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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Domestic intelligence – Great Britain – History"

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Лабутина, Т. Л. "“WOMEN OF CATHERINE'S RUSSIA THROUGH THE EYES OF BRITISH DIPLOMATS”". Британские исследования, n. VII(VII) (1 giugno 2022): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.vii.vii.004.

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В рамках востребованного в последние годы в отечественной науке направления (исторической имагологии) автор анализирует взгляды британских послов при дворе Екатерины II на женщин-аристократок. Указанная проблема прежде не являлась предметом специального исследования в исторической науке. Опираясь на дипломатическую переписку дипломатов с госсекретарем Великобритании, а также их мемуары, в статье изучаются их высказывания об императрице и ее ближайшей сподвижнице княгине Е.Р. Дашковой. Выясняется, что послы обращали внимание исключительно на представительниц высших слоев российского общества не только потому, что были ограничены в возможностях контактировать с простолюдинками, но главным образом в силу полученных от короля инструкций — информировать правительство о Екатерине II и ее ближайшем окружении. Дипломаты обращали внимание на характерные черты, манеры поведения, внешность аристократок. Они критически оценивали проводимую императрицей внутреннюю и внешнюю политику, единодушно осуждая самодержавную форму правления в России. В то же время дипломаты были вынуждены признать большие заслуги Екатерины II в ее деятельности, а также высоко оценить такие качества, присущие ей, как смелость, решительность, незаурядный ум и целеустремленность к достижению блага России и ее граждан. Представленный британцами портрет княгини Е.Р. Дашковой позволяет сделать вывод о том, что дамы света в России мало, в чем уступали женщинам Европы, что в свою очередь, корректировало их оценки русского народа как «нецивилизованной нации». Знакомство с восприятием британских послов наиболее известных женщин России во второй половине XVIII века расширяет и обогащает представления современников о социокультурной истории страны Within the framework of the direction demanded in recent years in Russian science (historical imagology), the author analyzes the views of the British ambassadors at the court of Catherine II on aristocratic women. This problem has not previously been the subject of special research in historical science. Based on the diplomatic correspondence of diplomats with the Secretary of State of Great Britain, as well as their memoirs, the author examines their statements about the Empress and her closest associate Princess E.R. Dashkova. It turns out that the ambassadors paid attention exclusively to representatives of the upper strata of Russian society, not only because they were limited in their opportunities to contact with the people, but mainly because of the instructions received from the king — to inform the government about Catherine II and her inner circle. Diplomats paid attention to the characteristic features, demeanor, appearance of aristocrats. They critically assessed the domestic and foreign policy pursued by the Empress, and unanimously condemning the autocratic form of government in Russia. At the same time, the diplomats were forced to recognize the great merits of Catherine II in her activities, as well as to highly appreciate such qualities inherent in her as courage, determination, extraordinary intelligence and determination to achieve the good of Russia and its citizens. The portrait of Princess E.R. Dashkova presented by the British allows us to conclude that the ladies in Russia were little inferior to the women of Europe, which in turn corrected their assessments of the Russian people as an “uncivilized nation”. Familiarity with the perception of British ambassadors of the most famous women of Russia in the second half of the 18th century expands and enriches the ideas of contemporaries about the socio-cultural history of the country.
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MADEIRA, VICTOR. "MOSCOW'S INTERWAR INFILTRATION OF BRITISH INTELLIGENCE, 1919–1929". Historical Journal 46, n. 4 (dicembre 2003): 915–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003352.

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The celebrated ‘Cambridge five’ have hitherto been believed to be the first long-term communist penetration agents in HM government, beginning with Donald Maclean in 1935. However, new research indicates that by 1919 another Cambridge man – like four of the ‘five’, a Trinity graduate – had already begun working for Moscow. This article is the first to examine how William Norman Ewer, known as ‘Trilby’ to his co-conspirators, organized networks in Great Britain and France to target the governments of those two powers. Under close Soviet supervision, Ewer's subordinates infiltrated half-a-dozen Whitehall departments, foremost among them Scotland Yard. Operating under the aegis of the home office, the Yard was a vital cog in the machinery of government set up to combat the ‘red menace’ in this country immediately after the First World War. By compromising the lead agency tasked with fighting them, the Bolsheviks thus created the requisite conditions for the metastasis in Great Britain of Soviet espionage in the 1920s.
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NAROVLIANSKIY, Oleksandr. "EDUCATIONAL TOURISM IN GREAT BRITAIN". Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Philosophy, Pedagogy, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023) (29 dicembre 2023): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54891/2786-7013-2023-2-17.

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The article is devoted to the organisation of educational excursions in the UK and their role in the educational process of secondary schools. The purpose is to analyze the existing experience of organising school trips and to identify opportunities for using this experience in modern education in Ukraine. The historical origins of educational excursions are identified. The results of surveys and other studies conducted in the UK to determine the attitude of teachers to excursions as an element of the educational process, as well as the problems that arise in their organisation, are highlighted. Current experience of conducting excursions in various subjects - history, geography, natural sciences, mathematics, social sciences, computer technology. The article identifies the most popular educational tourism sites in the UK and highlights the methods used to organise school tours (specially designed tours related to the school curriculum, master classes, workshops, etc.) It is noted that special educational and training centers have been set up at certain facilities to conduct training sessions. It is noted that in Britain, excursions to government facilities such as the Parliament, the Royal Palace, the residence of the head of government, and the court have become widespread. It is determined that most museums and other visitor attractions establish preferential conditions for receiving groups of schoolchildren or provide opportunities for free visits. The problems that hinder the development of educational tourism at the present stage of development, in particular, lack of funding, are identified. The role of charitable foundations in the development and support of school excursions and the directions of their activities are highlighted. The experience of involving business structures, in particular Hyundai, in supporting educational tourism is analyzed. The unique experience of parliamentary support for educational tourism through the development of special bills on outdoor education, which are at different stages of consideration by the parliaments of Great Britain, Scotland and Wales, is indicated. The elements of experience that can be used in domestic education are identified.
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Volodymyr Fedorovych, CHERKASOV. "CONTENT OF EDUCATIONAL WORK IN INSTITUTIONS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION OF GREAT BRITAIN". Academis notes. Series: Pedagogical sciences 7 (26 aprile 2024): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.59694/ped_sciences.2024.07.068.

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The article substantiates the content of the organization of educational work in secondary education institutions of Great Britain based on the analysis of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the generalization of the work experience of state and private schools, the introduction of music classes, which positively affects the formation of the personality of the future citizen and defender of general cultural and national values. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the reform of secondary education institutions in Great Britain, we tried to identify psychological-pedagogical and moral-ethical problems of humanizing the educational process, the results of which were aimed at the formation of universal and national values in students. Based on the analysis of the scientific intelligence of British researchers, we were convinced that the reform of the content of educational work in Great Britain led to a shift in emphasis to internal centralization processes, which included the introduction of educational standards and programs of autonomous school management in Great Britain. At the same time, it should be recognized that educators and teachers also provide schoolchildren with leisure time and ensure that students lead a healthy lifestyle. In their free time from classes, school teachers organize excursions for children, organize various sports competitions and involve them in interest clubs. In most boarding houses, music programs have been developed, where children participate in vocal ensembles and learn to play musical instruments. Jazz ensembles, playing electronic musical instruments, and participation in solo singing groups are popular. Keywords: educational work, secondary education institutions, Great Britain.
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JACKSON, PETER. "FRENCH INTELLIGENCE AND HITLER'S RISE TO POWER". Historical Journal 41, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 795–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98008000.

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This article examines the French response to the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany in January of 1933. It argues that French intelligence warned civilian and military leaders that the priorities of the new regime were rearmament and the militarization of German society in preparation for a war of conquest. This essentially accurate appreciation of the situation inside Germany had little impact on the course of French foreign policy. At this juncture French society was preoccupied with worsening economic crisis and pacifist sentiment had reached its inter-war zenith. The national focus was inward and domestic concerns took priority over the external threat from Germany. Finally, France was in a position of relative isolation and could garner no support for a policy of firmness from its erstwhile allies, Great Britain and the United States. This combination of national introspection and diplomatic isolation deterred a succession of governments from taking determined steps to meet the Nazi challenge in 1933.
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Punko, Victoria. "Historiography of the Privatization Processesin Great Britain During the Reign of M. Thatcher in 1979-1990". Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, n. 33-34 (25 agosto 2017): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2016.33-34.328-337.

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The article summarized and systematized documentary and historiographical sources of the privatization process in the UK government in times of conservative government under Margaret Thatcher. Used different genres historiographical sources of domestic and foreign origin, memoirs, collective and individual monographs, historical essays, political biographies, articles and specialized intelligence information pressed. Based on this study the concept of historiography problem causes "neoconservative revolution", its theoretical basis, the state of the British economy for dominance keysianskoyi economic model British model of privatization of periods, forms, tools pozytive and negative side, the possibility of borrowing the British privatization experience in Ukrainian realities. Keywords: Historiography, neo-conservatism, monetarism, economicliberalism, Margaret Thatcher, privatisation, the «popular capitalism»
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RIZAS, SOTIRIS. "Geopolitics and Domestic Politics: Greece's Policy Towards the Great Powers During the Unravelling of the Inter-War Order, 1934–1936". Contemporary European History 20, n. 2 (8 aprile 2011): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000038.

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AbstractThis article examines the evolution of Greece's foreign policy from a position of relative detachment to an increasing involvement in international affairs that eventually led to the country's realignment with Britain during the Abyssinian crisis. It is argued that Greece's foreign policy shift was a result of an interplay between a perceived threat of Italian revisionism, Britain's reappearance in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Abyssinian crisis and domestic political dynamics that led to the defeat of Eleftherios Venizelos who favoured a foreign policy detached from combinations of great powers.
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Paci, Simone, Nicholas Sambanis e William C. Wohlforth. "Status-Seeking and Nation-Building: The “Piedmont Principle” Revisited". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 51, n. 1 (giugno 2020): 65–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01520.

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The pursuit of status on the international stage through participation in the Crimean War was critical to Italy’s drive toward unification. Piedmont’s Prime Minster Count Camillo di Cavour’s entry into the wartime alliance with France and Great Britain was a major component in his nation-building project, which Italy’s enhanced status after the war brought to fruition. Primary sources highlight the nexus between status competition at the international level and domestic political outcomes. Similar processes can explain the success and failure of other nation-building enterprises.
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Schregel, Susanne. "‘The intelligent and the rest’: British Mensa and the contested status of high intelligence". History of the Human Sciences 33, n. 5 (26 novembre 2020): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695120970029.

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This article explores the history of British Mensa to examine the contested status of high intelligence in Great Britain between the late 1940s and the late 1980s. Based on journals and leaflets from the association and newspaper articles about it, the article shows how protagonists from the high IQ society campaigned for intelligence and its testing among the British public. Yet scathing reactions to the group in newspapers suggest that journalists considered it socially provocative to stress one’s own brainpower as extraordinarily high. To better understand such disagreements, the article analyses communicative patterns that were used to make judgements about intelligence. This case study sheds light on how aspects of difference and the ascription of social positions are negotiated in public understandings of intelligence.
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Yakovleva, N. M. "Argentina vs Great Britain: the trajectory of one conflict". Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, n. 3 (19 gennaio 2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-123-135.

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40 years ago, on April 2, 1982, Argentina made a failed attempt by military means to establish sovereignty over the archipelago in the South Atlantic, which was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. The war was the result of a two-century dispute over the ownership of the islands. Upon joining the UN in 1945, Buenos Aires loudly announced its claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and began to seek from the international community to recognize its claims as legitimate. Since then, the problem has been a red thread through the history of the country. The policy of the Argentine authorities on the issue of disputed territories developed with a pendulum dynamic. Periods of de-escalation of the conflict and the development of cooperation with Great Britain, coupled with a friendly attitude towards the islanders, were replaced by phases of the dominance of irreconcilable discourse with a strong demand for the “termination of the colonization policy” by the British authorities. Relations between Argentina and Great Britain after the end of hostilities can be divided into several stages. Regardless of the direction of the course of the next government, the issue of sovereignty over disputed territories has never been removed from the agenda. The Argentine side certainly used the “Malvinas question” as an instrument of domestic policy. Currently, the conflict is in a latent phase with no prospect of an early resolution.
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Tesi sul tema "Domestic intelligence – Great Britain – History"

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O'Connell, Barry John. "British intelligence during the war against Napoleon, 1807-1815". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709285.

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Gioe, David Vincent. "The Anglo-American special intelligence relationship : wartime causes and Cold War consequences, 1940-63". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708484.

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West, Kieran Martin. "Intelligence and the development of British grand strategy in the First World War". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609487.

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Larsen, Daniel Richard. "British intelligence and American neutrality during the First World War". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265571.

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This PhD examines the role of British intelligence in Anglo-American relations during the period of American neutrality in the First \Vorld \Var. Unbeknownst to the Americans, British intelligence began to intercept and decrypt virtually all American diplomatic telegrams between Washington and U.S. diplomatic outposts throughout Europe. Although several studies of Anglo-American relations in this period exist, none consider British intelligence's role. Providing an analysis of the relevant cod.es and cryptographical developments during the war, the thesis traces British intelligence's progress in deciphering these various diplomatic codes and offers an analysis of the distribution and use of this intelligence material. Through an exploration of this intelligence aspect, this thesis challenges existing interpretations of British and American policy in this period. A crucial conflict at the heart of British policy-one missed by previous historians-existed over the importance of the United States. Presaging America's international role later in the twentieth centu1y, many of Britain's leaders came to seriously doubt that, without the United States, the war remained winnable at all. Yet these officials contended with a second, powerful faction that remained wedded to outmoded ideas of America's limited relevance on the global stage and that refused to accept the existence of practical limits to British power. This conflict play~ out in several areas of British policy-over diplomatic, military, financial, and political affairs. Intelligence, however, provea a favoured weapon. Intercepted communications, sometimes ripped from their context, caused serious but spurious paranoia that the Americans were collaborating with Germany. Previous scholars, however, by ignoring the weapon, have failed to see the battle. Until it entered the war, American policymakers worked t:u:elessly to achieve a peaceful settlement. Previous historians have entirely dismissed the significance of these efforts, casting them as well-intentioned but futile. In reality, however, those British leaders who understood Britain's dependence on the United States tended to favour these proposals as a useful way of ending an unwinnable war that was bleeding the country d17- This PhD makes a significant contribution to the history of British intelligence, British policy, and American diplomacy during the period of American neutrality during the First World War.
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Weiss, Victoria A. "Food and the Master-Servant Relationship in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century Britain". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984138/.

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This thesis serves to highlight the significance of food and diet in the servant problem narrative of eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain and the role of food in master-servant relationships as a source of conflict. The study also shows how attitudes towards servant labor, wages, and perquisites resulted in food-related theft. Employers customarily provided regular meals, food, drink, or board wages and tea money to their domestic servants in addition to an annual salary, yet food and meals often resulted in contention as evidenced by contemporary criticism and increased calls for legislative wage regulation. Differing expectations of wage components, including food and other perquisites, resulted in ongoing conflict between masters and servants. Existing historical scholarship on the relationship between British domestic servants and their masters or mistresses in context of the servant problem often tends to place focus on themes of gender and sexuality. Considering the role of food as a fundamental necessity in the lives of servants provides a new approach to understanding the servant problem and reveals sources of mistrust and resentment in the master-servant relationship.
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Ellis, John Edward Kirkham. "Military intelligence operations during the first English Civil War 1642-1646". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361576/.

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Luce, Alexandra Isabella. "British intelligence in the Portuguese world, 1939-1945 : operations against German Intelligence and relations with the Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado (PVDE)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608984.

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Counsell, Fiona Ann. "Domestic religion in seventeenth century English Gentry Households". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7875/.

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This research focuses on domestic religion: those activities through which everyday devotion and the worship of God were performed. It encompasses both the daily communal practices of family religion (prayer, psalm singing, catechising and sermon repetition) and the personal devotions of individuals (prayer, mediation and self-examination) in domestic space. It also considers the extraordinary religious practices of preparation for communion, days of fasting and humiliation, and the experience of sickness and death. The textuality of domestic religion is highlighted in a chapter on reading and writing. The published prescriptive advice is related to the reality of lived experience as revealed through the archives of seventeenth century families, most significantly those of the Harleys of Brampton Bryan in Herefordshire. Domestic religion was a highly complex contiguous cycle of enmeshed interrelated practices. The links were not only between domestic practices but also with public worship. A related theme challenges the supposed interiority of Protestant, and more particularly Puritan, piety, as it highlights the sociable nature of domestic religion. Domestic religion provides a useful lens throughout to explore consensus and division in seventeenth century religious politics and culture. The domestic religion was vital in the construction and projection of family identity.
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Rezk, Dina. "Anglo-American political and intelligence assessments of Egypt and the Middle East from 1957-1977". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608033.

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Bines, Jeffrey. "The Polish country section of the Special Operations Executive 1940-1946 : a British perspective". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/929.

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This thesis is a history of the Polish Country Section of the Special Operations Executive (SOE), a British organisation whose purpose was to infiltrate agents behind enemy lines during World War II. The thesis covers the period 1940 – 1946, the entire period that SOE existed, and its close connection with the Polish special department, formally known as the Sixth Bureau of the Polish Government in Exile. Chapters contained herein each cover a full year of operations from 1941 -1943, followed by two chapters for 1944, and one chapter for 1945-1946. Covered are details of agent training, information on the first flight to Poland to drop agents and couriers and the problems encountered. The German invasion of the Soviet Union and SOE’s thoughts on the predicted outcome is covered, as are also Polish operations in France and indications of support for Polish operations in other parts of the world. Throughout, is evidence of the difficulties in obtaining sufficient air support for flights to Poland which, although inadequate for Polish requirements, were more abundant than many realised at the time. This is especially true with reference to supplies dropped to Warsaw during the rising of 1944. Brief accounts of the meetings between the ‘Big Three’, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin, at Teheran and Yalta in as much as they affected SOE/Polish relations. The thesis finishes with appendices detailing agent/courier parachute drops, lists of personnel involved, a bibliography and glossary.
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Libri sul tema "Domestic intelligence – Great Britain – History"

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Clayton, Anthony. Forearmed: A history of the Intelligence Corps. London: Brassey's (UK), 1993.

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Alderman, Goeffrey. Modern Britain, 1700-1983: A domestic history. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

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Royal Air Force Historical Society., a cura di. Air intelligence symposium. [London?]: Royal Air Force Historical Society, 1997.

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Andrew, Christopher M. The defence of the realm: The authorized history of MI5. Toronto]: Viking Canada [Penguin, Canada], 2009.

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Great Britain. Public Record Office., a cura di. State papers domestic. [Kew, Richmond, Surrey: List and Index Society, Public Records Office], 1999.

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Gudgin, Peter. Military intelligence: A history. Stroud: Sutton, 1999.

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West, Nigel. MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service operations 1909-45. London: Grafton Books, 1985.

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West, Nigel. MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service operations, 1909-45. London: Granada Publishing, 1985.

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West, Nigel. The friends: Britain's post-war secret intelligence operations. London: Coronet, 1990.

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1961-, Aldrich Richard J., a cura di. Espionage, security, and intelligence in Britain, 1945-1970. Manchester, [England]: Manchester University Press, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Domestic intelligence – Great Britain – History"

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Woodward, Llewellyn, e E. L. Woodward. "Great Britain between the Two Wars: Domestic Politics and Economic Problems". In A History of England, 191–210. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003506799-19.

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Gaddis, John Lewis. "Intelligence, Espionage, and Cold War History". In The United States and the End Of the Cold War, 87–104. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195052015.003.0005.

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Abstract We have learned a great deal over the past two decades about the impact of the “intelligence revolution” on World War II strategy.’ That knowledge has led, in turn, to a reassessment of the role of intelligence in earlier periods, and to the emergence of intelligence “studies” as a distinct sub-discipline, complete with its own newsletters, journals, organizations, scholarly meetings, and university courses. But this proliferation of scholarship thins out with the conclusion of the war. It is as if the possibilities for serious research on intelligence end with September, 1945, in a manner almost as decisive as President Harry S. Truman’s when in that same month he abolished with the stroke of a pen the first full-scale intelligence organization the United States had ever had, the Office of Strategic Services. The two phenomena are not, of course, unrelated: the very fact that OSS did not survive into the postwar era has made possible the declassification of most of its records. There is little reason to expect comparable openness anytime soon for the records of the Central Intelligence Group, which Truman created only four months after dismantling OSS, or for those of its more famous successor, the Central Intelligence Agency, whose official existence dates from July, 1947.4 Nor does documentation on code breaking activity in Great Britain and the United States-documentation that for the wartime years has largely sparked scholarly interest in intelligence matters-seem likely to be made available soon for the early postwar era.
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Toprani, Anand. "Conclusion". In Oil and the Great Powers, 253–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834601.003.0009.

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The shift from coal to oil as the developed world’s dominant source of energy was the most significant change in energy-consumption patterns of the twentieth century. It had profound consequences for the global balance of power by limiting the autonomy of Britain, Germany, and other powers lacking domestic sources of oil. Conversely, the shift enhanced the power of the United States and the Soviet Union, both of which possessed extensive supplies. Because of its geopolitical significance, the history of oil is an important chapter in the story of Europe’s decline in the twentieth century, much as the history of coal is central to explaining Europe’s rise a century before....
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Lomas, Daniel W. B. "Wartime apprenticeship: Labour and intelligence during the Second World War". In Intelligence, Security and the Attlee Governments, 1945-51. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099144.003.0002.

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Chapter One examines Labour involvement in the wartime Coalition government and Ministerial access to and use of intelligence. It argues that the Second World War provided an important opportunity for future Ministers in the post-war government to gain knowledge and experience of handling and using intelligence. Within months of the coalition’s formation, Labour Ministers had access to the fruits of British codebreaking. Further, the chapter also suggests that this experience ended any lingering animosity that resulted from the Zinoviev Letter Affair. The chapter places particular emphasis on Attlee’s wartime experiences and provides examples of his use of intelligence and early views on it. It also looks at Labour involvement with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Party attempts to add an ideological facet to British special operations in Europe under Hugh Dalton, Minister of Economic Warfare until 1942. Beyond intelligence and special operations, Labour involvement with intelligence and security extended to the domestic front with Herbert Morrison, appointed Home Secretary in November 1940. Already a fierce opponent of British Communists, he received the product of MI5’s surveillance of the Communist Party of Great Britain and provided the Cabinet with information warning of Communist espionage.
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5

Johnson, Robert. "United Kingdom". In Comparative Grand Strategy, 123–46. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840848.003.0006.

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Great Britain has been influenced strongly by its history, and its grand strategy is shaped by both this legacy and by shifting geopolitics. Nevertheless, it has adapted to these forces, adjusted to its post-imperial posture, and remains an influential, nuclear-armed global power. While Great Britain promotes multilateralism and collective security, and is staunch in its alignment to the United States, it is—as Brexit demonstrates—less certain with regard to its relationship with Europe. It is a firm advocate of NATO, but—harking back to the nineteenth nentury—seeks to avoid the dominance of the continent by any single country. This chapter addresses the tension in the GB’s grand strategy through the legacy of its history, its close alliance with the United States, and the influence of domestic politics on key strategic choices. It also addresses the proactive British approach to the Global War on Terror, and the constraints that now impose themselves in the early decades of the twenty-first century.
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Melnikov, Andrey V. "Correspondence of S.F. Platonov and M.M. Bogoslovsky". In Traditional and innovative ways to explore social history of Russia 12th–20th centuries: Collection of articles in honor of Elena Nikolaevna Shveikovskaya, 174–84. Novyj hronograf, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/94881-516-9.14.

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The article is devoted to the source features of a unique documentary complex – the correspondence of two major Russian historians S.F. Platonov (1860–1933) and M.M. Bogoslovsky (1867–1929). The epistolary dialogue of scientists is of considerable interest not only in terms of studying their life and work. The confidential correspondence reflects significant events in the scientific and social life of Russia, Moscow, Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad. Correspondence is a valuable historical and historiographic source not only for understanding the development of historical science in Russia, the formation of Moscow and St. Petersburg historical schools, but also for studying the public consciousness of the Russian humanitarian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries, in-depth knowledge of the culture of a turning point in the history of Russia. The letters contain valuable information about the everyday life and life of the professors, the organization of scientific life at the Academy of Sciences, the Archaeographic commission, at Moscow university and the Moscow theological academy, at the Moscow higher courses for women, at the Institute of history of the RANION, the Historical Museum, other higher educational institutions and scientific societies two capitals, they reflect the international ties of domestic historical science with scientists from Great Britain, Germany, France, USA, Czech Republic.
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Riehle, Kevin. "Conclusion". In Soviet Defectors, 263–84. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467230.003.0007.

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Several lessons emerge from these defectors’ revelations. First, the motivations of defectors changed based on the circumstances around them, which reflected Soviet policy changes. Those policy changes, such as purges and increased domestic repression, were often at the foundation of defector’s motivations. Second, vetting standards for Soviet personnel assigned to sensitive national security positions fluctuated, depending on the stability in the Soviet government and the level of urgency for hiring new personnel. When the Soviet Union was stable, it had the luxury of enforcing strict standards. When the Soviet Union needed a lot of people fast—such as during purges or wartime—it did not vet them as thoroughly. Finally, the Soviet perception of threat evolved, beginning with Great Britain as the primary threat in the early Soviet era, and joined by Germany after 1933, although Stalin never abandoned hope for an accommodation with Hitler. However, even before Germany was defeated in 1945, Soviet intelligence began targeting its wartime allies. By the late 1940s, when the United States assumed the role of the leader of the democratic world, the label “main enemy” was coined and applied to the United States, which stuck for the rest of the Soviet era.
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