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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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1

Villalgordo-Hernández, David, Aida Grau-Atienza, Antonio A. García-Marín, Enrique V. Ramos-Fernández e Javier Narciso. "Manufacture of Carbon Materials with High Nitrogen Content". Materials 15, n. 7 (25 marzo 2022): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072415.

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Nowadays one of the biggest challenges for carbon materials is their use in CO2 capture and their use as electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In both cases, it is necessary to dope the carbon with nitrogen species. Conventional methods to prepare nitrogen doped carbons such as melamine carbonization or NH3 treatment generate nitrogen doped carbons with insufficient nitrogen content. In the present research, a series of activated carbons derived from MOFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-67) are presented. Activated carbons have been prepared in a single step, by pyrolysis of the MOF in an inert atmosphere, between 600 and 1000 °C. The carbons have a nitrogen content up to 20 at.% and a surface area up to 1000 m2/g. The presence of this nitrogen as pyridine or pyrrolic groups, and as quaternary nitrogen are responsible for the great adsorption capacity of CO2, especially the first two. The presence of Zn and Co generates very different carbonaceous structures. Zn generates a greater porosity development, which makes the doped carbons ideal for CO2 capture. Co generates more graphitized doped carbons, which make them suitable for their use in electrochemistry.

2

Volperts, Aleksandrs, Ance Plavniece, Kätlin Kaare, Galina Dobele, Aivars Zhurinsh e Ivar Kruusenberg. "Influence of Chemical Activation Temperatures on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Material Structure, Pore Size Distribution and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity". Catalysts 11, n. 12 (30 novembre 2021): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121460.

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The goal of this research was to synthesize activated nitrogen-doped nanocarbons with high specific surface area and adjustable pore size distribution using wood charcoal as a raw material. The resulting carbon materials were tested for possible application as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in alkaline media. Activated carbons were obtained using a thermochemical activation method with NaOH. Nitrogen was introduced into activated carbons using dicyandiamide solution. It was demonstrated that the content of introduced nitrogen depends on oxygen content in the structure of the activated carbon. The oxygen reduction reaction activity of the activated and nitrogen-doped carbon material was comparable with a commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst. Electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized N-doped wood-derived carbon catalysts may be associated with the highly developed surface area, specific ratio of micro- and mesopores, as well as the high percentage of pyridinic nitrogen.

3

Trihutomo, Prihanto, Poppy Puspitasari, Muhammad Bustomi Radja e Milzam Rahmat Busono. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon for Lithium Battery Anode Applications". Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) 7, n. 1 (1 maggio 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v7i12023p020.

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Nitrogen-dopped activated carbon was synthesized to see its effect on the characterization of the nitrogen surface functional groups, crystal size, and morphology of the resulting sample. Synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated carbon was carried out by varying the addition of Urea as a nitrogen doping source. Activated carbon compared its characteristics with variations in the concentration of added Urea to activated carbon, at 1:3 and 1:5. The FTIR results obtained were the presence of functional groups indicating the presence of nitrogen bonds in each sample. The crystallinity results showed that the samples were classified as crystalline and nitrogen doping influenced the size of the crystallinity of each sample. The morphology of nitrogen-doped activated carbon shows differences in the grain size of nitrogen-doped activated carbon. Crystallinity and morphology have been shown to affect battery anode performance. The more crystalline of anode material, the electrochemical properties are better. The smaller the grain size of the sample morphology, the stability of the battery cycle is to be great.

4

Li, Yue, Tong-Xin Shang, Jian-Min Gao e Xiao-Juan Jin. "Nitrogen-doped activated carbon/graphene composites as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes". RSC Advances 7, n. 31 (2017): 19098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00132k.

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Nitrogen-doped activated carbon/reduced graphene oxide composites are prepared by pre-carbonization of the precursors (mixture of graphene oxide and nitrogen-doped activated carbons) and KOH activation of the pyrolysis products.

5

Xie, Yao, Zhen Chen, Yulong Wu, Mingde Yang, Liqiao Wei e Husheng Hu. "Activated sintering of activated carbon-doped magnesia". Ceramics International 40, n. 10 (dicembre 2014): 16543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.008.

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6

Plavniece, Ance, Aivars Zhurinsh, Galina Dobele e Aleksandrs Volperts. "Impact of Biomass Derived Raw Material on Nitrogen Doped Porous Carbon Structure". Key Engineering Materials 762 (febbraio 2018): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.99.

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Carbon compounds with large surface area can be used as electrocatalytic cathodes for fuel cells. Nitrogen atoms largely determine the properties of doped activated carbon, such as hardness, wear resistance, electrical resistance etc., and therefore there is a need for new scientific information on the properties and structure of modified carbon matrix. Wood char and activated carbons based on wood char, cellulose, black liquor, and fine cellulose sludge were obtained in different activation conditions and doped with dicyandiamide. The obtained N-doped carbon materials porous structures were compared taking into account preparation conditions and raw material.

7

Frilund, Christian, Ilkka Hiltunen e Pekka Simell. "Activated Carbons for Syngas Desulfurization: Evaluating Approaches for Enhancing Low-Temperature H2S Oxidation Rate". ChemEngineering 5, n. 2 (11 maggio 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5020023.

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Its relatively low cost and high surface area makes activated carbon an ideal adsorbent candidate for H2S removal. However, physical adsorption of H2S is not very effective; therefore, methods to facilitate reactive H2S oxidation on carbons are of interest. The performance of H2S removal of non-impregnated, impregnated, and doped activated carbon in low-temperature syngas was evaluated in fixed-bed breakthrough tests. The importance of oxygen content and relative humidity was established for reactive H2S removal. Impregnates especially improved the adsorption rate compared to non-impregnated carbons. Non-impregnated carbons could however retain a high capture capacity with sufficient contact time. In a relative performance test, the best performance was achieved by doped activated carbon, 320 mg g−1. Ammonia in syngas was found to significantly improve the adsorption rate of non-impregnated activated carbon. A small quantity of ammonia was consumed by the carbon bed, suggesting that ammonia is a reactant. Finally, to validate ammonia-enhanced desulfurization, bench-scale experiments were performed in biomass-based gasification syngas. The results show that when the ammonia concentration in syngas was in the tens of ppm range, 40–160 ppm H2S oxidation proceeded rapidly. Ammonia-enhanced oxidation allows utilization of cheaper non-impregnated activated carbons by in situ improvement of the adsorption kinetics. Ammonia enhancement is therefore established as a viable method for achieving high-capacity H2S removal with unmodified activated carbons.

8

Kamedulski, Piotr, Malgorzata Skorupska, Izabela Koter, Maciej Lewandowski, Víctor Karim Abdelkader-Fernández e Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz. "Obtaining N-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon-Based by Means of Gamma Radiation". Nanomaterials 12, n. 18 (12 settembre 2022): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183156.

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In this paper, we present the results of the gamma irradiation method to obtain N-doped mesoporous activated carbons. Nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbons were prepared from three chosen commercial activated carbons such as Carbon Black OMCARB C-140, KETJENBLACK EC-600JD and PK 1-3 Norit. HRTEM, SEM, Raman spectra, elemental analysis, XPS studies and widely approved N2 adsorption–desorption measurements allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of N atom insertion and its influence on the BET surface area and the pore structure of modified carbons. The obtained materials have an exceptionally high N content of up to 3.2 wt.%. Additionally, selected N-doped activated carbons were fully characterized to evaluate their applicability as carbon electrode materials with particular emphasis on Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). The proposed method is a relatively facile, efficient and universal option that can be added to the already known methods of introducing heteroatoms to different carbons.

9

Reljic, Snezana, Manuel Martinez-Escandell e Joaquin Silvestre-Albero. "Effect of Porosity and Surface Chemistry on CO2 and CH4 Adsorption in S-Doped and S-/O-co-Doped Porous Carbons". C 8, n. 3 (15 agosto 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c8030041.

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The aim of this study was to determine the adsorption performance of a petroleum pitch-based activated carbon (PPAC1:3) before and after a post-treatment with H2S. In the first step, a microporous activated carbon (PPAC1:3) with a highly developed porous structure was produced through a chemical activation route with KOH. Afterward, the synthesized activated carbon was thermally treated yielding two different series of functionalized activated carbons: (i) a series of carbons were treated directly with H2S at elevated temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C), and (ii) a series of carbons were generated by combining an oxidation treatment with plasma followed by H2S treatment at elevated temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C). The chemical and structural characteristics of the S-doped and S-/O-co-doped porous carbons were investigated by means of different experimental techniques, such as XRD, RAMAN, FESEM, XPS, TPD, N2, and CO2 adsorption, and finally tested in CO2 and CH4 adsorption at atmospheric and high pressure. The functionalized porous carbons possessed specific surface areas of 2420–2690 m2/g, total pore volume of 1.05–1.18 cm3/g, and sulfur content up to 2.55 atom % (the sulfur content of the original carbon was 0.19%). After a careful analysis of the carbon dioxide and methane uptake at atmospheric (0.1 MPa) and high pressure (4 MPa), adsorption results confirm that the microporous structure is the main structural parameter defining the adsorption performance and, to a lower extent, the surface chemistry. Overall, a significant improvement in the total uptake can be appreciated after the H2S treatment.

10

Karakoç, Taylan, Housseinou Ba, Lai Truong Phuoc, Dominique Bégin, Cuong Pham-Huu e Sergey N. Pronkin. "Ultramicroporous N-Doped Activated Carbon Materials for High Performance Supercapacitors". Batteries 9, n. 9 (24 agosto 2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090436.

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Porous carbon electrode materials are utilized in supercapacitors with very fast charge/discharge and high stability upon cycling thanks to their electrostatic charge storage mechanism. Further enhancement of the performance of such materials can be achieved by doping them with heteroatoms which alter the kinetics of charge/discharge of the adsorbed species and result in pseudocapacitance phenomena. Here, microporous N-doped activated carbons were synthesized by thermochemical activation process. The structure and composition of the final material were adjusted by tuning the synthesis conditions and the choice of precursor molecules. In particular, N-doped activated carbons with a controlled specific surface area in the range of 270–1380 m2/g have been prepared by KOH-activation of sucrose/ammonium citrate mixture. By adjusting the composition of precursors, N-doping was varied from ca. 1.5 to 7.3 at%. The role of the components and synthesis conditions on the composition and structure of final products has been evaluated. The N-doped activated carbon with optimized structure and composition has demonstrated an outstanding performance as electrode material for aqueous electrolyte supercapacitors. The specific capacitance measured in a 3-electrode cell with 0.75 mg/cm2 loading of optimized activated carbon in 1M H2SO4 changed from 359 F/g at 0.5 A/g charging rate to 243 F/g at 20 A/g. Less than 0.01% of capacitance loss has been detected after 1000 charging/discharging cycles.

11

Revathi, A., e P. N. Palanisamy. "Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of methylene blue dye by iron doped activated carbon". Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, n. 2 (aprile 2022): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.172.431.

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The present study details the synthesis and characterisation of iron (Fe) doped activated carbon from Alstonia Scholaris (AS-Fe) natural wood waste. Investigation addresses the utilization of natural wood waste for useful and potential high temperature Alstonia Scholaris activated carbon (HT-AS). Iron doped activated carbon (AS-Fe) is used for the treatment of industrial waste water. Activated carbon and utilization performances are well attributed to the preparation methods and hence a range of characteristic interpretation like Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis spectra, Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM) and EDAX analysis are evaluated. The result of AS-Fe is well distinguished by comparing the features with the porous high temperature Alstonia Scholaris activated carbon (HT-AS). High-performing iron doped activated carbon (AS-Fe) developed from natural wood waste reveals a distinct advantage in the adsorption approach for the removal of organics such as synthetic textile colours from industrial wastewater.

12

Ob-eye, Jeerati, Piyasan Praserthdam e Bunjerd Jongsomjit. "Dehydrogenation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde over Different Metals Supported on Carbon Catalysts". Catalysts 9, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010066.

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Recently, the interest in ethanol production from renewable natural sources in Thailand has been receiving much attention as an alternative form of energy. The low-cost accessibility of ethanol has been seen as an interesting topic, leading to the extensive study of the formation of distinct chemicals, such as ethylene, diethyl ether, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate, starting from ethanol as a raw material. In this paper, ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde in a one-step reaction was investigated by using commercial activated carbon with four different metal-doped catalysts. The reaction was conducted in a packed-bed micro-tubular reactor under a temperature range of 250–400 °C. The best results were found by using the copper doped on an activated carbon catalyst. Under this specified condition, ethanol conversion of 65.3% with acetaldehyde selectivity of 96.3% at 350 °C was achieved. This was probably due to the optimal acidity of copper doped on the activated carbon catalyst, as proven by the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). In addition, the other three catalyst samples (activated carbon, ceria, and cobalt doped on activated carbon) also favored high selectivity to acetaldehyde (>90%). In contrast, the nickel-doped catalyst was found to be suitable for ethylene production at an operating temperature of 350 °C.

13

SONIA, T. S., P. A. MINI, R. NANDHINI, KALLURI SUJITH, BALAKRISHNAN AVINASH, S. V. NAIR e K. R. V. SUBRAMANIAN. "Composite supercapacitor electrodes made of activated carbon/PEDOT:PSS and activated carbon/doped PEDOT". Bulletin of Materials Science 36, n. 4 (agosto 2013): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-013-0509-5.

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14

Sutarsis, Sutarsis, Syarief Hidayatullah, Agung Purniawan, Yusuf Pradesar e Jennita Halim. "Electrochemical Performances of PtCrCo Alloy/Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst". Materials Science Forum 1109 (14 dicembre 2023): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-n9oaoe.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is a promising green energy conversion machine. However, some drawbacks, such as Pt corrosion on the cathode side, the high price of Pt, Nafion membrane, and the need for the high precision assembly process, limit their commercialization. In this study, PtCrCo alloy which is supported by nitrogen-doped activated carbon was synthesized by facile method to increase electrochemical performance as a cathode catalyst and reduce Pt catalyst usage. Nitrogen-doped Activated Carbon/PtCrCo/Nitrogen-doped Carbon (NAC/PtCrCo/N) catalyst was investigated to analyze the effect of increasing the composition of nitrogen-doped activated carbon in the synthesis process on the morphology and electrochemical performances of the catalyst. Polyaniline (PANI) as Nitrogen precursor was added to Activated Carbon (AC) powder with ratio of AC to PANI; 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, as called AC, NAC1, NAC2, and NAC3 respectively. The catalyst synthesis process is carried out with the four activated carbon supports. Material characterizations were carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Cyclic Voltametry (CV), and Linear Sweep Voltametry (LSV). The XRD measurement shows that the addition of nitrogen doping tends to reduce the diffraction peak intensity of nitrogen-doped activated carbon compared to the pristine carbon. The doping also increases the surface area of the activated carbon as measured by the BET method. Nitrogen doping increases the conductivity and the addition of alloys can add better stability and catalytic activity for cyclic voltammetry results of the four catalysts cannot be calculated. The NAC3/Pt-Cr-Co/N electrocatalyst exhibited the highest initial potential at ~1 mAcm-2 of 0.997 V compared to the other four samples. On the other hand, AC/Pt-Cr-Co/N catalyst has the highest current density value of 22.156 mAcm-2.

15

Rossetti, Ilenia, Gianguido Ramis, Alessandro Gallo e Alessandro Di Michele. "Hydrogen storage over metal-doped activated carbon". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, n. 24 (giugno 2015): 7609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.04.064.

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16

Merkel, A., A. Satayeva, F. Cannon, C. Howell, St Meikle, K. László, V. Inglezakis et al. "Characterisation of Activated Carbons Obtained from Rice Husk". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 18, n. 4 (18 febbraio 2017): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj472.

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Rice husk derived activated carbons doped with nitrogen have been studied using low temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass-spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been shown that N-doped activated carbon produced by high temperature treatment of the starting material soaked with urea, has a significantly higher anion exchange capacity than the other samples studied, which correlates with its higher adsorption capacity towards nitrate ion removal from aqueous solutions with the initial concentration of 5 and 15 ppm.

17

Mirzaeian, Mojtaba, Qaisar Abbas, Michael R. C. Hunt e Peter Hall. "Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors". Energies 13, n. 21 (26 ottobre 2020): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215577.

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In this study, RF-based un-doped and nitrogen-doped aerogels were produced by polymerisation reaction between resorcinol and formaldehyde with sodium carbonate as catalyst and melamine as the nitrogen source. Carbon/activated carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonisation of the gels under inert atmosphere (Ar) followed by activation of the carbons under CO2 at 800 °C. The BET analysis of the samples showed a more than two-fold increase in the specific Surf. area and pore volume of carbon from 537 to 1333 m2g−1 and 0.242 to 0.671 cm3g−1 respectively after nitrogen doping and activation. SEM and XRD analysis of the samples revealed highly porous amorphous nanostructures with denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways for the activated nitrogen-doped carbon. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms on the Surf. and within the carbon matrix where improvement in wettability with the drop in the contact angle from 123° to 80° was witnessed after oxygen and nitrogen doping. A steady drop in the equivalent series (RS) and charge transfer (RCT) resistances was observed by electrochemical measurements after the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms. The highest specific capacitance of 289 Fg−1 with the lowest values of 0.11 Ω and 0.02 Ω for RS and RCT was achieved for nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped activated carbon in line with its improved Surf. chemistry and wettability, and its enhanced conductivity due to denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways.

18

Yan, Bo, Lin Huan Zhang, Wei Jiang e An Xi Jiang. "Research Progress on Producing Sludge Activated Carbon Doped with Ce". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (dicembre 2012): 1565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1565.

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This paper introduces the preparation and activation methods of sludge activated carbons, including physical activation,chemical activation,chemicophysical activation,catalytic activation,etc. Among these methods,catalytic activation has better application prospect as it owns many advantages.The applications of rare-earth element Ce in TiO2 photocatalysis modification and flue gas desulfurization are described. At the end of the paper , the current research situation and application prospect of sludge activated carbon doped with Ce are discussed.

19

Morales-Torres, Sergio, Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas e Francisco Carrasco-Marín. "Element-Doped Functional Carbon-Based Materials". Materials 13, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020333.

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Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from agricultural waste, organic polymers, or by using advanced synthesizing technologies. The carbon family is very wide, it includes classical activated carbons to more advanced types like carbon gels, graphene, and so on. The surface chemistry of these materials is one of the most interesting aspects to be studied. The incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities and/or heteroatoms such as O, N, B, S, or P on the carbon surface enables the modification of the acidic–basic character, hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity, and the electron properties of these materials, which in turn determines the final application. This book collects original research articles focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.

20

Hou, Lijun, Jinli Zhang, Yanfeng Pu e Wei Li. "Effects of nitrogen-dopants on Ru-supported catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination". RSC Advances 6, n. 22 (2016): 18026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23112d.

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A series of N-doped spherical active carbons were synthesizedviathe pyrolysis of melamine in activated carbon, and used as a support to prepare Ru-based catalysts for an acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.

21

Ya’aini, Nazlina, Arjun Pillay A/L Gopala Krishnan e Adnan Ripin. "Synthesis of activated carbon doped with transition metals for hydrogen storage". E3S Web of Conferences 90 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199001016.

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Carbon materials with high porosity and surface area such as activated carbons with a combination of metal possess great materials to obtain maximum hydrogen adsorption via the hydrogen spillover effect. The properties of activated carbon doped with metals (copper, nickel and palladium) were studied to evaluate the capacity of hydrogen sorption on the materials. Characteristics of the activated carbon doped with copper (AC-Cu), nickel (AC-Ni) and palladium (AC-Pd) were evaluated using particle density test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface and pore analysis (BET). The performance of hydrogen adsorption of the materials was carried out at different pressures of 50, 100 and 150 psi. Characterization of the materials shows that FTIR spectroscopy manage to detect surface functional groups meanwhile the carbon structure and metal content was determined using XRD. BET analysis shows the presence of oxygen groups was decrease the specific surface area whereas the presence of transition metals had increased the surface area. Hydrogen adsorption test at 150 psi indicates that oxygen groups are not a good adsorption characteristic with only a maximum of 0.39 wt% of hydrogen was adsorbed compared to pristine activated carbon’s 0.42 wt% at 150 psi. The presence of transition metals, copper, nickel and palladium increased the overall hydrogen uptake with 0.52 wt%, 0.44 wt% and 0.62 wt% respectively at 150 psi.

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Hoffmann, Viola, Catalina Rodriguez Correa, Saskia Sachs, Andrea del Pilar Sandoval-Rojas, Mo Qiao, Avery B. Brown, Michael Zimmermann et al. "Activated Carbon from Corncobs Doped with RuO2 as Biobased Electrode Material". Electronic Materials 2, n. 3 (2 agosto 2021): 324–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2030023.

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Bio-based activated carbons with very high specific surface area of >3.000 m² g−1 (based on CO2 adsorption isotherms) and a high proportion of micropores (87% of total SSA) are produced by corncobs via pyrolysis and chemical activation with KOH. The activated carbon is further doped with different proportions of the highly pseudocapacitive transition metal oxide RuO2 to obtain enhanced electrochemical properties and tune the materials for the application in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) (supercapacitors). The activated carbon and composites are extensively studied regarding their physico-chemical and electrochemical properties. The results show that the composite containing 40 wt.% RuO2 has an electric conductivity of 408 S m−1 and a specific capacitance of 360 Fg−1. SEM-EDX, XPS, and XRD analysis confirm the homogenous distribution of partly crystalline RuO2 particles on the carbon surface, which leads to a biobased composite material with enhanced electrochemical properties.

23

Bejjanki, Dinesh, Praveen Banothu, Vijay Bhooshan Kumar e Puttapati Sampath Kumar. "Biomass-Derived N-Doped Activated Carbon from Eucalyptus Leaves as an Efficient Supercapacitor Electrode Material". C 9, n. 1 (17 febbraio 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9010024.

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Biomass-derived activated carbon is one of the promising electrode materials in supercapacitor applications. In this work bio-waste (oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves) was used as a carbon precursor to synthesize carbon material with ZnCl2 as a chemical activating agent and activated carbon was synthesized at various temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C. The activated carbon at 700 °C showed a surface area of 1027 m2 g−1 and a specific capacitance of 196 F g−1. In order to enhance the performance, activated carbon was doped with nitrogen-rich urea at a temperature of 700 °C. The obtained activated carbon and N-doped activated carbon was characterized by phase and crystal structural using (XRD and Raman), morphological using (SEM), and compositional analysis using (FTIR). The electrochemical measurements of carbon samples were evaluated using an electrochemical instrument and NAC-700 °C exhibited a specific capacitance of 258 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 with a surface area of 1042 m2 g−1. Thus, surface area and functionalizing the groups with nitrogen showed better performance and it can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitor cell applications.

24

CHANTHEE, Songwuit, Jenjira JIRASANGTHONG, Channarong ASASVATESANUPAP e Malee SANTIKUNAPORN. "Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of nano-copper doped carbon substrates; activated carbon, reduced graphene oxide, and carbon nanofiber". Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, n. 3 (30 settembre 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i3.1270.

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Copper oxides (CuxO) have received considerable attention as a result of their biological activity. Nanoparticles (NPs) of CuxO attached to different substrates exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria and viruses, with similar properties to silver. The antimicrobial activity of CuxO-NPs doped on distinctive carbon materials was investigated for three carbon substrates: apricot stone activated carbon (AAC), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanofiber (CNF). The CuxO-NPs (5 wt%) doped AAC and rGO substrates were prepared by impregnation of copper nitrate followed by a thermal treatment process, while a similar weight of CuxO-NPs doped CNF was fabricated by electrospinning copper nitrate with polyacrylonitrile precursor, followed by carbonization. The CuxO species and chemical functions were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Surface morphology was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the substrates were evaluated by inhibition zone measurement of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results demonstrated significant inhibition distances for different carbon substrates. Interestingly, CuxO-NPs doped over both AAC and rGO surfaces revealed clear zones against bacteria, whereas the inhibition zone was not recorded for CuxO-NPs doped over a CNF substrate. Various parameters such as carbon substrates, particle size, and copper oxide species were investigated.

25

Shamsuddin, Mohd Shafiq, Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman, Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff, Mahani Yusoff e Noor Syuhadah Subki. "Morphology of CuO-Doped Activated Carbon from Kenaf Core Fiber". Solid State Phenomena 264 (settembre 2017): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.169.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mechanochemical process was conducted to synthesis a series of metal oxide doped biomass carbon source followed by carbothermal reduction which obtained via the reaction between activated carbon (AC) and CuO precursor. Microstructure of single AC and CuO-doped activated carbon was conducted using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Thermal behavior was studied using thermogravimetric analyser and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA and DSC) and crystallinity phase was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that mechanochemical process and carbothermal reduction to synthesis CuO-doped AC have a significant effect in term of surface morphology, thermal decomposition and crystallinity. A significant difference of the surface morphology between AC and CuO-AC samples were observed. TGA/DSC analysis revealed that doping of CuO to AC has affected the exothermic and endothermic reaction of the samples. Doping of CuO to AC also brought a significant increase in the degree of crystallinity due to the carbothermal reduction of CuO into Cu. Production of CuO-doped AC was successfully characterized and revealed the potential enhancement for waste treatment.

26

Ai, Tao, Zhe Wang, Haoran Zhang, Fenghua Hong, Xin Yan e Xinhua Su. "Novel Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Bio-Phenol Resin and Its Molten Salt Activation of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrode". Materials 12, n. 12 (20 giugno 2019): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121986.

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Abstract (sommario):

Nitrogen hybridization is an attractive way to enhance the wettability and electric conductivity of porous carbon, which increases the capacitance of carbon-based supercapacitor, however, there is lack of low-cost methods to prepare the nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials. Herein, a novel facile nitrogen-containing bio-phenolic resin was synthesized by polymerization of the carbamate bio-oil, Phenol and paraformaldehyde. As a precursor of nitrogen-doped porous carbon, the nitrogen-containing bio-phenol resin was activated by the one-step molten-salt method. The resultant nitrogen-doped porous carbon showed a high specific surface area up to 1401 m2·g−1. As a supercapacitor electrode, the nitrogen-doped porous carbons showed specific capacitance of 159 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1. It also exhibited high cyclic stability with 94.8% retention of the initial specific capacitance over 1000 charge-discharge cycles at 1.0 A·g−1. The results suggest that these nitrogen-containing bio-phenol resin provide a new source of nitrogen-doped porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.

27

Li, Bing, Fang Dai, Qiangfeng Xiao, Li Yang, Jingmei Shen, Cunman Zhang e Mei Cai. "Nitrogen-doped activated carbon for a high energy hybrid supercapacitor". Energy & Environmental Science 9, n. 1 (2016): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03149d.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present work provides a novel one-step synthesis for nitrogen-doped activated carbon. The excellent performance of the N-doped AC allows its further application in a hybrid-type supercapacitor, which utilizes a combination of the capacitor electrode and a Li-ion battery anode.

28

Qin, Hangdao, Rong Xiao, Lei Guo, Jianling Meng e Jing Chen. "Mercury (II) adsorption from aqueous solution using nitrogen and sulfur co-doped activated carbon". Water Science and Technology 2017, n. 1 (12 marzo 2018): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.117.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) was modified with urea, thioglycolic acid and thiourea to obtain nitrogen doped activated carbon (ACN), sulfur doped activated carbon (ACS) and nitrogen and sulfur co-doped activated carbon (ACNS), respectively. The AC samples were characterized by elemental analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, determination of the pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested for adsorption behaviors of Hg(II) ions. The experimental data of equilibrium isotherms fitted well with the Langmuir model. ACNS showed the highest adsorption capacity of 511.78 mg/g, increasing more than 2.5 times compared to the original ACA. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° at 30 °C were −20.57 kJ/mol, −0.032 kJ/mol K and −10.87 kJ/mol, respectively. It was concluded that the Hg(II) ions' adsorption on ACNS was exothermic, spontaneous and physiosorptive in nature. Finally, the adsorption capacity of ACNS reduced by just 8.13% even after the sixth cycle compared to the initial cycle.

29

Jiménez, José A. "Luminescent tin-doped phosphate glasses activated by carbon". Materials Research Bulletin 88 (aprile 2017): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.12.031.

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30

KIM, Ho Jun, e Hae Kyung JEONG*. "Nitrogen-doped Activated Carbon and Its Electrochemical Properties". New Physics: Sae Mulli 65, n. 3 (31 marzo 2015): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.65.287.

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31

Yang, Cheol-Min, e Katsumi Kaneko. "Adsorption Properties of Iodine-Doped Activated Carbon Fiber". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 246, n. 1 (febbraio 2002): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.8012.

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32

Lee, Ying-Feng, Kuo-Hsin Chang, Chi-Chang Hu e Kuo-Min Lin. "Synthesis of activated carbon-surrounded and carbon-doped anatase TiO2 nanocomposites". Journal of Materials Chemistry 20, n. 27 (2010): 5682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00286k.

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33

Chen, Lung-Chuan, Po-Yang Peng, Long-Full Lin, Thomas C. K. Yang e Chao-Ming Huang. "Facile Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption". Aerosol and Air Quality Research 14, n. 3 (2014): 916–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.03.0089.

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34

Ren, Ruquan, Yan Zhong, Xueyong Ren e Yongming Fan. "Chitosan-based oxygen-doped activated carbon/graphene composite for flexible supercapacitors". RSC Advances 12, n. 39 (2022): 25807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra03949d.

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35

Wang, Feng, Chen Hu, Jiali Lian, Min Zhou, Kangli Wang, Jie Yan e Kai Jiang. "Phosphorus-doped activated carbon as a promising additive for high performance lead carbon batteries". RSC Advances 7, n. 7 (2017): 4174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26093d.

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Abstract (sommario):

Remarkable inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is demonstrated on phosphorus-doped activated carbon, which shows great potential as an additive to the negative electrodes of lead-carbon batteries and other electrochemical applications.

36

Liu, Zi-Ang, Yuxi Tao, Xue-Zhi Song, Ming Bao e Zhenquan Tan. "A three dimensional N-doped graphene/CNTs/AC hybrid material for high-performance supercapacitors". RSC Advances 7, n. 11 (2017): 6664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27420j.

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37

Wang, Lu Jing, Feng Yu Quan, Li Jia Che e Yan Zhi Xia. "Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon/Viscose Fiber". Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (gennaio 2015): 2804–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2804.

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Abstract (sommario):

Viscose fibers (VF) are widely used because of its good bio-compatibility and the adsorbent performance. In this paper, adsorbent fibers were obtained via wet spinning method with the mixed solution of activated carbon dispersion and viscose. The characterization of activated carbon/viscose fibers (ACVF) were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (IR) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Thermo gravimetric (TG). The results showed that activated carbon had already doped to the viscose. Benzene adsorbent performance research indicates that the adsorbent capacity of ACVFis better than VF.

38

Lv, Kang, Hua Zhang e Shuiliang Chen. "Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon modified activated carbon as an efficient oxygen reduction catalyst for microbial fuel cells". RSC Advances 8, n. 2 (2018): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12907f.

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Abstract (sommario):

Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon modified activated carbon shows decreased ORR over-potential, thus enhanced ORR electrocatalytic activity in the air-cathode of microbial fuel cells compared to pristine AC.

39

Hu, Xiao Dong, Hua Deng e Lin Du. "Preparation and Characterization of Fe³⁺ / TiO₂ Thin Films Loaded Activated Carbon and Degradation of Methyl Orange". Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (settembre 2011): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.134.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sol - gel method and doped with Fe3+ modification techniques were used, prepared for high catalytic activity of iron-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles,which loaded on the activated carbon for Degradation of Methyl Orange. Such as crystal structure, particle size, load morphology, chemical state and optical absorption characteristics of the doped titania nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis. Fe-TiO2 catalysts for visible light response and the catalytic degradation of methyl orange in water performance were studied. The results showed that: catalysts prepared were anatase, the particle size decreases with the more amount of iron-doped. The phenomenon of Fe3+-modified TiO2 red shift were obviously. Compared with the undoped catalyst,degradation of Fe3+-TiO2 containing activated carbon improved significantly both in the UV and fluorescent light.

40

Kim, Juyeon, Jinyoung Chun, Sang-Gil Kim, Hyojun Ahn e Kwang Chul Roh. "Nitrogen and Fluorine Co-doped Activated Carbon for Supercapacitors". Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 8, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2017): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2017.8.4.338.

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41

He, Song, Qilin Chen, Guanyu Chen, Guibin Shi, Chichi Ruan, Mengmeng Feng, Yuansheng Ma et al. "N-doped activated carbon for high-efficiency ofloxacin adsorption". Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 335 (aprile 2022): 111848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111848.

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42

Plavniece, A., G. Dobele, A. Volperts, A. Zhurinsh e I. Kruusenberg. "Wood-based nitrogen doped activated carbon for fuel cells". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 503 (25 marzo 2019): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/503/1/012011.

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43

Lee, Kian Keat, Tamara L. Church e Niklas Hedin. "RNA as a Precursor to N-Doped Activated Carbon". ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, n. 8 (20 luglio 2018): 3815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b00589.

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44

Zhang, Ling, Qi Zhou, Jianyong Liu, Ning Chang, Lihua Wan e Junhua Chen. "Phosphate adsorption on lanthanum hydroxide-doped activated carbon fiber". Chemical Engineering Journal 185-186 (marzo 2012): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.066.

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45

Ruan, Chaohui, e Yibing Xie. "Electrochemical performance of activated carbon fiber with hydrogen bond-induced high sulfur/nitrogen doping". RSC Advances 10, n. 62 (2020): 37631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06724e.

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46

Mo, Ru-Juan, Yang Zhao, Min Wu, Hong-Mei Xiao, Shigenori Kuga, Yong Huang, Jin-Pei Li e Shao-Yun Fu. "Activated carbon from nitrogen rich watermelon rind for high-performance supercapacitors". RSC Advances 6, n. 64 (2016): 59333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10719b.

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47

Aravind, M., M. Amalanathan, M. Sony Michael Mary, C. Parvathiraja, Asma A. Alothman, Saikh M. Wabaidur e Mohammad Ataul Islam. "Correction to: Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biological Observations of Green Synthesized Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Doped Silver and Activated Carbon/Silver/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites". Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 32, n. 1 (7 ottobre 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02104-z.

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48

Wang, Zi Qiang, Li Xian Sun, Fen Xu e Xiao Jun Peng. "The Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for Hydrogen Storage". Materials Science Forum 852 (aprile 2016): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.864.

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Abstract (sommario):

The nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres have been synthesized via soft-template and hydrothermal synthetic strategies using phenol/formaldehyde resins as carbon sources and melamine as a nitrogen source. The obtained carbon spheres exhibit a spherical morphology with a size range of 3-5 μm, which possess the narrow microporosity (ca. 1.2 nm) and mesoporosity (ca. 4 nm), large surface area (560-1200 m2 g-1) and high nitrogen contents (up to 15.7 wt%). Due to the well-developed porous structure and high nitrogen content, the carbon spheres show high performance for hydrogen storage, and the hydrogen adsorption capacities are in the range of 140-185 cm3 g-1, which is better than that of most activated carbons. The incorporation of nitrogen into carbons is favored for hydrogen uptake in low pressure.

49

Romanos, J., M. Beckner, D. Stalla, A. Tekeei, G. Suppes, S. Jalisatgi, M. Lee et al. "Infrared study of boron–carbon chemical bonds in boron-doped activated carbon". Carbon 54 (aprile 2013): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.031.

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50

Kuratani, Kentaro, Masaru Yao, Hiroshi Senoh, Nobuhiko Takeichi, Tetsuo Sakai e Tetsu Kiyobayashi. "Na-ion capacitor using sodium pre-doped hard carbon and activated carbon". Electrochimica Acta 76 (agosto 2012): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.040.

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