Tesi sul tema "Ductile fracture simulations"
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Xenos, Sokratis. "Porous materials : constitutive modeling and computational issues". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX040.
Testo completoThis work is concerned with the development, calibration, and numerical implementation of a novel fully explicit isotropic, rate-independent, elasto-plastic model for porous metallic materials. The microstructure is assumed to consist of a random, with uniform probability, distribution of randomly oriented spheroidal voids of the same shape. The proposed model is based on earlier homogenization estimates that use a Linear Comparison Composite (LCC) theory. The resulting expressions exhibit the simplicity of the well known Gurson model and, thus, its numerical implementation in a finite element code is straightforward. To assess the accuracy of the analytical model, we carry out detailed finite-strain, three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations ofrepresentative volume elements (RVEs) with the corresponding microstructures. Properparameter calibration of the model leads to fairly accurate agreement of the analytical predictions with the corresponding FE average stresses and porosity evolution. We show, both analytically and numerically, that the initial aspect ratio of the voids has a significant effect on the homogenized effective response of the porous material leading to extremely soft responses for flat oblate voids (e.g., aspect ratio less than 0.5) especially at high stress triaxialities.Next, we examine the computational issues related to the numerical implementation of rate-independent constitutive models that lead to softening behavior. It is shown analytically that elastic-plastic models based on ``local'' continuum formulations that do not incorporate a characteristic length scale may lead to loss of ellipticity of the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) and mesh-dependent numerical solutions. To remedy the associated numerical problems, we propose an implicit non-local version of the porous model developed in this work which is based on the introductionof a non-local porosity variable determined from the solution of an additional PDE. We show both analytically and numerically that the regularized version of the model allows for preservation of the elliptic properties of the governing equations yielding mesh-independent, converged solutions in the post-bifurcation regime. The bifurcation point (i.e., strain-to-localization) is found to be highly dependent on the micro-void's shape, with very flat voids (e.g., aspect ratio less than 0.3) leading to lower localization strains. The material length introduced by the non-local formulation is found tohave minimal effect on the predicted bifurcation point, only affecting the post-bifurcation gradient of the macroscopic stress-strain curve and the size of the highly strained zone in the structure.In the last part of this study, both the local and the non-local versions of the model are efficiently implemented in a commercial finite element code (ABAQUS). The models are used for the numerical solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) related to forming and ductile fracture processes under both quasi-static and dynamic conditions. In particular, the industrially relevant problems of Hole expansion (HET) and Charpy impact (CVN) test, the cup-and-cone fracture phenomenon as well as ductile fracture of a specimen with complex geometry and comparison with corresponding experimentalresults are analyzed in detail. Numerical predictions in all cases indicate that ductility is an increasing function of the void shape parameter and materials comprising flat oblate voids of low aspect ratio exhibit early macroscopic crack initiation and propagation compared to materials with spherical/almost spherical voids. Finally, the model's capability to reproduce experimental results with sufficient accuracy suggests that it can be utilized to provide predictions with only a small amount of parameters that may be calibrated from either micromechanics calculations or experimental data
Davaze, Valentin. "Modélisation numérique de l'amorçage et la propagation des fissures dans les tôles métalliques ductiles pour les simulations de crash". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM060.
Testo completoIn the event of a car crash, parts made of metal sheets are subjected to failure. Failure of ductile materials is currentlynot reliably predicted in an industrial context, involving additional costs and delays in the design process. This issue isthen addressed in this Ph.D thesis work of the PSA Group carried out in collaboration with Onera and the Centre des Matériaux. The aim of this work is to develop and implement a reliable numerical strategy for crack prediction using the Finite Element Method (FE) in automotive crash simulations. A first part of this work consists in characterizing and then modelling the plastic and fracture behavior of a representative ductile material: the DP450 steel sheets. To do so, tests are performed over a wide range of loading rates, stress triaxialities, and at different temperatures. From the obtained results,a numerical constitutive model is built by taking into account the different observed phenomena influencing crack initiationand propagation: plasticity, strain-rate effects and damage. The constitutive model thus enables to take into account mostof the observed phenomena. However, the use of softening models for modelling damage and thermal effects at highloading rate leads to a pathological dependence of the results on the mesh size and the mesh orientation. This problem issolved by the implementation of a non-local regularization method adapted to dynamic explicit computations. A non-localvariable is then computed through the enrichment of finite elements (continuum and shell). It is therefore treated as a new degree of freedom, which facilitates the exchange of data between the elements while preserving the parallelizationof the code. This variable is then introduced into the constitutive equations, allowing to obtain mesh independent results.The validation of the proposed approach is finally realized through the simulation of experimental results
Ren, Sicong. "Mesures de champs et simulations par élément finis de l'interaction entre vieillissement dynamique et endommagement dans les alliages métalliques". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM001/document.
Testo completoRecently, in-situ observations by X-ray laminography (at synchrotron) show that the multiple localization bands are the precursors of damage and possibly the slant fracture. These bands can be related to the strain ageing effect (L"uders or Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC)) whose influence on the fracture is still poorly understood. These effects are observed in many industrial alloys such as 2000 or 5000 series aluminium alloys, or, for example, in the C-Mn steels for which a ductility drop is observed in the temperature range where these effects are most pronounced.The aim of the thesis is to characterize the PLC effect and to evaluate its influence on the development of ductile damage and therefore on the final fracture. Firstly, the influence of strain ageing on strain hardening was introduced in a model based on the dislocation density using results from the literature. Secondly, several 2000 series aluminium alloys and a C-Mn steel were investigated by mechanical tests combined with Digital Image Correlation. The premature triggering of localization bands was observed in tensile tests involving relaxation, unloading and strain rate jump for certain aluminium alloys. The bands around the notch in the specimens of C-Mn steel were observed at high temperature. Two different modes of fracture were observed at the two temperatures. These results are compared with those produced with the KEMC model. Thirdly, a constitutive model combining the strain ageing (type KEMC) and damage (type Rousselier) was developed in order to explain the experimentally observed interactions between these two phenomena
Mbarek, Imen Asma. "Étude dynamique pour définition d'aciers de blindage innovants contre les explosions". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0189.
Testo completoThe main aim of this PhD thesis is to develop a comprehensive study of the dynamic behavior of three armor steels subjected to ballistic impact. In order to have better understanding of the phenomena which take place during the thin targets perforation process, characterization experiments allowing to describe of the thermo-viscoplastic behavior and fracture were carried out. The identification of the constitutive relations and the failure criteria parameters allow to establish a numerical model simulating the perforation test. The ballistic response of armor steels subjected to the impact of conical projectiles was then assessed using perforation testing. This experimental investigation aims at endorsing the implementation of the behavior and fracture models in the calculation software. An experimental set-up for perforation forces measurements was specially developed during the thesis. It has been found that this dynamic force measurement is not intrinsic to the target material. It is rather dependent on the structural response of the used set-up support-target during impact and perforation. The numerical results from the Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) were compared to the experimental data and good agreement was found in terms of ballistic curves, failure patterns, impact forces and energy balance. Numerical investigations show that only an accurate description of the mechanical behavior and the fracture allows a good prediction of the ballistic performances of armor steels. Close attention was paid to the influence of local stress triaxiality induced by the projectile nose shape, strain rate and temperature on the strain to fracture threshold. In the future, these investigations can be used in the behavior analysis of armor steels subjected to blast loading
Bude, Jérémie. "Ductile fracture simulation using the strong discontinuity method". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2243/document.
Testo completoIn the context of loadings criticality analysis, the thesis work have the following objectives : to take into account the underlying phenomena to ductile fracture : the volumetrie (plasticity and damage) and surfacic (fracture) dissipativ mechanisms. We also aim at regularizing the solution with regards to meshing, predicting the transition from a straigh crack propagation to a slant fracture mode observed for certain tests. The chosen method relies on the stron discontinuity method. One of the major challenges of this work is to extend its framework to the ductile fractur modeling framework, by accounting for plasticity and damage in the bulk. The first part of this work is dedicated to th establ'ishment of a model in small strain hypothesis, with a material model that takes into account coupied plasticity an damage in the QUik and a damageable model for the cohesive surfacic behavior. Both modes 1 and Il have been taken int) account in thnumerical examples. Results attesting the regularizing capabilities of the method are presented fo different tests. The second part of this work is dedicated to the formulation of a finite strain mode!, and results showin the good regularizing capabilities of the method are also shown. Both elements have been implemented in FEAP (Finit Element Analysis Program), an academie software developed at UC Berkeley by Taylor, and more recently in the finit element software Abaqus
Emerson, Tonya Lynn. "Ductile fracture mechanics : modeling, experiments, and computational simulation /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Testo completoWang, Li. "Ductile fracture simulation of structural steel using the local approach method". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271053.
Testo completoMyers, Andrew T. "Testing and probabilistic simulation of ductile fracture initiation in structural steel components and weldments /". May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Testo completoHůlka, Jiří. "Aplikace modelů tvárného porušování při výpočtové simulaci technologických operací". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227954.
Testo completoHütter, Geralf. "Multi-scale simulation of crack propagation in the ductile-brittle transition region". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-121281.
Testo completoIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Rissausbreitung im spröd-duktilen Übergangsbereich auf zwei Skalen mittels deterministischer Modelle untersucht. Das duktile Versagen wird im makroskopischen Modell durch ein nichtlokales Gurson-Modell beschrieben, während im mikroskopischen Modell die Porenmikrostruktur im Bereich um die Rissspitze diskret aufgelöst wird. Das mögliche Versagen durch Spaltbruch wird nicht, wie üblich, nachträglich durch ein spannungsbasiertes Kriterium bewertet. Stattdessen wird der Spaltbruch auf beiden Skalen durch ein Kohäsivzonenmodell abgebildet. Somit wird die Spaltbruchinitiierung nicht a priori mit instabiler Rissausbreitung gleichgesetzt. Vielmehr ist die Stabilität der Rissausbreitung ein Ergebnis der Simulationen. Außerdem wird das Problem der der Handhabung vollständig ausgefallenen Materials im Rahmen nichtlokaler Schädigungsmodelle herausgestellt. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, dieses Problem zu behandeln und erfolgreich angewendet. In den Simulationen wird der Fall vollständig eingebetteten, plastischen Fließens untersucht. Die Simulationen mit dem makroskopischen Modell geben viele Effekte wieder, die aus Experimenten bekannt sind. Dazu zählen die Ausbildung von Stretchzonen, die Spaltbruchinitiierung nach anfänglichem, duktilem Reißen oder lokale Instabilitäten mit Rissarrest. Die mikroskopischen Simulationen tragen zum Verständnis des makroskopisch beobachteten Verhaltens bei. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden systematische Parameterstudien durchgeführt. Zunächst werden Grenzfälle wie das rein duktile Versagens oder der Spaltbruch in Abwesenheit der Mikroporen untersucht, um die Einflüsse der einzelnen Materialparameter abzugrenzen. Ausgehend von diesen Ergebnissen wird eine Prozedur vorgeschlagen, die Materialparameter des makroskopischen Modells Schritt für Schritt aus Experimenten zu bestimmen. Diese Prozedur wird erfolgreich auf experimentelle Daten aus der Literatur angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es das entwickelte Modell erlaubt, das Verhalten einer Bruchmechanikprobe mit geringer Dehnungsbehinderung an der Rissspitze mit denjenigen Materialparametern vorherzusagen, die an Proben mit einer hohen Dehnungsbehinderung ermittelt wurden
Eriksson, Viktor. "Numerical Simulation of Ductile Cast Iron Fracture : A parameterization of the material model *MAT_224 in the FE-code LS-DYNA". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37576.
Testo completoVid krockförlopp kan brott i segjärnskomponenter ha en stor inverkan på strukturens globala beteende och även på förarens överlevnads chanser. I denna uppsats har materialmodellen *MAT_224 parametriseras för en ferritisk-perlitisk klass, SS-0727-02, av segjärn. Målet är att på ett bättre sätt kunna beskriva deformation och brott i segjärnskomponenter vid krocksimuleringar utförda med FE-koden LS-DYNA. Detta genomförs med mekanisk provning och simuleringar där hårdnandet och ett brottkriterium har kvantifierats. Brottkriteriet har definierats av en brottyta bestående av plastisk töjning, spänningstriaxialitet och lode parametern. Drag och vridprov har genomförts för att fastställa materialets parametrar. Flera olika typer av provstavar har blivit designade och testade. Målen vid konstruktionen av provstavarna är att ha en stor spridning i spänningstillstånd vid brott. För att utvärdera den parametriserade materialmodellen har tre olika typer av validerade prov, bestående av böjning och ett komponentprov genomförs. Den parametriserade materialmodellen har på ett tillfredsställande sätt kunnat förutsäga brottkraften för flera olika spänningstillstånd. Dock är den slutgiltiga brottförlängningen inte förutsagt helt tillfredsställande, detta troligen på grund av tekniska svårigheter. Komplementerande provning rekommenderas för att validera modellen ytterligare.
Yang, Fangtao. "Simulation of continuous damage and fracture in metal-forming processes with 3D mesh adaptive methodology". Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2385/document.
Testo completoThis work is part of the research carried out in the framework of a collaboration between the Roberval laboratory of the Compiègne University of Technology and the team within the framework of the project ANR-14-CE07-0035 LASMIS of the Charles Delaunay Institute of Technology University of Troyes. In this work, we present a three-dimensional adaptive Pi-methodology of finite elements to represent the initiation and propagation of cracks in ductile materials. An elastoplastic model coupled with the isotropic damage proposed by the LASMIS / UTT team is used. The targeted applications will mainly concern the metal forming. In this context, an updated Lagrangian formulation is used and frequent remeshing is essential in order to avoid the strong distortion of elements due to large plastic deformations and to follow the modifications of the topology resulting in the creation of cracks. The size of the new mesh must allow at a lower cost to accurately represent the evolution of the gradients of the physical quantities representative of the studied phenomena (plasticity, damage ...). We propose empirical indicators of size of elements based on the plastic deformation as well as on the damage. A piecewise defined curve represents the evolution of the element size according to the severity of the plasticity and, if appropriate, the damage. The cracks are represented by a method of destruction of elements which allows an easy description of the geometry and a simplified treatment of the cracking without any need for additional criteria. On the other hand, to allow a realistic description of the cracks, the latter must be represented by erosion smaller elements. An ABAQUS / Explicit@ solver is used with quadratic tetrahedral elements (C3DIOM), avoiding in particular the problems of numerical locking occurring during the analysis of structures in compressible or quasi-incompressible material. The control of the smaller mesh size is important in an explicit context. In addition, for softening phenomena, the solution depends on the mesh size considered as an intrinsic parameter. A study has shown that when the mesh is sufficiently refined, the effects of mesh dependence are reduced. In the literature, the costs of frequent meshing or remeshing are often considered prohibitive and many authors rely on this argument to introduce, with success, alternative methods that limit the cost of remeshing operations without eliminating them ( XFEM for example). Our work shows that the cost of local remeshing is negligible compared to the calculation. Given the complexity of the geometry and the need to refine the mesh, the only alternative to date is to use a mesh in tetrahedra. The strategy of local remeshing tetrahedron is based on a bisection method followed if necessary by a local optimization of the grid proposed by A. Rassineux in 2003. The remeshing, even local, must be accompanied by field transfer procedures on both nodal variables and integration points. Node variables are, as most authors do, transferred using finite element shape functions. The 3D field transfer at Gauss points and the many underlying problems have been relatively untouched in the literature. The main difficulties to be solved in order to ensure the "quality" of the transfer concern the limitation of numerical diffusion, the lack of information near borders, the respect of boundary conditions, the equilibrium, the calculation costs, the filtering of the information points, crucial problems in 3D where the number of Gauss points used is several hundred. We propose a so-called "hybrid" method which consists, initially, in extrapolating the data at the Gauss points, in the nodes by diffuse interpolation and then in using the finite element form functions to obtain the value at the point considered
Gachet, Jean-Marie. "Intégration de la phase de mise en forme dans le dimensionnement de flasques de sièges automobile". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00907736.
Testo completoLing, Chao. "Simulation de la rupture ductile intragranulaire des aciers irradiés. Effets de l'anisotropie cristalline et du gradient de déformations". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM018/document.
Testo completoIrradiation causes drastic modifications of mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels and a decrease in the fracture toughness with irradiation has been observed. Ductile fracture due to void growth and coalescence remains one dominant fracture mechanism for doses in the range of 0-10 dupa. Voids may have different origins : nucleated at inclusions or irradiation-induced precipitates during mechanical loading, or produced directly by irradiation. The present work is to investigate ductile fracture of irradiated steels due to growth and coalescence of intragranulaire voids. Based on continuum crystal plasticity theory, FE simulations are performed on unit cells for studying effects of lattice orientation and stress triaxiality on void growth and coalescence. The influence of post-irradiation hardening/softening on void growth ans coalescence is evaluated with a physically based crystal plasticity model. Besides, an elastoviscoplastic model at finite strains is proposed to describe void growth up to coalescence in single crystals, and is assessed based unit cell simulations. The model is then applied to simulate ductile damage in single crystals ans polycrystals. As voids in irradiated steels may have different origins, they may have different sizes, which potentially have an influence on ductile fracture process and fracture toughness of irradiated steels. In order to assess the size effect, a micromorphic crystal plasticity model is proposed and applied to simulate growth and coalescence of intragranular voids of different sizes
Kahziz, Mouhcine. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des mécanismes d'endommagement ductile et rupture des bords découpés des aciers avancés pour l'automobile". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0051/document.
Testo completoThe mechanical properties of automotive structures made of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is often seen reduced by the presence of cut edges. Here this phenomenon is investigated for ferrite-bainite steel (FB600) and martensite ferrite steel (DP600), the latter having higher work hardening and phase hardness gradient than FB600.Damage micromechanisms for these two base materials were assessed using in situ synchrotron tomography, in situ SEM and SEM on cross sections. It was revealed for the DP600 steel that damage nucleated from particles and ferrite-martensite interfaces. In addition, needle shaped voids, that are consistent with the presence of segregation lines, were seen. For the FB steel, the same observations hold true except that the decohesion on interfaces sets in at higher strains. Quantitative image analysis also showed that the initial number of voids and the number of nucleating voids was higher for DP steel than for FB steel which was also seen to be more damage tolerant.Punched and machined edges made of DP600 and FB600 steel were mechanically loaded during in situ laminography testing. It was found that the fracture zone of the punched edge was rough and that needle-shape voids at the surface and in the bulk followed material flow lines. During mechanical in situ testing the needle voids grew from the fracture zone surface and coalesced with the sheared zone. In contrast, for the machined edge the damage started away from the edge (~ 800 microns) where substantial necking has occurred. Three-dimensional image analysis was performed to quantify the initial damage and its evolution. The FB600 was more resistant to cut edges than the DP600 steel.3D elasto-plastic FE calculations were carried out to investigate mechanical fields, potentially affected by the edge profile and pre-hardening profile. These parameters were not found to substantially modify the mechanical fields. Finally, axisymmetric 2D simulations for hole expansion were carried out for different sheet thicknesses using a post-treated damage evaluation calibrated on in-situ tomography data
Do, Xuan Nam. "Localized failure in dynamics for brittle and ductile materials". Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2356.
Testo completoFailure of engineering materials and structures can be considered as a result of a complex interplay between different physical phenomena such as nucleation of cavities, microcracks,microvoids and other irreversible processes. These micro-defects eventually coalesce into one or more macro-cracks leading to a decrease in the load-bearing capability and finally, to failure of the structure under consideration. Prevention of failure of structures and structural parts has always been a critical subject and a major concern in engineering. This thesis aims to represent localized failure in non linear materials without mesh dependency. Of special interest will be the case of dynamic strain-softening. Localized phenomena are taken into account by using the embedded strong discontinuities approach in which the displacement field is enhanced to capture the discontinuity. Based upon this approach, a one-dimensional model for elasto-plastic bar capable of representing failure for ductile materials with combined hardening in FPZ-fracture process zone and softening with embedded strong discontinuities was first developed. Results comparing the proposed one-dimensional model to (semi-) analytical works are presented. It was shown that the proposed strategy provides mesh independent solutions. Strain increases in the softening domain with a simultaneous decrease of stress. The problem unloads elastically outside the strain softening region. The strain energy is found to vanish. The model was also compared with a one dimensional damage model capable of representing the dynamic fracture for elasto-damage bar with combined hardening in fracture process zone - FPZ and softening with strong embedded discontinuities to find a good agreement between two models. A two-dimensional finite element model was developed, capable of describing both the diffuse damage mechanism accompanied by initial strain hardening and subsequent softening response of the structure. The results of several numerical simulations, performed on classical mechanical tests under slowly increasing loads such as Brazilian test or three-point bending test were analyzed. The proposed dynamics framework is shown to increase computational robustness. It was found that the final direction of macro-cracks is predicted quite well and that influence of inertia effects on the obtained solutions is fairly modest especially in comparison among different meshes. This two-dimensional model was expanded further into the two dimensional continuum viscodamage-embedded discontinuity model to help briefly explore the implementation of the second order mid-point scheme that can provide improved results under limitation of viscous regularization of localized failure damage model
Novella, Michele Francesco. "Hot bulk damage modelling of precipitation hardened AA6082 aluminium alloy". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424124.
Testo completoTra i processi di formatura massivi di materiali metallici, la forgiatura a caldo è spesso l'unica opzione nei casi in cui siano richieste forti riduzioni del carico di forgiatura o se la formabilità del materiale deve essere notevolmente aumentata o anche se risulta necessario ottenere durante il processo di deformazione determinate modifiche microstrutturali indotte termicamente. Inoltre essa conserva ancora in certa misura le caratteristiche positive dei processi di forgiatura a freddo: alta produttività, possibilità di realizzare forme finali complesse e scarto di materiale ridotto o inesistente. La forgiatura a caldo viene quindi utilizzata per la produzione di pezzi di grandi dimensioni, di forma complessa e soprattutto quando si utilizzano materiali caratterizzati da bassa formabilità ed elevata tenacità o se particolari caratteristiche microstrutturali sono richieste. Vale la pena di sottolineare che queste sono spesso le caratteristiche delle leghe metalliche innovative che sono state sempre più utilizzate negli ultimi dieci anni e precisamente: leghe di magnesio, alluminio, titanio e superleghe. La simulazione numerica agli Elementi Finiti di processi di formatura di materiali metallici è diventata nell’ultimo decennio uno strumento sempre più importante per l’ottimizzazione di processo, grazie alla maggiore potenza di calcolo disponibile a costi ridotti, che ha permesso la sua diffusione nel mondo industriale. Il suo utilizzo permette di ridurre i tempi di progettazione del processo ed i costi di prototipazione ed anche lunghi e costosi tempi di fermo impianto per la taratura delle variabili di processo. Per tutti questi motivi la forgiatura a caldo è diventata un processo strategico e la sua accurata simulazione numerica incontra grande interesse industriale. Uno dei suoi obiettivi principali è la determinazione della massima deformazione che il materiale può subire durante il processo deformativo, dal momento che essa è strettamente legata sia con la forma finale che con la qualità superficiale del componente prodotto. In questo senso la modellazione della formabilità a caldo fornisce un esempio significativo di un argomento che è al tempo stesso di grande interesse scientifico e industriale. Dal punto di vista scientifico la modellazione del danneggiamento duttile dei materiali è stata originariamente sviluppata per le lavorazioni a freddo, per cui la possibile formazione di cricche è un problema di maggior rilievo. Gli sforzi di ricerca nell'ultimo decennio si sono concentrati sullo sviluppo di criteri di frattura più avanzati, che hanno permesso la caratterizzazione completa dell’influenza dello stato tensionale sulla formabilità. Tuttavia la complessa formulazione analitica di questi criteri e la loro costosa calibrazione sperimentale ne hanno di fatto impedito la diffusione in ambito industriale. D'altra parte la modellazione della formabilità a caldo è stata tradizionalmente affrontata tramite la diretta applicazione dei convenzionali criteri di frattura a freddo, sotto l'ipotesi implicita di condizioni isoterme. Questo approccio presenta evidenti limiti, in quanto non tiene conto dell'influenza della temperatura sulla formabilità del materiale, né permette di intuire il senso fisico dei diversi meccanismi di frattura che possono svilupparsi al variare della temperatura. Negli ultimi anni alcuni sforzi si sono fatti per approfondire quest’ultimo punto: campagne sperimentali di formabilità su diverse leghe metalliche sono state eseguite per valutare l'influenza della temperatura e della velocità di deformazione, mentre alcuni modelli analitici sono stati proposti per descrivere l’evoluzione del danneggiamento ad alte temperature ed in particolare l’insorgere della "fragilità a caldo". Tuttavia questi modelli sono ancora abbastanza semplici e possono descrivere solo una varietà limitata di comportamenti del materiale, perdendo in precisione nel caso avvengano fenomeni microstrutturali complessi. Inoltre la loro validazione è stata effettuata con semplici test di laboratorio e non su reali processi industriali in cui si sviluppano condizioni termo-meccaniche non uniformi e il materiale può evolvere attraverso regimi in cui i meccanismi di frattura sono variabili. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è l'elaborazione di un nuovo approccio alla modellazione della frattura duttile a caldo, in grado di rappresentare accuratamente l'evoluzione della formabilità di una lega metallica come funzione sia delle principali variabili termo-meccaniche che delle sue caratteristiche fisiche e microstrutturali, restando al contempo uno strumento sufficientemente semplice da essere di utilità industriale. Per questo scopo è stata presa come caso di riferimento industriale la rullatura trasversale a caldo di una lega di alluminio indurita per precipitazione, dal momento che si tratta di un processo di forgiatura non convenzionale ed innovativo e che comporta condizioni termo-meccaniche variabili e non omogenee. Il caso di studio è di notevole interesse poiché è caratterizzato da una stretta finestra di temperatura di processo, limitata superiormente dall’insorgenza di criccatura assiale per effetto Mannesmann ed inferiormente da un indesiderato ingrossamento della grana cristallina. Inoltre, la lega metallica utilizzata, l'AA6082-T6, ha delle caratteristiche microstrutturali, vale a dire i precipitati intermetallici, che lo rendono un buon esempio di una lega metallica di largo uso industriale, che durante la formatura può subire variazioni microstrutturali complesse. Una campagna di prove di trazione a caldo è stata eseguita su un ampio spettro di condizioni termo-meccaniche ed i risultati hanno evidenziato un’inattesa influenza negativa della velocità di deformazione sulla formabilità. Analisi frattografiche e micro-chimiche sono quindi state eseguite al fine di valutare le ragioni microstrutturali di questo comportamento ed infine due approcci alla modellazione della formabilità della lega sono stati proposti e calibrati estendendo alle alte temperature il classico criterio di frattura di Oyane-Sato. Il primo consiste nella calibrazione empirica del criterio mediante interpolazione bi-lineare dei dati sperimentali, mentre il secondo si basa su una formulazione analitica physically-based del fracture locus del materiale, che ha anche il vantaggio di essere di più facile calibrazione. I modelli sono stati poi validati sulla simulazione del processo di rullatura trasversale comparandone i risultati con quelli delle prove industriali e valutandoli in modo critico.
Nguyen, Thai Ha. "Prédiction de la non-rupture fragile dans un joint soudé en acier C-Mn dans le domaine de la transition fragile/ductile". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578811.
Testo completoBarbier, Damien. "Étude de la sensibilité aux gradients thermiques de billettes lors des opérations de réchauffage". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0040/document.
Testo completoAs part of the piercing operations, billets undergo a reheating process from room temperature to a temperature of about 1250°C. During this heating, the thermal gradient in the billet leads to a deterioration of the axial health and is responsible of the initiation ofdefects on the formed tube.A methodology for the analysis of the mechanisms at the origin of these defects has been established. It is based on first, the characterization of the axial health with hot rheological tests to establish some indicators of ductility and second, on metallurgical analyses to identify the internal defects.Then finite element simulations have been performed to study the thermo-mechanical loadings induced by heating. Critical solicitation zones of the product during the processes have been identified.Finally a characterization of the observed defects into the billets has been led coupling cracks growth tests and X-FeM numerical simulations. The implementation of the experimental stress failure criterion, in the simulation of the heating cycle allows to obtain good values of thermal gradient boundary curves and leads to optimal heating curves.The analysis shows that the conditions at the beginning of the reheating process have a strong influence on the axial health of the billets. The results of these studies lead to friendly industrial solutions for improving productivity
Liu, Jian. "Experimental study and modeling of mechanical micro-machining of particle reinforced heterogeneous materials". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5408.
Testo completoPh.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
Caisso, Camille. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la rupture dans le domaine de la transition ductile-fragile de matériaux tubulaires utilisés dans la fabrication de générateurs de gaz pour airbags". Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0014.
Testo completoThis work deals with the characterization of the ductile and brittle failure mechanisms of tubular materials used for the manufacture of airbag gas generators. During a crash, airbag cushion is inflated in a few milliseconds by a gas generator. In case of gas generator failure, a ductile failure mode must be ensured up to temperatures of -60°C. A Charpy ring test has been proposed to quantify the risk of brittle failure of gas generator materials. However, this modification of the Charpy test raises two issues: to what extent does this test allow to characterize the ductile-fragile transition and how can the risk of brittle failure of an operating gas generator be deduced from the results of the Charpy test? To answer these questions, an approach combining experiments and numerical simulations was implemented. Various experimental configurations were developed in order to characterize material behavior and ductile damage. The ductile failure is modeled with a local approach. Then, ductile to brittle transition was characterized by a Charpy ring test campaign performed for temperatures between -160°C and 23°C. A numerical study of this test was carried out. Coupled with the Charpy tests, it allowed to set up a model of the brittle failure. The risk of gas generators brittle failure is finally evaluated. The influence of the manufacturing process on the risk of brittle failure was also studied
Thakare, Amol G. "Numerical Simulations Of Void Growth In Ductile Single Crystals". Thesis, 2008. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/854.
Testo completoThakare, Amol G. "Numerical Simulations Of Void Growth In Ductile Single Crystals". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/854.
Testo completoBasu, Sumit. "Numerical Simulation Of Fracture Initiation In Ductile Solids Under Mode I Dynamic Loading". Thesis, 1999. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1520.
Testo completoBasu, Sumit. "Numerical Simulation Of Fracture Initiation In Ductile Solids Under Mode I Dynamic Loading". Thesis, 1999. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1520.
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