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1
Brinkerhoff, Derick W., e Arthur A. Goldsmith. "Institutional Dualism and International Development". Administration & Society 37, n. 2 (maggio 2005): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399704272595.
2
Johansen, Martin Blok. "Etisk afgørende øjeblikke – en pragmatisk-dualistisk forskningsetik". Studier i Pædagogisk Filosofi 6, n. 2 (12 aprile 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/spf.v6i2.25894.
Abstract (sommario):
This article analyses and discusses research-ethical dilemmas, ambivalences and problematic issues. This is done firstly by making a distinction between procedural research ethics and particularistic research ethics. Such a distinction refl ects a theoretical construction and generalization – in practice there can be a very close correlation between the two types. Hereafter, the distinction will therefore be used as a jumping-off point for the presentation of a pragmatic-dualist research ethics. Th e approach is dualist because it draws on the presence of two independent, contrasting understandings, which are essentially diff erent yet equal aspects of good research ethics; and it is pragmatic because this dualism is first and foremost structural and institutional by nature, and designed with an eye to what can realistically and expediently be done in practice. Thus the intention of the article is to both analyze and discuss two different understandings of research ethics and simultaneouslyqualify a research ethics that draws on both these understandings. At the same time, the intention is to try to visualize a diff erent understanding of research ethics which others can address and elaborate on or qualify but even at this point can be included in an arsenal or catalogue of research-ethical understandings and approaches that can be exploited in research-ethical practice.
3
Perkins, J. A. "Dualism in German Agrarian Historiography". Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, n. 2 (aprile 1986): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500013876.
Abstract (sommario):
The historiography of agrarian Germany before 1914 is fundamentally based upon two moments (in the Weberian sense): one of a structural and the other of an institutional nature. The structural moment comprises an emphasis upon the existence and role of agrarian dualism, that is, upon a sharp contrast, emerging from the later Middle Ages onwards, in the agrarian systems found east and west of the River Elbe and its tributary the Saale, which together formed a line bisecting Germany from Hamburg to the modern Czechoslavakian frontier. The institutional moment consists of the shift from a free-trade to a protectionist policy in respect of cereals after 1879. In the words of a leading West German agrarian historian, “On 1 January 1880 … a new epoch commenced for German agricultural policy.” In addition, the adoption of a grain tariff from 1879 is generally assumed to have had a determining influence upon the subsequent development of German agriculture and, for that matter, is thought by some writers to have exerted a considerable influence upon the entire course of modern German history.
4
S, Lany Pionier, Jun Matsunami e Bakti Setiawan. "The Institutional Dualism and Its Impact on Economic Development The Case of Dualism in Batam". Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 3, n. 2 (14 dicembre 2019): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v3i2.1786.
Abstract (sommario):
Batam as a region with a strategic position, located on the international trade route, was developed to become one of the engines of economic growth in Indonesia. However, in its development, Batam faced governance problems that had an impact on the decline in its economic performance. Not only at the local level, but its influence reaches the national level. This study explains the causal relationship of Dual Governance, focusing on aspects of formation, relations between institutions and their impact on development. Using the framework of Holzinger, Kern and Kromrey (2016), this study captures the issue of institutional dualism that has occurred for years and is considered to be the cause of the decline in development in Batam. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods with a case study approach and collecting data from interviews and document analysis.There are several concluding points in this study regarding institutional dualism and its impact on economic development based on Batam’s case. They are the implementation of decentralization, the significance of the pre-existing institution, the similarity between two institution in respect of interpreting and implementing policies and the relationship between intergovernmental relations and economic development. These three factors affect the degree of intergovernmental relations which is directly proportional to economic development. The more intergovernmental relations are, the higher economic development is.
5
Sukharev, Oleg. "Technological innovations and the effect of ‘dualism’". SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600007.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of the research is to consider the effect of technological dualism for the Russian economy with an empirical demonstration that this effect has a different content. The research methodology consists of the neo-Schumpeterian theory of technological change, structural analysis, and empirical estimates that allow one to identify the characteristics of technological dynamics. The result of this research was a demonstration of the deviation from the classical effect of technological dualism of the Russian economy, which is caused by the existing structural and institutional characteristics of the functioning of activities various types. The main conclusion is that the classical recipes for stimulating technological innovation in the presence of the pseudo-effect of technological dualism will not become working tools with high action. We need systemic and institutional transformations that affect the incentives for technological renewal and the deployment of markets that accept products that embody the results of technological improvement and development. Thus, replacing the strategy of local technological innovations with a strategy of comprehensive incentives and large-scale technological innovations that improve the social parameters of life is an urgent task for the Russian economy.
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Ramus, Tommaso, Antonino Vaccaro e Pascual Berrone. "A Longitudinal Investigation of Institutional Dualism: Strategic Responses to Legitimacy Gaps". Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 10908. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.10908abstract.
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Zhuravel, T. S. "The Dualistic Nature of the Competence of Civil-Military Administrations: On the Formulation of the Problem". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, n. 81 (8 aprile 2024): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.81.2.22.
Abstract (sommario):
The article highlights the controversial issues of executive branch dualism in Ukraine and highlights the problems of the dualistic nature of the competence of civil-military administrations. It is noted that since the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence and up to now, political and legal discussions have been taking place around the problems of executive power organization. It is emphasized that the origins of the problem of executive dualism should be sought from the formation of the system of public authorities in Ukraine in the 90s of the twentieth century. During this period, there was a rather complicated political struggle and a search for the most optimal model of building a system of state authorities, which certainly affected the construction of the executive branch, and gave rise to a number of problems related to the dualism of power. The author emphasizes that the problems of dualism in the sphere of higher authorities have caused the same problems in the system of executive authorities and their relations with other types of public authorities, in particular, with local self-government bodies. The author analyzes and summarizes the problems in the field of relations between local public authorities (local executive authorities and local self-government bodies) and identifies the following: conceptual problems of delimitation of powers between certain executive authorities and local self-government bodies, legal problems of delimitation of powers between certain executive authorities and local self-government bodies; institutional problems. It is emphasized that dualism was also observed in the course of functioning of civil-military administrations, although in this case it was of a slightly different nature, which is due to the special legal status of the latter. The author identifies the peculiarities of such dualism. The author emphasizes the need to improve the legal framework for the functioning of civil-military administrations, to carry out institutional changes (search for a model, structure, etc.), to organize work, to apply new forms and methods of management, and to conduct further scientific research.
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Hidayat, Yayan, Iwan Ismi Febriyanto e Mahalli Hatim Nadzir. "Transformasi dan Dualisme Kelembagaan dalam Pemerintah Adat Minang: Studi terhadap Nagari Pariangan, Sumatera Barat". Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review 2, n. 2 (15 luglio 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpi.v2i2.9021.
Abstract (sommario):
<p>This paper describes the impact of dualism in institution of Nagari Pariangan caused by contestation of social control between state and local government through the Law no. 5 of 1979 and Regional Policy of Sumatera Barat number 2/2007. As a case of institutional transformation, Nagari Pariangan has faced some notorious shape until it was transformed as nagari. We found that the first transformation was the interest of state, and the second is the interest of local government. The results of the transformation are dualism of institution which has diminished political structure of governance and local values of Nagari society.</p>
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Frolov, D. P. "Post-institutionalism: Beyond the institutional mainstream". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n. 5 (13 maggio 2020): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-5-107-140.
Abstract (sommario):
The article discusses the internal dualism of modern institutional economics, manifested in division of orthodox or mainstream institutionalism (its axiomatics and dogmatics are represented by the Standard Model) and its opposition post-institutionalism. An agenda for promising post-institutional studies is proposed, covering a wide range of discussion issues beyond the Standard Model — from the transition to integrative interpretations of institutions to the introduction of the Evo-Devo-paradigm of analysis of institutional evolution. A reorientation of the transactional analysis from minimizing transaction costs to maximizing the transaction value generated by institutions is proposed. The normocentric paradigm of institutional theory is discussed, considering any forms and trajectories of institutional evolution outside of the evaluation criteria, abandoning the tradition of negative labeling of institutional anomalies. The article demonstrates that in the focus of post-institutionalism there is institutional complexity, which can only be comprehended by overcoming reductionist methodological approaches of the institutional mainstream.
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Shahid, Muhammad Shehryar, Colin C. Williams e Alvaro Martinez. "Beyond the formal/informal enterprise dualism: Explaining the level of (in)formality of entrepreneurs". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 21, n. 3 (6 gennaio 2020): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750319896928.
Abstract (sommario):
Rather than portray formal and informal sector entrepreneurs as discrete groups, an emergent scholarship has conceptualized a continuum from wholly formal to wholly informal entrepreneurs. The aim of the article is to advance a degree of (in)formality approach by evaluating whether the institutional determinants found to explain whether an enterprise is formal or informal are also valid when explaining the level of (in)formality of enterprises. To do so, a 2017 survey of 500 retail microenterprises in the city of Lahore in Pakistan is reported. The finding is that higher levels of formality are more significantly associated with individual-level characteristics of the entrepreneur and enterprise, such as educational level and sales, than with formal and informal institutional conditions, as proposed by institutional theory. The article thus concludes by offering new theoretical implications and exploring some innovative policy measures to tackle informal entrepreneurship.
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Eichhorst, Werner, e Marika Peressoni. "Employment Dualism in Crisis: Labour Market and Welfare State Reforms Before and During COVID-19". SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, n. 159 (aprile 2021): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2021-159001.
Abstract (sommario):
Dual labour markets have been a specific feature of employment systems in Con-tinental Europe after an initial wave of deregulation that started in the 1980s in a situation of high and persistent unemployment. Since then, the institutional duali-sation of employment by type of contract has had massive implications on the quality and quantity of jobs. However, while dualisms were conceived as inevita-ble and stable, the perception has become more nuanced and dynamic, account-ing for partial dedualising steps observable over the last decade in particular. This paper gives an overview of the history of dualisation and dual labour markets before addressing current challenges arising from the digital transition and the COVID-19 pandemic. It concludes with a discussion about potential policies to overcome labour market dualisms.
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Alhaddad, Muhammad Roihan. "MANAJEMEN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DAN POLITIK". Raudhah Proud To Be Professionals : Jurnal Tarbiyah Islamiyah 4, n. 2 (17 dicembre 2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48094/raudhah.v4i2.48.
Abstract (sommario):
Management of Islamic education as a process of structuring / managing Islamic educational institutions that involve resources in moving it to achieve the objectives of Islamic education effectively and efficiently. While Mujammil Qomar, defines the management of Islamic education as a process of managing Islamic educational institutions in an Islamic way by getting around learning resources and other matters related to achieving the objectives of Islamic education effectively and efficiently. Before the spread of the madrasa, Islamic education was carried out in Kuttab, Halaqah, the Ulama House, and the Mosque. Kuttab is divided into two types, namely the first kuttab which teaches writing and reading, and second is the kuttab which teaches the Qur'an and the basics of Islam. The management system of an Islamic educational institution that is influenced by politics can be categorized into four problems namely first, national education is political-elitist. Second, the Dualism of the Education System. Third, KKN in recruitment. and fourth, institutional dualism. The author provides a basic idea of the efforts that must be made so that there are no gaps from the management of Public Higher Education managed by Kemenristekdikti and Islamic Religious Higher Education managed by the Ministry of Religion. The gap in question is in the form of an education budget that must be equally divided between the General Higher Education and Islamic Religious Higher Education by moving the Islamic Religious Higher Education to be fully managed by the Ministry of Research and Technology so that there is no longer the term institutional dualism that houses it.
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Bréchon, Pierre, e Roland J. Campiche. "Pertinence de la théorie de la dualisation de la religion en Suisse, en France et en Europe". Social Compass 58, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768611402607.
Abstract (sommario):
The principal explanations of contemporary religious change face two main difficulties. On the one hand, they often fail to express the complexity of the ongoing evolution, because they are too focused on institutional religion, e.g. secularization. On the other hand, some of them favour fashionable themes (the growth of individualism, the privatization of religion) and skirt the societal impact of religion. The idea of dualism allows a combined approach to the process of religious de-institutionalization and the new patterns of its regulation. The authors discuss this theory on the basis of data relating to Switzerland, France and other Western European countries (EVS, ISSP). In spite of the difficulty of finding relevant indicators that allow proper comparison, the results are promising. They invite further critical analysis of current definitions. The theory of dualism allows us to reopen the debate on religious change.
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GELEPITHIS, MARGARITA. "Three paths to more encompassing supplementary pensions". Journal of Social Policy 47, n. 3 (18 dicembre 2017): 603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000770.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractIn pension systems characterized by low or moderate state benefits, reliance on voluntary private pensions creates a dualism of access to adequate retirement income. This dualism is expected to persist over time. Yet while some private-heavy pension systems continue to rely on dualising voluntarism, since the 1980s most have introduced regulatory reforms to make private pensions more encompassing. This paper uses fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify three paths to the regulatory extension of private pension coverage – collective self-regulation, top-down regulation in Continental Europe, and top-down regulation in Anglophone countries. A case study of the UK then shows how it is that unions have been able to bring about more encompassing private pensions in Anglophone countries, despite strong employer opposition, weak formal influence in policymaking, and a weak institutional capacity for collective self-regulation.
15
Bachman, David. "Elite Dualism and Leadership Selection in China. By Xiaowei Zang. [London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. xix+244 pp. £65.00; $114.95. ISBN 0-415-32234-0.]". China Quarterly 179 (settembre 2004): 812–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004220604.
Abstract (sommario):
Xiaowei Zang writes frequently on the nature of the Chinese political elite from a sociological perspective. This book serves as a summary of many of his research concerns. Put simply, he argues that within one political hierarchy, the Party and the government have significantly different personnel systems (elite dualism). Both value loyalty and expertise, but the government system pays more attention to expertise, and the Party to loyalty. He demonstrates these views with extensive data drawn from Who's Who in China Current Leaders (1988 and 1994). He sees his approach as reflecting and demonstrating the utility of neo-institutional concerns in analysing elite formation in China.While the data is usefully presented, I have many difficulties with Zang's approach and argument. First, I find his overall discussion of separate Party and government institutions confusing. It is never clear when these two institutions definitely came into existence and when they developed their own norms, values and so on. He spends two chapters (three and four) showing the precursors to elite dualism, but concludes on p. 60 that it was only in 1982 that leadership transition began. One must question then how well established were the norms, values, and other markers of institutional boundaries when he uses the 1988 and 1994 Who's Who. If leadership transition only began in 1982, then what is the purpose of discussions of elite dualism dating back to the Jiangxi Soviet? It is one of the properties of formal organizations and bureaucracies that they have a functional division of labour. Given predictable recurring patterns of such a division of labour, it is not surprising that people are recruited into different functional specialities on the basis of their background. But while Zang demonstrates this point well, to argue that there are separate Party and government hierarchies as a result seems to go too far.
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Kostakopoulou, Dora. "Co-creating European Union Citizenship: Institutional Process and Crescive Norms". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813459.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractBy focusing on processes and institutional change, EU citizenship emerges as a co-created institution. It is the product of institutional design and co-creation by actors at all levels of governance and is shaped by multilogues at the ‘top’, ‘bottom’ and ‘sideways’, as well as by citizens’ formal and informal actions. A co-creation perspective leads us to reconsider state-centred assumptions about which form of citizenship should be predominant and the dualism of centralism (supra-nationalism) versus ‘home-rule’ (intergovernmentalism), and to embrace a genuinely citizen-centred perspective. The chapter develops the co-creation paradigm, examines its dimensions, various forms and patterns and, by discussing the post-RottmannandZambranocase law (McCarthy, Dereci, Iida, O, S and LandYmeraga) as well asTsakouridisandPI, sheds light onto the complex dynamics that make EU citizenship a vehicle of transformative institutional change but that can also work against it.
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Kostakopoulou, Dora. "Co-creating European Union Citizenship: Institutional Process and Crescive Norms". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003074.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract By focusing on processes and institutional change, EU citizenship emerges as a co-created institution. It is the product of institutional design and co-creation by actors at all levels of governance and is shaped by multilogues at the ‘top’, ‘bottom’ and ‘sideways’, as well as by citizens’ formal and informal actions. A co-creation perspective leads us to reconsider state-centred assumptions about which form of citizenship should be predominant and the dualism of centralism (supra-nationalism) versus ‘home-rule’ (intergovernmentalism), and to embrace a genuinely citizen-centred perspective. The chapter develops the co-creation paradigm, examines its dimensions, various forms and patterns and, by discussing the post-Rottmann and Zambrano case law (McCarthy, Dereci, Iida, O, S and L and Ymeraga) as well as Tsakouridis and PI, sheds light onto the complex dynamics that make EU citizenship a vehicle of transformative institutional change but that can also work against it.
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Ozkan, Umut Riza. "The dualisation of unemployment compensation in emerging economies: Brazil, China and Russia". Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 33, n. 3 (ottobre 2017): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1363800.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article examines the development of a ‘dualised’ welfare regime –generous earnings-related unemployment compensation for ‘insiders’ andresidualneeds-based social assistance provision for ‘outsiders’ – in China and Brazil, which experienced impressive economic development in recent decades. It argues that such a welfare outcome can partly be accounted for by the ongoing influence of ‘insiders’, which was conditional upon the pace and nature of economic liberalisation reforms and their representation in institutional channels of social policy-making. It also demonstrates that the new social/unemployment assistance schemes for ‘outsiders’ emerged due to both governments’ fear of losing their power in politics; yet, these schemes were designed in a residual way since ‘outsiders’ did not possess the same political resources as ‘insiders’ did. The paper, moreover, draws from the Russian experience (a negative case) to demonstrate that such a dualised welfare outcome did not take place because the ‘insiders’ were weak, owing to a radical and orthodox liberalisation and they did not have access to institutional venues to influence social policy-making process.
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Morin, Michel. "Dualisme, mixité et métissage juridique : Québec, Hong Kong, Macao, Afrique du Sud et Israël". Symposium: Mixed Jurisdictions 57, n. 4 (8 novembre 2012): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013027ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Pendant longtemps, le droit comparé s’est principalement intéressé à trois grandes familles ou traditions issues d’Europe, celles de droit civil, de common law ou des pays socialistes, même si ces regroupements dissimulaient d’innombrables divergences. Or, un droit d’origine romaniste (codifié ou non) peut survivre dans un État où prédomine la common law ; celui-ci est alors appelé un « pays de droit mixte ». Il en va ainsi des systèmes québécois et canadien, en raison de la dualité de leurs sources. Si la doctrine déplore traditionnellement le métissage du droit civil, elle admet aujourd’hui que, en dépit des emprunts aux institutions et des références aux décisions de common law, le droit privé québécois demeure fondamentalement civiliste. Il a préséance en cas de lacune dans une loi fédérale, sauf si le droit public entre en jeu. Les textes du présent numéro de la Revue de droit McGill abordent divers aspects des systèmes juridiques mixtes d’autres territoires, soit Hong Kong, Macao, l’Afrique du Sud et Israël. L’indépendance judiciaire à Hong Kong semble menacée par la culture juridique autoritaire de la République populaire de Chine, malgré l’absence de toute modification institutionnelle apparente. En Israël et en Afrique du Sud, les juristes acceptent bien la coexistence de traditions différentes — germanique, britannique, américaine, coutumière. Cette ouverture d’esprit devrait se poursuivre à l’avenir, au moins pour les questions nouvelles ou controversées.
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Scott, Paul. "(Political) Constitutions and (Political) Constitutionalism". German Law Journal 14, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2013): 2157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002716.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper responds to the conceptual inflation of constitutionalism in recent years by considering the relationship between constitutions and the specific concept of constitutionalism, seeking to establish the limits to the identification of the latter outside its traditional province. It considers both constitutions and constitutionalism in general terms, but seeks in particular to elucidate the relationship between the political constitution and political constitutionalism. This task requires an explanation of the law/politics divide and the paper argues for an institutional distinction between the two concepts, as opposed to one based upon the supposedly distinctive rationalities associated with law and politics. It grafts these categories onto a concept of constitutionalism characterized by a specific functional logic, whereby the same mechanisms that constitute power also limit that power. As such, it argues that to identify constitutionalism in contexts in which constitution and limitation occur separately—as in different layers of a multi-layered constitutional order—is mistaken. Constitutionalism is defined by this distinctive dualism, which in turn grants it its legitimating potential.In light of this definition of constitutionalism, the paper considers the relationship between law and politics within the constitutional order, offering three potential accounts of the connection between them. Amongst these, it endorses the idea that law and politics are necessarily linked: Within the democratic constitution, each frames the other such that legal requirements are the outcome of a political process which itself takes a form determined by law. The two phenomena are therefore inseparable; in a certain sense, all law is politics and all politics is law. The piece ends by suggesting that this claim is true where, and only where, the conditions laid down for constitutionalism hold true. Constitutionalism is a dualist phenomenon which, where it occurs, brings with it a highly particular melding of the legal and the political.
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Setiawan, Iwan. "Determination Methodology of the Fiduciary Law and Critic Towards Sharia Fiduciary Institutional Dualism and its Legislation". International Journal of Nusantara Islam 2, n. 2 (20 aprile 2015): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v2i2.152.
Abstract (sommario):
The Qur’an’s verse, Al-Baqarah: 283, explains rahn in a trip condition, however, the fact that the enforcement of rahn also occurs in muqim condition. Syar’ah fiduciary needs to be included into law as Muslims in Indonesia are the majority and based on the decision of OKI (Islamic Conference Organization), Indonesia is as an Islamic country. Therefore, by being supported by Pancasila, it generates God Sovereignty theory. The research method used is normative juridical method: that is the law research method done by researching literature. The research shows that: 1) the fiduciary truth (rahn) in Islamic law is (syara’) making a thing having value of property in the view of Syara’ as a debt guarantee, which enables to take the whole or part of the debt of the thing. Method of istinbath al-hukmi is related to the fiduciary done by the fiduciary institution using qiyas (metaphor), 2) the emergence of dualism of sharia fiduciary institution and sharia banking was caused by the existence of fatwa of National Sharia Board MUI (Indonesian Council of Religious Scholars) No: 25/DSN-MUI/lII/2002, and Fatwa of National Sharia Board MUI No: 26/DSN-MUI/II1/2002, in which sharia financial institution is allowed to produce the product which accords with syarih principles, 3) critic towards law No. 21, 2008 and governmental regulations No. 51, 2011 are not directly clarified, but has similarities and explanations concerning a product that must accord with sharia principles.
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Carey, Gemma, Adrian Kay e Ann Nevile. "Institutional Legacies and “Sticky Layers”: What Happens in Cases of Transformative Policy Change?" Administration & Society 51, n. 3 (19 aprile 2017): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399717704682.
Abstract (sommario):
Policy layering has received significant scholarly attention in recent years as a means to explain and understand the outcomes of policy implementation efforts, particularly within the context of incremental change. However, little is known about how processes of policy layering and institutional legacies play out in (relatively rare) system-wide and transformative policy reforms. This article presents a critical case study of one such reform—the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). In examining the implementation experiences of the NDIS, we resist the bifurcation of the study of policy dynamics into a stability versus big bang dualism by revealing that many influential and constraining factors in a layering process are common across both incremental and transformative reforms. Moreover, we find that layering is not merely an unfortunate by-product of previous institutional structures but a tool that is actively sought and used by policy makers to tackle implementation challenges that, once set in motion, can move beyond the ability of policy makers to control.
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Levin, John S. "The Paradox of the Presidency: The Difference a President makes in Institutional Functioning at Three Community Colleges". Canadian Journal of Higher Education 22, n. 3 (31 dicembre 1992): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v22i3.183141.
Abstract (sommario):
Do presidents make a difference? Presidential impact on colleges and universities has been called into question for decades. Most recently, there is evidence to suggest that institutional functioning may not be affected by who presidents are or by what presidents do (Birnbaum, 1989). Such questioning fits within the mainstream of thinking on the presidency at higher education institutions. This thinking conveys a dualism of perceptions about presidents (Benezet et al., 1981). On the one hand, presidents are seen to have both power and authority to direct their institutions; on the other hand, presidents are seen as having limited control over their institutions. Twenty-four governing board members at three Canadian community colleges were interviewed to determine whether and to what extent presidents are seen to make a difference in institutional functioning. This study concludes that from the perspective of board members, presidents do make a difference in institutional functioning. Presidential impact can be seen in public and government perceptions of the college, in institutional decision-making, and in the preservation of college philosophy. Furthermore, the president is the educational leader, not as a determiner of educational programs or teaching performance, but rather as the communicator of institutional orientations and actions.
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Setiawan, Edi, Endriana Prasetyawati e Wilmar A. Salim. "Bitung Special Economic Zone (SEZ): A Dynamics Study of Establishment and Development Processes". GeoEco 8, n. 2 (25 luglio 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v8i2.59528.
Abstract (sommario):
<p><em>In the context of regional development in Indonesia, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are designated to accommodate industrial and economic activities for regional acceleration. To date, Indonesia has 19 Special Economic Zones that have been designated, one of which is the Bitung SEZ. In its designation, the Bitung SEZ focused on the fishery and coconut processing industry, as well as its derivative products. The development of the Bitung SEZ as a government product in the plan is expected to give trickling down effects to the surrounding, but in the practice, it does not escape problems (in the spatial, institutional, and socio-economic aspects). Thus, this paper aims to explain how the establishment and operational dynamics of the Bitung SEZ are based on the physical, policy, and social dimensions as dualism in development. This research used mixed methods, with data sources and materials obtained from the research, news, and planning documents. The findings of this study, the dualism of development occurs in both theoretical and practical settings, instead of creating a new growth center, development can also cause some problems.</em></p>
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Bureau, Marie-Christine, e Patrick Dieuaide. "Institutional change and transformations in labour and employment standards". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, n. 3 (agosto 2018): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258918775573.
Abstract (sommario):
Initially employed by lawyers and geopolitical experts, the concept of ‘grey zones’ can be usefully applied to analyse the recent changes on the labour market. It provides a means of bypassing the dualist approaches that contrast waged work and self-employment, insiders and outsiders, or, then again, formal and informal work in a binary way. It provides visibility of the decoherence between the institutions associated with waged status and actual employment practices, and the layering of several different kinds of regulation. The ‘grey zones’ approach thus provides an analytical framework for understanding a wide variety of situations and studying various processes of institutional change, giving the actors of this change their rightful place. Although grey zones are often areas where laws are absent or weak, through these actors they can also give rise to new institutions.
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Volenzo Elijah, Tom, Rachel Makungo e Georges-Ivo Ekosse. "Effective Mainstreaming of Agricultural Emissions into Climate Action Agenda: The Case of Institutions and Smallholder Dairy Production Systems, Western Kenya". Atmosphere 12, n. 11 (16 novembre 2021): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111507.
Abstract (sommario):
Small-scale farming production systems are integral drivers of global sustainability challenges and the climate crisis as well as a solution space for the transition to climate compatible development. However, mainstreaming agricultural emissions into a climate action agenda through integrative approaches, such as Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), largely reinforces adaptation–mitigation dualism and pays inadequate attention to institutions’ linkage on the generation of externalities, such as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This may undermine the effectiveness of local–global climate risk management initiatives. Literature data and a survey of small-scale farmers’ dairy feeding strategies were used in the simulation of GHG emissions. The effect of price risks on ecoefficiencies or the amount of GHG emissions per unit of produced milk is framed as a proxy for institutional feedbacks on GHG emissions and effect at scale. This case study on small-scale dairy farmers in western Kenya illustrates the effect of local-level and sectoral-level institutional constraints, such as market risks on decision making, on GHG emissions and the effectiveness of climate action. The findings suggest that price risks are significant in incentivising the adoption of CSA technologies. Since institutional interactions influence the choice of individual farmer management actions in adaptation planning, they significantly contribute to GHG spillover at scale. This can be visualised in terms of the nexus between low or non-existent dairy feeding strategies, low herd productivity, and net higher methane emissions per unit of produced milk in a dairy value chain. The use of the Sustainable Food Value Chain (SFVC) analytical lens could mediate the identification of binding constraints, foster organisational and policy coherence, as well as broker the effective mainstreaming of agricultural emissions into local–global climate change risk management initiatives. Market risks thus provide a systematic and holistic lens for assessing alternative carbon transitions, climate financing, adaptation–mitigation dualism, and the related risk of maladaptation, all of which are integral in the planning and implementation of effective climate action initiatives.
27
Viktorov, Ilja. "The State, Informal Networks, and Financial Market Regulation in Post-Soviet Russia, 1990–2008". Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 42, n. 1 (13 aprile 2015): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-04201002.
Abstract (sommario):
The article examines how informal networks inside the Russian state influenced the formation and further development of the country’s financial markets during the 1990s and 2000s. The main argument is that the activities of these networks made it difficult to implement any coherent state regulation policy in the field. At the same time, rivalry between competing informal networks and different organizations contributed to institutional development and some improvements. The result was a dualist institutional structure of the Russian speculative financial markets that reproduced itself throughout the period in question. The study is based on in-depth interviews conducted at Moscow-based financial institutions.
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Faidah, Mutimmatul. "Sertifikasi Halal di Indonesia dari Civil Society menuju Relasi Kuasa antara Negara dan Agama". ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 11, n. 2 (27 febbraio 2017): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2017.11.2.449-476.
Abstract (sommario):
This article attempts to describe the implementation of ḥalâl certification in Indonesia prior to the Law of Halal Product Assurance (Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal/UU JPH), and identifies the governance of ḥalâl certification according to the law. The results of this study state that prior to the application of UU JPH, the ḥalâl certification was under the authority of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), through the Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan, Obat, dan Kosmetika (LPPOM) in the process of sertification and control product. The fatwa commission of MUI has the authority to determine the ḥalâl products and the Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) issues the ḥalâl label. This institutional dualism makes the position of LPPOM weak. The organization does not have the authority to force manufacturers to certify, because the halal certification is voluntary, not mandatory. Similarly, the function of oversight and enforcement was weak because there is no legal provision which obliges company to certify its product. In addition, the UU JPH removes the dualism of ḥalâl certification institutions under the authority of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The fusion of ḥalâl certification system provides the legal basis for the ḥalâl certification obligations for products and firmness in the monitoring and surveillance systems of ḥalâl products.
29
Bock, Mary A. "Newspaper journalism and video: Motion, sound, and new narratives". New Media & Society 14, n. 4 (11 novembre 2011): 600–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444811421650.
Abstract (sommario):
Video has become a key component for multi-media newspaper websites. Working with video is often a new skill for print-based journalists, who previously may have considered it the province of television news organizations. Institutional convention has held up television news as a foil to still images and the printed word, a dualism that has fostered hierarchal thinking about video and its normative role in journalism. Such hierarchal thinking, or what Pierre Bourdieu discussed in terms of distinction, is often reflected in institutional, automatic, unconscious daily practices. This study looks through Bourdieu’s lens at a set of observational and interview data to describe the way journalists in newspaper organizations are adopting video for presenting news. The study finds that newspaper journalists, both writers and still photojournalists, are responding in ways that allow them to claim a distinct form of multi-media presentation, thereby sustaining their place in the traditional journalistic hierarchy.
30
Zaenuddin, Muhammad, Wahyudi Kumorotomo, Samsubar Saleh e Agus H. Hadna. "DUALISME KELEMBAGAAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH KOTA DAN BADAN PENGUSAHAAN BATAM SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PEREKONOMIAN DI KOTA BATAM". JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 1, n. 2 (26 gennaio 2018): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v1i2.613.
Abstract (sommario):
The development of special areas of Batam began in the 1970s. With the support of special regulations made by the central government, Batam City becomes a competitive place for investment in Indonesia. Moreover Batam has geographical advantage because of its strategic location and adjacent to Malaysia and Singapore. However, problems arise when the central government begins to impose regional autonomy. The birth of Batam City caused an overlapping of authority between the Local Government of Batam and the Batam Authority which caused the management of Batam Island to be not harmonious. This study aims to identify the problem of institutional dualism that occurred between the Local Government of Batam and the Batam Authority and its impact on economic performance in Batam City. This research is explanatory, the data used are primary and secondary data. The results show the fact that the main problems in governance in Batam City is the occurrence of dualism authority between the Local Government of Batam and the Batam Authority. This is shown by the fact that the overlapping of authority between Local Government of Batam and the Batam Authority occurs in several sectors, especially in land management, overlapping licensing in Batam, airport and port management. This condition led to a decline in economic performance in Batam and the decline of Batam's economic competitiveness.
31
Risnain, Muh. "IDEAS FOR STRENGTHENING SUPREME COURT JUDICIAL REVIEW AUTHORITY IN REVIEW OF REGIONAL REGULATIONS". Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 9, n. 3 (12 gennaio 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.9.3.2020.505-522.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe problem of judicial review of regional regulations in the Supreme Court is a serious academic and practical issue that needs to be resolved after the issuance of the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015. There are two problems in this paper, first, the legal implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015 on institutional and legal procedures for judicial review of regional regulations in the Supreme Court, secondly, how is the concept of the Supreme Court judicial review carried out through renewal of procedural law Trial Judicial Review in the Supreme Court? Based on the discussion above, we can conclude two things, first, the legal implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015 on the institutional and legal procedures for judicial review of regional regulations in the Supreme Court are the stronger and increasing authority of judicial review in Supreme Court. This decision ended the dualism of review of local regulations from judicial review by the Supreme Court and executive review of regional regulations by the Ministry of Home Affairs to only a judicial review by the Supreme Court, also potentially increasing the number of cases of judicial review in the Supreme Court. Second, the concept of the implementation of a judicial review by the Supreme Court is carried out through legal renewal of the judicial review proceedings in the Supreme Court by including several important substances, related to hearings that are open to the public, the existence of a preliminary examination, hearing, verdict and decision making that are more open and fair.Keywords: Regional Regulation, Judicial Review, and Reformation ABSTRAKProblem judicial review Perda di Mahkamah Agung menjadi persoalan akademik dan praktikal serius yang perlu dipecahkan pascakeluarnya putusan Mahkamah konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015. Terdapat dua masalah dalam tulisan ini, pertama, implikasi hukum Putusan Mahkamah konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015 terhadap kelembagaan dan hukum acara judicial review perda di mahkamah agung, kedua, bagaimanakah konsep pelaksanaan judicial review perda oleh mahkamah agung dilakukan melalui pembaharuan hukum acara persidangan judicial review di mahkamah agung?. Berdasarkan pembahasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan dua hal , pertama, implikasi hukum Putusan Mahkamah konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015 terhadap kelembagaan dan hukum acara judicial review perda di mahkamah agung adalah semakin kuat dan meningkatnya kewenangan judicial review di mahakamah agung. Putusan ini mengakhiri dualisme review perda dari judicial review oleh MA dan executive review perda oleh kemendagri menjadi hanya judicial review oleh Mahkamah Agung, juga berpotensi meningkatkan jumlah perkara judicial review perda di mahkamah agung. Kedua, konsep pelaksanaan judicial review perda oleh mahkamah agung dilakukan melalui pembaharuan hukum acara persidangan judicial review di mahkamah agung dengan memasukan beberapa substansi penting, terkait sidang yang terbuka untuk umum, adanya proses pemeriksaan pendahuluan, pemeriksaan persidangan, pembuktian dan pengambilan putusan yang lebih terbuka dan fair.Kata Kunci : Peaturan Daerah, JudicialReview, dan Pembaharuan.
32
Valcke, Catherine. "Comparative History and the Internal View of French, German, and English Private Law". Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 19, n. 1 (gennaio 2006): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900005622.
Abstract (sommario):
This Article explores the different intellectual and socio-political contexts that attended the emergence of the French, German, and English legal systems with a view to understanding French, German, and English private law from the perspective of the participants in these systems. The French legal system is a child of the Cartesian dualism that marked the Age of Reason, according to which the material world can and ought to be fully dominated by the human intellect. This conception of the relation of facts to ideas arguably is reflected in the structure and design of the French civil code, in such institutional features as the French conception of the role of the judge, as well as in the tendency of French jurists to view contractual consent subjectively. In contrast, the German legal system congealed at a time when Cartesian dualism was losing ground to German idealism. The dialectic conception of facts and ideas favoured by the German idealists arguably made its way into several institutional features of the German legal system, including the content of the BGB, the codification process, the conception of the role of the judge, the style of judicial decisions, and the greater inter-penetration of public and private law. It may also partly explain why German jurists have tended to view contractual consent as simultaneously objective and subjective. Finally, whereas both the French and the German legal systems emerged from highly intellectual contexts, the English legal system grew from a maize of pragmatic political and administrative considerations that left little room for explicit ideas. The emphasis on hard facts still is palpable in many aspects of contemporary English law, in particular, the doctrine of stare decisis, the conception of the judicial function, and the mode of reasoning by analogy. It arguably also is reflected in the tendency of English judges to privilege the objective conception of contractual consent.
33
Muhtadi, Ahmad, e Pesta Saulina Sitohang. "Kelembagaan pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove di Pantai Bali Kabupaten Batu Bara Provinsi Sumatera Utara". Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 3, n. 1 (30 aprile 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v3i1.335.
Abstract (sommario):
Pelibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk kelembagaan yang dibangun berbasis masyarakat. Kelembagaan dapat berupa organisasi atau wadah (players of the game) dan aturan main (rules of the game) yang mengatur kelangsungan organisasi maupun kerjasama antara anggotanya untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. kajian ini diperlukan untuk membuat suatu model atau pola pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove berbasis masyarakat. Kajian ini dilakukan di ekowisata mangrove di Pantai Bali, Kecamatan Talawi Kabupaten Batubara. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah kondisi sosial-ekonomi dan kelembagaan masayarakat sekitar serta karakteristik pengunjung. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif terrhadap kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat. Analisis kelembagan mengacu pada konsep kelembagaan dari Taryono (2009) dan Ruddle (1998). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah karakteristik usia masyarakat yang banyak memanfaatkan Pantai Bali tertinggi pada usia 20-29 tahun yaitu sebanyak 54%. Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan ekowisata mangrove, diperoleh 80%. Berdasarkan wawancara yang dilakukan dilapangan diperoleh hasil karakteristik usia pengunjung yang paling banyak pada kisaran 20-29 tahun dengan latar belakangg pendidikan SLTA sebesar 65%. Saat ini terjadi dualisme pengelolaan mangrove antara masyarakat sekitar dengan PT. Obor. Perbaikan dalam struktur organisasi pengelolaan minawana menjadi langkah pertama dalam perbaikan pengelolaan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah tentunya perlu memberikan kewewenangan terhadap Kelompok Tani Hutan sebagai organisasi resmi yang mengatur pengelolaan dilapangan. Langkah selanjutnya adalah perbaikan pengelolaan minawana adalah perbaikan dalam aturan main dalam pengelolaan. Aturan main ini terkait dengan apa yang boleh dan tidak boleh dilakukan terhadap pengelolaan minawana. Selain itu, tentunya sanksi atau imbalan apa yang diperoleh jika melanggar aturan yang ditetapkan.Community involvement in the management of mangrove ecotourism can be done in the form of community-based institutions are built. Institutions may be in an organization or container (players of the game) and rules (rules of the game), which regulates the survival of the organization as well as the cooperation between members to achieve a common goal. This study is required to make a model or pattern of mangrove community-based ecotourism management. The study was conducted in the mangrove eco-tourism in Bali Beach, District Talawi Coal County. The data collected is the socio-economic and institutional surrounding communities as well as the characteristics of the visitors. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis terrhadap socio-economic conditions of society. Institutional analysis refers to the institutional concept of Taryono (2009) and Ruddle (1998). The results obtained are characteristic of the age of the people who are making use of the highest Bali Beach at the age of 20-29 years is 54%. Community involvement in ecotourism activities mangrove, gained 80%. Based on interviews conducted in the field result age characteristics of the visitors most in the range of 20-29 years old with a high school education background belakangg by 65%. When this happens the dualism between the surrounding community mangrove management with PT. Torch. Improvements in management organizational structure minawana be the first step in improving the management. Therefore, the government would need to give the authority to the Forest Farmers Group as an official organization governing the management field. The next step is to improve management of minawana is an improvement in the management rules. This rule is related to what can and can not do against minawana management. In addition, of course, sanctions or rewards what is gained if it violates the rules set.
34
Wahyudi, Dicky, e Anang Sujoko. "The Ethical Experience of Online Journalists in Avoiding Trial by the Press". Jurnal Kajian Jurnalisme 7, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2024): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v7i2.49863.
Abstract (sommario):
Trial by the press is an ethically prohibited practice in journalism activities in Indonesia. However, it still occurs in various online media, meaning that there is something wrong with the ethical actions of online media journalists. This research aims to reveal the ethical experiences of online media journalists in avoiding trial by the press. This research method uses a phenomenological approach by conducting interviews with five online media journalists and a literature study of regulatory trials by the press in Indonesia. The results show that trial by the press has been institutionally regulated to be avoided by journalists, especially in Law 40/1999, Journalistic Code of Ethics from the Press Council, PWI, and AJI. However, journalistic ethical principles in institutional regulations are no longer compatible with the working mechanisms of online media, thus creating a dilemma for online media journalists to choose between the two. However, online media journalists do not view institutional regulations and online media working mechanisms as dualism in the practice of online journalism. Their experience in elaborating institutional regulations and online media working mechanisms can minimize the occurrence of trials by the press. We concluded that contextual and situational elaboration of institutional regulations and working mechanisms of online media can produce an authentic meaning for journalists to avoid trial by the press in online media.
35
Irawan, Arif, Kristian Mairi e Sulistya Ekawati. "Analysis Of Tenurial Conflict In Production Forest Management Unit (Pfmu) Model Poigar". Jurnal Wasian 3, n. 2 (23 dicembre 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v3i2.1595.
Abstract (sommario):
This Research aims to determine (1) History, actors and the causes of conflict in terms of the social aspect of economic, cultural and institutional happened in PFMU Model Poigar (2) Recommendations settlement to parse tenurial conflicts PFMU Model Poigar. Data analysis method used is a qualitative approach. The results showed that land claims by communities began of forest utilization activities to meet basic needs. Tenurial conflicts PFMU Model Poigar is a structural conflict. Some of the main actors should receive priority attention is the processing community land in the area and local employers. Some of the basic causes of conflict tenurial PFMU Model Poigar is a lack of understanding about the existence of related parties PFMU Model Poigar, the dualism of authority, lack of community empowerment, and law enforcement is still weak.Based on consideration of the history, the actors involved and the cause of the conflict, then some of the recommendation of this study is the institutional strengthening KPHP Poigar model, the development of that partnership, and law enforcement.
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SCHEUERMAN, WILLIAM E. "‘Globalization, Constitutionalism, and Sovereignty’1". Global Constitutionalism 3, n. 1 (13 febbraio 2014): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204538171300021x.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractJean L Cohen’s impressive new volume argues that the existing global order’s own internal attributes point the way to the possibility of attractive as well as realistic institutional reforms. Global dualism, she argues, suggests the advantages of constructing non-statist global federations, in which sovereign states would cooperate in far-reaching ways to tackle common problems, in conjunction with a ‘low-intensity’ – yet potentially path-breaking – constitutionalization of global governance. If properly achieved, such reforms could produce a global order better able to preserve legality, protect rights, and allow for far-reaching political autonomy. This review chiefly focuses on the author’s attempt to link her normative and political ideas, and especially her ideas about constitutional pluralism and global federations, to her analysis of the existing global order. Despite the many virtues of her reform ideas, they sometimes embody unfairly hostile views of cosmopolitan political and legal aims. Unfortunately, Cohen has not sufficiently responded to political and institutional cosmopolitans who seek potentially more far-reaching alterations to our global order than she deems desirable.
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Arif, Arif Irawan, Kristian Mairi Kristian e Sulistya Ekawati Sulistya. "Analysis Of Tenurial Conflict In Production Forest Management Unit (Pfmu) Model Poiga". Jurnal Wasian 3, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62142/1dzm8446.
Abstract (sommario):
This Research aims to determine (1) History, actors and the causes of conflict in terms of the social aspect of economic, cultural and institutional happened in PFMU Model Poigar (2)Recommendations settlement to parse tenurial conflicts PFMU Model Poigar. Data analysis method used is a qualitative approach. The results showed that land claims by communities began of forest utilization activities to meet basic needs. Tenurial conflicts PFMU Model Poigar is a structural conflict. Some of the main actors should receive priority attention is the processing community land in the area and local employers. Some of the basic causes of conflict tenurial PFMU Model Poigar is a lack of understanding about the existence of related parties PFMU Model Poigar, the dualism of authority, lack of community empowerment, and law enforcement is still weak.Based on consideration of the history, the actors involved and the cause of the conflict, then some of the recommendation of this study is the institutional strengthening KPHP Poigar model, the development of that partnership, and law enforcement.
38
Ciarini, Andrea, e Roberto Rizza. "How Stable is Dualisation? The Case of Labour Market and Antipoverty Policies in Italy". SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, n. 159 (aprile 2021): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2021-159005.
Abstract (sommario):
This article analyses the old and new dualisation processes that have emerged in Italy in the last twenty years. By focusing on the dualising outcomes of labour market and antipoverty policies, it addresses the trajectories followed by dualisa-tion and their effects on the divides between insiders and outsiders. Within this framework it is argued that dualisation is not a stable equilibrium, but rather the result of the interconnections between institutional arrangements and the variable decisions of social and political actors.
39
Zulfikar, Zulfikar. "Habib Ahmed's maqāṣid sharī`ah concept on cooperative regulations in Indonesia". Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 21, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2021): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i2.247-272.
Abstract (sommario):
This article discussed Habib Ahmed's maqāṣid sharī`ah concept on Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) contracts, regarding the dualism of cooperative regulations in Indonesia between sharia and non-sharia-based cooperatives. In initiating the NIE (New Institutional Economics) approach for IFIs, Habib Ahmed emphasized the vital role of embeddedness as a culture rooted in the knowledge system. This embeddedness is the starting point of IFIs adaptation. These informal institutions then influence the formation of formal institutions and are followed by institutional forms of organization. Finally, the transaction products are in line with the organizational form. In other words, according to Habib Ahmed, if the adaptation and transaction of the IFIs start from this stage, then the product will be entirely in line with the proper Islamic ontology and epistemology. This qualitative library research focused on the reality of cooperatives in Indonesia, assessed from Habib Ahmed's perspective. This study concluded that Indonesia's economy still does not represent the goal of its constitutional economy with a feeling of kinship and mutualistic organization, such as cooperatives. In addition, its significant economic growth, which places it in the top twenty countries (G-20) in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is not inclusive.
40
Williams, Colin, e Besnik Krasniqi. "Beyond the formal/informal employment dualism: evaluating individual- and country-level variations in the commonality of quasi-formal employment". International Journal of Social Economics 48, n. 9 (31 maggio 2021): 1290–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2021-0059.
Abstract (sommario):
PurposeTo transcend the view of employment as either formal or informal, this paper evaluates the prevalence of quasi-formal employment where formal employers pay formal employees an unreported (“envelope”) wage in addition to their formal reported salary. To explain the individual-level variations in quasi-formal employment, the “marginalisation” thesis is evaluated that this practice is more prevalent among vulnerable groups and to explain the country-level variations, and a neo-institutionalist theory is evaluated that it is more prevalent where formal institutional failures lead to an asymmetry between the formal laws and regulations and the unwritten socially shared rules of informal institutions.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate the individual- and country-level variations in the prevalence of quasi-formal employment, a multi-level logistic regression is provided of data from special 2019 Eurobarometer survey 92.1 involving 11,793 interviews with employees across 28 European countries (the 27 member states of the European Union and the United Kingdom).FindingsOf the 3.5% of employees (1 in 28) who receive under-reported salaries, the marginalisation thesis is supported that it is largely vulnerable population groups. So too is the neo-institutionalist explanation that quasi-formal employment is more common in countries where the non-alignment of formal and informal institutions is greater, with the formal institutional failings producing this identified as lower levels of economic development, less modernised state bureaucracies and lower levels of taxation and social protection.Practical implicationsThe policy implication is that tackling quasi-formal employment requires not only enforcement authorities to improve the risk of detection of this illegal wage practice but also governments to change wider macro-level structural conditions. These are outlined.Originality/valueContemporary new evidence is provided of the prevalence of quasi-formal employment along with how this illegal wage practice can be explained and tackled.
41
Harahap, Herman. "The Formation of Special Electoral Court Institution: Between Democratization of Regional Head Elections and Institutional Issues". International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects) 3, n. 2 (29 maggio 2023): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/injects.v3i2.868.
Abstract (sommario):
The separation between the patterns of resolving election disputes and the separation of institutions for resolving election disputes will ultimately lead to potential legal uncertainty, prolonged settlement, and even dualism of election dispute resolution institutions. Therefore, a more integrative approach is needed in resolving election disputes which includes the idea of forming a special electoral court institution. However, the discourse on the formation of a special electoral court institution requires further discussion regarding the position of the intended special judicial institution, whether it falls within the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court. The research method used in this study is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach. Given the complexity of the law in resolving local election disputes which are separated into process disputes and results disputes, an integrative special judicial body is indeed needed to examine and decide on election disputes, not only limited to election results, but also covering all aspects of the election. Essentially, democratization of regional head elections as previously described also includes reforming local election regulations, including legal means for resolving election disputes that provide legal certainty. In this regard, one option is to establish a special local election court or a special electoral court in general.
42
Passaretta, Giampiero, e Maarten HJ Wolbers. "Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility". Economic and Industrial Democracy 40, n. 2 (8 giugno 2016): 382–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x16652946.
Abstract (sommario):
This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider–outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets.
43
Lieberman, Robert C. "“THE STORM DIDN'T DISCRIMINATE”: Katrina and the Politics of Color Blindness". Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 3, n. 1 (marzo 2006): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x06060024.
Abstract (sommario):
Hurricane Katrina exposed the politics of race, poverty, and inequality to broad public view for the first time in a generation. But the storm and its aftermath also constituted a metaphor for the deep tension between color-blind and race-conscious models of politics that has long been one of the central and defining themes of U.S. politics. In this essay, I explore Hurricane Katrina as a window onto this fundamental dualism in U.S. political culture, its ambivalent embrace of both color blindness and race consciousness. In the storm's immediate aftermath, President George W. Bush became the unlikely mouthpiece of this dualism, and I examine his contradictory statements about race in the storm's wake and place them in historical context. I connect these presidential statements to the broader political context that shapes race policymaking in order to ask whether Katrina and the political response it provoked might generate a policy response that takes seriously the problem of racial inequality exposed by the storm. A brief account of a parallel historical example of race-conscious policy emerging from political conditions apparently dominated by color blindness, the emergence of affirmative action in employment in the 1960s and 1970s, emphasizes the mixture of ideological and strategic, political factors that shape U.S. race politics and policy, and suggests a set of ideological and institutional conditions that may be necessary to generate such a dramatic change in policy direction. I conclude by drawing some lessons from this history for post-Katrina race politics.
44
Cadiot, Juliette. "Répression, droit et justice. La punition du vol de la propriété publique en Union soviétique pendant la collectivisation des campagnes (1932-1933)". Droit et société N° 114-115, n. 2 (27 febbraio 2024): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/drs1.114.0265.
Abstract (sommario):
Cet article étudie la reconfiguration institutionnelle et juridique de l’Union soviétique consécutive à la crise majeure qu’a représentée la collectivisation des campagnes du début des années 1930. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement au décret punissant le vol de la propriété publique d’août 1932. Émise sous l’ordre direct de Staline dans un contexte de terrible famine, notamment en Ukraine, ce décret public fut appliqué aussi bien par les tribunaux ordinaires, les tribunaux du peuple que par les troiki , tribunaux d’exception de la police politique. Ce dualisme, ou encore cet État double, normatif et prérogatif, si l’on reprend la formule d’Ernst Fraenkel, se reconfigura au cours de cette campagne punitive qui vit se succéder terreur dans les campagnes, assouplissement des peines par un retour au code pénal et opérations d’amnistie. Cette évolution chaotique aboutit à un changement dans la législation : la protection de la propriété socialiste devint un devoir du citoyen soviétique. Le démantèlement progressif des tribunaux d’exception, les troiki , marqua aussi une étape en transférant les affaires dites politiques aux tribunaux ordinaires. Mais cette normalisation est trompeuse, car des cours spéciales contrôlées par la police politique furent mises en place au sein des tribunaux du peuple.
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Keatimilwe, Nonqaba Tebogo, e Zwelinzima Ndevu. "An Analysis of the Role of Traditional Institutions in Development". Africa Insight 51, n. 2-3 (23 giugno 2023): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ai.v51i2-3.4.
Abstract (sommario):
Recently, the Government of Eswatini was criticised for being undemocratic amidst appeals for constitutional and political reform. The coexistence of ‘traditionalism’ and ‘modernism’ is an intrinsic feature of the political system in Eswatini. This study analysed this dualism and linked the colonial past of Eswatini to the political and public administration traditions that challenge development. It enhances the existing body of knowledge of the Eswatini political system by providing insight into the key features of the Tinkhundla system of government. The study also explored the extent to which constitutionally recognised traditional institutions are expected to contribute towards development based on policy and how that contribution takes effect in reality. The study further analysed the Tinkhundla system of government and identified the attributes that contest its viability. The institutional weaknesses that challenge development were also evaluated. This context is significant because Eswatini is confronted by civil unrest as a result of pressure to effect political reformation. The qualitative research methodology was adopted, whereby both primary and secondary data were gathered. Legislation, literature, and government documents were reviewed and unstructured interviews were conducted with key informants. The findings revealed serious legislative inadequacies that contribute to institutional inefficiency and a lack of clarity regarding the functional aspects of the lower levels of government, specifically chiefdom administration. The most critical recommendation offered in this paper calls for a comprehensive and impartial institutional and constitutional review to reconfigure the distribution of power and redefine the relationship between the state and civil society.
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Pacześniak, Anna. "Ustrojowe uwarunkowania funkcjonowania partii politycznych we Francji i ich konsekwencje dla sceny politycznej". Politeja 17, n. 1(64) (26 febbraio 2020): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.64.07.
Abstract (sommario):
Systemic Conditions of Functioning of Political Parties in France and Their Consequences for the Political Scenario
he aim of the article is to discuss the framework of the semi-presidential system of government, which directly or indirectly affects the functioning of political parties and the format of the French party system. These factors include a strong and active presidency, the hierarchical dualism of executive power, the institution of referendum, the majority electoral law and the weak systemic position of the parliament. The author points out that although the entry into force of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic in 1958 significantly reshaped the position and role of political parties, institutional factors were not conducive for their functioning. Political parties reacted with active political strategies and managed to consolidate their systemic position, and voter behaviour confirmed that deep-rooted political cleavages are still important in the contemporary political scenario.
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Gramma, Rodica, Bianca Hanganu, Oleg Arnaut e Beatrice Gabriela Ioan. "Potential Conflicts of Interest Arising from Dualism of Loyalty Imposed on Employees of Medical Institutions—Findings and Tools for Ethics Management". Medicina 59, n. 9 (4 settembre 2023): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091598.
Abstract (sommario):
Background and Objective: Doctors should have full loyalty to their patients, while patients should be able to trust that physicians will act only in their best interests. However, doctors may be faced with situations where they must choose between the patient’s interests and those of a third party. This article presents the results of a study that aimed to identify situations of duality in the decision-making process of medical workers, which can compromise their ethical behavior. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 1070 participants, employed in 120 healthcare facilities in the Republic of Moldova. An online questionnaire was completed anonymously. Descriptive statistics for discrete data were performed by estimating absolute and relative frequencies. To perform the multivariate analysis, the logistic regression was applied. Results: A large number (74.4%) of respondents admitted that they had faced situations of conflicts of interest. Every third respondent (35.3%) had experienced ethical dilemmas when access to expensive treatments should be ensured. Every fourth respondent experienced a conflict between the patient’s interests and those of the institution (26.1%) or the insurance company (23.3%). As age increases, the probability of reporting the dilemma decreases. Physicians reported such dilemmas almost 3 times more often than nurses. A low rate of staff sought support when faced with dilemmas. Half of the respondents (50.6%) preferred to discuss the problem only with a colleague, and 40.1% preferred to find solutions without anyone’s help. There were significant gaps within organizations in terms of the ethical dimension of the decision-making process. Conclusions: Managers should adopt clear institutional policies and tools to identify and prevent situations of dual loyalty. Ethical support should be offered to employees facing such situations. The need to promote an institutional climate based on trust and openness becomes evident.
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Frangi, Lorenzo. "Introducing Workers’ Embedded Agency: Insights from the Brazilian Subsidiaries of a Multinational Corporation". Articles 69, n. 1 (4 aprile 2014): 60–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024207ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Summary The relevance of subsidiary embeddedness in a macro-institutional environment can in no way overshadow the importance of the micro-political agency of social actors. While some researchers focus on local management’s “embedded agency,” we focus on a less-developed aspect: workers’ “embedded agency.” In order to do so, we propose an analytical model that is based on the Varieties of Capitalism model and its subsequent developments, but that also includes the workers as an active agent. This model allows us to observe the institutional resources that workers can actively mobilize. We specifically focus on the characteristics of industrial relations and education institutional sub-systems. We apply the developed analytical model to the case of the Brazilian subsidiaries of a highly global multinational corporation (MNC). Brazil represents a context where institutional constraints (i.e. corporatist industrial relations and a dualist education system) make workers’ actions the least favorable. Moreover, the highly integrated organizational environment of the MNC further reinforces this aspect. In turn, this makes it more compelling to discover how workers can nevertheless strategically activate some resources to improve their conditions. We conduct a case study and collect empirical data through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. More specifically, we discuss three examples of workers’ “embedded agency” (i.e. election of a bilateral committee for the prevention of accidents; plant closure; and internship and training). These bring analytical attention to workers’ collective and individual actions as well as intra- and extra-subsidiary mobilization of institutional resources.
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Yeh, Chung-Yang, Hyunwook Cheng e Shih-Jiunn Shi. "Public–private pension mixes in East Asia: institutional diversity and policy implications for old-age security". Ageing and Society 40, n. 3 (25 settembre 2018): 604–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001137.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractPrevious studies of East Asian welfare regimes focus on similarities between social security schemes. In contrast, this paper explores cross-national variations in public–private pension mixes in six welfare states: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. Our research echoes the pension policy analysis of international organisations but takes a step forward with emphasis on the historical and institutional characteristics of the respective pension systems. The analysis identifies three institutional patterns. First, the statist pension system (Taiwan and China) primarily relies on public pensions to provide old-age security, with private pensions playing a rather minor role. Second, in the dualist pension system (Japan and Korea) both public and private pensions work in parallel to ensure retirement income, though a clear security gap exists between workers in the formal and informal economies. Finally, the individualist pension system (Hong Kong and Singapore) is characterised by genuine fully funded individual accounts, emphasising citizens’ own responsibilities for ensuring old-age security. These three types of pension systems demonstrate distinct institutional characteristics and policy outcomes, illustrated by the juxtaposition of their institutional structures as well as by the comparison of key indicators collected from government reports and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development statistics. The paper concludes with a theoretical reflection of East Asian pension policies and a diagnosis of the distinct challenges confronted by each of the various pension patterns.
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Säljö, Roger. "Från materialitet till sociomaterialitet". Techne serien - Forskning i slöjdpedagogik och slöjdvetenskap 28, n. 4 (23 dicembre 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/technea.4736.
Abstract (sommario):
Våra sätt att tala om kunskaper och färdigheter präglas av perspektiv och distinktioner som formulerades redan under Antiken, för mer än 2000 år sedan. Här etablerades motsättningar, dualismer, som den mellan teori och praktik, kropp och själ, och tanke och handling, som skulle få stor betydelse inte bara för vår syn på kunskap, utan också för hur vi uppfattar sociala roller. Genom dessa distinktioner etablerades en skillnad mellan intellektets/tänkandets aktiviteter och kroppens/ handens, som än idag reproduceras och som har konsekvenser. Vi talar exempelvis om teoretiska ämnen och praktisk/estetiska ämnen i skolan, och vissa yrken ses som praktiska och andra som teoretiska. Vetenskapliga discipliner formerades också med dessa dualismer som bakgrund, vissa handlar om kroppen, andra om psyket/själen/intellektet. Vi fick en uppdelning, compartmentalization som man säger på engelska, där en helhet – en människa – delades upp i delar som studerades var för sig (intellekt, minne, hjärna, styrka, hälsa m fl). Tanken är att kunskaper från dessa områden så småningom om ska kunna syntetiseras så att vi ska kunna uttala oss om helheten. Men detta är inte helt enkelt. Utgångspunkten för detta kapitel är att materialitet och interaktion med materiella föremål är grundläggande för lärande och utveckling hos individer, i institutioner och på samhällsnivå. Det är när våra insikter omsätts i materialitet, som de befästs och kan användas. Det är också genom interaktion med en fysisk och sociomateriell omvärld som vi lär och utvecklas. I kapitlet ges exempel på hur artefakter utvecklats och hur dessa samtidigt är manifestationer av kunskaper och tillika utgör en bas för utveckling av ”praktiska” kunskaper. Vi kan och lär genom att hantera artefakter och detta gäller alla slags kunskaper: språkliga, intellektuella, estetiska och sådana som innebär att vi hanterar och modifierar vår fysiska omvärld. Design är en grundläggande form av mänsklig kunskapsutveckling och här kan inte tanke och kropp skiljas åt.