Tesi sul tema "Driving"
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1
Selander, Helena. "Driving assessment and driving behaviour". Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19841.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction Driving is an important part of everyday life and represents independence. Activities, both productive and social, may be affected if a person can no longer drive. Older drivers, as a group, have a low crash rate. On the other hand, driving may be affected by medical conditions in this group, for example dementia or stroke, which often call into question a person’s fitness to drive. However, there are older drivers who may benefit from compensatory strategies to prevent driving cessation. Aim The aim of the thesis was to examine driving assessments methods, both off-and on-road tests, and if an intervention may improve driving behaviour for older adults. The specific aims were to: examine how occupational therapists (OTs) are involved in driving assessments in Sweden, what methods are used and how these assessments are performed; determine whether the commonly used cognitive test battery, the NorSDSA, could predict an on-road test results for stroke and cognitive deficits/dementia participants; investigate driving errors characteristic in older drivers without cognitive impairments and identify relationships between off-road and on-road tests results; investigate whether automatic transmission, compared with manual transmission, may improve driving behaviour of older and younger drivers. Methods In Study I, a questionnaire was sent to 154 geriatric, rehabilitation and neurological clinics and additionally directly to 19 OTs. In Study II, data consisted of test results from 195 clients who had completed a fitness to drive assessment. In Study III, 85 older volunteer drivers were assessed regarding their vision, cognition and driving behaviour. In Study IV, 31 older drivers and 32 younger drivers were assessed twice on the same fixed route; once in a car with manual transmission and once in a car with automatic transmission. Results Driving assessments were carried out by OTs in various manners and diverse methods were used. Most OTs used off-road tests; tests developed specifically for driving assessments or un-standardised activity assessments. Even though few off-road tests can predict driving performance, only 19 % of the OTs used on-road test. The off-road test NorSDSA could neither predict an outcome of an on-road test for stroke clients, nor for cognitive deficits/dementia clients. Some of the older volunteer drivers displayed questionable driving behaviour, although they were fit to drive and a total of 21 % failed the on-road test. Using automatic instead of manual transmission was shown to improve older, but not younger drivers’ driving behaviour. Conclusions For OTs in Sweden, driving assessments are challenging, since there are no specified guidelines regarding the appropriate assessment tools. Assessors often solely rely on cognitive test(s) when assessing their clients. NorSDSA should not be used as a stand-alone test when determining fitness to drive. The lack of guidelines can be problematic for OTs, but also for the clients, since there is a risk that they do not receive a valid and reliable assessment. To perform these kinds of assessments there is a need for specialised training. On-road assessments are seen as the gold standard but that standard needs to encompass driving problems or errors that are “normal” driving behaviours in older persons. To switch from manual to automatic transmission may be a way to assist older drivers to continue driving and maintain the quality of their transport mobility.
2
Ahmadi, Lina. "Green Driving Application : Eco Driving". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30351.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eco-driving has acquired great importance in recent years because it is a way to reduce energy consumption that can be applied to any type of vehicle. However, for these rules to be applied requires a process of continuous learning and motivation. For this reason many eco-driving assistants have emerged. This paper presents Green Driving, a driver safety app for Android that detects inattentive driving behaviors and gives corresponding feedback to drivers, scoring their driving and alerting them in case their behaviors are unsafe. It’s about changing a person’s driving behavior by providing some kind of advice to the driver. I have worked on an algorithm that is meant to reduce the fuel consumption of users. The algorithm is deployed in an android application. This application “Green Driving” is aimed at users with cars. It is basically like an assistant, suggesting the user when he should make the right gear changes, when to increase/decrease speed and avoids hard braking and rapid acceleration and etc. It is in order to drive economically, ecologic and in turn save money and safety. This is a smart way of letting a user drive economically and ecologic since almost everyone has an Android smartphone now.
3
Ozatay, Engin. "Driving Profile Optimization for Everyday Driving". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408915508.
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Fang, Youjia. "Modeling Driving Risk Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65151.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Traffic safety research targets at understanding the cause of crash, preventing the crash, and mitigating crash severity. This dissertation focuses on the driver-related traffic safety issues, in particular, on developing and implementing contemporary statistical modeling techniques on driving risk research on Naturalistic Driving Study data. The dissertation includes 5 chapters. In Chapter 1, I introduced the backgrounds of traffic safety research and naturalistic driving study. In Chapter 2, the state-of-practice statistical methods were implemented on individual driver risk assessment using NDS data. The study showed that critical-incident events and driver demographic characteristics can serve as good predictors for identifying risky drivers. In Chapter 3, I developed and evaluated a novel Bayesian random exposure method for Poisson regression models to account for situations where the exposure information needs to be estimated. Simulation studies and real data analysis on Cellphone Pilot Analysis study data showed that, random exposure models have significantly better model fitting performances and higher parameter coverage probabilities as compared to traditional fixed exposure models. The advantage is more apparent when the values of Poisson regression coefficients are large. In Chapter 4, I performed comprehensive simulation-based performance analyses to investigate the type-I error, power and coverage probabilities on summary effect size in classical meta-analysis models. The results shed some light for reference on the prospective and retrospective performance analysis in meta-analysis research. In Chapter 5, I implemented classical- and Bayesian-approach multi-group hierarchical models on 100-Car data. Simulation-based retrospective performance analyses were used to investigate the powers and parameter coverage probabilities among different hierarchical models. The results showed that under fixed-effects model context, complex secondary tasks are associated with higher driving risk.Ph. D.
5
Mak, Chin-ho, e 麥展豪. "From drunk driving to drink driving in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978605.
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Yedavelly, Divya. "PERFORMANCE EXHIBITED BY DRIVING SIMULATION PARTICIPANTS UNDER PROLONGED DRIVING". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1507899307603164.
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Mak, Chin-ho. "From drunk driving to drink driving in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20731656.
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Golshani, Nima. "Analysis of aggressive driving behavior| A driving simulation study". Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600753.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aggressive driving behavior is the cause of a large percentage of accidents and fatalities, and it is growing every year. In several cases some drivers perceive their driving as non-aggressive when in fact they drive aggressively. To investigate factors affecting perceived (self-reported) and observed (based on the data from a driving simulation experiment) aggressive driving behavior, four fixed effect bivariate ordered probit models for three categories of aggressive driving behavior (i.e., observed and perceived non-aggressive, somewhat aggressive and very aggressive driving) are estimated. The models simultaneously account for panel data effects and cross equation error correlation. To further address unobserved heterogeneity, six grouped random parameter bivariate probit models for two outcomes (observed and perceived non-aggressive and aggressive driving) are estimated. Each model type is estimated using different barriers as driving behavior separators (either physical barriers in the distribution, or basic statistical measures). The results show that different socio-demographic characteristics, driving experience and exposure, and behavioral information of the participants affect the observed and the perceived aggressive driving behavior. The proposed approach, as a whole, provides an incremental step towards better understanding the different factors that affect the observed and the perceived aggressive driving behavior.
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Tsegay, Haftom Tesfay. "Vibration caused by sheet pile driving- effect of driving equipment". Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In many construction works in urban areas vibratory driving is the most widely used technique toinstall sheet piles. But due to vibration-sensitive equipment and structures the amount of inducedground vibration need to be minimized. Hence, it is important to select appropriate vibratorparameters that will minimize the level of induced ground vibration.The main objective of this thesis is to study the effect of the vibratory parameter eccentricmoment (vibrator displacement amplitude) on the induced ground vibration during sheet piledriving. To achieve the objective, a literature review and a full-scale field test has beenconducted. The literature review was conducted to provide guidance for the evaluation of thefield test results.The field study was performed in Uppsala in June 2018, where a series of six sheet pile drivingtests were conducted, the first three sheet piles were driven with lower vibrator displacementamplitude and the next three with higher vibrator displacement amplitude, but the same drivingfrequency was used for all six sheet piles. Five tri-axial accelerometers were used to measure thevibration amplitude on vibrator, sheet pile and ground.Important findings of the field study confirmed that, driving sheet piles with higher eccentricmoment will induce lower ground vibration and higher sheet pile penetration speed incomparison to driving with lower eccentric moment. Limitations and possible future researchworks are pointed out.I många byggnadsarbeten i tätorter är vibrerade drivning den mest använda tekniken för attinstallera sponter. Men på grund av vibrationskänslig utrustning och konstruktioner måstemängden inducerad markvibration minimeras. Därför är det viktigt att välja lämpligavibratorparametrar som minimerar graden av inducerad markvibration.Huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete är att studera effekten av vibrationsparameternsexcentriskamoment (vibratorförskjutningsamplituden) på den inducerade markvibrationen underspontdrivning. För att uppnå målet har en litteraturöversikt och en fullskalig fältundersökning utförts. Litteraturstudien genomfördes för att ge underlag för utvärderingen av fältundersökningenresultanten.Fältstudien utfördes i Uppsala i juni 2018, där en serie av sex spontdrivnings test utfördes, deförsta tre sponten kördes med lägre vibrator-förskjutningsamplitud och de närmaste tre medhögre vibrator-förskjutningsamplitud, men samma körfrekvens användes för alla sex sponter.Fem treaxiala accelerometrar användes för att mäta vibrationsamplituden på vibratorn, spontenoch jorden.Slutsatserna från fältstudien bekräftade att körsponter med högre excentriskt moment kommer attinducera lägre vibrationer och högre penetrationshastighet för sponten i jämförelse med körningmed lägre excentriskt moment. Begränsningar och möjliga framtida forskningsarbeten påpekas.
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Mabbott, Nicholas. "Monitoring device for early warning signs of operator fatigue in open cut mines /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060809.93310.
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Maisser, Peter, e Peter Tenberge. "Advanced Driving Systems". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200201248.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modern product development is a highly complex process characterized by a pronounced interdisciplinary cooperation. Interdisciplinary cooperation accompanied with firm strategic and integrating concep ts leads to innovation potentials in context of cooperative product engineering. The phrase "Mechatronics" represents exactly these novel methodological concepts in the developing process of innova tive products with highly innovative functionality and structure. The concept Mechatronics has been exemplary proven successfully in high-tech sectors. A glance at the automobile or high speed train technology gives an impressive and pursuing figure of the far reach ing Mechatronics philosophy. SME in general have not enough research and development resources to their disposal in order to comply with the ever increasing market demands. Ways out of this dilemma are strategic alliances on one hand and the education of young "Mechatronicans" at universities on the other hand. ISOM 2002 aims to contribute by inviting SME representatives and students from universities and supplementary instit utions in Saxony. The key words of Mechatronics are sensors and actuators, integrated control strategies, modeling and simulation, effective design, safety and reliability. The symposium focuses on state-of-the-art in Mechatronics, especially regarding to controlled high precision systems and particularly to novel electromechanical driving systems. It will point toward future research directions in these subjects. ISOM 2002 is intended as a forum for those engineers and researchers from universities and industry in and outside Europe who actively participate in the young field of Mechatronics and uphold the old spirit of exchanging theoretical and practical results within the scientific communityDie moderne industrielle Produktentwicklung ist ein hochkomplexer Prozess, der gekennzeichnet ist durch eine stark ausgeprägte interdisziplinäre Arbeit. Diese Interdisziplinarität gepaart mit fundiert en Strategie- und Integrationskonzepten führt zu erheblichen Innovationspotentialen im kooperativen Produkt-Engineering. Das Kunstwort Mechatronik steht genau für dieses neuartige methodologische Konz ept im Entwicklungsprozess innovativer Produkte mit einem hohen Integrationsgrad von Funktionalität und Struktur. Die Industrie hat in vielen High-Tech-Bereichen das Konzept Mechatronik beispielhaft realisiert. Ein Blick auf die Automobil- und Hochgeschwindigkeitszugtechnik zeigt in eindrucksvoller Weise die Tr agfähigkeit der Mechatronik-Philosophie. KMU verfügen oft nicht über das erforderliche FuE-Personal und die entsprechenden materiellen Ressourcen, um das enorme Entwicklungstempo mitzugehen. Wege zur Überwindung dieser Defizite sind strategi sche Allianzen und eine gezielte Ausbildung von Mechatronikern an Hoch- und Fachschulen. Auch hierzu soll das Symposium einen Beitrag leisten, indem insbesondere Vertreter von KMU und Studenten der ga stgebenden Universität sowie anderer Hochschuleinrichtungen Sachsens eingeladen wurden. Zu den Schlüsselworten in der Mechatronik gehören Sensoren und Aktoren, integrierte Steuerstrategien, Modellierung und Simulation, effektiver Entwurf, Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit. Der derzeitige Sta nd der Mechatronikforschung, vor allem mit Blick auf hochgenaue, gesteuerte mechatronische Systeme und insbesondere neuartige integrierte elektromechanische Antriebssysteme, soll im Mittelpunkt dieses Symposiums stehen. Auch zukünftige Forschungsaufgaben für die Grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierte Forschung in den genannten Themenbereichen sollen aufgezeigt werden. Das Symposium versteht sich als Treffpunkt für diejenigen Forscher und Entwickler, die in Europa an Hochschulen ebenso wie in der Industrie auf diesem Gebiet aktiv sind und sich auf einen Austausch th eoretischer, experimenteller und anwendungsspezifischer Erfahrungen, die bei der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit auf dem noch jungen Gebiet der Mechatronik erlangt wurden, freuen
12
Jackson, Elizabeth Wood. "Driving Through Dusk". NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03132009-145003/.
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EKESUND, JACOB. "Self-driving car". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191188.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Imagine to be able to catch a little more sleep on your way to work or school, drive home after a night at the bar or watch a movie on a long road trip. All these things have never been possible before without someone else driving the car, until recent years. Autonomous cars or self-driving cars is being introduced to society more and more and will be the next big step in the progression of personal cars. There are a number of factors that decides how fast this new technology will be adopted. Safety, reliability, ethics and cost to name a few. This project will focus on the cost aspect of self-driving cars by examine if ultrasonic sensors can be used to develop a cheap self-driving car and thereby reach a broad customer base. To determine this a small scale prototype car was built and tested in a highway cruising situation and the results showed that the prototype was able to drive itself.Tänk dig att kunna sova några extra minuter på väg till jobbet eller skolan, köra hem efter en natt i baren eller titta på film under en lång bilresa. Dessa saker har tidigare bara varit möjligt genom att ha en annan person som kör bilen, tills nu. Självstyrande bilar håller på att introduceras till samhället mer och mer och kommer vara det nästa stora steg som bilindustrin kommer ta. Det finns flera faktorer som bestämmer hur snabbt den här teknologin kommer adopteras. Säkerhet, pålitlighet, etik och kostnad för att nämna några. Det här projektet kommer att fokusera på kostnadsaspekten gällande självstyrande bilar, genom att undersöka om ultraljudssensorer kan användas vid utvecklandet av en självstyrande bil och på så sätt kunna hålla nere kostnaderna och nå en bredare kundbas. För att fastställa detta byggdes en småskalig prototypbil och testades i en simulation av motorvägskörning. Resultatet av testerna visar att bilen kunde köra sig själv med endast information från ultraljudssenorerna.
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Бойко, А. М. "Self-driving cars". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10631.
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Dula, Chris S. "Validity and Reliability Assessment of a Dangerous Driving Self-Report Measure". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26606.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) was created to measure drivers' self-reported propensity to drive dangerously (Dula & Ballard, in press). In the early stages of development, the DDDI and each of its subscales (Dangerous Driving Total, Aggressive Driving, Negative Emotional Driving, and Risky Driving) were found to have strong internal reliability (alphas from .83 to .92), and there was evidence of construct validity.
In Study One, the alpha coefficient of .91 for the DDDI Total scale indicated excellent internal reliability for the measure and good internal reliability was demonstrated for its subscales with coefficient alphas equal to .81 for the DDDI Risky Driving subscale, .79 for the DDDI Negative Emotional subscale, and the DDDI Aggressive Driving subscale. Additionally, convergent and divergent validity was shown for the DDDI, but evidence was weaker for the validity of the separate subscales. Factor analysis demonstrated that the DDDI seemed to measure a unitary construct.
In Study Two, coefficients of stability were generated from a four-week test-retest procedure, which were .76 for the DDDI Risky Driving subscale, .68 for the DDDI Negative Emotional subscale, .55 for the DDDI Aggressive Driving subscale, and .73 for the DDDI Total. In Study Three, the percentage of variance accounted for in criterion variables by different models ranged from 13.6% to 47.7%, where the DDDI Negative Emotional and DDDI Total scales frequently accounted for large portions of variance. In Study Four, the percent of variance accounted for in criterion variables by different models ranged from 22.0% to 65.6%, where some of the DDDI scales were regularly found to account for significant variance.
Thus, it was concluded that the DDDI is a measure with high levels of internal reliability and reasonable stability across time, and that face, construct, and predictive validity was demonstrated. However, the evidence in support of the present division of subscales was weak, though present. Therefore, should further data fail to produce more substantial evidence for the validity of the DDDI subscales, a singular dangerous driving measure would be warranted, and the number of items should be shortened as guided by results from factorial analysis.Ph. D.
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Yasar, Ansar-Ul-Haque, e Adeel Jameel. "A Computational Analysis of Driving Variations in a Distributed Simulated Driving Environment". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This Master thesis report is the research conducted at the Linköping University (LiU) in the Cognitive Engineering group. This report describes and discusses the possible driving variations at T-intersections. In this study we tested how voice based command (GPS) system and traffic lights did influence the driving behavior. This computational study was conducted on a multi user driving simulation environment at Linköping University. A total of 12 groups each consisting of 4 persons participated in this study. The participants also completed a survey on paper with their valuable comments. To study the driving behavior we analyzed the conflict indicators at the Tintersection. We selected Post Encroachment Time (PET), speed and acceleration as good conflict indicators.
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Ali, Syed. "Towards Human-Like Automated Driving| Learning Spacing Profiles from Human Driving Data". Thesis, Wayne State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637971.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For automated driving vehicles to be accepted by their users and safely integrate with traffic involving human drivers, they need to act and behave like human drivers. This not only involves understanding how the human driver or occupant in the automated vehicle expects their vehicle to operate, but also involves how other road users perceive the automated vehicle’s intentions. This research aimed at learning how drivers space themselves while driving around other vehicles. It is shown that an optimized lane change maneuver does create a solution that is much different than what a human would do. There is a need to learn complex driving preferences from studying human drivers.
This research fills the gap in terms of learning human driving styles by providing an example of learned behavior (vehicle spacing) and the needed framework for encapsulating the learned data. A complete framework from problem formulation to data gathering and learning from human driving data was formulated as part of this research. On-road vehicle data were gathered while a human driver drove a vehicle. The driver was asked to make lane changes for stationary vehicles in his path with various road curvature conditions and speeds. The gathered data, as well as Learning from Demonstration techniques, were used in formulating the spacing profile as a lane change maneuver. A concise feature set from captured data was identified to strongly represent a driver’s spacing profile and a model was developed. The learned model represented the driver’s spacing profile from stationary vehicles within acceptable statistical tolerance. This work provides a methodology for many other scenarios from which human-like driving style and related parameters can be learned and applied to automated vehicles
18
TSUCHIDA, Nuio, Shigeru OKUMA, Tatsuya SUZUKI, Soichiro HAYAKAWA, Yoshimichi MATSUI e Jong-Hae KIM. "Acquisition and Modeling of Driving Skills by Using Three Dimensional Driving Simulator". Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14989.
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Vazquez, Perez Jose. "Personality Factors, Age, and Aggressive Driving: A Validation Using a Driving Simulator". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between age, personality factors and aggressive driving behavior. In Study 1, 1122 volunteers completed an online survey that included questionnaires on demographic data, personality factors, and driving behavior. Personality factors were measured using the Revised Competitiveness Index, the Sensation Seeking Scale, the Big Five Inventory, and the Cook Medley Hostility Scale, whereas aggressive driving behavior was measured using the Aggressive Driving Behavior Scale (ADBS). The majority of the volunteers were female (786 versus 336), while ages ranged from 18 to 87. In Study 2, 98 volunteers from Study 1 were recruited to perform driving simulations on two scenarios. These volunteers consisted of 52 females and 46 males, with ages ranging from 18 to 83. Results from both studies produced positive correlations between aggressive driving behavior and competitiveness, sensation seeking, hostility, extraversion, and neuroticism, while negative correlations were obtained between aggressive driving behavior and age, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. No significant correlation was obtained between gender and aggressive driving behavior. Most importantly, scores in the ADBS were positively correlated to a composite of scores measuring aggressive driving behavior in the simulator. This pattern of results not only validates the ADBS, but it also provides another mechanism to study aggressive driving behavior.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Human Factors Psychology
20
Ramsey, David Jeremy. "Newly Licensed Teenaged Drivers: A Field Study Evaluation of Eye Glance Patterns on Straight Road Segments". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33384.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is extensive evidence indicating that teenaged drivers are over-represented in automobile crashes. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds, accounting for over 40% of all fatalities for this age group. Although teen drivers account for only 6.3% of the driving population, they account for 14% of all traffic fatalities (TSF, 2004). Currently there is a lack of continuous and naturalistic data in the field of teenaged driving. The purpose of this study was to obtain continuous performance data from a naturalistic setting by equipping the personal vehicles of newly licensed teenaged drivers with a data collection system for the first six months of driving. Specifically, this study examined the eye scanning patterns of newly licensed teenaged drivers and experienced parent drivers on straight road segment. This study provides insight into the development and change of eye-glance behaviors over the first six months of driving, the differences between novice teenaged drivers and experienced parent drivers, and how passenger presence affects eye scanning patterns. Results from this study found significant differences between novice teenaged drivers and experienced adult drivers. The results showed that teenaged drivers had much shorter glance durations away from the forward roadway and allocated a higher percentage of their glances to locations that were considered driving-related when compared to the experienced adult group. Results from the study also showed when one passenger was present in the vehicle teenaged drivers tended to have a higher percentage of time spent with their eyes off of the forward roadway.Master of Science
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Morgan, Justin. "HYSTERESIS EFFECTS IN DRIVING". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3236.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation presents two studies examining the interaction between workload history and driver mental workload. The first experiment focuses on testing for the presence of a hysteresis effect in the driving task. The second experiment examines the proposition that cueing impending periods of higher task demand can reduce the impact of any such potential hysteresis effects. Thirty-two licensed drivers served as participants and all served in both studies. Using the directions provided by a Heads-Up-Display navigation system, participants followed a pre-set route in the simulated environment. At specified points within the drive, the navigation system would purposefully fail which required drivers to relay a ten digit alphanumeric error code to a remote operator in order to reset the system. Results indicated that this increase in task demand from the navigation system's failure leads to a significant increase in perceived mental workload as compared to pre-failure periods. This increase in driver mental workload was not significantly reduced by the time the drive ended, indicating the presence of a hysteresis effect. In the second experiment, the navigation system provided a completely reliable visual warning before failure. Results indicate that cueing had neither an effect on perceived mental workload, nor any ameliorating effect on the hysteretic type effect seen in mental workload recovery. The conclusion of these findings being that the overall safety and efficiency of the surface transportation system would likely improve by designs which accommodate the periods immediately following a reduction in stress. Whether from leaving high demand areas such as work zones or in the period immediately after using a in-car information device such as a GPS or a cell phone, these post-high workload periods are associated with increased variability in driver inputs and levels of mental workload.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
22
Dyason, Marilyn Dorothy. "Driving competitive continuous improvement". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310396.
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Ismail, Rozmi bin. "Absent-mindedness while driving". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299711.
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Toledo, Tomer 1969. "Integrating driving behavior modeling". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29285.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D .)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-197).
A framework for integrated driving behavior modeling, based on the concepts of short-term goal and short-term plan is proposed. Drivers are assumed to conceive and perform short-term plans in order to accomplish short-term goals. This behavioral framework captures drivers' planning capabilities and allows decisions to be based on anticipated future conditions. An integrated driving behavior model, which utilizes these concepts, is developed. This model captures both lane changing and acceleration behaviors. The driver's short-term goal is defined by the target lane. Drivers who wish to change lanes but cannot change lanes immediately, select a short-term plan to perform the desired lane change. Short-term plans are defined by the various gaps in traffic in the target lane. Drivers adapt their acceleration behavior to facilitate the lane change using the target gap. Hence, interdependencies between lane changing and acceleration behaviors are captured. The lane changing portion of the model integrates mandatory and discretionary lane changing considerations in a single model. Hence, allowing trade-offs between these considerations to be captured. Moreover, the integrated lane changing model overcomes the difficulty in defining conditions that trigger a mandatory lane changing situation. Model components that describe the choice of target gaps and acceleration behaviors to facilitate lane changing are introduced. The parameters of all components of the driving behavior model are estimated jointly using detailed vehicle trajectory data collected in a freeway in Arlington, VA. The result is a driving behavior model applicable to the behavior of all freeway traffic. Validation results of the proposed model using a microscopic traffic simulator are also presented.
by Tomer Toledo.
Ph.D .
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Koutentakis, Dimitrios. "Modeling human driving behavior". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129895.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84).
The goal of this thesis paper is to explore models that can predict and anticipate driver behaviors on the road and give probabilities on future actions of neighboring vehicles, while being lightweight enough to be formally verifiable. This thesis starts with looking into related work and doing a short literature review on previous work on driver models. We then talk about the available datasets used to perform such work, different models used (from classic regressions to neural networks) and finally present my approach and my results.
by Dimitrios Koutentakis.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko e E. I. Ponomarenko. "Google's self-driving car". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13466.
Testo completo
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Karlsson, Anja, e Jacob Spens. "Virtual Driving Academy : ViDA". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42266.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Taking a driver license is an expensive and time consuming process. This process can be facilitated by the use of modern technology. This report will address how it is possible to take driving lessons to the next level by practicing in a virtual environment. The goal of this project is to create a driving school simulator with modern virtual reality technology which will put the driver in realistic traffic situations for an educational purpose.Att ta körlektioner har länge varit en kostsam och tidskrävande process. Den här processen kan underlättas med användning av ny teknik. Denna rapport kommer gå in på hur man kan ta körlektioner till nästa nivå genom att öva i en virtuel miljö. Målet med projektet är att skapa en körskolesimulator med hjälp av dagens virtual reality teknik som kan sätta föraren i realistiska trafiksituationer i utbildningssyfte.
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Carcary, William Beaton. "Changing driving beliefs, attitudes and self-reported driving behaviour amongst young drivers through classroom-based pre and post driving test interventions". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11841.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This pragmatic study consists of four cross-sectional and two inter-linked longitudinal studies designed to review two classroom-based interventions aimed at modifying driving related attitudes and self-reported driving behaviour. Subjects, (N=451), were divided into three groups. Subjects in Group 1 (N=176), learned to drive, passed the driving test and completed a questionnaire schedule. Group 2 subjects, (N=123), in addition to the above, attended classroom-based predriver training course while learning to drive. The subjects in Group 3, (N= 152), after learning to drive, received a classroom-based post-driver training course \\ithin three months of passing the driving test. Questionnaires were issued as the subjects started driver training (Time I), on passing the driving test (Time 2), three months post-test (Time 3) and nine months post-test (Time 4). The ftrst study, Time I, tested the predictive ability of Ajzen's (1985, 1988) Theory of Planned Behaviour with regard to the intentions of new drivers to conform to the social and legal conventions of driving and was successful in explaining 34% of the variance. Study two, Time 2, tested for increased driving knowledge and additional driving motives between groups for effects of the pre-driving test intervention. No support for this type of intervention was found. Study three, Time 3, assessed the performance of a post-test intervention informed by the Health Belief Model (Rosenstock, 1966) and Protection Motivation Theory (Rogers, 1975). Using the Drivers Skil1s Inventory (Lajunen and Summala, 1995), results revealed that subjects in Group 3 perceived themselves to be signiftcantly less skilled and less safe. Study four, Time 4, was designed to test for effects of both interventions at nine-months post-test The results revealed that only those subjects in Group 3 had better behavioural intentions with regard to speeding behaviour. Overall no support was found for pre-driver training. However, limited support was found for post-driver training in influencing self-reported driving behaviour.
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Herrero-Fernández, David, Sara Fonseca-Baeza e Sara Pla-Sancho. "Factorial structure of Driving Log in a Spanish sample". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101153.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present study aimed the adaptation of the Driving Log, a questionnaire that assesses aggressive and risky driving behaviors in a day by day basis, with 395 Spanish participants. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire fitted properly in two correlated factors, labeled as Risky Driving and Aggressive Driving. Subsequent analyses showed that the number of drives is significantly associated to Risky Driving, while the number of occasions in which anger is experimented correlated with Risky Driving as well as Aggressive Driving. Other findings suggest that men behave in a more risky and aggressive mannerthan women. Young people follow this same tendency in comparison to their elders.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la adaptación del Driving Log, un cuestionario que valora los comportamientos agresivos y arriesgados al volante, en una muestra española de 395 personas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que el cuestionario ajustaba satisfactoriamente en dos factores, etiquetados como Conducción Arriesgada y Conducción Agresiva. Los análisis posteriores mostraron que el número de trayectos realizados se asoció significativamente a la Conducción Arriesgada, mientras que el número de veces en que se experimentó ira lo hizo tanto con la Conducción Arriesgada como con la Conducción Agresiva. Igualmente, se vio que los hombres se comportaban de forma más arriesgada y agresiva que las mujeres, y que los jóvenes lo hacían en mayor grado que los mayores.
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Howard, Edwin Henry III. "Examining the Effect of Driving Experience on Teenage Driving Ability with Secondary Tasks". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research examined the relationship between experience and driving performance with secondary tasks. Data were collected from 42 teenage drivers and their parents using an instrumented vehicle for two one hour test track sessions spaced 12 months apart. For part of the sessions, participants followed a lead vehicle which allowed for range data to be collected.
Teenage and experienced driversâ driving were compared for cell phone and odometer tasks. Variables such as Speed, Range to Forward Vehicle, and Driving-Related Eyeglance percentages were all analyzed utilizing ANOVA. Post-hoc analysis on continuous data was performed using a Tukey HSD test. Lane Deviations were examined using Chi-Square analyses.
Experienced drivers drove faster overall than teenage drivers. Teenage drivers drove faster in the 12 month session than the first session. No significant effects were found for Speed Variance, Range Variance, or Lane Deviations. Experienced drivers had a higher percentage of driving-related glances than teenage drivers. For the odometer task, teenage drivers were found to follow further behind a lead vehicle than adults.
Driving experience was believed to have an effect on driver eyeglance patterns due to increased development of attentional control resulting in better switching between the task and the driving environment. Experienced drivers likely drove faster due to increased confidence in their driving ability. This research supports current GDL cell phone restrictions. A driversâ education lesson plan framework was developed to address these differences. Future research should focus on further refining GDL legislation to address the cognitive differences between teenage and experienced drivers.Master of Science
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Skagerlund, Kenny. "Implications of dysphoria on driving ability : A study using a driving simulator paradigm". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The project of enhancing traffic safety is a continuous effort that will not cease in its aspirations. In fact, as technology evolves and additional digital artifacts are implemented into our cars, the attention to traffic safety becomes even more important. Driving a car through urban and rural environments is a cognitively challenging task that especially tax attentional resources, and as more artifacts compete for our attention during driving, the adherence to traffic safety is vital. Thus, factors that influence driving ability, such as sleep, nutrition and – perhaps - emotions are of great interest. An earlier study by Bulmash et al. (2006) hypothesized that individuals with Major Depressive Disorder would perform worse than controls in a study using a driving simulator; their hypothesis was confirmed. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether dysphoric individuals show reduced driving performance relative to controls. The notion of dysphoria refers to mild depression in a non-clinical sense. This was investigated using a driving simulator that measured Lateral Positioning (Standard Deviation of Lateral Position - SDLP) on the road, Brake Reaction Time (BRT) and performance on a secondary task (Peripheral Detection Task - PDT). Dysphoric individuals were identified using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). The hypothesis was partly confirmed, as dysphoric individuals did indeed show more variable positioning on the road. However, performance differences on PDT and BRT were not significant. The results indicate that the negative influence of mood on driving ability is not a discrete phenomenon primarily manifested in individuals with clinical depression, but is rather a continuous phenomenon. The results should be of special interest to clinicians that evaluate individuals with depressive tendencies, as well as the academic community in general since the insights into the impact of emotions on cognitive performance are inconclusive and still not clearly understood. These results might also be of interest in other domains of high complexity, where human performance is of great importance, such as Command and Control, nuclear power plants and control rooms in general.
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Scott, Franklyn Johnson. "Exploring Punishment for Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) and Driving Under Influence (DUI) Offenders". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/554.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Drinking and driving has been the focus of research since the 1960s, but researchers have not defined the meaning of punishment for offenders who continue to drink and drive. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of punishment on driving while intoxicated (DWI) and driving under the influence (DUI) defendants to assess the likelihood of preventing subsequent offenses. This study also sought to describe the behaviors of defendants who are perpetrating multiple offenses. The protection motivation theory was the theoretical foundation of this qualitative case study. The sample included a diverse group of 16 men between the ages of 21 and 35 who were recruited via a flyer in traffic court. Participants were interviewed, and interview data were transcribed verbatim and then coded for themes relating to punishments and DWI/DUIs. Initial interpretations were subjected to member checking for greater trustworthiness of the final report. The results of this study showed that the participants accepted responsibility for the frequent behaviors of drinking and driving and for being too intoxicated to make the decision to drive prior to their arrest. The results of the analyses indicated that the participants responded well to the punishment and opted to change their behaviors. Allowing offenders to describe and own their behaviors could positively create social change in these individuals, thus preventing them from incurring future DWI and DUI arrest.
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Venugopal, Vivek. "Driving impairments associated with depressive symptomatology". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1251340079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 31, 2010). Advisor: Jeffrey Ciesla. Keywords: Depression; driving impairment; driving; attention. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-60).
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Hu, Hao, e Chenke Xu. "How to Perform Market Orientation in New Product Development". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16295.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In turbulent environments, the infused marketing function has become an essential and natural part in the firms’ new product development (NPD). Some scholars define NPD as the transformation of a market opportunity into a product as a result of the coupling of market assumptions with technological possibilities. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the role of market orientation in NPD, with the specific focus on how market orientation is carried out in NPD and how it affects NPD. This study is built on a conceptual framework and a tool, both are formed from literature. The authors use the case study to conduct this research, and one company’s (Tylö’s) data is gathered through the semi-structured interview. Some findings are obtained from analysis: Firstly, market orientation contains two approaches, one is the market-driven approach and the other is the driving-market one, and firm could choose one of them according to the new product features. Secondly, there are four areas in market orientation, for each approach, the specific content in each area is different. Thirdly, the four areas are identifying customers’ needs, collecting information, inter-functional coordination and taking action and they move on sequentially. In addition, two crucial factors-time and cost should be paid much attention in NPD.
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Finamore, Kevin. "Motion Cueing Algorithm Development in a 2DOF Driving Simulator: a Driving Behaviour-Centered Approach". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I simulatori di guida sono strumenti altamente tecnologici che permettono di svolgere attività di ricerca in vari ambiti quali la psicologia, la medicina e l’ingegneria. Tuttavia, affinché i dati ottenuti mediante le simulazioni siano rapportabili alla loro controparte reale, la fedeltà delle componenti del simulatore di guida deve essere elevata. Questo lavoro tratta del miglioramento del sistema di restituzione del movimento nel simulatore a due gradi di libertà (2DOF) SIMU-LACET Driving Simulator, costruito e sviluppato presso il laboratorio LEPSIS dell’IFSTTAR (Istituto Francese delle Scienze e Tecnologie dei Trasporti, dello Sviluppo e delle Reti), in particolare nella sua sede di Parigi – Marne-la-Vallée. Si è deciso di andare a riprogettare la parte software del sistema di restituzione del movimento (motion cueing), operando su due elementi principali: lo scale factor (fattore di scala) applicato agli impulsi dinamici provenienti dal modello veicolare e i Motion Cueing Algorihms (MCA, algoritmi di restituzione del movimento), questo per entrambi i gradi di libertà. Si è quindi intervenuti sul modello esistente implementato in MATLAB-Simulink nello specifico blocco del motion cueing sul surge (traslazione longitudinale) e sul yaw (imbardata). Riguardo lo scale factor, è stata introdotta una metodologia per creare uno scale factor non lineare in forma esponenziale, tale da migliorare la restituzione degli impulsi meno ampi, pur rispettando i limiti fisici della piattaforma di movimento. Per quanto concerne il MCA, si sono vagliate diverse transfer function dell’algoritmo classico. La scelta finale dei MCA e la validazione del motion cueig in genere è stata effettuata mediante due esperimenti ed il giudizio dei soggetti che vi hanno partecipato. Inoltre, in virtù dei risultati del primo esperimento, si è investigata l’influenza che la strategia in merito al cambio delle marce avesse sulla percezione del movimento da parte del guidatore.
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Perrier, Marie-Josée. "Understanding driving after stroke: safety outcomes and characteristics of those who return to driving". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66994.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is difficult to assess driving safety according to stroke sequelae, given that little attention has been given to the characteristics of post-stroke drivers. Therefore, the specific objective was to estimate the extent to which neurological and functional factors at 3 months predict driving resumption at 12 months post-stroke. A sub-cohort of drivers (n=290) were sampled from 678 Canadians who were participating in a longitudinal study of stroke outcomes. Of 290 participants (68% men; age: 64 years; CNS: 8.5), 177 (61%) returned to driving at one year. The relationships between the factors influencing driving status were modeled in a path analysis. Persons with higher scores on the combined SIS scales for strength and activity and MMSE, as well as those with ischemic stroke, will be more likely to return to driving. Fatigue, gender and stroke severity indirectly influence driving through strength and activity. Gender differences were also found in the level of fatigue. Future work that carefully incorporates more sensitive measures of function in a path model with contextual factors will confirm these results.Peu d'attention a été portée sur les caractéristiques des conducteurs suite à un ACV, alors il est très difficile de prendre en considération les risques d'accident associés aux séquelles d'un ACV. Par conséquent, l'objectif spécifique était d'estimer à quel point les facteurs neuraux et fonctionnels à 3 mois prédisent un retour à la conduite 12 mois suite à un ACV. Une sous-cohorte de conducteurs (n=290) a été sélectionnée de 678 canadiens qui ont participé à une étude longitudinale portant sur les variables reliés à un ACV. Des 290 participants (68% sont des hommes, âge 64 ans, CNS : 8.5), 177 (61%) reconduisaient après 12 mois. La relation entre les facteurs et le statut de conduite ont été modelé afin de faire une analyse des pistes causales (path analysis). Les personnes présentant un score élevé sur l'échelle SIS pour la force et l'activité combiné au MMSE, ainsi que les personnes ayant un ACV ischémique, sont plus enclin de conduire de nouveau. La fatigue, le genre ainsi que la sévérité de l'ACV influencent indirectement la conduite à travers force et l'activité. Les futures recherches intégrant des mesures plus sensibles. La prochaine direction à prendre est d'intégrer des mesures de la fonction plus sensible à l'analyse des causalités avec des facteurs contextuels.
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Koerner, Julia. "Searching in Lists While Driving". Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-57768.
Testo completo
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Robbe, Hindrik Willem Jan. "Influence of marijuana on driving". Maastricht : Maastricht : Institute for Human Psychopharmacology, University of Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6810.
Testo completo
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Ventaglio, Daniele. "Knowledge management driving customer behavior". Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541786.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Addressing the needs and wants of the customers increases the intention of the customers to remain loyal to the company that satisfies their wants and needs. Knowledge Management (KM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) have both been shown to impact customer behavior. The purpose of this thesis was to explore and understand the impact of KM supported by a CRM on customer behaviors, specifically customer loyalty and customer perceived value. The results indicate that in order for KM and CRM to be effective in affecting positive changes in organizations, certain conditions need to be met. These include having employees perceive the importance of the implementation of KM and CRM approaches / processes through incorporating both KM and CRM in the business culture. All employees of all levels of the company need to have the same objective, scope and roles and responsibilities are clear defined and communicated. Both KM and CRM end-to-end processes need to be supported by one stable, easy to use, and easily accessible system with a high sophisticated search engine. The significance of this study is three-fold: for the academic community, for the companies that aim to attain competitive advantage over others, and for the customers of these companies.
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Ahmed, Saʼad A. Wahab. "Dynamic analyses of pile driving". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1123/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Several approaches to the dynamic analyses of pile driving are explored in this Thesis. These include pile driving formulae, single degree of freedom (SDOF) models, the wave equation approach and a finite element model. In the elementary models, the pile is modelled as a rigid mass while the soil is represented by various simple rheological mechanisms (spring-slider-dashpot models). Analytical and numerical formulations are developed and the parametric results of the analyses are presented in non-dimensional form. A study of the wave equation method of the analysis culminates in the development of some simple analytical expressions (analogous to the pile driving formulae) which may prove useful in practice. Some comparisons between the elementary SDOF models, the pile driving formulae and the wave equation have been undertaken in order to assess their strengths and highlight their various shortcomings. The development of a finite element model for pile driving is discussed in detail with particular emphasis on spatial discretisation (especially the viscous boundaries) and the time integration schemes. A limited parametric study has been conducted in order to gain some insight into the behaviour of piles during driving and to follow the evolution of failure in soils around and beneath the piles. Further work in this area is indicated although computational costs seem to be too high to justify use of the finite element method.
41
Haigney, Diane. "Assessing compensatory behaviour in driving". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368989.
Testo completo
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Tirumaladasu, Sai Subhakar, e Shirdi Manjunath Adigarla. "Autonomous Driving: Traffic Sign Classification". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-17783.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Autonomous Driving and Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are revolutionizing the way we drive and the future of mobility. Among ADAS, Traffic Sign Classification is an important technique which assists the driver to easily interpret traffic signs on the road. In this thesis, we used the powerful combination of Image Processing and Deep Learning to pre-process and classify the traffic signs. Recent studies in Deep Learning show us how good a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is for image classification and there are several state-of-the-art models with classification accuracies over 99 % existing out there. This shaped our thesis to focus more on tackling the current challenges and some open-research cases. We focussed more on performance tuning by modifying the existing architectures with a trade-off between computations and accuracies. Our research areas include enhancement in low light/noisy conditions by adding Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) connections, and contribution to a universal-regional dataset with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The results obtained on the test data are comparable to the state-of-the-art models and we reached accuracies above 98% after performance evaluation in different frameworks
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Nicolle, Rémy. "Regulatory networks driving bladder cancer". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EVRY0009/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La carcinogénèse est une conséquence de la continuelle activation de la prolifération cellulaire. Dans les cellules normales, les signaux mitogéniques sont traités par un réseau complexe d’interactions protéiques et de réactions enzymatiques, appelées voies de signalisation. Dans certains cas, le signal peut induire l’activation de nouveaux gènes et ainsi déclencher la mitose. Lors du développement ou de la cicatrisation, cette régulation du phénotype cellulaire contrôle étroitement le nombre et le comportement des cellules contribuant ainsi au maintien d’un tissu fonctionnel sain. A partir de profils génomiques, transcriptomiques et protéomiques de tumeurs de la vessie ainsi que des transcriptomes de cellules urothéliales normales dans différents états de prolifération et de différenciation, j’ai mis au point de nouvelles méthodologies pour caractériser les voies de signalisation et de régulation responsables des cancers de la vessie. Dans un premier temps, j’ai développé des outils pour l’identification et la visualisation des programmes transcriptionnels spécifiques à une tumeur ou à un sous-type tumoral et ce, par l’inférence d’un réseau de co-régulation et la prédiction de l’activité des facteurs de transcription. Ces méthodes sont disponibles dans un package Bioconductor, CoRegNet (bioconductor.org). La mesure de l’activité transcriptionnelle est basée sur l’influence d’un facteur de transcription sur l’expression de ses gènes cibles. Cette mesure a été utilisée pour identifier les régulateurs les plus actifs de chaque sous-type de cancer de la vessie. L’intégration de profils génomiques a mis en avant deux facteurs de transcription génétiquement altérés et ayant des rôles oncogènes dans les tumeurs luminales et basales. L’un d’entre eux a été validé expérimentalement dans ce travail.L’utilisation de CoRegNet a mis en évidence une large utilisation dans les tumeurs,des réseaux normaux de la différenciation et de la prolifération des cellules normales. Un régulateur de la prolifération normale est identifié comme étant activé de fa¸con constitutive par des altérations génétiques dans les tumeurs. Son impact sur la prolifération des cellules tumorales de la vessie a été expérimentalement validé. Par ailleurs, il a été constaté que l’un des régulateurs de la différenciation urothéliale présentant une baisse d’activité dans la quasi-totalité des tumeurs, est fréquemment muté. De plus amples analyses ont mis en avant son rôle majeur dans les tumeurs différenciées. Dans le but de caractériser les voies de signalisation à partir de données protéomiques d’expériences d’immunoprécipitations, j’ai développé un nouvel algorithme visant à construire un réseau dense à partir d’une liste de protéines d’intérêt et d’un ensemble d’interactions protéiques connues. L’algorithme est proposé sous la forme d’une application Cytoscape et s’intitule Pepper: Protein Complex Expansion using Protein-Proteininteraction networks (apps.cytoscape.org) Enfin, en utilisant à la fois le profil protéomique d’une expérience d’immunoprécipitation de FGFR3 ainsi que le profil transcriptomique des gènes qu’il régule en aval, j’ai appliqué Pepper pour caractériser la voie de signalisation de FGFR3 depuis ses partenaires protéiques jusqu’aux facteurs de transcription en aval. Enfin, ce travail a plus particulièrement permis d’identifier un lien de régulation entre FGFR3 et le gène suppresseur de tumeurs TP53Carcinogenesis is a consequence of the unceasing activation of cell proliferation. In normal cells, mito-genic stimuli are processed by a complex network of protein interactions and enzymatic reactions, often referred to as pathways, which can eventually trigger the activation of new genes to engage the cell into mitosis. During developmental or wound healing processes, this complex regulation of cellular phenotypes results in a tight control of the number and behavior of cells and therefore contributes to the maintenance of a functional and healthy tissue architecture. Based on genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of bladder tumors and transcriptomes of nor-mal urothelial cells at various states of proliferation and differentiation, I devised novel methodologies to characterize the pathways driving bladder cancer. I first developed a set of tools to identify and visualize sample and subtype-specific transcriptional pro-grams through the inference of a co-regulatory network and the prediction of transcription factor activity. These methods were embedded in a Bioconductor package entitled CoRegNet (bioconductor.org). The measure of transcriptional activity is based on the influence of a transcription factor on the expression of its target genes and was used to characterize the most active regulators of each bladder cancer subtypes. The integration of genomic profiles highlighted two altered transcription factors with driver roles in lumi-nal-like and basal-like bladder cancer, one of which was experimentally validated. The use of CoRegNet to model the contribution of regulatory programs of normal proliferation and diffe-rentiation in bladder cancers underlined a strong preservation of normal networks during tumorigenesis. Furthermore, a regulator of normal proliferation was found to be constitutively activated by genetic al-terations and its influence on bladder cancer cell proliferation was experimentally validated. In addition, a master regulator of urothelial differentiation was found to have a loss of activity in nearly all tumors. This was then associated to the discovery of frequent inactivating mutations and further analysis unco-vered a major role in differentiated tumors. In order to characterize signaling pathways from proteomic pull-down assays, I then designed a novel algorithm to grow a densely connected network from a set of proteins and a repository of protein interac-tions. The proposed algorithm was made available as a Cytoscape application named Pepper for Protein Complex Expansion using Protein- Protein interaction networks (apps.cytoscape.org). Finally, using both a proteomic pull-down assay of the bladder cancer oncogene FGFR3 and a transcrip-tomic profiling of its downstream regulated genes, I applied Pepper to characterize the full FGFR3 signa-ling pathway from its protein partners to the downstream transcriptional regulators. In particular, this uncovered a regulatory link between FGFR3 and the tumor suppressor TP53
44
Veltri, Leandro A. (Leandro Almeida). "Modeling eye movements in driving". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36979.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-88).
by Leandro A. Veltri.
M.Eng.
45
Puente, Guillen Pablo. "Predicting sleepiness from driving behaviour". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17938/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research investigates the use of objective EEG analysis to determine multiple levels of sleepiness in drivers. In the literature, current methods propose a binary (awake or sleep) or ternary (awake, drowsy or sleep) classification of sleepiness. Having few classification of sleepiness increases the risk of the driver reaching dangerous levels of sleepiness before a safety system can prevent it. Also, these methods are based on subjective analysis of physiological variables, which leads to lack of reproducibility and loss of data, when a lack of consensus is reached amongst the EEG experts. Therefore, the doctoral challenge was to determine whether multiple levels of sleepiness could be defined with high accuracy, using an objective analysis of EEG, a reliable indicator of sleepiness. The study identified awake, post-awake, pre-sleep and sleep as the multiple levels of sleepiness through the objective analysis of EEG. The research used Neural Networks, a type of Machine Learning algorithm, to determine the accuracy of the proposed multiple levels of sleepiness. The Neural Networks were trained using driving and physiological behaviour. The EEG data and the driving and physiological variables were obtained through a series of experiments aimed to induce sleepiness, conducted in the driving simulator at the University of Leeds. As the Neural Network obtained high accuracy when differentiating between awake and sleep and between post-awake and pre-sleep, it led to the conclusion that the proposed objective classification based on objective EEG analysis was suitable. However, this study did not reach the highest levels of accuracy when the 4 levels of sleepiness are combined, nevertheless the solutions proposed by the researcher to be carried in future work can contribute towards increasing the accuracy of the proposed method.
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Allen, Laura Spencer. ""Driving Lessons" and Other Stories". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609126/.
Testo completo
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Nyberg, Viktor. "Simulatorbaserad träning av Eco-driving". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-151096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Användandet av simulatorer i utbildningar ökar mer och mer. Simulatorer har använts inom pilotutbildningar och inom medicinsk utbildning länge och det finns mycket forskning som stödjer deras effektivitet. Nu har simulatorerna blivit mer tillgängliga i och med den tekniska utvecklingen och har börjat användas för förarutbildningar. Däremot saknas samma gedigna vetenskapliga stöd som finns för pilotutbildningar och medicinsk utbildning. Det finns visst underlag för utbildning i riskmedvetenhet men inte så många andra färdigheter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur effektiv en simulator är vid utbildning av förare i Eco-driving. Till studien rekryterades 20 elever från Yrkesakademin som utbildas för behörighet C, tung lastbil. Studien var av mellangruppsdesign där experimentgruppen tränade Eco-drivingfärdigheter och data över bränsleförbrukning och hastighet samlades in. Kontrollgruppen fick en teoretisk utbildning i Eco-driving i form av en inspelad video. Experimentgruppen hade en signifikant förbättring av bränsleförbrukning men inte kontrollgruppen. Detta stödjer effektiviteten av simulatorbaserad utbildning av Eco-driving. Resultaten är även uppmuntrande till träning av liknande färdigheter som bland annat är av betydelse för trafiksäkerhet. Dessutom finns det goda möjligheter att minska kostnaderna vid förarutbildningar samtidigt som eleverna lär sig bättre.The use of of simulators in education is increasing. The aviation and medical education have a long history of implementing simulator training and education. With a strong body of scientific research that validates their use in education. As the technical development has increased, the availability of affordable simulators has increased their use in driver education. Unfortunately the research is not as strong as with the aviation or medical education. There are some support that simulator-based education can improve hazard perception but not so many other skills. Therefore I want to examine the effectiveness of a simulator in teaching Eco-driving skills to drivers. 20 students from Yrkesakademin were recruited as they were learning to drive trucks. The study is of between group design where the experimental group practiced Eco-driving skills in the simulator. Data were collected of the participants fuel consumption and speed. The control group were shown a video lecture on Eco-driving. The experimental group did significant improve while the control group did not. These results support the effectiveness of simulator-based education of Eco-driving skills. It also is encouraging for similar driving skills that can have a significant effect on traffic safety. While there is encouraging evidence for reducing the cost of driver education at the same time the students learning is enhanced.
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Nickolaenko, A. V., e D. O. Marchenko. "Affective intelligent driving agent (AIDA)". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31087.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It’s impossible to imagine modern world without using motor cars. AIDA aims to change the way we interact with our car. MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) researchers and designers are developing the Affective Intelligent Driving Agent (AIDA) - a new in-car personal robot that brings a revolution to life of all motor-cars’ users.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31087
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Katukuri, Tharun Reddy. "Argumentation among self-driving vehicles". OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2652.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this day and age where the number of vehicles that are being used on highways and roads has been increasing considerably, there is a need for a global driving technique, or a driving phenomenon, where the vehicles can communicate with each other and maintain efficient driving positions by automating the process without the help of a human driver. With the available technology, self-driving cars are already under the spotlight, but these vehicles only offer limited support to the driver and they require human input in the process of driving. Argumentation techniques can be used to develop an efficient algorithm to resolve the conflicts between Agents i.e vehicles to allow safer travel, reduced emissions and better traffic distribution over road networks. Considering the importance of cooperative driving. platoon transition that has been overlooked in the existing research, our implementation tests the use of an Argumentation technique, on top of the platoons, providing an edge over the existing work related to self-driving vehicles. Utilizing the Argumentation allowed an effective way in resolving the conflicts among platoon leaders allowing a smoother transition of platoon groups. The conducted experiment compared the traffic flow of vehicles between two scenarios namely cooperative driving and non-cooperative driving, deriving the results that showcase the advantages of cooperative driving and also the role of argumentation in conflict resolution among vehicle agents.
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Liljedahl, Ida, e Ebba Rondahl. "Driving factors for growing companies". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275667.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Finding a way to forecast what characteristics make a fast growing company would be useful, both for companies trying to succeed and for investment companies wanting to make successful investments. This thesis aims to develop a model describing the relationship between 9 chosen characteristics, based on real data from 2015 concerning companies that were rewarded with a DI Gasell in 2018. The final result show that half of the variables chosen to form the model have little to no relationship with the response variable EBIT margin. However, the final model consists of four variables that with statistic significance correlates with the response variable. The explanatory level is low and implies that forecasting companies growth probably can’t be done using this model. The four regressors that correlate with EBIT margin are Year of Incorporation, Operatingrevenue, Number of subsidiaries & SNI code. Although a forecast can’t be performed other insight are obtained from the research. Companies with SNI code 4, which corresponds to operating in the economic sector, affects EBIT margin in a more positive way than other sectors. Number of subsidiaries correlates fairly linearly with the response variable. Contradictory to previous research CEO characteristics are shown to be the least important factor contributing to profitability.Att hitta ett sätt att förutspå vilka egenskaper som skapar ett snabbväxande företag kan vara användbart, både för företag som vill växa men också för investeringsbolag som letar efter gynnsamma investeringar med bra avkastning. Denna avhandling strävar efter att utveckla en modell som beskriver relationen mellan 9 utvalda variabler, baserat på data från år 2015 gällande företag som 2018 tilldelades utmärkelsen ”DI Gasell”. Den slutgiltiga modellen visar att hälften av regressorerna statistiskt signifikant påverkar responsvariabeln EBIT-marginal. Förklaringsgraden för modellen är låg, vilket antyder att sambanden inte är starka nog att kunna förutspå vilka företag som kommer att bli ”DI Gasell” med denna modell. De fyra regressorer som påverkar EBIT-marginalen mest är registreringsår, omsättning, antal dotterbolag och SNI-kod. Trots modellens låga förklaringsvärde kan andra slutsatser dras av undersökningen. Företag i ekonomisektorn påverkar EBIT-marginalen mer positivt än företag inom andra sektorer. Antal dotterbolag korrelerar relativt linjärt med respons variabeln. Till motsats från tidigare studier visar avhandlingen att ålder och kön på VD inte påverkar lönsamheten.