Tesi sul tema "Dynamique des foules"
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Sacks, Kim. "Foules et coercition : flux, ordres et dynamique du chaos". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H327.
Testo completoThrough the analysis of artistic and media-generated imagery, this text seeks to shed light on the mechanisms of the society of the spectacle, altered by the revolutions of information and communication technology. In virtual spaces, mediatization has emerged as the main modality of every dematerialized interaction. Image exercises power and conditions behaviors, but may also act counter to the dominant stream of spectacle thus opening a space for a counter-current both controversial and radical. This text examines how image is consumed in this society of the spectacle, in which coercion drives crowd psychology - fluid clouds of unique separated particles whose chaotic movements appear unpredictable. This research establishes a typology of crowds revised through the coercion of images, media, and the power of technology over individual freewill. By studying iconic images of violence and death in global visual events - as exemplified in The Falling Man, a photograph that stuns the viewer - the text raises issues concerning the seeming tensions between devices, information and crowds, while displaying the portrait of hypermodern Man in his relationship toward virtual crowds. Man, subjected to incessant streams of images, seems to be on a permanent quest for a freedom which eludes him, a consequence of an identity slowly dissipating into the mainstream. This text proposes an analysis of a society running adrift, a society offering nothing but a life of selfdisembodiment into technological devices : utopia of a new transparent Man, deprived of self, living only in the hope of achieving immortality by projecting the self into the information stream
Kabalan, Bachar. "Dynamique des foules : modélisation du mouvement des piétons et forces associées engendrées". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1126/document.
Testo completoCrowds are present almost everywhere and affect several aspects of our lives. They are considered to be on of the most complex systems whose dynamics, resulting from individual interactions and giving rise to fascinating phenomena, is very difficult to understand and have always intrigued experts from various domains. The technological advancement, especially in computer performance, has allowed to model and simulate pedestrian movement. Research from different disciplines, such as social sciences and bio-mechanics, who are interested in studying crowd movement and pedestrian interactions were able to better examine and understand the dynamics of the crowd. Professionals from architects and transport planners to fire engineers and security advisors are also interested in crowd models that would help them to optimize the design and operation of a facility. In this thesis, we have worked on the imporvement of a discrete crowd model developed by the researchers from the dynamics group in Navier laboratory. In this model, the actions and decisions taken by each individual are treated. In its previous version, the model was used to simulate urgent evacuations. Three main aspects of the model were addressed in this thesis. The first one concerns pedestrian navigation towards a final destination. In our model, a pedestrian is represented by a disk having a willingness to head to a certain destination with a desired direction and a desired speed. A desired direction is attributed to each pedestrian, depending on his position from the exit, from a floor field that is obtained by solving the eikonal equation. Solving this equation a single time at the beginning of the simulation or several times at during the simulation allows us to obtain the shortest path or the fastest path strategy respectively. The influence of the two strategies on the collective dynamics of the crowds is compared. The second one consists of managing pedestrian-pedestrian interactions. After having chosen his/her direction according to one of the available strategies, a pedestrian is bound to interact with other pedestrians present on the chosen path. We have integrated three pedestrian behaviors in our model: (i) pushing by using an original approach based on the theory of rigid body collisions in a rigorous thermodynamics context, (ii) forcing one's way by introducing a social repulsive force and (iii) "normal" avoidance by using a cognitive approach based on two heuristics. The three methods are compared for different criteria. The last aspect is the validation and verification of the model. We have performed a sensibility study and validated the model qualitatively and quantitatively. Using a numerical experimental plan, we identified the input parameters that are the most statistically significant and estimated the effects of their interactions. Concerning qualitative validation, we showed that our model is able to reproduce several self-organization phenomena such as lane formation. Finally, our model was validated quantitatively for the case of a bottleneck. The experimental results are very close to the ones obtained from simulations. The model was also applied to pedestrian movement in the Noisy-Champs train station. The objective of the study was to estimate the train dwell time. The simulation results were similar to the observations
Bain, Nicolas. "Hydrodynamics of polarized crowds : experiments and theory". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN078/document.
Testo completoModelling crowd motion is central to situations as diverse as risk prevention in mass events and visual effects rendering in the motion picture industry. The difficulty to perform quantitative measurements in model experiments, and the lack of reference experimental system, have however strongly limited our ability to model and control pedestrian flows. The aim of this thesis is to strengthen our understanding of human crowds, following two distinct approaches.First, we designed a numerical model to study the lane formation process among bidirectional flows of motile particles. We first evidenced the existence of two distinct phases: one fully laned and one homogeneously mixed, separated by a critical phase transition, unique to active systems. We then showed with a hydrodynamic approach that the mixed phase is algebraically correlated in the direction of the flow. We elucidated the origin of these strong correlations and proved that they were a universal feature of any system of oppositely moving particles, active of passive.Second, we conducted a substantial experimental campaign to establish a model experiment of human crowds. For that purpose we performed systematic measurements on crowds composed of tens of thousands of road-race participants in start corrals, a geometrically simple setup. We established that speed information propagates through polarized crowds over system spanning scales, while orientational information is lost in a few seconds. Building on these observations, we laid out a hydrodynamic theory of polarized crowds and demonstrated its predictive power
Dufour, Oscar. "Enhanced agent-based models for pedestrian crowds : insights from empirical data at the Festival of Lights and refinements of mechanical interactions, pedestrian shapes, and decisional aspects". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10338.
Testo completoWith the surge in mass events, crowd dynamics have become an increasingly important subject of study. Understanding how groups move and evolve in space, particularly at medium and high densities, is crucial for organising such events.The first section of this PhD dissertation presents one of the first field datasets on dense crowds. This dataset includes pedestrian trajectories and meta-information collected during the 2022 Festival of Lights in Lyon as part of the Franco-German MADRAS project. It includes up to 7000 trajectories, GPS data, and contact information. In addition, some rare events have been identified, providing an in-depth description of pedestrian dynamics in complex, real-life scenarios. Subsequently, I develop a theoretical framework for modelling crowd dynamics that integrates a decision-making component, where pedestrians regularly adjust their desired speed, and a mechanical layer that confronts these decisions with the surrounding physical reality. Most existing models fail to faithfully reproduce mechanical interactions, often relying on idealised interaction forces and simplified circular shapes. Drawing inspiration from the scientific literature on grain dynamics, I integrate more realistic mechanical interactions into the Newtonian equations, using damped springs that are tangential and normal to the contact surfaces. I also use anthropometric data to represent the human contour as faithfully as possible, in two dimensions, rather than using simple discs. This allows me to create a synthetic crowd that incorporates individual heterogeneity. Regarding decision-making, pedestrians strive to choose a desired speed while adhering to various metabolic, physical, and psychological constraints, largely supported by empirical data. These constraints include:- A destination constraint which considers the goal of reaching a specific location.- Biomechanical limits related to the muscular and articular capacities of pedestrians.- A cost associated with the misalignment between the body and the desired direction of movement.- A desire to preserve one's social bubble, a zone that individuals wish to keep free of any intrusion, whether from obstacles or neighbouring pedestrians.- An intention to avoid collisions or interpenetration of comfort spaces during movement based on the estimation of time to collision.This comfort space is modelled by a scalar field of discomfort whose contours are not simply circular. The model is implemented in C++ and tested in various scenarios. After validation in simple situations involving pairs of pedestrians or a pedestrian near a wall, I successfully compare the model's predictions with experiments involving the propagation of a push through a row of people, evacuations, and weaving movements between walls and pedestrians.Finally, I investigate collective phenomena that occur not only in crowds but also in vehicular traffic, specifically stop-and-go waves resulting from the growth of dynamical instabilities. To better understand these phenomena, I simulate a car-following model that relies on maintaining a constant time gap with the following vehicle. Although the deterministic version of the model is unconditionally stable, introducing noise intriguingly leads to the emergence of stop-and-go waves. I explain this observation using an analogy with the Kapitza pendulum, which develops a new stationary state under strong vibrations. Specifically, discontinuities in a suitably defined order parameter appear when noise or density exceeds a finite threshold, echoing a liquid-gas transition. This noise may stem from inaccuracies in drivers' and pedestrians' observations, difficulties in brain information processing, or unaccounted interactions. My research on crowd dynamics highlights the importance of integrating decision-making processes with mechanical interactions to deepen our understanding of complex collective behaviours, notably in crowded environments
Jebrane, Aissam. "Modélisation du mouvement d'une foule via la théorie de la dynamique non régulière des solides". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1062.
Testo completoThis work concerns the modeling of pedestrian movement inspired by the non-smooth dynamics approach for the rigid and deformable solids. Firstly, a reformulation of the non-smooth approaches of M.Frémond and J.J.Moreau for rigid body dynamics is developed. The proposed theory relies on the notion of percussion which is the integral of the contact force during the duration of the collision. Contrary to classical discrete element models, it is here assumed that percussions can be only expressed as a function of the velocity before the impact. This assumption is checked for the usual mechanical constitutive laws for collisions. Motion equations are then reformulated taking into account simultaneous collisions of solids. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the proposed model are discussed according to the regularity of both the forces (Lebesgue-density occurring during the regular evolution of the system) and the percussions (Dirac-density describing the collision). A condition on the internal percussion assuring that the collision is thermodynamically admissible is established. An application to the collision of rigid disks and the flow in a funnel-shaped hourglass is presented. The approach is extended to crowd motion, indeed; the circulation of pedestrians through the bottlenecks is studied and deals with to optimize evacuation and improve the design of pedestrian facilities. A sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effect of the parameters of a 2D discrete crowd movement model on the nature of pedestrian’s collision and on evacuation times. The question of estimation of contact forces and the pressure generated in a moving crowd is approached both from a discrete and continues point of view. A comparison between the second-order microscopic model (2D discrete model) and the continues approaches is presented. Contact forces are rigorously defined taking into account multiple, simultaneous contact and the non-overlapping condition between pedestrians. We show that for a dense crowd the percussions (moment umjump corresponding to instantaneous contact) become contact forces. For continuous approach, the pressure is calculated according to volume and surface constraints. This approach makes it possible to retain an admissible right-velocity (after impact), including both the non local interactions (at a distance interactions) between non neighbor pedestrians and the choice of displacement strategy of each pedestrian. Finally, two applications are presented : a one-dimensional simulation of an aligned pedestrian chain crashing into an obstacle, and a two-dimensional simulation corresponding to the evacuation of a room. In order to make the approach more efficient, we modeled each pedestrian with a deformable solid, the unidimensional case is studied a comparison with the discreet case is presented that corresponding to a crash of a pedestrian chain in a fixed obstacle is treated. The analytical solution of contact equations is developed for both approaches. This allows to calibrate the model parameters and offers an asymptotic study of the solutions. The non-smooth theory of deformable solids makes it possible to calculate the current velocity of the crowd as a continuous medium taking into account the interactions with the environment and their desired velocity. a macroscopic representation is developed through Hyperbolic – Elliptic Equations. indded;the crowd is described by its density whose evolution is given by a non local balance law. the current velocity involved in the equation is given by the collision equation of a deformable solid with a rigid plane. Firstly, we prove the well posedness of balance laws with a non smooth ux and function source in bounded domains, the existence of a weak entropic solution, it’s uniqueness and stability with respect to the initial datum and of the boundary datum. an application to crowdmodeling is presented
Abdo, Diala. "Modélisation dynamique et supervision des fours de réchauffage continus de la sidérurgie". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002236.
Testo completoAbdo, Diala. "Modélisation dynamique et supervision des fours de réchauffage continus de la siderurgie". Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1408.
Testo completoThe work consists of dynamic modeling of continuous steel reheating furnaces and of the development of an on-line control logic. The first part presents the elaboration of a global dynamic model of a reheating furnace where only the energy equation and the continuity equation are applied through the use and the improvement of Thermette a software developed by the Centre for Energy and Processes (CEP). The model is valid for all types of furnaces thanks to the interface of SAFIR-4D a computational tool developed for Stein-Heurtey. Using this interface, the description of any furnace generates automatically the dynamic model after calculation of the radiative transfer factors of the said furnace. Transfer factors are calculated by the « Check » method, which allows fast calculation of radiative transfer factors developed in this thesis, coupled to MODRAY a software of the CEP. The numerical validation of the « Check » method allows to demonstrate its precision and its advantages in terms of significant savings of calculation time. The experimental validation, based on one instrumented slab circulating in a furnace, shows the consistency of the global dynamic model coupled to the radiative transfer factors obtained by the « Check » method. The calculated temperatures, mass flow rates of products and the thermal balance are in good agreement with measurements. The second part of the work covers the on-line supervision of a reheating furnace. The dynamic model developed in the first part is used as an analog of a real furnace and so provides data for the on-line operation of the furnace. The control development combines prevision and optimization algorithms. The fast and on-online prevision of the slab temperatures allows to obtain data necessary to the optimization, which function is to update the data sets of the furnace in order to verify the technical-economical criterion of production. The control is then validated by comparison between the results of tests and those obtained by a classical control with constant data sets. Results in terms of energy consumption and temperature criteria on various slabs are satisfactory
Girard, Lyne. "Modèle dynamique en deux dimensions du four Riedhammer /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1988. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Testo completoHeinz, Christine. "Dynamique des végétations holocènes en Méditerranée nord-occidentale d'après l'anthracoanalyse de sites préhistoriques : méthodologie et paléoécologie /". Montpellier : Laboratoire de paléobotanique, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36653237w.
Testo completoDescoins, Nicolas. "Outils de simulation des fours tournants dédiés à la pyrolyse de déchets : modélisation dynamique du couplage transport de la charge-transferts de chaleur-réactions chimiques". Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT048H.
Testo completoMatamoros, Marin Fatima. "Modélisation et optimisation des fours de cémentation gazeuse basse pression". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0288.
Testo completoThis PhD work deals with the development of an optimization methodology for low-pressure gas carburizing furnaces. The objective is to determine the optimal operating conditions allowing operators exposed to the toxic by-products generated (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot in this case) to work in safer conditions. A first-principles model of the process based on mass balance equations as well as equations derived from a detailed kinetic mechanism of gas-phase acetylene pyrolysis is first developed. The kinetic model is then reduced in order to reduce the size of the differential system; then completed by a model of soot formation, a pyrolytic carbon formation reaction and heterogeneous phenomena occurring on the surface of the steel parts to be cemented which are described by means of Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson model. Experiments conducted on a laboratory scale tubular reactor and a jet stirred reactor are carried out without steel parts. The results are then compared to the results of simulations of acetylene pyrolysis, soot and pyrolytic carbon formation in a plug flow reactor and in a perfectly stirred tank reactor. The results show the importance of the role played by the formation of pyrolytic carbon and soot on the formation of PAH. Experiments on an industrial low-pressure gas-carburizing furnace are conducted as well; they consist in the carburization of steel parts using an industrial "recipe", i.e. predetermined operating conditions obtained by trial-and-error basis in order to meet the desired carburizing depth. The experimental results are used to estimate the parameters of the heterogeneous surface reaction by assuming a complete model of low-pressure gas carburizing in a perfectly stirred tank reactor. The model is then used in the formulation of the dynamic constrained optimization problem which aims to minimize the production of toxic compounds while ensuring the industrial quality of the carburized steel parts. Optimal operating conditions allowing to obtain steel parts of the same quality as those obtained with the industrial recipe are then determined by solving the optimization problem and experiments using the new operating conditions are conducted in the industrial furnace. The results corroborate that the optimized recipe leads to steel parts of the same quality as the industrial recipe, while reducing the process toxicity
MASSON, ERIC. "ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DES CHAMPS DYNAMIQUES ET SCALAIRES DE LA COMBUSTION SANS FLAMME". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011087.
Testo completoLes résultats montrent que la flamme peut être divisée en deux zones. Alors que la réaction principale se situe où le jet d'air et de gaz naturel se rejoignent, une première zone réactive est aussi observée dans la zone de recirculation interne, assurant la stabilisation de la flamme. La recirculation des produits de combustion est mise en évidence et quantifiée à partir des résultats des mesures dans la flamme. Entraînées par l'écoulement principal, ces recirculations induisent une importante dilution dans les zones réactives, où la concentration en CO et la température restent à de faibles niveaux. Les oxydes d'azote sont principalement produits par voie thermique, mais restent très faibles. Par ailleurs, un mécanisme de réduction dans la flamme des oxyde d'azote présents dans les recirculations peut être observé. L'étude paramétrique montre que si la puissance n'a pas d'influence sur le régime de combustion, la combustion sans flamme est possible avec de l'air non préchauffé. Par ailleurs, une augmentation du taux d'aération réduit la dilution de la zone réactive par les inertes. Pour de fortes augmentations du taux d'aération, on peut observer l'apparition d'une troisième zone de réaction à l'extérieur des jets de gaz naturel ; on quitte alors le régime de combustion sans flamme
Morin, Denis. "Les systèmes d'exploitation du minerai de fer sédimentaire en Franche-Comté (XVIé-XIXé siècles) : Archéologie, Typologie et Dynamique des systèmes". Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1022.
Testo completoHeinz, Christine. "Dynamique des végétations holocènes en Méditerranée nord occidentale d'après l'anthracoanalyse de sites préhistoriques : méthodologie et paléoécologie". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20217.
Testo completoHartz, Cécile. "Le Vieil-Évreux et les « grands sanctuaires » dans les cités des Trois Gaules : réflexions sur la dynamique de l'habitat". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010646.
Testo completoThe Vieil-Évreux site (Eure) shows an exceptional organisation : public buildings, which are grouped in the centre of the site, are surrounded by empty spaces covering a large area (190 ha), which are encircled by the settlement. Bacause of these specific features, the site can be compared to others complexes of the Tres Galliae – referred to by the expression “great sanctuary” – characterised by an association of momunements (at least a temple, a thearter and baths) ; these sites have been considered cut off from any dwellings for a long time. However, the recent discovery of residential quarters around the monuments calls into question the nature and the functions of these sites within the civitas. Based on the study of Vieil-Évreux and others “great sanctuaries”, this work aimed to characterise this settlement : it is distinguished by a notable expansion ; by the existence of numerous buildings showing forms and functions, interpreted as modest or rich dwellings ; by the existence of an important craft industry. This settlement appears after the Roman Conquest and expands from the end of the 1st to the 4th century. These results allow the interpretation of these sites as urban areas. These sites are located at a strategic place within the territory : this location explains, beyond the existence of a major civic sanctuary, the development of dwellings with several forms and functions. The importance of the temple within the civitas also explains the euergetic expenses shown by these sites, which are demonstrated, from the 2nd century, by the creation of monumental complexes around which the settlement extends, which give their original organisation to the sites
Resch, Aline. "L'espace autour de Grand : dynamiques territoriales dans l'ouest de la cité des Leuques". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H089.
Testo completoFor many years, Grand has been a research subject to define this peculiar Gallo-roman city. Focusing on its urban part, researchers did not look into its environment and its place within the city of Leuci: we still picture a sanctuary in the middle of a lost forest clearing. The interest of this work is to review all the data, to link them and to gather new ones while putting the study in a larger geographic and diachronic scale.Comparison with other Leuci cities shows that Grand was distinctive and did not look like any others. However, the re-reading of the literature also reveals that this city was not isolated; it was easily accessible by paths and surrounded by rural sites and artisanal workshops that it could have as trading partners
Cissé, Fabien. "Hétérogénéités des fluides piétonniers : une matière active individuelle et collective". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066031/document.
Testo completoComplex bodies, as crowds of pedestrian can present Strong Velocity and Density fluctuations. The persons shaping theses bodies are their own Drive motors. They follow local microscopic motion rules which, under certains Density conditions, can play a major role on the whole dynamics at the macroscopic scale. Unlike the purely collective animals, as those composing schools of fish, flocks of birds or herds of wildebeest, the pedestrians share at the same time collective and individual intentions. From this particular nature appear singular self-organisation behaviors, depending on the cognitive aspect of the pedestrian interactions, the geometry of the space, the plurality of targets, as well as the density and the velocity. The goal of this thesis has been to reproduce via numerical simulation tools the principal observed phenomena using physical and behavioral hypothesis. For that, we have adopted a continuous microscopic approach. The dynamics for each pedestrian is done locally trough a Newton-like equation which takes in account their anticipation ability via the search of the different collision time and the use of an estimation function of the possible deviation angles. Then, we have compared the behaviour differences between our model and those that inspired it in differents Spatial geometries. We have also studied generic situations as the evacuation trough a door with different sets of parameters : the size of the door, the velocity and the injection of a noise in the equation of forces. Finally, we have reproduced the oscillation phenomena of passings of two groups around a door by introducing some priority rules
Le, Bot Tangi. "Influence d'une source prévisible de nourriture anthropogénique sur l'écologie spatiale, la dynamique populationnelle et la conservation d'un prédateur marin". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG075/document.
Testo completoSeabirds are flagship species, boundary objects linking air and water, oceans and continents, Northern and Southern countries, binding a great variety of socio-ecosystems across the planet. Due to their ubiquity, they are exposed to numerous global threats. Among them, interactions with fisheries might be the main risk for seabirds at sea. The conservation status of seabirds is thereby affected, and priority actions due to reduce these impacts have to be established. Indeed, seabirds catch the attention of all stakeholders and of the general public, who are sensitive to the fate of their populations. Implementing tools and strategies allowing seabird conservation is therefore an urgent societal request. The Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) is emblematic of seabird conservation in metropolitan France, with a single breeding colony under strict protection within the Réserve Naturelle Nationale de l’archipel des Sept-Îles. Despite all conservation efforts, colony size and breeding success have been declining in recent years. A decadal biotelemetry study allowed us to test hypotheses linked to this decline. Notably, we showed that, during the breeding season, gannets shifted from feeding on natural prey, to taking fisheries waste. The consumption of these anthropogenic subsides affects foraging effort, adult body condition and reproductive output. Further, we showed that, during the inter-breeding period, gannets were exposed to enhanced bycatch risk and competition with fisheries for small pelagic fish. This had a strong impact on adult inter-annual return rates to the colony, potentially explaining the recent decline of the Sept-Îles gannetry. Overall, we conclude that an integrated conservation plan for Northern gannets, as well as for the marine megafauna in general, is only possible through ecosystem-based fisheries management. Specifically, the joint use of fish stocks by marine predators and fisheries should be taken into account by management schemes, at-sea dumping of fishery wastes should be reduced, and marine protected areas including true no-take zones should be designed, also by taking into account the spatial ecology of the marine megafauna such as seabirds
Hachem, Elie. "Stabilized finite element method for heat transfer and turbulent flows inside industrial furnaces". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.paristech.org/5656/01/EH-These.pdf.
Testo completoThe development of efficient methods to understand and simulate conjugate heat transfer for multi-components systems appears in numerous engineering applications and still a need for industrials, especially in the case of the heat treatment of high-alloy steel by a continuously heating process inside industrial furnaces. The thermal history of the load and the temperature distribution in the furnace are critical for the final microstructure and the mechanical properties of the treated workpieces and can directly determined their final quality in terms of hardness, toughness and resistance. The main objectives of this thesis is then to understand and better model the heat treatment process at the same time in the furnace chamber and within the workpieces under specified furnace geometry, thermal schedule, parts loading design, initial operation conditions, and performance requirements. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation provides a useful tool to predict the temperature evolution and such processes. In the first part of this work, various stabilized finite element methods required for computing the conjugate heat transfer and the incompressible flows are proposed and analyzed. Two turbulence models, the k-epsilon and the Large Eddy Simulations (LES) models were introduced and used to simulate and take into account the complex turbulent flows inside the furnace chamber. The effect of thermal radiation was appropriately accounted for by means of a volumetric model known as the P1-model. In the latter part of this work, a multidomain approach referred as the immersed volume method (IVM) is introduced and applied to treat the fluid-solid interactions. It is based on the use of an adaptive anisotropic local grid refinement by means of the level-set function to well capture the sharp discontinuities of the fluid-solid interface. The proposed method showed that it is well suited to treat simultaneously the three modes, convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer that may interfere in both the fluid part and the solid part using anisotropic finite element meshes
Panelli, Chiara. "La grotte des Arene Candide : Productions céramiques et dynamiques du peuplement en Ligurie occidentale au cours du VI millénaire AEC". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2007.
Testo completoThe early Neolithic of the western Mediterranean is represented by a polymorphic set of cultural expressions, traditionally defined by the presence of impressed wares, that developed during the sixth millennium BCE. By tracing the morphological and decorative variability of these ceramic productions, it was possible to outline a model of arrhythmic progression of the Neolithic package diffusion, from east to west, characterized by a continuous renewal of its techno-cultural components. Within this context, from the beginning of the sixth millennium BCE, Liguria is a particularly representative space of the social and cultural transformations that took place in the western Mediterranean and represents a privileged area for the untangling of the mechanisms of Neolithic diffusion in this area. This research focused on the technological analysis of ceramic production in order to decode the techno-economic systems of the Neolithic groups, through an integrated study, which was structured in two progressive and complementary levels, from infra-site to a regional scale.Recent excavations at the Arene Candide cave (1997-2012) documented in detail a clear stratigraphic sequence related to the early Neolithic phases, providing new and consistent proxy data. The technological analysis of the ceramic assemblage resulting from these researches allowed for the reconstruction of the pottery production system in relation to the stratigraphic and chronological articulation, highlighting an evolution of technical and stylistic behaviours during the sixth millennium BCE. This led to the elaboration of a diachronic model, articulated in different chrono-cultural horizons, each characterized by specific techno-stylistic markers. The systematic revision of the pottery from the contemporary sites of the region, mainly distributed between the Finalese region and Val Pennavaira, and often neglected due to their absent or unreliable contextual documentation, was also implemented. This revision allowed for the clarification of the chronological and cultural attribution of these ceramic sets, providing new elements for a diachronic reconstruction of settlement dynamics, as well as of the organization and management of the territory during the sixth millennium BCE, and finally revealed cultural interactions with the western Mediterranean basin.In general, the results obtained by this study increase, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the data relating to the early Neolithic stages of the region, unlocking the informative potential of a holistic approach to the analysis of the ceramic document, even when applied to remarkably fragmentary materials. These new results contribute to the ongoing debate on the complex phenomenon of the neolithization of the western Mediterranean
Laborde, Maxime. "Systèmes de particules en interaction, approche par flot de gradient dans l'espace de Wasserstein". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED014/document.
Testo completoSince 1998 and the seminal work of Jordan, Kinderlehrer and Otto, it is well known that a large class of parabolic equations can be seen as gradient flows in the Wasserstein space. This thesis is devoted to extensions of this theory to equations and systems which do not have exactly a gradient flow structure. We study different kind of couplings. First, we treat the case of nonlocal interactions in the drift. Then, we study cross diffusion systems which model congestion for several species. We are also interested in reaction-diffusion systems as diffusive prey-predator systems or tumor growth models. Finally, we introduce a new class of systems where the interaction is given by a multi-marginal transport problem. In many cases, we give numerical simulations to illustrate our theorical results
Bongo, Njeng Alex Stéphane. "Experimental study and modeling of hydrodynamic and heating characteristics of flighted rotary kilns". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0009/document.
Testo completoThe present work addresses a fundamental study on flighted rotary kilns. They are gas-solid reactors, used in a variety of industries to process heterogeneous media. However, operating these kilns mainly relies on the know-how of operators due to insufficient fundamental understanding. The aim of this work is to provide engineers with relevant tools and models to assist in the design stage and the performance improvement of existing operating process units, in particular indirectly heated rotary kilns, inclined and equipped with lifters. In the first part, we studied the effects of operating parameters on the flow of materials of differing properties and shape. For this purpose, residence time distribution measurements were performed through experimental stimulus response tests. Two pilot-scale rotary kilns with similar length-to-diameter ratios, but a dimension ratio of about two were used in this study. We focused on the effects of lifter shape and configurations. The effects of the rotational speed, the kiln slope, the mass flow rate and the exit dam height were also analyzed. The flow of solids was quantitatively characterized primarily by the experimental mean residence time, hold-up, and axial dispersion coefficient. Using a dimensional analysis, models were established to predict the mean residence time, the filling degree and the axial dispersion coefficient, providing basic information on the kiln design, solid particle properties and operating conditions. In the second part, we studied the heat transfer mechanisms occurring in the flighted rotary kiln by measuring temperature profiles at the wall, the freeboard gas and the bulk of solids. Analysis of the temperature profiles focused on two main issues: assessment of the heat transfer coefficient between wall and gas, and assessment of the heat transfer coefficient between wall and solid particles. The lumped system analysis and a heat balance using the power supplied for the heating were applied to determine the experimental heat transfer coefficients. The effects of operating conditions and lifting flights were analyzed. Both heat transfer coefficients were then correlated through dimensional considerations. Lastly a global dynamic model mainly based on the models developed in this study can be used to determine wall, gas and bulk solids axial temperature profiles in an indirectly heated flighted rotary kiln. This global model needs to be completed with specific models related to a reaction so as to be used as a framework for the simulation of specific industrial rotary kilns
N'zi, Yoboué Guillaume. "Élaboration d'une plate-forme de calculs numériques d'un modèle d'état à la base d'une approche phénoménologique : cas d'un four rotatif de clinker". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30553/30553.pdf.
Testo completoThis study develops a mathematical platform going from the establishment of a knowledge database to the setting up of an adaptive model. This has required a new approach of modeling of the clinker rotary kiln (CRK). Thus, a state model of distributed parameter systems, based on physico-chemical phenomena, was designed using partial differential equations. The model structure is based on three state variables which are: the gas, clinker temperatures and the clinker mass distributions, and are elaborated with the help of heat, pressure and mass balance equations. The model parameters are defined by the functions of three state variables. Moreover, the resulting state model, decomposed into five phenomenological zones of CRK, is used as a first step to define a set of Operating Functions (OFs). These OFs has also been decomposed into longitudinal distribution of CRK to replace the constant, unknown or unmeasured parameters. We develop an identification procedure based on phenomenological and dimensional analysis where the identification of operational functions (model parameters) was performed from a stationary state of the CRK. Once the restores state variables have been evaluated, the desired input (which is treated as the control of the CRK) can be more easily found by the proposed model than by simple trial and error. Moreover, the fact that the computation time, to estimate-calibrate the OFs above-mentioned, is very short, then this dynamic computation works faster than real-time. In summary, the cooperation and coordination in real-time between industrial computers and the CRK allows for an adaptable model, where each specific set of the OFs must be analyzed by its accuracy.
Stattner, Erick. "Contributions à l'étude des réseaux sociaux : propagation, fouille, collecte de données". Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830882.
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