boys’ and girls’ antisocial behavior and that those risk factors have a similar effect for them. Sex differences in exposition to those risk factors would generally better explain sex differences in antisocial behavior. An alternative developmental model of control is proposed to account for all sex differences.
Chouinard, Rachel. "Maltraitance durant l’enfance et régulation de la tristesse et de la peur à l’âge adulte : une analyse qualitative". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21156.
Testo completoLachapelle, Virginie. "Caractérisation de l’importance clinique des rotavirus A et C dans la diarrhée des porcelets et leur excrétion jusqu’à l’âge adulte". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21069.
Testo completoLaurin, Mélissa. "De la maltraitance à l’enfance aux comportements d’agression à l’âge adulte : quel est le rôle de la réactivité émotionnelle et comportementale?" Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16099.
Testo completoDespite efforts to reduce the prevalence of childhood maltreatment, it is known to be associated with a variety of physical and mental health difficulties, including the manifestation of aggression. Emotional and behavioral reactivity, including anger, fear and avoidance, is proposed as a mechanism to explain the relationship uniting maltreatment and aggression. Four objectives are pursued to this end: to examine the relationship found between (1) maltreatment and aggression, (2) maltreatment and anger, fear and avoidance, (3) anger, fear and avoidance and aggression and (4) to formally test the mediator and moderator role of anger, fear and avoidance in this relationship. Data from 160 men aged between 18 and 35 and who were exposed or unexposed to maltreatment were compiled through questionnaires and a social provocation task measuring the facial expressions of anger and fear as well as avoidance behaviors. Results suggest that maltreatment experiences and avoidance behaviors are associated with aggression. Maltreatment experiences are however not linked to anger, fear and avoidance. While the results suggest that these indicators have no mediator roles in the relationship between maltreatment and aggression, responsiveness to anger and avoidance would magnify this relationship. Thus, results suggest that maltreatment experiences and the intensity of emotional and behavioral reactivity should be taken into account in interventions in order to target those most at risk of using aggression.
Comtois-Cabana, Maude. "Association entre la maltraitance à l’enfance et les symptômes dépressifs à l’âge adulte : une étude des profils de méthylation de l’ADN et de réactivité au stress". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25139.
Testo completoIncreasing evidence suggests that child maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the emergence of depressive symptoms in adulthood. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. The present study examined the mediating role of DNA methylation and the moderating role of stress reactivity in the association between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood. The sample comprised 156 young male adults aged between 18 and 35 years. Maltreatment experiences and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Cortisol, a hormone secreted in response to stress, was measured in response to the Trier Social Stress Test. DNA methylation of nine candidate genes (COMT, FKBP5, IL-6, IL-10, MAOA, NR3C1, OXTR, SLC6A3 et SLC6A4) was quantified using the Sequenom EpiTYPER technology after the extraction of salivary DNA. Results suggest that DNA methylation did not explain the association between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood, and that the associations underlying the mediating effect of DNA methylation did not vary according to the cortisol stress response. Nonetheless, the results suggest that maltreatment experiences and depressive symptoms are both associated with changes in DNA methylation profiles. Finally, these findings underscore the importance of reducing the prevalence of child maltreatment in order to limit the onset of depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood.
Sy, Ousmane. "Identification des trajectoires développementales de fréquence de la consommation d’alcool durant l’adolescence et relation entre ces trajectoires et la consommation excessive d’alcool épisodique à l’âge jeune adulte". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19459.
Testo completoContexte: L’impulsion à cette étude est le fait que la consommation d'alcool chez les adolescents a augmenté au cours des dernières années et que la consommation excessive d'alcool épisodique est de plus en plus fréquente chez les jeunes adultes. La prévention des problèmes de la consommation d’alcool chez les jeunes doit commencer par l'identification appropriée des sous-groupes d'adolescents à risque élevé. Objectifs: Cette étude avait trois objectifs: (i) identifier les trajectoires de développement de la consommation d'alcool chez les adolescents; (ii) d'examiner l'influence du sexe sur les trajectoires et (iii) d'examiner la relation entre les trajectoires de consommation d'alcool à l'adolescence et la consommation d'alcool excessive épisodique à l'âge jeune adulte. Méthode: Nous avons utilisé des données de l'étude longitudinale (n = 1294, 1999 - 2012) des adolescents âgés de 12 à 13 ans au début de l'étude de NDIT (Dépendance de la nicotine chez les adolescents). Les 1245 participants qui ont complété au moins trois des 22 cycles de NDIT ont été stratifiés selon leur statut alcoolique. C’est à dire ceux qui avaient consommé de l'alcool au début de l’étude, les buveurs (n = 497) et ceux qui n'avaient jamais consommé d'alcool au début de l’étude, les abstinents (n=748). Nous avons identifié les trajectoires de développement de la fréquence de la consommation d'alcool sur la base de 19 vagues de collecte de données après le début de l’étude de la 7e année (de 12 à 13 ans) à la 11e année (17-18 ans) en utilisant la modélisation semi-paramétrique basée sur l’approche des trajectoires par groupe (GBTM). Nous avons conduit des séries de régression logistique afin d'étudier l'association entre les trajectoires de développement de la consommation d'alcool et la consommation excessive épisodique à l'âge jeune adulte chez les buveurs d’alcool au début de l’étude et les abstinents au début de l’étude. Résultats: Pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon global (abstinents et buveurs) cinq groupes de trajectoires ont été identifiés. Ensuite, quatre groupes de trajectoires ont été identifiés parmi les abstinents au début de l’étude (‘faible’ consommateurs (28.3%, n=215), consommateurs tardifs croissants (21.5%, n=161), consommateurs modérés (29.9%, n=224) et consommateurs réguliers (20.3%, n=152). Parmi les consommateurs d’alcool (buveurs) au début de l’étude, les groupes de trajectoires comprenaient des consommateurs d’alcool peu fréquents (rares) (15.4%, n=76), des consommateurs en hausse (34.1%, n=170), des consommateurs réguliers (41.7%, n=207) et des consommateurs en baisse (8.8%, n=44). Les adolescents des groupes de trajectoires de fréquence de consommation d’alcool les plus élevées étaient plus susceptibles de pratiquer la consommation d’alcool excessive épisodique à l’âge jeune adulte. Conclusion: Cette étude montre la variabilité des trajectoires de développement de la consommation d'alcool des adolescents. Les données suggèrent que des approches multiples peuvent être nécessaires pour prévenir la consommation problématique d'alcool chez les adolescents et que ces approches devraient être nécessairement adaptées au sexe.
Background: The impetus for this study is that alcohol use among adolescents has increased in recent years and that heavy episodic or binge drinking is increasingly common in young adults. Prevention of problem drinking must begin with appropriate identification of sub-groups of adolescents at higher risk. Objective: This study had three objectives: (i) to identify the developmental trajectories of alcohol consumption among teens; (ii) to examine the influence of sex on trajectories and (iii) to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption trajectories in adolescence and binge drinking in young adulthood. Method: We used data from the NDIT (Nicotine Dependence In Teens) longitudinal study (n=1294; 1999 – 2012) of adolescents ages 12-13 years at inception. The 1245 participants who completed at least three of 22 NDIT cycles were stratified into those who had consumed alcohol at baseline, baseline drinkers (n=497) and those who had never consumed alcohol, baseline nondrinkers (n=748). We identified the developmental trajectories of the frequency of alcohol consumption based on 19 data collection waves after baseline from grade 7 (age 12-13) to grade 11 (age 17-18), using semi-parametric group-based trajectory modeling. Logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between the alcohol consumption developmental trajectories and binge drinking in young adulthood among baseline drinkers and baseline nondrinkers. Results: Five trajectory were identified for the whole sample (baseline nondrinkers and baseline drinkers, n=1245). Then, four trajectory groups were identified among baseline nondrinkers (low consumers (28.3%, n=211), increasing late consumers (21.5%, n=161), moderate drinkers (29.9%, n=224), and regular users (20.3%, n=152). Among baseline drinkers, trajectory groups included experimenters (15.4%, n=76), increasing (34.1%, n=170), regular (41.7%, n=207) and decreasing consumers (8.8%, n=44). Participants in the higher trajectory groups were more likely to binge drink in young adulthood. Conclusion: This study shows variability among adolescents in alcohol consumption developmental trajectories. The data suggest that multiple approaches may be necessary to prevent problem alcohol consumption among adolescents and that these approaches may need to be sex-sensitive.
Duval, Nancy. "Le rôle de la Télémachie dans l’Odyssée d’Homère". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5008.
Testo completoOne can understand the various functions of the Telemacheia within the Odyssey only by taking into consideration the identity theme. The structure of the Telemacheia and the accessory functions it plays within the Odyssey contribute to defining Telemachus’ own identity as well as Odysseus’. At the end of the poem, even though Telemachus has internalized and accepted his filial origin, his social role and identity are left undefined at the moment of his father’s return and as a consequence thereof. This may explain the lack of consensus among scholars with regard to Telemachus’ development, or social and heroic status (i.e. epithet, maturity, etc.). The Telemacheia triggers Telemachus’ initiation into heroic life but the process is left incomplete. The final step, incorporation, during which everyone recognizes Telemachus’ new identity as a hero and adult, ready to assume higher responsibilities, is not enacted by the poem.