Tesi sul tema "Dysfonctionnement (le mot français)"
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De, castro Valentine. "Inhibition du récepteur d’aryl hydrocarbone pour optimiser les thérapies anticancéreuses à base de lymphocytes T". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCE012.
Testo completoIn recent times, adoptive antitumor immunotherapy based on engineered T cells has allowed scientists to obtain very promising clinical results in the context of hematologic malignancies. Despite the success of this therapeutic innovation, many patients do not respond sustainably to this approach, and the targeting of solid tumors remain difficult. This can, for example, be explained by the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment causing engineered T cells to lose their functions. To overcome this limitation, various strategies have emerged such as the development of molecular genome editing tools. Among these, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has already shown its potential in optimizing the effector functions of engineered T cells by invalidating the target genes involved in the establishment of the dysfunctional profile. We took interest in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a potential candidate for invalidation to optimize T cells’ antitumor functions in the context of adoptive transfer. To do this, we studied the impact of invalidating Ahr gene in nonspecific and specific chronic stimulation models. This study showed the benefit of targeting AhR in order to optimize adoptive antitumor immunotherapies
Benzitoun, Christophe. "Description morphosyntaxique du mot "quand" en français contemporain". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931845.
Testo completoTurcsán, Gábor. "Le mot phonologique en français du Midi : domaines, contraintes, opacité". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20045.
Testo completoThis dissertation deals with theoretical problems concerning the phonological definition of the word. It is argued that any non-contradictory (transparent) treatment must take into account the opaque character of the word in surface strings and has to split the constraint set into two disjunct subsets : lexical and postlexical. A phonologized view of lexical domains is shown to be necessary to deal with opacity inside the lexicon. The discussion is couched in the framework of Head-driven Phonology (van der Hulst & Ritter 1999), a principles and parameters approach. Several types of opaque phonological phenomena are analysed from the point of view of the lexical - postlexical dividee, including various segment-zero alternations and the behaviour of so called " ambisyllabic " consonants. Fragments of the lexical phonology of Midi French are given a dependency treatment. Data mainly come frome Southern French dialects collected in the PFC project (Durand & Lyche 2003) and English
Stroumza, Kim. "Temporalité de l'énonciation et cristallisation discursive : analyse sémantique de quelques différences entre "quand" et "lorsque"". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0019.
Testo completoBilbaut, Faillant Frédérique. "Les citoyennetés du droit français : un même mot pour plusieurs statuts". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010253.
Testo completoGrinshpun, Yana. "Entre langue(s), discours et graphies, une identité problématique : ô". Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030133.
Testo completoThis thesis analyses the graphic form O/ô in French, used especially before noun phrases (“O woman!” “O terrible event!”. . . ). Its linguistic identity is problematic for several reasons: a) the fact that this form expresses heterogeneous linguistic functionings makes its frontier with the interjection oh uncertain. B) until today it has not been assigned to any grammatical category. C) Its Greek and Latin roots imply a linguistic memory and, for the speakers, a “hybrid competence”, d) It is tightly dependent on the publishers' and language specialists' intervention. The first part of the thesis, investigates the history of this form and its relationships with grammar from ancient Greek to contemporary French. The second part offers a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic description of the sequences [O+NP] in French. The functioning of this type of sequence is different from that of the interjection. The third part analyses the use of O, when followed by a noun phrase in a wide range of XVIIth century texts, belonging to various genres
Schrepfer-André, Géraldine. "La portée phrastique et textuelle des expressions introductrices de cadres énonciatifs : les syntagmes prépositionnels en selon X". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030023.
Testo completoThe PPcomplement selon X (according to X) indicating that an item of information is borrowed from a specific source (enunciative selon X) is able, under certain conditions, to introduce "discourse frames". These frames can extend their scope over several incoming sentences, unless some linguistic or typographical clues indicate their closure. In this study, we show that enunciative selon X are a sub-class of mediative (evidential) selon, and compare them not only with other uses of selon, but also with other adverbials such as d'après X, pour X and with verbal constructions of reported speech. We then describe the situations in which enunciative selon X integrate several sentences in their frame, and we review the clues most commonly involved in the closure of these frames. The study is based on the systematic analysis of an annotated corpus of excerpts from Le Monde diplomatique and quantitative indications on the different usages of selon X are taken into account. The results are formulated in a way which enables the implementation of rules in Natural Language Processing Systems
Cornillac, Guy. "La systématique de construction du mot en français : prolégomènes à une typologie du langage avec application au mot Esquimau". Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040023.
Testo completoThe study assumes that a typology of language should not be based on the particular characteristics of words in sentences, but rather on the structure and the functioning of the mechanisms, hidden in one's mind, which allow the emergence of the words. The author first tries to construct a theoretical model of the mechanisms responsible for the production of woods in French. His analysis, which concerns simple as well as complex words made up of different lexical constituents, reveals that the mental construction of the words in this language is ensured by a limited number of specific operators, and that it is realized instantaneously according to an order which is the opposite of the order of emergence of the words spoken. The same analysis, applied to the eskimo language, reveals that this systematical organization is not universal. The construction of the eskimo words relies indeed on a mechanical structure which is not as highly specialized as it is in French and which requires therefore more time to operate than it does in our language. Through his demonstration the author tries to point out a certain number of possible differences in the functioning of the human language
Kim-Gautier, Miran. "Constructions de "ça" générique : syntaxe et sémantique". Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/KIM-GAUTIER_Miran_2007.pdf.
Testo completoThe main goal of this thesis is to approach the problems which raise the construction of generic ça and to show its particularity with supporting the demonstrative pronoun ça. In the first part, we will show the status of ça as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun. More exactly, a great variety of deictic and anaphoric aspects of this pronoun, having specified the meaning of the demonstrative ça. We study also (left or right) dislocation, topicalisation, and connotation. The second part approaches the relations between the NPs and ça. After looking the classical generic articles les, le and un as well as their combinative possibility with ça, we enlarge the application's domain of ça to other partitive quantifiers -des, du, certains, plusieurs, quelques, beaucoup de, to numerals and even to the demonstrative adjectifs. Finally, we compare the construction of generic ça with other construction : il y a. . . Qui et c'est. . . Qui
Pham, Thi Dung. "Étude comparative du mot et du groupe nominal en français et en vietnamien". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2531.
Testo completoJung, Kyunghee. "Etude syntaxique de la proposition pour". Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA131019.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to describe the french preposition pour, which will be considered as a lexico-grammatical item. Following the principle of the largest number of arguments, the study examines the proposition at the level of sentence structure. A category of uses is first examined in which the phrase introduced by pour is complement to an operator (either a verb, a noun or an adjective), and it is shown thaht the preposition plays the part of an argument indicator. The concept "objet classes" is used to illustrate the semantic nature of the operators. The second part deals with adverbial phrases introduced by pour. The role of classifying nominale of modality is emphasized. Whenever such a nominal is not present in the surface structure, the deletion hypothesis has been prefered to postulation a predicative us of the preposition. The last part examines the structures of those set phrases which are formed with the preposition pour
Kim, Sun-Min. "Expression spatiales d'intériorité en coréen : une contribution à leur traduction en français". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0036.
Testo completoThis study aims at showing the semantic differences between "AN" and "SOK" in Korean through a semantico-referential analysis. It comprises three parts in view of facilitating translation into French. In the first section, we situate these two terms in the category Part-Nouns, and then in that of relational spatial markers. The second et the third part examine the semantics of "AN" and "SOK" respectively. "AN" is characterized by two features [+limit] and [+portion of space delimited] ; these features confer to "AN" a global vision and a static character. "SOK" possesses the same two and four additional features : [+difficulty of access due to obstacle], [+opposition between two spaces], [+observer], [+direction]. The dynamism of "SOK" and its vision, partial as well as sequential, is the result of the combined action of its six features. As an antonym of both "AN" and "SOK", "BAKK" is characterized by two features : [+limit] and [+portion of space partially delimited], but the use of "BAKK" always suppose, the implication of an interior space. The tri-axial system on which rely the orientational terms functions as a negative criterion for the recognition of "AN" and of "SOK" ; it competes with the features of theses markers
Skog, Nielsen Marina. "Etude comparative des expressions figées et figurées contenant le mot "coup" en français et leurs interprétations et équivalents en suédois : questions de traduction". Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030191.
Testo completoDhiabi, Tijani. "Polysémie et polyfonctionnalité du mot "si" : propriétés syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques en français préclassique". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2001/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is a part of researches that deals with linguistic change has two main objectives. Firstly, to elaborate a full description of all the usages of the French word “si” (if) in pre-classical French. Secondly, to indicate the forms its uses in the pre-classical era, which is no longer used where they give way to other forms and other usages in French modern language. The first part deals with the history of the term “si” (if), dating from the pre-classic era to our contemporary age, however the second and the third examines the adverbial and conjunctional uses of this word as it appears in the pre-classical language. This study, which relies on examples taken from old literary works written during the beginning, the middle and the end of this era from 1550 to 1650, is on line with the theorists of Discourse analysis approaches whose postulates make it possible to account for the different types of syntactic, semantic, enunciative and pragmatic analysis. Then, the pre-classic “si” (if), if he shares common properties with its modern usage, there it is worth noting that no use of the pre-classical language corresponds perfectly to its current language. Furthermore, the modern “si” (if) is closer in its usage to modern than the medieval one. Despite this divergence, the pre-classical uses of the word “si” (if) tend to deviate from its uses of the medieval period and move progressively towards the system of the language of today
Mirsamiie, Reza. "Valeur distinctive des prépositions de et à devant l'infinitif (Discours politique)". Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030068.
Testo completoThe study of the syntactic status of "de" before the infinitive shows that a purely syntactic study is not sufficient to account for its conditions of use. Such a study must be followed by a study of the act of uttering. In this approach, one notices that, whenever the infinitive is preceded by "de", the project is preconstructed: the role of "de" is to delimit the project expressed by the infinitive in the notional field. When "de" is a preposition, the construction precedes the utternce; when "de" is not a preposition, the construction is made during the uttering process. The study of the phrases in "a + infinitive" and their comparison with those in "de + infinitive" shows that the infinitive preceded by "a" represents the notion; the role of the element "a" is to mark the project aimed at by the agent and or the utterer
Carpin, Gervais. "Histoire d'un mot : l'ethnonyme "Canadien" de 1535 à 1691". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24047.
Testo completoYun, Hee-Seon. "Analyse contrastive des expressions de "moyen" en français et en coréen : élaboration d'une catégorie métalinguistique "moyen"". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0077.
Testo completoThe aim of this study is to establish a metalinguistic category "moyen" which can be used as an interface between descriptions of the instrumental relation in french and korean. This study is motivated by the vagueness of the descriptive tools: "moyen" in french and "sudan" in korean, which are currently used in dictionaries, grammar books, linguistic studies. In order to define these descriptive tools clearly, we first considered the normal form of utterance on which the interpretation "moyen" is based. The form concerns : "nucleus-sentence + relation ,ominal marker-N". Secondly, we set up a small number of reproducible paraphrases which permit us to discover the parameters for distinguishing the interpretation "moyen" from its other interpretations. From a contrasting point of view, we made a point of defining the metalinguistic category "moyen" by the syntactic and semantic properties, which bring out the points that expressions of the instrumental relation in french and korean have in common and those where they differ. In this way, we defined a metalinguistic category "moyen" in french and korean : in some cases, this is determined by a generalizing semantical principle; in others, by local parameters linked to semantical configurations specific to each language
Balmont, Michel. "Sémiotique du mot de passe : un exemple, les rituels maçonniques français entre 1725 et 1830". Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20009.
Testo completoTo use a password is not only an exchange of words. In fact it is a complex ritual, mixing words and gestures. It must be considered as a text which can be understood through a semiotic analysis. This ritual has a triple function. Of course it is meant to check the qualification of the one who wants to enter, but also to integrate him, as he is standing in the doorway, into the community. At last, the ritual states the rules of communication in the group
Lassaad, Kalai. "L’erreur orthographique dans les productions écrites des élèves tunisiens : origine du dysfonctionnement et contribution à la maîtrise de la compétence orthographique". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030093/document.
Testo completoIn the Tunisian school context, with its impact on almost all academic disciplines, especially in high school, mastering the written French language is central to students learning and is a key component of academic success. The spelling, as an important component of writing, is a fearsome obstacle for those who do not master it. Looking for the true causes of spelling difficulties of Tunisian students and proposing ways to help teachers and learners, this is the approach that we have adapted both for criticism and action. This paper outlines the context in which teaching and learning of French- in general and spelling in particular- are done, analyzes the data, the students' written works and questionnaires, trying to bring out the causes of dysfunction and invests the researches' contributions in spelling to present a modest suggestion by way of a contribution for the improvement of spelling skills of Tunisian students. This study shows ultimately the importance of taking into account the specificity of the Tunisian context in the development of curricula
Betote, Doumbe Akwa Martin Robert. "Identité lexicale et régulation de la variation sémantique : identité et variation du mot raison". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100025.
Testo completoFath, Nour-Eddine. "Vers une homogénéisation en termes de données, justification et prétention, des propriétés argumentativo-illocutoires assciées au connecteur donc". Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1021.
Testo completoRémi-Giraud, Sylvianne. "Etude semantique du mot air : xvii et xx siecles". Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0006.
Testo completoMari, Alda. "Polysémie et décidabilité : le cas de avec ou l'association par les canaux". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0098.
Testo completoBailleul, Charlotte. "Études sur have et avoir". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1690.
Testo completoThis study is a continuation of works exploring the verb have and on the verb avoir in French in the framework of generative grammar. It consists in a semantic and syntactic study of different uses of these verbs. This approach aims at highlighting the interface between the syntax and semantics of the diverse constructions. The constructions are classified according to their semantic properties. These properties are investigated so as to establish a syntactic analysis consistent with the facts and based on recent studies on the role and the representation of aspect in syntax. We state that have (and avoir in French) has no lexical content, which means that it is neutral at a structural level. In have and avoir sentences, the meaning is given not only by the lexical context, but also by the aspectual roles of the participants, and the type of eventuality denoted. We suggest that a unique aspectual role can generate distinct interpretations with regard to the type of eventuality involved. According to our analysis, have and avoir sentences all obey the same aspectual constraint
Anger, Violaine. "Musique et langage : contribution à une poétique du mot chanté en français de Rousseau à Mallarmé". Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081465.
Testo completoIn the xixth century, music and language have a cross history : rousseau and mallarme, meyerbeer and debussy can be considered as departure and terminus, theoretically as well as in the artistic realizations
Sales, Marie-Pierre. "Influence du lexique et de la syntaxe sur la reprise pronominale : exemple de ça". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100088.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to describe the French pronoun ça, which is not always the informal equivalent of cela, since they cannot both commute in every context. A diachronic perspective shows that two words have contributed to create the morpheme ça : ce, a pronoun in Old French, more and more associated with là, and a locative adverb (çà) from the ci, çà, là paradigm. This origin can explain the syntactic use of ça and allows us to separate two units: a pronoun (ÇA1) and an adverb (ÇA2). However some idioms reveal that it is impossible to artificially separate two units because in some cases such as: il est plus gros que ça (‘it is bigger than this’); qui ça?(‘who did you say?’); faire ci et ça (‘to do this and that’), it cannot be decided if ça is still a pronoun or if it adds emphasis to a sentence. Our goal is also to link the pronoun ça to idiomaticity. This work deals with the specific construction ça V (as in ça vend bien! ‘it sells well’]) and, moreover, it analyses three levels of idiomatic phrases where ça is the subject of a verb: ça me fait une belle jambe [‘a fat lot of good that does me’](first level), ça craint [‘it sucks’](second level), ça barde [‘things are really going to heat up’] (third level). More than the distinction of two units and the problem of idiomaticity, our description of the French morpheme ça inscribes the word in the entire lexical paradigm: ce, ceci, cela, celui-ci, celui-là, ci, là, ce N-là
Meneksegil, Anouk. "Le dire et l'indicible". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040185.
Testo completoAssuming that the inexpressible is fundamentally undisable, how can one grasp it without being tempted to shroud it in the obscure and untouchable aura of mysteries? From morphological point of view, the Latin privative prefix which expressive the lack or the absence of something disrupts the field it applies to, tightening and restraining it into its limits. One can be mistaken about the meaning and tonality of an apparent pattern of the inexpressible on the expressible thus extrapolating the inexpressible from the expressible which already exist. When one thinks about it, one becomes aware that the secret and prior presence of the inexpressible seems to make the expressible we end up in turn up again
Ponchon, Thierry. "Sémantique lexicale et sémantique grammaticale : le verbe faire en français médiéval". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040015.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to point out the polysemy and functions of the verb faire during a specific period in the history of French language: medieval french. As a theoretical starting-point, this thesis uses the psychomecanical notion of subduction, which is the capacity of certain words to be able to decrease their literal senses. It tries to bring out, as clearly as possible, the intermediate stages which appear between the uses of faire as auxiliary verb and those as literal sense verb
Voga-Redlinger, Madeleine. "Codage morphologique et phonologique du mot Ecrit : recherches bilingues et monolingues". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10082.
Testo completoNguyen, Thi Phuong Hong. "L'adaptation de la didactique du français au contexte sociolinguistique du Vietnam". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776831.
Testo completoCourvalin, Pauline. "De l’image au mot : analyse comparative de l’audiodescription du film The King’s Speech en anglais, allemand, français et espagnol". Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-225180.
Testo completoEnglebert, Annick. "Analyse sémantique et fonctionnelle du "petit mot" DE: étude synchronique et diachronique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213412.
Testo completoThiéry-Riboulot, Véronica. "Le mot Laïcité : histoire et usages contemporains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL055.
Testo completoThis dissertation establishes that the new ways in which French word laïcité has been used in France since 1989 reflect a semantic evolution. It first examines the history of the word through empirical analysis of various bodies of texts. It begins with the study of the medieval form lai and the words that preceded it in ancient languages. Lai is also compared with the English word lay. These lexical evolutions are appreciated in their historical, pragmatic and intralinguistic contexts. Then the fact that laïcité, which initially belongs to the anticlerical lexicon, is derived from laïque, a relatinized word from the ecclesiastical lexicon, is questioned. This paradox is explained by examining, within lexical networks, the phenomena of specialization, axiological evolution, availability and polysemic tension. Atypical competition between the two neologisms laïcism and laïcité in the 19th century is then commented. The historical part ends with the description of the dynamic derivatives of laïque in -is- and the uses of laïcité, which appears in two phrases, until 1989. Then comes the analysis of contemporary uses of the word, based on distinctive features of the abstract nouns: laxity in the enunciative context, lack of tangible reference accompanied by terminological or definitional statements, degree of abstraction and semantic variations in the nominal phrase, recourse to allegory. The dissertation concludes with a survey that measures the extent of the meanings given to the word today
Finkelstein, Karen. "Entre, comme". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010682.
Testo completoChampion, François. "Le mot et ses indices : rôle du lexique dans l'interaction didactique avec des adultes migrants en situation professionnelle". Paris 10, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169179.
Testo completoThis thesis of didactic of the French Foreign Language analyses the role of the lexicon in the interaction with migrant adults en a professional environment. This context reveals that the lexicon holds a central place in the procedures of teaching and training. Their description requires a model of analysis of the word's relationships with its indications present in the didactic situation. Analysis of the indication, "process from witch an uncertainty starting from an indication is dissipated", such as Prieto (1964 sq. ) proposed, is integrated into advanced research on pragmatic and agrees with the Bange's model of pragmalinguistic (1982), witch it even supplements by the concept of universe of speech, returning its coherence an autonomy on the discursive level of data analysis. This integrates model is put to the test on a corpus collected during a training. The conclusion presents the prospects for didactic treatment of the lexicon
Chauque, Marcelino. "Traversée des discours et des communautés langagières : approche par modélisation proxémique des positionnements identitaires et argumentatifs de locuteurs français et mozambicains". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30049.
Testo completoThe process of identification and distance implies the evolution on the same territory of subjects hesitating between the territorialized proximity and the assertion of the identities. The antagonistic resemblance that the mirror of the alterity offers causes contradictory feelings oscillating between the safety which the proximity of the other confers, of its speech, and the intersubjective insecurity stimulated by the productive and interpretative differential. This reading justifies the investment of three distinct axes but complementary to research of invariants and variations which appear in the relational game and put in competition various identity postures of French and Mozambican speakers. Whether they are face-to-face interactions, cyberinteractions, the use of the written press, in conversational mode or not, the simultaneous management of the overlapping identities convenes various levels of expression of the proximities, brought up to date according to the doxic components. The observation of the proxemic ethos makes a space modeling of the speeches and behaviors in interaction which convenes other disciplinary treatments: urban and interactional sociolinguistics, studies of the argumentation and Conversation analysis. What interests us is not so much the proxemic measurement (Hall, 1971) as the dynamic process of construction of the proximities and the use in production and reception of the Territorializing meaning. The stress is laid on the evidence of the strategic intentionnality and intersubjective adjustments related to the simultaneous management of the semiotic categories of the close and the distant
Lafrenière, Alexandre. "Le joual et les mutations du Québec : la question de la langue dans la définition de l'identité québécoise". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25927/25927.pdf.
Testo completoBracops, Martine. "Le système de CAR: étude grammaticale, sémantique et pragmatique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212501.
Testo completoMedel, Maraboli Marcela. "Perception de la qualité du vin par les consommateurs". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703094.
Testo completoColtier, Danielle. "Analyse sémantique de "selon" : quelques propositions". Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21046.
Testo completoChampion, Francois. "LE MOT ET SES INDICES? Rôle du lexique dans l'interaction didactique avec des adultes migrants en situation professsionnelle". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169179.
Testo completoElle est d'abord la relation d'un itinéraire de praticien, des années 1970 au début des années 2000, vers les théories pédagogiques et linguistiques, à travers les évolutions de l'enseignement du français langue étrangère en milieu migrant et professionnel. Une analyse du contexte et de la méthodologie révèle la fonction pivot du formateur dans l'élaboration des méthodes. Le lexique, du fait de son rôle dans l'interlangue des migrants et de ses rapports avec les situations d'émission et les objectifs de formation, tient une place centrale dans les procédures d'enseignement et d'apprentissage, particulièrement pour la construction de la compétence grammaticale,.
Cette thèse propose d'élaborer un modèle d'analyse des données lexicales et des rapports du mot avec ses indices, présents dans la situation de communication comme dans les stratégies d'enseignement. Il doit intégrer les derniers développements de la recherche en pragmatique. Le modèle d'analyse de l'indication, tel que Prieto (1964a) l'a proposé, est le plus apte à expliciter ces rapports. Il s'intègre en effet au modèle cognitiviste de la pertinence que soutiennent Reboul et Moeschler (1998). Mais c'est avec le modèle de la pragmalinguistique de Bange (1992) que les notions prietiennes s'accordent le mieux. Elles le complètent même, en adjoignant à une théorie de l'action une théorie de l'indication qui rend compte de la cohérence du discours didactique et de l'autonomie du niveau discursif dans l'analyse des données.
Elle met à l'épreuve la pertinence de ce modèle dans l'analyse d'un corpus recueilli au cours d'une formation, et elle présente en conclusion les perspectives pour un traitement didactique des rapports du mot avec ses indices dans la lignée du constructivisme piagétien et des techniques de remédiation cognitive.
Tummillo, Federica. "Le théâtre de Dario Fo après la fin des années soixante-dix : contexte, dramaturgie, poétique (1977-1999)". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL038/document.
Testo completoEl, Amraoui Mohammed. "Fibres optiques microstructurées chalcogénures fortement non linéaires à base AS2S3 : vers de nouvelles sources supercontinuum infrarouges". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679941.
Testo completoFrighetto, Aurélie. "Penser le "mot poétique" au XIXe siècle : entre discours lexicographique et pratique littéraire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL117.
Testo completoAt the crossroads of the history of language, lexicography, stylistics and literature, this doctoral dissertation aims to recount the path taken by the complex notion of the "poetic word" which is transfigured like no other in the 19th century. From the beginnings of Romanticism to the death of Mallarmé, the poetic lexicon is subjected to major disruptions, as it is torn between post-classical heritage and the denial of that heritage, between an attachment to modernity and end-of-the-century experimentations. To get a better grasp of the features of this evolution, we decided to put lexicographical discourse and literary texts in conversation with each other and contrast their conception of the poetic word. The first part offers an overview of the poetic as revealed by dictionaries (from the first Dictionnaire de l’Académie of 1694 to La Grande Encyclopédie of 1885-1902) and identifies a lexical corpus based on the terms defined as poetic by Pierre Larousse in his Grand Dictionnaire universel du dix-neuvième siècle (1863-1876). The second part analyses the uses of this lexicon in literary texts, showing how traditional poetic words manage to retain their aura. The third part focuses, on the one hand, on the misuses and limits of this lexicon that trivializes it and makes it cliché. On the other hand, it tackles all the new ways of poetizing the word as well as the renewal of thoughts on the poetic which, on the eve of the 20th century, borders on reverie
Karamalla, Hamid Neimat. "Analyse argumentative et énonciative des connecteurs : le cas du « mais »". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0078.
Testo completoThe purpose of the thesis is to formulate an argumentative and enunciative analysis of the connector "mais" within the frame work of the theory of Semantic Blacks, the second technical version of the theory of Argumentation within the Language. It replaces the topique version where the meaning of words consist of a package of tapoi by saying that the argumentative characteristic of discourse is related to the interdependence between the segments uttered. This interdependence takes the forme of a semantic black associating a fragment of discourse to another one. Firstly, the tools of this Semantical Slocks theory permit to avoid certain difficulties of the description of the adversative usage of "mais" proposed by Jean-Claude Anscombre and Oswald Ducrot. These difficulties are imputed to the confusion in using a notion of "'argumentation" not far from "inference" which is in contradiction with the principals of the theory of Argumentation within the Language. Secondly, they help us in our analysis of the refutative usage of '''maisSN'', in reviewing and redefining the notions of "rectification" and '''negation metalinguistique". So we introduce the Argumentative Theory of Polyphony which complete the Semantical Blocks theory, finally, the conclusion of our analyses recommended that there is only one type of "mais" in french language with different forms of opposition
Cosenza, Domenico. "Le refus dans l'anorexie". Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083339.
Testo completoThe thesis investigates the problem of mental anorexia within the psychoanalytic perspective inaugurated by Lacan and later developed within the Lacanian orientation in psychoanalysis. To this end, this orientation is reconstructed and historicised through a critical reading of the references to anorexia present in Lacan’s Writings and Seminars, and a reconstruction of the principal contributions made in the Lacanian orientation on anorexia. The research has identified the theme of refusal as the core of Lacan’s reading of mental anorexia. In particular, refusal is not reduced to the phenomenological and behavioural manifestations of anorexia, but is instead explored in its unconscious foundations. In Lacan’s references to anorexia, refusal presents various inflexions, which we have sought to reconstruct in four phases across his teachings. At the same time, we have developed a clinical formalisation which has led us to isolate four different functions of the refusal of mental anorexia, discernible through our reading of Lacan and those influenced by him, which come into play in the clinical experience of treatment of anorexic subjects. These are respectively: refusal as metaphor of desire, as defence against pulsion, as manoeuvre of separation, and as enjoyment. At the heart of the function of anorexic refusal Lacan situates the notion of the rien as that which causes it. In this work we have sought to arrive at an epistemological and clinical clarification of such a concept and its functions within mental anorexia. To this end, we have sought to identify its coordinates in the context of both adolescent as infant anorexia
El, Houdna Youssef. "Des pratiques scripturales disciplinaires en français dans l’enseignement supérieur : le cas de la formation médicale au Maroc". Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30025.
Testo completoThe research has as objective to examine the scriptural practices of 'medical semeiology' students enrolled in their third year of Medecine and Pharmacy, but also to describe their know-how, the writing types solicited, their performances and their mistakes from a comprehensive point of view. We have chosen the medical domain because it is a field where a multitude of practical writing styles persist and because studies in medecine can illustrate what happens in disciplinary practices with professional-qualification and professional orientation, the studies combining theoretical university practices and practical professional, each having its owns specificities. Questions raised on how the disciplinary medical system functions based on these two characteristics interest didacticiens and linguists who can describe it and propose paths of improvement. The major theoretical concept of this study on disciplinary writing and the transition towards practices and professional kinds (genres) of writing is 'le genre disciplinaire' (that we differentiate from the functional linguistic kind (genre) or the communicative rhetoric). Another theoretical tool used throughout this research is the concept of 'dysfonctionnement', useful for an analysis of students' discursive behaviour, which is not anchored in an over drawn conception of the standard
اللذين يتناولان "CIREL-Théodile" هذه الدراسة تدخل في إطار برنامج البحث للمختبرين "اللغة والمجتمع" و(DAUNAY , FLUCKIGER والمحتويات المتخصصة (MESSAUDI ,2010a, 2010b, 2013a) اللغيات التقنية.)& HASSAN, 2015C. الممثلة من طرف السيدة " Composition Theory" كما تتعلق هذه الدراسات أيضا بالميدانية الأمريكية2008 ) التي ترتكز أعمالها في دراسة العلاقة بين "الكتابة والمناهج " و "الكتابة , 2010) DONAHNEالتي تعتمد على تحليل الممارسات في إطار وصفي وليس " Les littéracies Universitaires" والتخصصات " ونقديا.وتتناول هذه الأطروحة الممارسات الكتابية للطلبة المسجلين بالسنة الثالثة بكلية الطب والصيدلة بالرباط، تخصص"السينمائية الطبية". كما تقوم هذه الدراسة بوصف مهارات وقدرات الطلبة في الكتابة وأجناسها مبرزة الجوانب الإيجابيةفي ممارساتهم.لقد اخترنا الميدان الطبي لأنه مجال يتضمن العديد من أجناس الكتابة ولأن الدراسة في هذا المجال جديرة بإعطاءصورة واضحة عما يجري في التخصصات ذات الطابع المهني.هذه الدراسة تجمع بين الممارسة النظرية الجامعية والممارسة التطبيقية المهنية، اللتين لكل منهما ميزاتها الخاصة فيماللممارسات، وهاته الميزات تثير أسئلة أخصائيي التعليم (Le système disciplinaire) يتعلق بالنظام الضابط(الديداكتيكيين) واللسانيين فيما يخص النظام التعليمي بغية تدقيق الوصف واقتراح ممارسات بهدف التحسين.إن المفهوم النظري الرئيسي في هذه الدراسة، فيما يخص الكتابة المتخصصة وكذا فيما يتعلق بالانتقال من الممارساتوأجناس الكتابة النظرية الجامعية إلى الممارسات وأجناس الكتابة المهنية، هو " الجنس" ) الذي نفرقه عن الجنس اللغويوالبلاغي التواصلي(.حيث (Le dysfonctionnement) " كما يعالج البحث - وإن كان بدرجة أقل - مفهوما أساسيا آخر ألا وهو " الخللأنه ضروري لتحليل السلوك الكتابي للطلبة في إطار تحليلي ووصفي بغض النظر عن تقويمه والحكم عليه
Fehri, Héla. "Reconnaissance automatique des entités nommées arabes et leur traduction vers le français". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1031/document.
Testo completoThe translation of named entities (NEs) is a current research topic with regard to the proliferation of electronic documents exchanged through the Internet. So, the need to process these documents with NLP tools becomes necessary and interesting. Formal or semi-formal modeling of these NEs may intervene in both processes of recognition and translation. Indeed, it makes the accumulation of linguistic resources more reliable, limits the impact of linguistic specificities and facilitates the transformation from one representation to another. In this context, we propose a tool for the recognition and translation of Arabic NEs into French, based primarily on formal .representation and a set of transducers. This tool takes into account the integration of a module of transliteration. Its implementation was performed using the NooJ platform and the results obtained proved to be satisfactory
Zhao, Liping. "Analyse de la structure en préposition + quoi en emploi résomptif". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030058.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a study of the functioning of the preposition + quoi structure, characterized by its syntactic, semantic, and discursive use. We analyze the prep. + quoi groups representing the extra-predicative circumstance of a sentence, such as après quoi, à cause de quoi, moyennant quoi, au lieu de quoi, etc. They differ from the prep. + quoi used as essential complements (e.g. à quoi) and intra-predicative circumstances (e.g. en quoi) articulated to a verb. This research is based on a corpus of literary texts, published between 1950 and 2018, listed in Frantext. Compared to other groups such as prep + cela / ça, the prep + quoi structure has specific syntactic uses, characterized by its position at the beginning of the statement. It is interesting to note that quoi often refers to a situation (a process), several situations, or an abstract entity of vague meaning, etc. These referents are represented by different syntactic forms and by different types of segments : a predicative unit, several predicative units, a predicative nominal group, etc., which are specific to a resumptive use. Quoi does not refer to an identified noun, but rather to the unnamed, unclassified. The resumptive use of quoi allows the structure to play a discursive role. We distinguish five discourse values (tense, causality, concession, opposition, and hypothesis) of prepositional groups + quoi and we examine their properties
Nasr, Joseph. "Le Rien en architecture, l'architecture du Rien : penser le "Rien", exister le "Rien", le "Rien est une pensée". Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083059.
Testo completoMan lives on the Earth : he has the will and the knowledge to build, to destroy, and to rebuild, he is a destructive creator. Between what exists and what does not exist, between what is missing and what is not (non-existing existence – existing non-existence), he has the desire to "want the Nothing" and "desire the Nothing". It seems to me that Nothing is simultaneously the "something" and the "Nothing ". How to want it, think it, and reify it ? It is a substantial and phenomenal Nothing : between what concurrently exists and does not exist, between what neither exists nor does not exist. It makes the existence possible in a state of existence : drunkenness, chance, suffering, destruction, astonishment, absence, childbirth, death. The substantiality and the phenomenality of the Nothing, confer on it the potential for the existence of a constructive concept. Its purpose is to bring into existence the non-existence : "immatérialization" of the real, the visible, and the "materialization" of the transparent and the invisible. In this Nothing, Man reaches the paroxysm of the "aesthetic of destruction" and the "aesthetic of suffering". The destruction is a "Nothing" : it brings about the disappearance in order to "reveal the disappearance". Ruin, whether human or architectural, is "Nothing" (enchanted ruin) : its presence reveals the absence. The destruction of Ruin is a "Nothing" (destroy destruction through destruction itself) : its absence allows fot presence, its invisibility allows for visiblity, oblivion activates memory. It is a will to bring about the appearance out of the disappearance. The disappearance of the disappearance reveals the "absence of trace" that becomes the only "trace of the absence"