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Articoli di riviste sul tema "DNA"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 10 luglio 2025

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1

Cho, Hyun Kuk, Kyung-Sook Kim, Nam-Ye Kim, Sang-ok Moon, and Seung Beom Hong. "The Effect of Female DNA Extracted from Vaginal Fluid on the Detection of Y-STR Profile and the Quantitative Value of Male DNA." Korean Journal of Forensic Science 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53051/ksfs.2023.24.2.8.

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2

Wulansari, Nuring, Mala Nurilmala, and N. Nurjanah. "Detection Tuna and Processed Products Based Protein and DNA Barcoding." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 18, no. 2 (August 25, 2015): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2015.18.2.119.

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3

Bhandari, Deepika. "Touch DNA: Revolutionizing Evidentiary DNA Forensics." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000314.

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Touch DNA is an advanced technique widely employed in modern criminal justice systems in many developed countries. It aims to extract genetic information from biological substances, specifically the cells shed from the outermost layer of skin, that are left behind on touched objects. This method involves recovering trace amounts of DNA from the biological cells released during contact, even though the quantity is usually very low. The recovered DNA is further analyzed to generate a person's DNA profile. Since dead cells are not really visible to the naked eye, successfully locating and recovering them can be challenging. Performing DNA profiling from the samples that are just touched is quite difficult, hence, requires a highly sensitive approach to its proper recovery, extraction, and amplification of the segment. The methods which are used for the collection, sampling procedure, preservation, removal of contaminants, quantification of DNA, the amplifying of the genetic material, and the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the findings all play a role in how well touch DNA analysis works. Various techniques have been created over time to gather touch DNA. Reliable DNA profiles are produced thanks to the use of sophisticated kits, tools, and well-equipped forensic laboratories, which benefit the criminal justice system.

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Chakarov, Stoyan, Rumena Petkova, George Ch Russev, and Nikolai Zhelev. "DNA damage and mutation. Types of DNA damage." BioDiscovery 11 (February 23, 2014): e8957. https://doi.org/10.7750/BioDiscovery.2014.11.1.

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This review outlines the basic types of DNA damage caused by exogenous and endogenous factors, analyses the possible consequences of each type of damage and discusses the need for different types of DNA repair. The mechanisms by which a minor damaging event to DNA may eventually result in the introduction of heritable mutation/s are reviewed. The major features of the role of DNA damage in ageing and carcinogenesis are outlined and the role of iatrogenic DNA damage in human health and disease (with curative intent as well as a long-term adverse effect of genotoxic therapies) are discussed in detail.

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Fitria, Fitria, R. I. N. K. Retno Triandhini, Jubhar C. Mangimbulude, and Ferry Fredy Karwur. "Merokok dan Oksidasi DNA." Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 5, no. 2 (December 9, 2013): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v5i2.352.

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Cigarette smoke consists of a mix of chemical substances in the form of gases and dispersed particles. Recently, more than 4000 compounds presented incigarette smoke have been isolated. Most of these compounds are toxic to our bodyâ€™s cells. Toxic gases including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide(HCN), nitrogen oxides, and volatile chemicals such as nitrosamines, formaldehyde are found in in cigarette smoke. besides toxic compounds, cigarettesmoke also containsfree radicalsincluding peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide. These free radicals may accelerate cellular damage due tooxidative stress. Targets od free radical attacks include DNA, protein and lipids. The harmful chemicals in form of gases and volatile substances in cigarettescause multiple genetic mutations. the combination of genetic mutations and DNA damage lead to genetic instability and it may cause cancer. OxidativeDNA damage caused by cigarette smoke can be identified with the presence of 8-oxoguanosine used as one of the biomarkers for oxidative DNA damage.Increased concentration of 8-oxoguanosine in DNA has an important role in carcinogenesis and triggers tumor cells. both active and passive smokers havebeen reported to have an elevated concentration of 8-oxoguanosine in their lung tissue and peripheral leukocytes as well as for passive smokers. This paperprovide informations and understanding of the effects of smoking on the genetic stability, especially in the DNA molecule.

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6

Lee, Suk-Hwan, and Ki-Ryong Kwon. "DNA Information Hiding Method for DNA Data Storage." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 51, no. 10 (October 25, 2014): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2014.51.10.118.

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7

Panjiasih Susmiarsih, Tri. "Kajian DNA Rekombinan pada Vaksin DNA dan Vaksin Subunit Protein." Majalah Kesehatan Pharmamedika 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33476/mkp.v10i2.730.

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Vaksin telah dikenal sebagai substansi yang digunakan untuk menstimulasi sistem imun. Saat ini, perkembangan vaksin sudah mencapai generasi vaksin DNA dan vaksin subunit protein.Teknologi perancangan vaksin digunakan dalam mengembangkan berbagai jenis vaksin dengan pendekatan biologi molekular yaitu menggunakan teknik DNA rekombinan yang memerlukan sarana vektor, DNA target, enzim restriksi dan ligasi serta sel inang. Studi ini bertujuan mengkaji teknik DNA rekombinan dalam pembuatan vaksin DNA dan vaksin subunit protein.

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MATSUURA, Kazunori, and Nobuo KIMIZUKA. "DNA Nanocage." Kobunshi 52, no. 3 (2003): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.52.141.

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9

Okayama, Tsuyoshi, Hiroshi Kitabata, and Haruhiko Murase. "DNA Algorithms." Agricultural Information Research 12, no. 1 (2003): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3173/air.12.33.

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10

Marfuah, Siti, Beivy Jonathan Kolondam, and Trina Ekawati Tallei. "Potensi Environmental DNA (e-DNA) Untuk Pemantauan dan Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.1.2021.31780.

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(Article History: Received January 6, 2021; Revised February 12, 2021; Accepted February 28, 2021) ABSTRAK Hilangnya spesies dan adanya spesies invasif dalam suatu habitat dapat menjadi ancaman bagi spesies asli dalam satu ekosistem. Untuk itu diperlukan teknik terkini yang mampu mendeteksi keberadaan suatu organisme. Salah satu teknik yang dapat mendeteksi organisme target di lingkungan secara cepat dan akurat yaitu environmental DNA (e-DNA).Tujuan dari ulasan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengeksplorasi kemampuan e-DNA secara ekogenomik untuk pemantauan dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Ulasan artikel ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai database yang berbasis dalam jaringan. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa dengan menggunakan pendekatan e-DNA pemantauan dan konsevasi keanekaragaman hayati dapat dideteksi sesuai dengan taksonomi organisme dan penanda molekuler. Penanda molekuler Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mampu mendeteksi berbagai spesies baik langka dan invasif. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan e-DNA dapat dijadikan sebagai metode untuk pemantauan dan konsevasi keanekaragaman hayati pada berbagai ekosistem.Kata - kata kunci: environmental DNA; keanekaragaman hayati dan konservasi; penanda molekuler ABSTRACTThe loss of species and the presence of invasive species in a habitat can be a threat to native species in an ecosystem. So we need the latest techniques that are able to detect the presence of an organism. One technique that can detect target organisms in the environment quickly and accurately is environmental DNA (e-DNA). The purpose of this review article is to explore the ecogenomic ability of e-DNA for monitoring and conservation of biodiversity. This article reviews using secondary data obtained from various network-based databases. The results of the analysis show that by using the e-DNA approach, monitoring and conservation of biological diversity can be detected according to the taxonomy of organisms and molecular markers. Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) molecular markers are capable of detecting a variety of both rare and invasive species. Thus it can be concluded that the e-DNA approach can be used as a method for monitoring and conservation of biological diversity in various ecosystems.Keywords: environmental DNA; biodiversity and conservation; molecular markers

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11

Weitzman, Jonathan B. "DNA/DNA microarrays." Genome Biology 2 (2001): spotlight—20010813–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20010813-03.

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12

Strey, Helmut H., Rudi Podgornik, Donald C. Rau, and V. Adrian Parsegian. "DNA-DNA interactions." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 8, no. 3 (June 1998): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80063-8.

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13

Yokoyama, Toru. "DNA Analysis." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 67, no. 9 (2013): 812–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.67.812.

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14

TABATA, Hitoshi, and Tomoji KAWAI. "DNA Network." Kobunshi 50, no. 4 (2001): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.50.251.

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15

Nuraeny, Nanan, Dzulfikal DL Hakim, Fransisca S. Susilaningsih, and Dewi MD Herawati. "Metilasi DNA dan Mukosa Mulut." SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/sjm.v2i2.63.

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Pengaruh lingkungan eksternal pada gen manusia akan berpengaruh pada patogenesis penyakit, dan hal ini dapat diturunkan. Studi tentang perubahan gen fenotip yang diwariskan yang tidak disebabkan oleh perubahan urutan DNA disebut epigenetik. Salah satu mekanisme epigenetik adalah metilasi DNA yang penting dalam mengatur ekspresi gen. Ulasan ini akan menjelaskan studi tentang metilasi DNA pada mukosa mulut. Metode pencarian sistematis Google Scholar dan Pubmed dilakukan untuk semua studi dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil pencarian mendapatkan sebanyak tujuh artikel dengan ukuran sampel yang bervariasi, 16 hingga 177 sampel, sebagian besar studi kasus-kontrol padaoral premalignan lesions (OPL), oral lichenoid disease (OLD), mucositis oral pada acute lymphoblactic leukemia (ALL), dan oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Metilasi DNA pada kanker mulut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hipermetilasi beberapa gen, walaupun status metilasi DNA dalam beberapa kasus belum menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara gen yang diperiksa. Hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara metilasi DNA dan perkembangan mukositis oral pada ALL yang menerima terapi metotreksat (MTX). Mekanisme metilasi DNA pada sel malignanadalah dengan menambahkan gugus metil ke sitosin dinukleotida di CpG (cytosine phosphate guanine) pada daerah promoter oleh enzim DNA methyltransferase sehingga dapat menghambat ekspresi beberapa gen terkait pertumbuhan sel, perbaikan DNA, dan penghambat metastasis. Metilasi DNA adalah biomarker penting dalam perkembangan penyakit mukosa mulut.

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Nuraeny, Nanan, Dzulfikar DL Hakim, Fransisca S. Susilaningsih, Dewi MD Herawati, and Dida A. Gurnida. "Metilasi DNA dan Mukosa Mulut." Sriwijaya Journal of Medicine 2, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/sjm.v2i2.42.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pengaruh lingkungan eksternal pada gen manusia akan berpengaruh pada patogenesis penyakit, dan hal ini dapat diturunkan. Studi tentang perubahan gen fenotip yang diwariskan yang tidak disebabkan oleh perubahan urutan DNA disebut epigenetik. Salah satu mekanisme epigenetik adalah metilasi DNA yang penting dalam mengatur ekspresi gen. Ulasan ini akan menjelaskan studi tentang metilasi DNA pada mukosa mulut. Metode pencarian sistematis Google Scholar dan Pubmed dilakukan untuk semua studi dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil pencarian mendapatkan sebanyak tujuh artikel dengan ukuran sampel yang bervariasi, 16 hingga 177 sampel, sebagian besar studi kasus-kontrol padaoral premalignan lesions (OPL), oral lichenoid disease (OLD), mucositis oral pada acute lymphoblactic leukemia (ALL), dan oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Metilasi DNA pada kanker mulut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hipermetilasi beberapa gen, walaupun status metilasi DNA dalam beberapa kasus belum menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara gen yang diperiksa. Hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara metilasi DNA dan perkembangan mukositis oral pada ALL yang menerima terapi metotreksat (MTX). Mekanisme metilasi DNA pada sel malignanadalah dengan menambahkan gugus metil ke sitosin dinukleotida di CpG (cytosine phosphate guanine) pada daerah promoter oleh enzim DNA methyltransferase sehingga dapat menghambat ekspresi beberapa gen terkait pertumbuhan sel, perbaikan DNA, dan penghambat metastasis. Metilasi DNA adalah biomarker penting dalam perkembangan penyakit mukosa mulut.

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17

Pinto, L. B., I. G. C. Caputo, and M. M. I. Pereira. "Importância do DNA em Investigações Forenses: Análise de DNA Mitocondrial." Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 6, no. 1 (2016): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17063/bjfs6(1)y201684.

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18

KEOHAVONG, PHOUTHONE, ALEXANDRA G. KAT, NEAL F. CARIELLO, and WILLIAM G. THILLY. "DNA Amplification In Vitro Using T4 DNA Polymerase." DNA 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.1988.7.63.

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19

Sutton, M. D., and G. C. Walker. "Managing DNA polymerases: Coordinating DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 15 (July 17, 2001): 8342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.111036998.

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20

Mitra, Manu. "DNA Repairing and its Mechanism in the Cell." ACTA Scientific Medical Sciences 3, no. 8 (July 16, 2019): 116–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3338556.

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Abstract (sommario):

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) repair denotes collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects the damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. Several incisions causes structural damage to the DNA molecule and may alter or eliminate the cell’s ability to transcribe the gene that are affected DNA encodes. There are many techniques and methods to repair DNA, however, in this paper few methods are reviewed. For instance – Mechanism for repairing damaged DNA, Novel technique to repair damaged DNA, Scientist confirm DNA repair, Repairing faulty genes to cure diseases, Repairing DNA: Structure of Mre11 protein bound.

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Tanida, Jun, and Yusuke Ogura. "Photonic DNA computing." Review of Laser Engineering 33, Supplement (2005): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.239.

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Nordstrom, Thomas. "DNA Transforms Masses." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22505142931.

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23

ISOBE, Hiroyuki, and Eiichi NAKAMURA. "Fulleren and DNA." Kobunshi 52, no. 3 (2003): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.52.142.

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TOKUNAGA, Shuto, Shinichi MOCHIZUKI, Noriko MIYAMOTO, and Kazuo SAKURAI. "CpG-DNA Delivery Using DNA Nanotechnology." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 74, no. 6 (2017): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.2017-0019.

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Hain, Patricia, and Donald Lee. "DNA and DNA Extraction." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 32, no. 1 (2003): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2003.0134a.

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Sreedhara, Alavattam, Yingfu Li, and Ronald R. Breaker. "Ligating DNA with DNA." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 11 (March 2004): 3454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja039713i.

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Li, Yingfu, Yong Liu, and Ronald R. Breaker. "Capping DNA with DNA†." Biochemistry 39, no. 11 (March 2000): 3106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi992710r.

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Carmi, N., S. R. Balkhi, and R. R. Breaker. "Cleaving DNA with DNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 5 (March 3, 1998): 2233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2233.

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Li, Y., and R. R. Breaker. "Phosphorylating DNA with DNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 6 (March 16, 1999): 2746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.6.2746.

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30

Graham, E. A. M. "DNA reviews: Ancient DNA." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 3, no. 3 (October 11, 2007): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-007-9009-5.

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31

Arnott, Struther, R. Chandrasekaran, R. P. Millane, and H. S. Park. "RNA-RNA, DNA-DNA, and DNA-RNA Polymorphism." Biophysical Journal 49, no. 1 (January 1986): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(86)83568-8.

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Garai, Ashok, Suman Saurabh, Yves Lansac, and Prabal K. Maiti. "DNA Elasticity from Short DNA to Nucleosomal DNA." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 119, no. 34 (July 24, 2015): 11146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03006.

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Mitra, Manu. "DNA Sequencing Basics and its Applications." SCIOL Genetic Science 1, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 80–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545604.

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Abstract (sommario):

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) sequencing is to determine the order of four chemical building blocks called “bases” that makes up DNA molecule. DNA sequence is a genetic information that is carried out in specific DNA segment. This DNA sequence information can be used to determine which stretches of DNA that contain genes and which transmit supervisory instructions, turning genes on or off and most importantly, sequence data can highlight variations in a gene that may cause disease.     In DNA sequence, double helix, the four chemical bases constantly bond with the same paradigm to form base pairs. For instance, adenine (A) always sets withthymine (T); cytosine (C) always sets with guanine (G). This paring is the basis for the mechanism by which DNA molecules imitate when cells divide. Human genomecontains about 3 billion base pair sets that have instructions for making and maintaining a human being.

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Kim, Eun-Gyeong, Hyo-Gun Yun, and Sang-Yong Lee. "DNA Computing Adopting DNA coding Method to solve Traveling Salesman Problem." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2004.14.1.105.

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Kim, Eun-Gyeong, and Sang-Yong Lee. "DNA Computing Adopting DNA coding Method to solve effective Knapsack Problem." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2005.15.6.730.

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Miller, Jeremy, Kevin Beentjes, Helsdingen Peter van, and Steven IJland. "Which specimens from a museum collection will yield DNA barcodes? A time series study of spiders in alcohol." ZooKeys 365 (December 30, 2013): 245–61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.365.5787.

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We report initial results from an ongoing effort to build a library of DNA barcode sequences for Dutch spiders and investigate the utility of museum collections as a source of specimens for barcoding spiders. Source material for the library comes from a combination of specimens freshly collected in the field specifically for this project and museum specimens collected in the past. For the museum specimens, we focus on 31 species that have been frequently collected over the past several decades. A series of progressively older specimens representing these 31 species were selected for DNA barcoding. Based on the pattern of sequencing successes and failures, we find that smaller-bodied species expire before larger-bodied species as tissue sources for single-PCR standard DNA barcoding. Body size and age of oldest successful DNA barcode are significantly correlated after factoring out phylogenetic effects using independent contrasts analysis. We found some evidence that extracted DNA concentration is correlated with body size and inversely correlated with time since collection, but these relationships are neither strong nor consistent. DNA was extracted from all specimens using standard destructive techniques involving the removal and grinding of tissue. A subset of specimens was selected to evaluate nondestructive extraction. Nondestructive extractions significantly extended the DNA barcoding shelf life of museum specimens, especially small-bodied species, and yielded higher DNA concentrations compared to destructive extractions. All primary data are publically available through a Dryad archive and the Barcode of Life database.

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Stanley, Udogadi Nwawuba, Friday Ukim Ben, Ikhayere Imiefoh Andrew, Maliki Momoh Sunday, and Ehikhamenor Edeaghe. "Assessment of public awareness and willingness for establishment/storage of DNA profile in a national DNA database in Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 204–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7186378.

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Abstract (sommario):

One prominent aspect of forensic deoxyribonucleic acid testing is the establishment and expansion of centralized national forensic DNA databases and body of evidence have continued to emerge, demonstrating the extensive efficiency and effectiveness of the DNA database in assisting criminal investigation globally. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine public awareness on Forensic DNA Database and the willingness for storage of DNA profiles. The design used in this study is the survey research design and the sample size of this study was a total number of five hundred University of Benin students drawn from our population for empirical investigation. The study adopted descriptive statistics which involves the use of frequency and percentage. The result of this study revealed that majority of the respondent demonstrated an adequate level of awareness and knowledge (71.2%), showed good knowledge on the function of a national forensic DNA database (54.4%), demonstrated increased level of awareness and knowledge on the benefit of a national forensic DNA database (44.8%), and revealed that 422 (84.4%) were willing for the storage of their profiles in the national forensic DNA database.The study also observed that a vast proportion of the respondents indicated that fear of violation of individual’s privacy was the only barrier they considered for the storage of DNA profiles in the National Database and our observations provides a good a basis for reviewing and implementing policies that find a reasonable balance based on the creation of moral and ethical spectrum involving professionals in the area of forensics, law enforcement and the public, in particular, social groups which are less involved in genetics.

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Petraccone, L., E. Erra, A. Messere, D. Montesarchio, G. Piccialli, L. De Napoli, G. Barone, and C. Giancola. "Targeting duplex DNA with DNA-PNA chimeras? Physico-chemical characterization of a triplex DNA-PNA/DNA/DNA." Biopolymers 73, no. 4 (2004): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10599.

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DEGUCHI, Tetsuo, and SHIMAMURA Miyuki. "Knotted DNA." Kobunshi 53, no. 4 (2004): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.53.274.

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Immoos, Chad E., Stephen J. Lee, and Mark W. Grinstaff. "DNA-PEG-DNA Triblock Macromolecules for Reagentless DNA Detection." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 35 (September 2004): 10814–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja046634d.

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Burgers, Peter M. J. "Eukaryotic DNA polymerases in DNA replication and DNA repair." Chromosoma 107, no. 4 (September 22, 1998): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050300.

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Abdul, Haseeb A., Premraj E.P Neethu, Nehla, P.K Sruthi, and Hrudya K.P Mentor-. "HYBRID DNA BASED STEGNOGRAPHY." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (November 30, 2016): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10774396.

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Abstract (sommario):

<strong>Abstract: </strong>   <strong>Objective-</strong>The information capacity is growing significantly as well as its level of importance and its transformation rate. In this paper, a blind data hiding hybrid technique is introduced using the concepts of cryptography and steganography in order to achieve double layer secured system. <strong>Phases-</strong>The proposed method consists of two phases: phase one is converting the message to DNA format using the proposed n-bits binary coding rule leading to high algorithm's cracking probability compared with those of other algorithms. Followed by applying the Playfair cipher based on DNA and amino acids to encrypt the secret message which generates ambiguity. Phase two is hiding the cipher secret message parts with the ambiguity results from from the first phase. The data is hidden using the least significant base (LSBase) only of each codon of a selected DNA reference sequence using 3:1 hiding strategy.The proposed technique achieves hiding the data in DNA with preserving its biological functions as possible without requiring any extra data to be sent to the receiver. <strong>Keywords: </strong>DNA Encryption, Playfair Cipher, Stegnography, DNA Decryption.

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43

LEFEBVRE, PATRICIA, PETR ZAK, and FRANÇOISE LAVAL. "Induction of O6-Methylguanine-DNA-Methyltransferase and N3-Methyladenine-DNA-Glycosylase in Human Cells Exposed to DNA-Damaging Agents." DNA and Cell Biology 12, no. 3 (April 1993): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.1993.12.233.

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44

Ossipov, Dimitri, Edouard Zamaratski, and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya. "Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine-Tethered Oligo-DNA: Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Their DNA⋅DNA and DNA⋅RNA Duplexes and DNA⋅DNA⋅DNA Triplexes." Helvetica Chimica Acta 82, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 2186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2675(19991215)82:12<2186::aid-hlca2186>3.0.co;2-1.

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45

Chakarov, Stoyan, Rumena Petkova, and George Ch Russev. "DNA repair systems." BioDiscovery 13 (September 22, 2014): e8961. https://doi.org/10.7750/BioDiscovery.2014.13.2.

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This paper provides detailed insight into the mechanisms of repair of different types of DNA damage and the direct molecular players (enzymes repairing the damage or tagging the damaged site for further processing; damage sensor molecules; other signalling and effector molecules). The genetic bases of diseases and conditions associated with defective DNA repair are comprehensively reviewed, from the ''classic'' severe diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome to the much more subtle UV sensitivity syndromes. The review analyses the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the relatively rare monogenic diseases of DNA repair and management of genome integrity as well as the common multifactorial diseases and conditions with late onset that are associated with increased levels of oxidative stress (metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease) and with accumulation of ''errors'' in DNA (normal and pathological ageing phenotypes, various cancers). The role of cell cycle checkpoints in dividing cells and the mechanisms of decision-making for the fate of a damaged cell are discussed with regards to the cell homeostasis in normal and cancerous tissues. The role of major DNA damage-associated signalling and effector molecules (p53, ATM, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, DNA-dependent protein kinase, BRCA proteins, retinoblastoma protein, and others) is discussed and illustrated with examples in the context of health and disease. DNA repair and programmed cell death are viewed together as a unified mechanism for limiting the presence of damaged cells and cells with potentially oncogenic transformation in multicellular organisms. Special attention is paid to ageing as a natural phenomenon and an adaptive evolutionary mechanism, with a brief outline of ''successful ageing''. The differential rates of repair of DNA in transcribed and nontranscribed regions of the genome and the specificities of DNA repair profile in some types of cells (terminally differentiated cells, pluripotent stem cells, etc.) and in certain taxonomic groups (e.g. ''the rodent repairadox'') are discussed with regards to replicative ageing and the evolutionary processes on micro- and macroscale. The role of mutagenesis as a ''hit and miss'' mechanism and the ''leakiness'' of DNA repair for increasing genetic diversity in the course of individual life and on evolutionary scale and the phenomenology of ongoing molecular evolution are extensively reviewed.

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46

ELSNER, HENRIK I., and ERIK B. LINDBLAD. "Ultrasonic Degradation of DNA." DNA 8, no. 10 (December 1989): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.1989.8.697.

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47

Karni, Moshe, Dolev Zidon, Pazit Polak, Zeev Zalevsky, and Orit Shefi. "Thermal Degradation of DNA." DNA and Cell Biology 32, no. 6 (June 2013): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2013.2056.

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48

Nawy, Tal. "DNA variants or DNA damage?" Nature Methods 14, no. 4 (April 2017): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4254.

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49

Seeman, Nadrian C. "DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY: Novel DNA Constructions." Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 27, no. 1 (June 1998): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.27.1.225.

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50

LILLEY, DAVID M. J. "DNA supercoiling and DNA structure." Biochemical Society Transactions 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0140211.

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