Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Dynamique des polluants particulaires"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Dynamique des polluants particulaires":
Vami Hermann, N’Guessan Bi, Lazile Stephanie, Loukou Jerome André, Saley Mahaman Bachir e Kouadio Affian. "Estimation Des Concentrations Et Cartographie De La Dynamique Des Polluants Atmosperiques Particulaires Dans La Ville D’abidjan". European Scientific Journal ESJ 17, n. 43 (31 dicembre 2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n43p116.
Walaszek, Milena, Julien Laurent, Paul Bois e Adrien Wanko. "Dynamique de rétention des micropolluants par un système extensif de traitement de rejets urbains de temps de pluie stricts d’un bassin versant résidentiel". Revue des sciences de l’eau 31, n. 2 (3 ottobre 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051693ar.
FLANAGAN, K., P. BRANCHU, L. BOUDAHMANE, E. CAUPOS, D. DEMARE, S. DESHAYES, P. DUBOIS et al. "Vers une maîtrise à la source de la contamination des eaux pluviales urbaines : rétention et devenir de micropolluants dans deux ouvrages de filtration végétalisés". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n. 12 (20 gennaio 2020): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/201912065.
Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L., S. Barraud, G. Lipeme Kouyi, A. Torres e M. Lepot. "Mesurages en continu des flux polluants particulaires en réseaux d’assainissement urbains : enjeux, méthodes, exemple d’application". La Houille Blanche, n. 4 (agosto 2008): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb:2008039.
Jaffré, Mikaël, Alastair Franke, Alexandre Anctil, Philippe Galipeau, Erik Hedlin, Vincent Lamarre, Vincent L’Hérault et al. "Écologie de la reproduction du faucon pèlerin au Nunavut". Oiseaux de proie diurnes 139, n. 1 (3 dicembre 2014): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027671ar.
PATRIS, T., P. BALCH, C. JOANNIS e A. CHAUBET. "Relations entre paramètres physiques et concentrations en polluants dans les effluents unitaires de Brest Métropole". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n. 6 (22 giugno 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202006059.
Cloutier, Frédéric, Guillaume Jalby, Paul Lessard e Peter A. Vanrolleghem. "Modélisation dynamique du comportement des métaux lourds dans des stations d’épuration". Revue des sciences de l'eau 22, n. 4 (22 ottobre 2009): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038325ar.
Temimi, M., e S. Bennis. "La prévision en temps réel des charges de polluants dans un réseau d'assainissement urbain". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, n. 3 (12 aprile 2005): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705474ar.
Grafton, Quentin R., e Rose Anne Devlin. "Les permis d’émission et les charges : efficacité et substituabilité". L'Actualité économique 70, n. 2 (23 marzo 2009): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602139ar.
Chettouh, S. "Développement d’une analyse du cycle de vie dynamique pour l’évaluation des effets d’incendie industriel. Cas de la raffinerie de skikda". Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, n. 1 (2 giugno 2023): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v14i1.7.
Tesi sul tema "Dynamique des polluants particulaires":
Djeddou, Mokhtar. "Étude de la dynamique des polluants particulaires dans un habitacle automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0231.
Air pollution, especially that caused by fine and ultrafine particles, has significant deleterious effects on human health. Several studies have established a direct link between exposure to particulate pollution and various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Within vehicles, the threat is even more concerning due to the significant concentrations of particulate pollutants recorded. Therefore, improving air quality inside vehicle cabins is now a major priority for automotive manufacturers. In this context, this study aims to understand the interior environment of vehicles by characterizing the spatial distribution of pollutants, particularly fine and ultrafine particles, as a function of their size and parameters such as flow topology and turbulence level. This knowledge will be crucial for targeting localized air purification solutions, optimizing the placement of the micro-sensors that will equip future vehicles, and providing solutions for the more effective management of filtration systems as a function of the distribution and concentrations of these particles in the car cabin. First, special attention was devoted to modeling the single-phase flow. Two numerical modeling approaches have been adopted: the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) approach, based on solving the mean flow fields of the Navier-Stokes equations, and the LES (Large Eddy Simulation) approach, which involves solving the large structures containing the major part of the kinetic energy and modeling the contributions of the smaller scales. In the case of the RANS approach, various closure models, of first- and second-order, have been tested and compared. Furthermore, the turbulence structure of the flow inside the car cabin has been analyzed using Lumley's Anisotropy Invariant Mapping method (AIM). Finally, to validate the results of the numerical models, a velocity field measurement campaign, based on hot-wire anemometry technique, was conducted inside the cabin of an SUV-type car. Next, the dynamics of particulate pollutants in the car cabin was studied using the Diffusion-Inertia Model (DIM). This Eulerian model of inertial particle diffusion takes into account various transport mechanisms, including transport by the mean field, the effect of volume forces (i.e., gravity), particle deviation from fluid streamline (centrifugal effects), Brownian and turbulent diffusion, and turbophoresis or transport by turbulent kinetic energy gradients. The model was first validated on standard configurations such as dispersion in small-scale ventilated enclosures, deposition in 90° circular bends, and particle transport in a round jet flow. The model was then applied to simulate particle transport inside a large-scale vehicle. The influence of particle size on internal concentration fields was first analyzed. Then, the influence of passenger presence was studied. Finally, a particle concentration measurement campaign was conducted in the cabin to assess the relevance of the two-phase model. This study has led to the development of a complete model for simulating the dispersion of particulate pollutants inside a car cabin based on ventilation conditions and particle characteristics
Pérard-Lecomte, Aude. "Caractérisation de la dispersion des polluants particulaires dans le sillage des poids lourds en milieu urbain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0207.
Road transportation is a major contributor to air quality pollution in urban areas, particularly in fine and ultrafine particles. These pollutants are harmful to human health, as they can worsen or cause lung and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, we are interested in the evolution of particles emitted from heavy truck exhausts, starting from their emission. The main objective of this thesis is to study the extent of particle dispersion emitted by heavy truck's exhausts, around and in the wake of heavy trucks. Numerical methods based on an Euler-Lagrange approach were used to simulate and characterize the airflow topology around the truck, using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method for the fluid phase and a Lagrangian approach for the dispersed phase. These simulations were supported by wind tunnel measurements in the wake of a reduced-scale model of a heavy truck. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used for analyzing the air velocity fields, while the dispersion of ultrafine solid particles was characterized by measuring concentration fields using a granulometer. The truck's wake flow is completely detached at the rear of the trailer, revealing a recirculation zone mainly composed of a large vortex, coming from the under-trailer. Particles' dynamics appears to be dominated by turbulence and strongly correlated with vortical structures, especially in the wake of the truck. Indeed, particles tend to concentrate preferentially on the periphery of the main vortex formed behind the truck, as well as in areas of low turbulent intensity. The movement of most inertial particles (diameter > 2.5~mu m) is dominated by gravity, while turbulence is mainly responsible for the movement and deposition of the finest particles (diameter < 2.5~mu m). The position and orientation of the exhaust pipe also have a significant influence on the extent of dispersion and the distribution of particles in the underbody and in the wake of the heavy truck. Indeed, when particles are emitted from the under-trailer, most of them are concentrated in the recirculation zone, less than 1.85H away from the trailer (H being the height of the trailer), and at human height. On the other hand, the particles emitted on the top of the truck are very rarely re-entrained in the recirculation zone, and are mostly concentrated above it, at a height equivalent to 2.6~m (0,9H) above ground level. The exposure of populations to the particles emitted by heavy goods vehicles could therefore be sharply limited when the exhausts are released from top of the truck
Golly, Benjamin. "Etude des sources et de la dynamique atmosphérique de polluants organiques particulaires en vallées alpines : apport de nouveaux traceurs organiques aux modèles récepteurs". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA019/document.
Recently, Air quality has become a sensitive topic for Rhône-Alpes region due to the formal notice which was addressed by the European Commission for non-compliance with legislation in force. Indeed, certain geographic areas in the region present a lot of overruns in PM10, especially in Alpine valleys during winter. These overruns particles are also accompanied by high concentrations of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which constitute these PMs. An increase in khowledge about the sources of particulate air pollution and their dynamics in Alpine valleys is necessary, in order to improve the implementation of policies to reduce emissions through better knowledge of the influence of different sources at regional level. This thesis is focused around emissions from industrial sources still poorly known and particularly of the carbon industry highly present in these industrial areas of the valley bottoms. Traditional approaches by metallic elements being not specific, exploration of the organic fraction allowed to propose a complete organic chemical profile. In addition they led us to evidence the benzo(b)naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene (BNT(2,1)), the most abundant particulate compound of the family of sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PASHs), as a tracer of this source. This compound was detected and quantified on multiple sites in near industrial activities confirming its potential source. In addition the industrial profile was introduced as profile “source” in order to assess its robustness in methodologies of receptor model like the “Chemical Mass Balance “(CMB) and the “Positive Matrix Factorization” (PMF). The results confirmed the interest of the addition of organic compounds to these methodologies. Thus, the industrial profile and the PASHs compounds have allowed to better trace the source usually called “carbon industry” (coal, coke and graphite materials combustions) in the Alpine valleys but also in different French urban sites. In parallel, a non linear regression model (NLRM) was developed to PAH source apportionment, based on the use of specific molecular markers (levoglucosan, hopanes…) and of meteorological data (altitudinal temperature lapse rate). Its implementation has been validated on a set of sites of the Alpine valleys of Arve and Tarentaise. Coupling between this model and the optical measurements of black carbon (BC) by aethalometer, allowed to propose a solution to the poor performance of correlation between PAHs measured and modeled by NLRM model on this site of the Maurienne valley. These low correlations may be related to poor representativeness of organic compounds used to correctly trace the emission sources at some sites. Finally, the inter-comparison of these methodologies for the determination of PAH sources and especially of industrial source allows to validate this methodology in an operational perspective of monitoring of PAH levels on these sites. The work performed during this thesis highlights the interest of the characterizatin of the organic fraction of PM and the biases that may exist on the use of organic compounds for the study of the emission sources. Some alternatives are suggested to clarify ambiguities and improve the source apportionment of PAHs by receptor models
Hafhouf, Asma. "Caractérisation du comportement des polluants particulaires dans les réseaux d'assainissement". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33474.
Water pollution in combined and sanitary sewers can be affected by changes in hydraulic behaviour in sewer systems. The Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are considered a major indicator of this type of pollution. It is in this context that this study fits. Its main objective is to characterize the behaviour of particulate pollutants in sewer systems under different hydraulic conditions. In order to achieve the research objectives, analyses of TSS, VSS (Volatile Suspended Solids) and ViCAs (Settling velocity in sewage) were performed with combined and sanitary water samples from Québec City. In addition, a database was provided by the city to study the hydraulic behaviour. The results obtained in terms of the hydraulic behaviour in wet weather show that the variation of the flow rate depends on the characteristics of the rain in the combined sewer system. Also, an important increase in flow in the old sanitary sewer was observed in wet weather. In terms of water quality, the evolution of the concentration of TSS and VSS in dry weather follows the evolution of the flow. In wet weather, decreasing TSS profiles are obtained for some events where high concentrations can be associated to first flush. These variations of the system hydraulics and concentrations of TSS and VSS also affected the particle settling velocity distribution measured with the ViCAs protocol. In fact, the settling velocity increases with the flow (flow velocity). On the other hand, an increase in the organic fraction coincides with a decrease in the settling velocity. In conclusion, this study has provided a better understanding of the processes affecting the behaviour of particles in sewer systems, which will contribute to the improvement and the prediction of water quality.
Piot, Christine. "Polluants atmosphériques organiques particulaires en Rhône-Alpes : caractérisation chimique et sources d'émissions". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661284.
Saari, Hanna-Kaisa Schmidt Sabine. "Dynamique saisonnière des transferts particulaires dans les systèmes fluviaux-estuariens". S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/SAARI_HANNA-KAISA_2008.
Dallagi, Anès. "Méthodes particulaires en commande optimale stochastique". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00226353.
La résolution des problèmes d'optimisation stochastique nécessite deux étapes : une étape d'approximation et une étape d'optimisation. Les deux premiers chapitres de ce manuscrit seront consacrées a la partie optimisation. Nous traiterons dans les chapitres qui suivront de l'approximation des problèmes d'optimisation dans l'incertain. Nous commencerons, dans ce manuscrit, (chapitre I) par présenter les problèmes qui seront abordés ; nous nous attarderons surtout sur la représentation de la structure d'information d'un probléme d'optimisation stochastique. Deux principales représentations se dégagent : une représentation algébrique et une représentation fonctionnelle. A partir de la nature de cette structure d'information, nous ferons la typologie des problémes d'optimisation stochastique : boucle ouverte, boucle fermée, information statique ou information dynamique. Le deuxième chapitre (chapitre II) traitera des conditions d'optimalité pour les problèmes de commande optimale stochastique : à partir des représentations algébriques ou fonctionnelles de l'information, nous présenterons des conditions d'optimalité du type Karush-Kuhn-Tucker. Les conditions présentées dans le chapitre II comportent presque invariablement des opérateurs d'espérance conditionnelle. La résolution de ces problèmes impose alors d'approximer ces opérateurs. Nous commencerons dans le chapitre III par motiver notre approche avant de passer à une revue de la littérature des problèmes d'estimation de densité, densité conditionnelle et espérance conditionnelle. Dans le chapitre IV, nous présentons la méthode des élements finis particulaires qui consiste en l'approximation de la structure d'information par une restriction du feedback à une classe donnée a priori de fonctions de base. Différents résultats de convergence et d'erreur asymptotique seront donné. L'avant dernier chapitre (chapitre V) présentera un algorithme chaotique de gradient pour la résolution de problémes d'optimisation stochastique en boucle fermée. Un résultat de convergence, de vitesse ainsi qu'une application numérique seront donnés. Nous nous intéresserons dans le dernier chapitre (chapitre VI) aux aspects numérique de la résolution des problèmes de commande optimale stochastique à partir des difféerentes méthodes présentes dans les chapitres précedents. Nous présenterons diffèrents algorithmes et heuristiques pour résoudre un problème de gestion de production d'un barrage hydro-électrique.
Audebrand, Michel. "Etude des polluants particulaires de l'atmosphère par spectroscopie de vibration et de leur rétention par l'appareil respiratoire". Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10503.
Lanson, Nathalie. "Étude des méthodes particulaires renormalisées : applications aux problèmes de dynamique rapide". Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0004.
Faye, Cheikh Benoit. "Détection des polluants métalliques particulaires dans les liquides par la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10099/document.
Water pollution is a major concern, as noted by the European Community. This problem is accentuated with metallic particles and the emergence of nanostructured products such as Nano-Objects, their Aggregates and their Agglomerates (NOAA). These are the special types of pollutants owing their physicochemical properties. The monitoring and control of these pollutants in water require the development of measurement instruments which are capable to anwer this environmental problem. In this context, the technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been developed at INERIS. It not only allows the chemical identification of these particles pollutants present in liquids, but also the determination of their concentrations in situ and in real time. This thesis has optimized the analysis of suspensions by LIBS with two sampling modes. The first mode focused on coupling LIBS with a liquid jet in which the detection limits of titanium dioxide were estimated at 0.5 mg/L. In the second mode, the suspensions were aerosolized with a nebulizer and analyzed by LIBS. The results obtained by comparing these two sampling modes show that the liquid jet may be advantageous for the analysis of suspensions. However, the aerosol mode has a practical interest if it has an aerosolization efficiency of over 50%. Finally, this work demonstrates the applicability of LIBS as a potential tool for in situ particle analysis of suspensions such as monitoring and control of wastewater
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Dynamique des polluants particulaires":
"Chapitre 8. Dynamique des polluants dans le système atmosphère-sol-plante potagère". In Jardins potagers : terres inconnues ?, 75–96. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1037-6-013.
"Chapitre 8. Dynamique des polluants dans le système atmosphère-sol-plante potagère". In Jardins potagers : terres inconnues ?, 75–96. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1037-6.c013.
"Chapitre 2 Milieux physiques et biosphère : la dynamique des transferts de polluants au sein de l’écosphère". In La qualité radiologique de l'environnement, 5–12. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1642-2.c007.
"Chapitre 2 Milieux physiques et biosphère : la dynamique des transferts de polluants au sein de l’écosphère". In La qualité radiologique de l'environnement, 5–12. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1642-2-007.