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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Driving"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 7 luglio 2024

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1

del Riego, Alissa`. "Driving Diverse Representation of Diverse Classes". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, n. 56.1 (2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.56.1.driving.

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Why have federal courts overwhelmingly appointed white men to represent diverse consumer classes? Rule 23(g) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires courts to appoint the attorneys “best able to represent the interests of class members” to serve as class counsel. But courts’ recurrent conclusion that white men best fit the federally mandated job description not only gives the appearance of discrimination, but harms class members that suffer from outcomes plagued by groupthink and cognitive biases. This Article sets out to uncover why white male repeat players continue to dominate class counsel appointments and proposes a practical and immediately implementable solution for the judiciary to improve class counsel diversity. The Article examines all class action auto defect multidistrict litigation suits. By focusing on this subset of cases that span across five decades, it observes potential tendencies of certain courts (i.e., white, Republican-appointed, and female courts) to appoint white men and identifies different processes and criteria courts have implemented and considered that have resulted in the appointment of more female and minority attorneys. The Article finds, however, that the gender and racial gaps remain stark, largely because courts understandably place an almost dispositive value on attorneys’ prior experience serving as class counsel, a role white men have traditionally monopolized. It proposes a way to resolve this Catch-22 problem—a two-tier joint appointment structure that collectively evaluates the experience and diversity of counsel and removes the insurmountable entry barriers to the plaintiffs’ counsel class action bar.

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Berg, Simon, Back Tomas Ersson e Jussi Manner. "Distance driven and driving speed when forwarding during final felling in Central Sweden". Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 5 (31 maggio 2019): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2019-jfs.

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Factors affecting forwarding work are interesting because they can be used to better optimize forwarding routes and to predict costs. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between driving speed and driving distance when forwarding. Data was automatically collected during 2.5 years from two large forwarders operating during final felling in central Sweden. Driving speeds for the work tasks Driving unloaded, Loading drive and Driving loaded were analysed using correlation, least-squares regression, and quantile regression. The results showed that speed and distance were strongly correlated for the work element Driving unloaded, while the correlation was weaker for Loading drive and Driving loaded. Possible factors leading to these results are as follows: longer travelling distances stimulate better planning and the establishment of better extraction roads; operators may feel stressed and drive faster as travelling distance increases; and finally, the relative influence of accelerations and decelerations decreases with increasing driving distance. Also, the use of quantile regression was successful and provided information that normal least-squares regression does not provide.

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Channin, David S. "Driving Market-driven Engineering". Radiology 229, n. 2 (novembre 2003): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2292031199.

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Unseld, Robert. "Driving or Being Driven". ATZelectronics worldwide 14, n. 9 (settembre 2019): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-019-0100-y.

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Yamabe, Shigeyuki, Rencheng Zheng, Kimihiko Nakano e Yoshihiro Suda. "2C25 Muscle Fatigue Comparison of Eco-driving and Normal Driving". Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2010 (2010): _2C25–1_—_2C25–9_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2010._2c25-1_.

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T., Dr Manikandan. "Self Driving Car". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, n. 5 (31 marzo 2020): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201704.

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Jaworski, B., A. K. Kohli e A. Sahay. "Market-Driven Versus Driving Markets". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 28, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2000): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092070300281005.

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Al-Shalfan, Khalid A. "Auto Vehicle Driving Assistance". International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 5, n. 5 (ottobre 2015): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmlc.2015.v5.540.

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Vasile, Laurin, Barbara Seitz, Verena Staab, Magnus Liebherr, Christoph Däsch e Dieter Schramm. "Influences of Personal Driving Styles and Experienced System Characteristics on Driving Style Preferences in Automated Driving". Applied Sciences 13, n. 15 (31 luglio 2023): 8855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158855.

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As automated driving technology continues to advance, the question of how users prefer to be driven in their new, more passive role is becoming increasingly relevant. In this paper, a real-world study on a German motorway with 42 participants was conducted to analyze driving style preferences for conditional automated driving, taking the participants’ personal driving style into account. In the first part, participants’ personal driving style (PDS) was recorded during a manual drive in the first half on a given route. For the second half, participants were asked to demonstrate their desired driving style (DDS) for conditional automated driving. In the second part, participants were driven on the same route in a defensive automated vehicle (AV) while rating driving comfort and safety. Subsequently, the relationship between driving style differences and ratings was analyzed. Furthermore, a comparison between PDS and DDS was performed. The results show that very defensive to moderate drivers perceived the AV’s driving style, being similar to their own, as equally safe but significantly more comfortable than moderate to very aggressive drivers. No influence of driving style differences was found on the increase in trust. However, a significant increase in trust after experiencing an automated vehicle has been observed. Furthermore, the rated system characteristics of anthropomorphism, safety, and overall driving strategy had a significant influence on driving style preferences for AVs. This study makes an important contribution to answering the question of how users want to be driven in conditional automated driving.

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Yu, C. C., J. R. Bochinski, T. M. V. Kordich, T. W. Mossberg e Z. Ficek. "Driving the driven atom: Spectral signatures". Physical Review A 56, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1997): R4381—R4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.56.r4381.

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Mouatt, Simon. "Credit cycles: freewheeling, driving or driven?" International Journal of Social Economics 42, n. 7 (13 luglio 2015): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2014-0002.

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Purpose – The discourse on credit cycles has been reinvigorated following the global crisis. The purpose of this paper is to contrast the positions of mainstream, Marxist, Austrian and post-Keynesian (PK) schools of thought on these matters. It is posited that most notions underplay the significance of real economy factors in shaping the fluctuations of credit levels and relations. It is argued these ideas are best illustrated by Marx (as interpreted by the Temporal Single System Interpretation) and tendency for the profit rate to fall with accumulation. Empirical evidence on the UK profit rate is provided as supporting evidence. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the theoretical work on credit and business cycles from the relevant schools of thought and contrasts them. The aim is to consider which approach best describes the reality. Empirical work on the profit rate provides supporting evidence. Findings – It is argued that the mainstream view of monetary neutrality is an insufficient explanation of the financial reality associated with credit and business cycles. Instead, it is posited that the PK approach, which emphasizes productive and financial factors, is more preferable. This contrasts with the usual singular financialization commentary that is used to describe the financial crisis and real economy stagnation that followed. It is argued that Marx’s notion of falling profit and its ramifications best explain the reality of both the credit and business cycle. This is supported by the evidence. Research limitations/implications – It is problematic to calculate a Marxian rate of profit given the lack of suitable reported statistics. The research illustrates the significance of productive factors, especially the tendency for the profit rate to fall, in driving business cycles. There are, therefore, implications for government fiscal/monetary/industrial policies to reflect these factors when seeking to influence the business cycle. Practical implications – Policies that are designed to target levels of profitability are likely to be beneficial for capitalist sustainability. Social implications – The focus on profitability in the paper informs individuals working in business organizations of some of the imperatives facing corporations in a modern competitive environment. Originality/value – Whether financial factors drive the business cycle, or are themselves driven by it, is an important question given that policy prescriptions will differ depending on the answer. The recent financialization commentary, for instance, suggests that better regulation or reform of the financial sector will preclude unstable business cycles. The paper argues, in contrast, that the cause of the credit instability is rooted in production (following Marx) and that, therefore, a more production-focused policy response is required whilst recognizing the instabilities of the credit system. This latter point has a measure of originality in the current discourse.

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Filieri, Raffaele. "From market-driving to market-driven". Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, n. 3 (5 maggio 2015): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2014-0037.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on market-driven and market-driving management and analyzes the Benetton’s market orientation change from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Additionally, this study uses longitudinal data to measure the degree of success of the market-driven orientation. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a qualitative case study method and it discusses how Benetton has moved from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Findings – The paper analyzes the principal transformations the Benetton Group has gone through to implement a market-driven orientation, including the delocalization of the manufacturing and of trusted suppliers; the downstream integration process; the adoption of a flexible, efficient and responsive logistics; the implementation of a modern information systems infrastructure. Revenues data show that the company has benefited of the new orientation, but only in the short-run. Moreover, the early adoption of the market-driven orientation by competing firms (e.g. Zara) and the economic environment seem to play an influence on the performance of market-driven companies. Research limitations/implications – The single case study approach may limit the generalizability of the findings. However, this case study is unique and of high importance for managers in different industries. Originality/value – Although some studies have discussed the benefits of market-driven and market-driving orientations, no study has analysed how companies move from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Additionally, existing studies have proved market orientation’s influence on business performance using static measures. This study uses longitudinal data to show the effect of market-driven orientation on a company’s long-term competitive advantage.

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Kumar, Nirmalya, Lisa Scheer e Philip Kotler. "From market driven to market driving". European Management Journal 18, n. 2 (aprile 2000): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-2373(99)00084-5.

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Bakibillah, A. S. M., Md Abdus Samad Kamal, Chee Pin Tan, Tomohisa Hayakawa e Jun-Ichi Imura. "Event-Driven Stochastic Eco-Driving Strategy at Signalized Intersections From Self-Driving Data". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68, n. 9 (settembre 2019): 8557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2931519.

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McClane, Kenneth A. "Driving". Antioch Review 64, n. 4 (2006): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4615054.

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Meacham, Paul. "Driving". Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies 1997, n. 16 (1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/2168-569x.1238.

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Kenneth A. McClane. "Driving". Antioch Review 73, n. 1 (2015): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.73.1.0162.

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Kenneth A. McClane. "Driving". Antioch Review 76, n. 3 (2018): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.76.3.0540.

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Linton, Otha. "Driving". Academic Radiology 11, n. 6 (giugno 2004): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2004.01.021.

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Kildegaard, A. "Driving". Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 20, n. 4 (16 ottobre 2013): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/ist092.

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Friedman, Lisa. "Sustainability Driving Innovation/Innovation Driving Sustainability". International Journal of Innovation Science 3, n. 1 (marzo 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.3.1.1.

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Coelingh, Erik, Jonas Nilsson e Jude Buffum. "Driving tests for self-driving cars". IEEE Spectrum 55, n. 3 (marzo 2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2018.8302386.

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Dobbs, Bonnie M., Lori A. Harper e Ava Wood. "Transitioning From Driving to Driving Cessation". Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 25, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tgr.0000346058.32801.95.

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Lin, Jie, e D. A. Niemeier. "Regional driving characteristics, regional driving cycles". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 8, n. 5 (settembre 2003): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-9209(03)00022-1.

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&NA;. "Change driving habits or stop driving?" Nursing &NA; (ottobre 2008): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000338980.76035.be.

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Sagaspe, Patricia, Jacques Taillard, Torbjorn Åkerstedt, Virginie Bayon, Stéphane Espié, Guillaume Chaumet, Bernard Bioulac e Pierre Philip. "Extended Driving Impairs Nocturnal Driving Performances". PLoS ONE 3, n. 10 (22 ottobre 2008): e3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003493.

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Song, Jingeun, e Junepyo Cha. "Analysis of Driving Dynamics Considering Driving Resistances in On-Road Driving". Energies 14, n. 12 (9 giugno 2021): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123408.

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Internal combustion engine emissions are a serious worldwide problem. To combat this, emission regulations have become stricter with the goal of reducing the proportion of transportation emissions in global air pollution. In addition, the European Commission passed the real driving emissions–light-duty vehicles (RDE-LDV) regulation that evaluates vehicle emissions by driving on real roads. The RDE test is significantly dependent on driving conditions such as traffic or drivers. Thus, the RDE regulation has the means to evaluate driving dynamics such as the vehicle speed per acceleration (v·apos) and the relative positive acceleration (RPA) to determine whether the driving during these tests is normal or abnormal. However, this is not an appropriate way to assess the driving dynamics because the v⋅apos and the RPA do not represent engine load, which is directly related to exhaust emissions. Therefore, in the present study, new driving dynamic variables are proposed. These variables use engine acceleration calculated from wheel force instead of the acceleration calculated from the vehicle speed, so they are proportional to the engine load. In addition, a variable of driving dynamics during braking is calculated using the negative wheel force. This variable can be used to improve the accuracy of the emission assessment by analyzing the braking pattern.

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Vivoda, Jonathon M., Jiawei Cao, Athena Koumoutzis, Annie C. Harmon e Ganesh M. Babulal. "Planning for driving retirement: The effect of driving perceptions, driving events, and assessment of driving alternatives". Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 76 (gennaio 2021): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.11.007.

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Liu, Wei, Guohao Fan e Zixuan Liu. "Driving Factors in Carbon Emission Reduction in Prefabricated Building Supply Chains Based on Structural Equation Modelling". Sustainability 16, n. 8 (10 aprile 2024): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083150.

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As one of the development paths of construction industrialization, prefabricated buildings (PBs) are an important means for China’s construction industry to achieve the “double carbon” goal. To better leverage the energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits of prefabricated buildings, we have analyzed the driving factors and driving paths of carbon emission reduction in prefabricated buildings from the perspective of the supply chain. The carbon emission-reduction driving index system of prefabricated building supply chains (PBSCs) was constructed through the literature review method and the questionnaire investigation method. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship of each driving factor. The importance of each driving factor was quantitatively analyzed on account of the model’s operation results. The results showed: the order of importance of driver levels is technology-driven > economic-driven > market-driven > government-driven > supply chain coordination-driven. The key driving factors are summarized based on the ranking of driving factor indicators in each dimension, providing a reference for participants in PBSCs to adopt low-carbon measures and providing a basis for government departments to formulate carbon emission-reduction strategies.

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Schockenhoff, Ferdinand, Hannes Nehse e Markus Lienkamp. "Maneuver-Based Objectification of User Comfort Affecting Aspects of Driving Style of Autonomous Vehicle Concepts". Applied Sciences 10, n. 11 (6 giugno 2020): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113946.

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Driving maneuvers try to objectify user needs regarding the driving dynamics for a vehicle concept. As autonomous vehicles will not be driven by people, the driving style that merges the individual aspects of driving dynamics, like user comfort, will be part of the vehicle concept itself. New driving maneuvers are, therefore, necessary to objectify the driving style of autonomous vehicle concepts with all its interdependencies relating to the individual aspects. This paper presents a methodology to design such driving maneuvers and includes a pilot study and a user study. As an example, the methodology was applied to the parameters of user comfort and travel time. The driven maneuvers resulted in statistical equations to objectify the interdependencies of these two aspects. Finally, this paper provides an outlook for needed maneuvers in order to tackle the entire driving style with its multidimensional facets.

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Song, Yu Peng, Yong Fu Sun, Cheng Lin Cao e Shu Ling Li. "Study on Pile-Soil Interaction during Pile Sinking and Drivability of Pile in Offshore Platform". Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (aprile 2012): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.137.

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The main mode of pile-soil interaction and the influence factors of pile sinking in offshore platform construction were analyzed and discusses the reasons that penetration resistance increases after stop driving and then continue. To study the drivability of piles of specified driving hammer, taking a jacket platform of Bohai Sea for instance, the results showed that continuous driving will make the open-end steel piles be driven to the designed depth, and driven-on will cause soil plug and pile driving refusal. Based on the results, the paper gives some suggestions about pile driving.

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Qin, Zhaohui, Longzhu Chen, Chunyu Song e Lei Sun. "Field Tests to Investigate the Penetration Rate of Piles Driven by Vibratory Installation". Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7236956.

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Factors directly affecting the penetration rate of piles installed by vibratory driving technique are summarized and classified into seven aspects which are driving force, resistance, vibratory amplitude, energy consumption, speeding up at the beginning, pile plumbness keeping, and slowing down at the end, from the mechanism and engineering practice of the vibratory pile driving. In order to find out how these factors affect the penetration rate of the pile in three major actors of vibratory pile driving: (i) the pile to be driven, (ii) the selected driving system, and (iii) the imposed soil conditions, field tests on steel sheet piles driven by vibratory driving technique in different soil conditions are conducted. The penetration rates of three different sheet pile types having up to four different lengths installed using two different vibratory driving systems are documented. Piles with different lengths and types driven with or without clutch have different penetration rates. The working parameters of vibratory hammer, such as driving force and vibratory amplitude, have great influences on the penetration rate of the pile, especially at the later stages of the sinking process. Penetration rate of piles driven in different soil conditions is uniform because of the different penetration resistance including shaft friction and toe resistance.

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Wang, Ke-yi, Li-xun Zhang e Hao Meng. "Driving properties of plane wire-driven robot". Journal of Central South University 20, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-013-1459-1.

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Ma, Lijing, Shiru Qu, Lijun Song, Junxi Zhang e Jie Ren. "Human-like car-following modeling based on online driving style recognition". Electronic Research Archive 31, n. 6 (2023): 3264–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2023165.

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<abstract><p>Incorporating human driving style into car-following modeling is critical for achieving higher levels of driving automation. By capturing the characteristics of human driving, it can lead to a more natural and seamless transition from human-driven to automated driving. A clustering approach is introduced that utilized principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering algorithm to identify driving style types such as aggressive, moderate and conservative at the timestep level. Additionally, an online driving style recognition technique is developed based on the memory effect in driving behavior, allowing for real-time identification of a driver's driving style and enabling adaptive control in automated driving. Finally, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) has been improved through the incorporation of an online driving style recognition strategy into car-following modeling, resulting in a human-like IDM that emulates real-world driving behaviors. This enhancement has important implications for the field of automated driving, as it allows for greater accuracy and adaptability in modeling human driving behavior and may ultimately lead to more effective and seamless transitions between human-driven and automated driving modes. The results show that the time-step level driving style recognition method provides a more precise understanding of driving styles that accounts for both inter-driver heterogeneity and intra-driver variation. The proposed human-like IDM performs well in capturing driving style characteristics and reproducing driving behavior. The stability of this improved human-like IDM is also confirmed, indicating its reliability and effectiveness. Overall, the research suggests that the proposed model has promising performance and potential applications in the field of automated driving.</p></abstract>

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Mohd Norzam, Muhammad Nur Aliff, Juffrizal Karjanto, Nidzamuddin Md. Yusof, Muhammad Zahir Hassan, Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli e Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid. "Analysis of User’s Comfort on Automated Vehicle Riding Simulation using Subjective and Objective Measurements". Automotive Experiences 5, n. 2 (9 maggio 2022): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.6913.

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The naturalistic study investigated the potential influence of personal driving preferences (assertive and defensive driving style) on users; comfort when being driven in an automated vehicle with a defensive driving style. Adopted the Wizard of Oz design, the study involved three phases: pre-, during, and post-driven to measure their comfort, perceived safety, and likeness as well as motion sickness propensity through self-report questionnaire and heart rate variation. After answering a set of questionnaires, participants were exposed to simulated driving in an automated vehicle with a defensive driving style. A statistical analysis produced no statistically significant difference between assertive and defensive participants. This indicates an overall preference, perceived comfort without severe motion sickness propensity to the defensive driving style of the autonomous vehicle, regardless of participants’ personal driving styles.

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Won, Jae-Kyung, e Sang-Heon Lee. "Effect of Driving Simulator Training on Patients' Driving Performance and Self-Efficacy with Paraplegia due to Spinal Cord Injury". Korean Society of Medicine & Therapy Science 15, n. 2 (30 novembre 2023): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31321/kmts.2023.15.2.37.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of driving simulator training on the driving performance and self-efficacy of paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury. Method: Driving simulator training was provided to 12 participants with within subjects design, three sessions of basic driving, seven sessions of driving on the driving simulator. After training, performance time and operational performance scores, self-efficacy were analyzed. Results: This study found that the intervention by the driving simulator had statistically significant effects on driving time, performance error, ‘Sudden start’, ‘No neutral gear when stopping’, and ‘Speed violation’ and ‘Social self-efficacy’ of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients (p<.05). Conclusion: Driving simulator training can be a strategy to improve driving performance and social self-efficacy of paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury. Also, patients need sufficient sessions more than 10 times of driving simulator training.

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Mühl, Kristin, Christoph Strauch, Christoph Grabmaier, Susanne Reithinger, Anke Huckauf e Martin Baumann. "Get Ready for Being Chauffeured". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, n. 8 (9 settembre 2019): 1322–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819872893.

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Objective We investigated passenger’s trust and preferences using subjective, qualitative, and psychophysiological measures while being driven either by human or automation in a field study and a driving simulator experiment. Background The passenger’s perspective has largely been neglected in autonomous driving research, although the change of roles from an active driver to a passive passenger is incontrovertible. Investigations of passenger’s appraisals on self-driving vehicles often seem convoluted with active manual driving experiences instead of comparisons with being driven by humans. Method We conducted an exploratory field study using an autonomous research vehicle ( N = 11) and a follow-up experimental driving simulation ( N = 24). Participants were driven on the same course by a human and an autonomous agent sitting on a passenger seat. Skin conductance, trust, and qualitative characteristics of the perceived driving situation were assessed. In addition, the effect of driving style (defensive vs. sporty) was evaluated in the simulator. Results Both investigations revealed a close relation between subjective trust ratings and skin conductance, with increased trust and by trend reduced arousal for human compared with automation in control. Even though driving behavior was equivalent in the simulator when being driven by human and automation, passengers most preferred and trusted the human-defensive driver. Conclusion Individual preferences for driving style and human or autonomous vehicle control influence trust and subjective driving characterizations. Application The findings are applicable in human-automation research, reminding to not neglect subjective attributions and psychophysiological reactions as a result of ascribed control duties in relation to specific execution characteristics.

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Lin, Yongshui, Xinge Geng, Qingjia Chi, Chunli Wang e Zhen Wang. "Driving Forces of the Bubble-Driven Tubular Micromotor Based on the Full Life-Cycle of the Bubble". Micromachines 10, n. 6 (21 giugno 2019): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060415.

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Micromotors show many advantages in practical applications, including small size, large push-to-weight ratio, and low power consumption. Micromotors have been widely used in a variety of applications, including cell manipulation, payload delivery, and removal of toxic components. Among them, bubble-driven micromotors have received great attention due to their large driving force and high speed. The driving force of the bubble-driven micromotor movement comes from the four stages of the life cycle of the bubble: nucleation, growth, slip, and ejection. At present, investigators are still unclear about the driving mechanism of the bubble-driven micromotors, the source of the driving force being still especially controversial. In response to this problem, this paper combines the mass transfer model, hydrodynamic theory, and numerical simulation to explain the driving force generated by the various stages of the life-cycle of the bubble. A mass transfer model was used to calculate the driving force of the motor contributed by the bubble nucleation and slip stage. Based on equilibrium of force and conservation of energy, a theoretical model of the driving force of the tubular micromotor in the growth and ejection stage of the bubble was established. The results show that the driving force contributed by the bubble in the nucleation and the slip stage is rather small. However, the stage of bubble growth and ejection provide most of the driving force. On further evaluating the effect of the bubble driving force on the motor speed, it was found that the growth stage plays a major role in the motion of the bubble-driven micromotor. The micromotor velocity based on the driving forces of the full life-cycle of bubbles agrees well with the experimental results.

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39

YANO, Yuki, Dinh Tuan TRAN e Joo-Ho LEE. "Hybrid driving method of manual driving and autonomous driving in personal mobility". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2022 (2022): 2P1—P09. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2022.2p1-p09.

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40

Jang, Woo Jin, Jin Gahk Kim, Sang Hun Lee e Dong Hwan Kim. "Mechanism design for walking typed solar panel-cleaning robot using triple driving lines". IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 12, n. 1 (1 marzo 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v12i1.pp1-19.

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<span lang="EN-US">In this study, we propose a walking-type solar power cleaning robot mechanism driven by a driving unit composed of three driving lines. The triple driving lines are driven using a link mechanism, and vacuum pads are attached to each driving line to move the robot body through a sequence operation between the three lines. Through this mechanism, the robot body can be moved horizontally with the panel without folding the pad, and the amount of vertical movement is minimized during movement. By analyzing the pressure patterns of the pads on the driving line, smooth and fast movement was possible.</span>

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41

Mosa, Qusay O., Ali Saeed Alfoudi, Ahmed A. Brisam, Abayomi M. Otebolaku e Gyu Myoung Lee. "Driving Active Contours to Concave Regions". Webology 19, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2022): 5131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19345.

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Broken characters restoration represents the major challenge of optical character recognition (OCR). Active contours, which have been used successfully to restore ancient documents with high degradations have drawback in restoring characters with deep concavity boundaries. Deep concavity problem represents the main obstacle, which has prevented Gradient Vector Flow active contour in converge to objects with complex concavity boundaries. In this paper, we proposed a technique to enhance (GVF) active contour using particle swarm optimization (PSO) through directing snake points (snaxels) toward correct positions into deep concavity boundaries of broken characters by comparing with genetic algorithms as an optimization method. Our experimental results showed that particle swarm optimization outperform on genetic algorithm to correct capturing the converged areas and save spent time in optimization process.

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42

Nasritdinov, A., Jahongir Qosimov, Umida Nasritdinova, Unarbek Edilboyev e M. Hayitova. "PARALLEL DRIVING SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY". JOURNAL OF AGRO PROCESSING 5, n. 1 (30 maggio 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2019-5-4.

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43

D S, Sri Ramu, e Kaparthi Sai Vandana. "AI Technology in Self-Driving Cars". International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, n. 5 (10 maggio 2023): 1602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.234.5.40276.

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44

Yang, Xiao Yu, Dan Li e Peng Jun Zheng. "Effects of Eco-Driving on Driving Performance". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maggio 2012): 2859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2859.

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This paper investigates the effects of two driving behaviors on driving performance, the driving with eco-driving support and the general driving. Through observing and analyzing these driving behaviors in a variety of situations, driving performance under conditions of with and without eco-driving was evaluated. Based on the measurements on fuel consumption, speed control and gear use, it was found that eco-driving device can guide drivers to take proper driving behavior, such as in which way to drive and how to drive in order to achieve energy saving. The paper revealed the effects of eco-driving and how to drive efficiently.

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45

Engelmann, Danilo, Yan Zimmerli, Jan Czerwinski e Peter Bonsack. "Real Driving Emissions in Extended Driving Conditions". Energies 14, n. 21 (4 novembre 2021): 7310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217310.

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The real driving emission (RDE) testing for certification of vehicles is performed in conditions that are well defined in legislation. For emissions inventories and for research, the influences of some extended driving conditions on emissions are an interesting issue. In the present work, some examples of RDE results from two common passenger cars with gasoline and diesel propulsion are given. The varying driving conditions were “winter/summer”, “mild/aggressive”, and “higher altitude/slop”. The driving conditions: “winter”, “aggressive”, and “higher slope/altitude” generally require more energy, cause higher fuel consumption, and therefore, higher CO2-emissions. The condition of “winter driving”, especially in the urban type of operation, may cause some longer phases with not enough warmed-up exhaust aftertreatment and consequently some increased gaseous emissions. The DPF eliminates the nanoparticles (PN) independently on the driving conditions. Nevertheless, the DPF regeneration has an influence on the CO2-normality of the trip. The CO2-normality primary tolerance range can also be exceeded with aggressive driving. The elaborated results confirm the usefulness of the existing legal limits for the driving conditions of RDE homologation tests.

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46

Oh,Jutaek, Tae-Young Heo, Jun-Seok Park e 이상용. "Analysis of Driving Pattern and Eco-Driving". Journal of Transport Research 18, n. 1 (marzo 2011): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34143/jtr.2011.18.1.27.

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47

Allahyari, Teimour, Gebraeil Nasi Saraji, Javad Adi, Mostafa Hosseini, Mahmood Iravani, Masood Younesian e Steven J. Kass. "Cognitive Failures, Driving Errors and Driving Accidents". International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 14, n. 2 (gennaio 2008): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2008.11076759.

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48

Parker, Dianne, James T. Reason, Antony S. R. Manstead e Stephen G. Stradling. "Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement". Ergonomics 38, n. 5 (maggio 1995): 1036–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139508925170.

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49

Wood, Joanne M., Alex A. Black, Kerry Mallon, Ravi Thomas e Cynthia Owsley. "Glaucoma and Driving: On-Road Driving Characteristics". PLOS ONE 11, n. 7 (29 luglio 2016): e0158318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158318.

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50

Tu, Huizhao, Zhenfei Li, Hao Li, Ke Zhang e Lijun Sun. "Driving Simulator Fidelity and Emergency Driving Behavior". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2518, n. 1 (gennaio 2015): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2518-15.

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