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1

Rackham, Benjamin. "Single molecule studies of ligand-DNA interactions using atomic force microscopy". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48783/.

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This thesis describes the results of experiments into the intra and inter-molecular binding of various ligands with dsDNA via the mechanism of intercalation, principally using the technique of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Since the description of the first AFM in the mid 1980’s, AFM has emerged as a sensitive and versatile analytical tool, capable both of detecting and manipulating artefacts at picometer resolutions. In these studies, AFM imaging, supported by circular dichroism, reveals unusual conformational changes in DNA that occur as a result of the binding of ligands that incorporate the acridine chromophore. These changes are distinct from those observed following the binding of other intercalators such as doxorubicin and echinomycin. Direct measurement of the length of linear DNA strands bound to acridine based ligands reveals a shortening of the DNA at very low ligand concentrations. This observation suggests that the structural changes that occur in DNA following the intercalation of the acridine chromophore are more wide ranging than previously thought and support molecular modeling studies that have proposed that the intercalated DNA duplex exhibits characteristics of both B and A form DNA. Variations in the conformational changes that occur in DNA as a result of intercalation may have implications for the application of new intercalating ligands as chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, single molecule force spectroscopy has been used to examine the capacity of bisintercalators to bind to DNA in an inter-molecular fashion. By stretching individual strands of dsDNA, acridine dimers are shown to bind to separate strands of DNA. Intermolecular binding of this kind remains an unexplored cytotoxic mechanism that may yet find an application in vivo. This observation is supported by a novel assay that utilises the controlled aggregation of gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, functionalised with DNA, are shown to aggregate on addition of a bisintercalator. The aggregation is fully reversible with the addition of sodium dodecylsulphate. These force spectroscopy experiments have also uncovered a previously unobserved, intermolecular binding mode of the peptide antibiotics echinomycin and TANDEM. In certain circumstances, these ligands are revealed to bind exclusively to the termini of separate DNA strands in a sequence dependent fashion. This finding may have implications for the employment of these ligands in the nanosciences, as a tool for joining short pieces of DNA or improving the efficiency of the enzymatic, blunt-end ligation of DNA.
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2

Zietlow, Christopher Mark. "SPIN-LABELED DNA CATIONIC LIGAND INTERACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-VIRAL GENE THERAPY". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997112806.

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3

Rangan, Anupama. "Structural studies of nucleic acids dynamics of RNA pseudoknots and G-quadruplex DNA-ligand interactions /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077362.

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4

Schechner-Resom, Martina Gabriele. "Ligand binding and molecular flexibility : Studies on DNA gyrase B". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR1A001.

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L’ADN gyrase est une enzyme vitale pour la bactérie grâce à sa capacité de manipuler les molécules d’ADN dans la cellule vivante. Cette capacité fait de l’ADN gyrase une cible idéale pour des composés anti-infectieux. Dans ce travail, l’ADN gyrase a été étudié par des méthodes de modélisatoin moléculaire. Une approche de conception de ligands basée sur la structure a été entreprise sur le sous-domaine N-terminal de 24 kDa de l’ADN gyrase B (domaine GHKL). La flexibilité de deux boucles du site actif du domaine GHKL a été étudiée par des simulations de dynamiques moléculaires en présence de différents ligands. Dans une dernière partie, une analyse des modes normaux du dimère du domaine N-terminal de 43 kDa a été entreprise
DNA gyrase is a vital bacterial enzyme necessary for the handling of the large DNA molecules in the living cell. Therefore DNA gyrase is an ideal target enzyme for anti-infectious compounds. In this work DNA gyrase has been studied by molecular modelling methods. A computational structure-based ligand design approach has been carried out on the N-terminal 24 kDa subdomain of DNA gyrase B (GHKL domain). To further examine the flexibility of two active site loops, molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on the GHKL domain in different ligand binding conditions. In a final part, normal mode analysis has been carried out on the dimer of the 43 kDa domain of DNA gyrase B
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5

Greguric, Antun, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e of Science Food and Horticulture School. "The DNA binding interactions of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Greguric_A.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/620.

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This thesis reports on the synthesis, characterisation, enantiomeric resolution, 1H NMR structural study and physical evaluation of a series of certain bidentate ligand metal complexes, where ‘L-L’ denotes the ancillary bidentate ligand and ‘intercalator’ indicates the intercalating bidentate ligand. The L-L series varies in size and shape. Results of many tests and projects conducted are explained in detail.
Master of Science (Hons)
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6

McFail-Isom, Lori. "Effects of ligand binding, coordinate error and ion binding on nucleic acid structure and conformation". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30735.

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7

Greguric, Antun. "The DNA binding interactions of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/620.

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Abstract (sommario):
This thesis reports on the synthesis, characterisation, enantiomeric resolution, 1H NMR structural study and physical evaluation of a series of certain bidentate ligand metal complexes, where ‘L-L’ denotes the ancillary bidentate ligand and ‘intercalator’ indicates the intercalating bidentate ligand. The L-L series varies in size and shape. Results of many tests and projects conducted are explained in detail.
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8

Siu, Kit-man Phyllis. "Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes : protein binding studies and biological applications /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30575357.

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9

Wang, Yan. "Effects of glucocorticoid receptor binding on base excision repair at deoxyuridine in the glucocorticoid response element". Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/y%5Fwang%5F072106.pdf.

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10

Rhoad, Jonathan Sidney. "DNA-binding carbohydrates for coordination to a photoactive dirhodium complex and molecular dynamics studies of methyl furanosides evaluation of available force fields /". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101315894.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 160 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-120). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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11

Patton, Randy Alexander. "Utilizing DNA Nanostructures for the study of the Force Dependency of Receptor – Ligand Interactions". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503071673023257.

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12

Bai, Liping. "The noncovalent binding of benzophenathridine alkaloids to double-stranded, bulged and G-quadruplex DNA". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/910.

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13

Greguric, Antun. "The DNA binding interactions of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes /". View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030410.094714/index.html.

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Thesis (M. Sc.) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfilment of the rquirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours), February, 2002. Includes bibliographical references.
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14

Wong, Kar-ho. "Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(II) and gold(III) complexes for molecular recognition and DNA binding studies /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20357874.

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15

Siu, Kit-man Phyllis, e 蕭潔敏. "Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes: protein binding studies and biological applications". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501498X.

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16

Ismail, Matthew Arif. "DNA-ligand interactions : a biophysical study of 9-hydroxyellipticine, Hoechst 33258 and a meso-substituted porphyrin derivative binding to DNA". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4314/.

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The binding of 9-hydroxyellipticine (9-OHE), Hocchst-33258 (Hoechst) and trans-bis-(4- N-methylpyridiniumyl)diphenylporphyrin (t-112P) to DNA has been studied by means of spectroscopic techniques. The binding modes of t-H2P to calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA), poly[d(G-C)12 and poly[d(A-T)12 were dependent on ionic strength, ligand load on DNA and the base composition at the binding site. At low ionic strength, flow linear dichroism (LD) data suggested t-H2P binds to ct-DNA and poly[d(A-T)12 in an orientation consistent with groove binding and to poly[d(G-C)12 in an orientation consistent with partial intercalation. Interpretation of the spectroscopic data was facilitated by molecular modelling. At high ionic strength, circular dichroism (CD) and resonance light scattering (RLS) measurements indicated the formation of extended t-H2P aggregates on DNA. In addition, the approximate, average transition moment polarisations of t-H2P were assigned from stretched film LD data to facilitate interpretation of the flow LD data. The interaction of Hoechst with poly[d(G-C)12 and poly[d(A-T)12 was studied with CD, LD, RLS and fluorescence spectroscopy. The mode of Hoechst binding to poly[d(G-C)]2 was ligand load independent. The collective spectroscopic data suggested abinding mode in which part of the molecule intercalates and part lies extensively stacked in the poly[d(G-C)12 major groove. Hoechst binding to poly[d(A-T)12 was ligand load dependent. The molecule was observed to bind as dimers or small oligomers at the lower ligand loads studied, with extended aggregates being formed as the concentration of bound Hoechst was increased. LD measurements suggested a binding orientation inconsistent with minor groove binding thus it was concluded that the molecule stacked in the major groove. 9-OHE binding to ct-DNA, poly[d(G-C)12 and poly[d(A-T)12 was studied with LD, RLS and normal absorption spectroscopy. Binding by intercalation was shown to occur with each of the three DNAs. The intercalated mode was shown to be complemented at high ligand load by a stacked binding mode. LD data pertaining to the stacked mode were inconsistent with minor groove binding in which the 9-OHE plane lies at 45' to the helix axis, thus it was concluded that the stacking occurred in the major groove. The stacked binding mode occurred most readily on poly[d(G-C)12. The flow LD data were complemented with film LD measurements from which the approximate, average transition moment polarisations were assigned.
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17

黃家豪 e Kar-ho Wong. "Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(II) and gold(III) complexes for molecular recognition and DNA binding studies". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221919.

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18

Nutiu, Razvan Li Yingfu. "Fluorescent functional DNA for bioanalysis, drug discovery and nanotechnology". *McMaster only, 2006.

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19

Todd, Jean Ann. "Platinum(II) complexes containing 1,2- and 1,7-carborane ligands for boron neutron capture therapy". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht634.pdf.

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20

Tevis, Denise Susanne. "Heterocyclic Diamidines Induce Sequence Dependent Topological Changes in DNA; A Study Using Gel Electrophoresis". unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04162009-154105/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from file title page. W. David Wilson, committee chair; Stewart A. Allison, Kathryn B. Grant, committee members. College of Arts and Sciences.Description based on contents viewed July 22, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
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21

Prasannan, Charulata Bhaskaran. "Modulation of restriction enzyme PvuII activity by metal ion cofactors". Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4461.

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22

Miyoshi, Emi. "Platinum(II) complexes : studied by diffusion NMR". Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/33587.

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Six novel platinum(II) intercalators of the form [Pt(AL)(IL)]Cl2, where AL = ethylenediamine (en), 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane (R,R-dach), or 1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane (S,S-dach) and IL = 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-dhp) or 4,7-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-dcp), were synthesised. All complexes were prepared by the addition of the intercalating ligand followed by the addition of the diamine ancillary ligand. The complexes with 4,7-dhp were soluble in DMSO and were characterised by 1H, 13C, and 195Pt NMR, elemental analysis, UV-vis, ESI-MS, and CD. The complexes with 4,7-dcp were only soluble in a highly acidic solution and, therefore, were characterised only by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The cytotoxicity of the 4,7-dhp complexes was tested in the L1210 murine leukaemia cell line. [Pt(S,S-dach)(4,7-dhp)]Cl2 showed an IC50 value of > 80 μM. The antitumour and antibacterial activities of all six complexes were tested in vitro using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method with Staphylococcus aureus and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The 4,7-dhp complexes showed no activity to these bacteria strains. The activities of the 4,7-dcp complexes were not able to be tested due to their solubility only in acidic solutions, which itself inhibits cell growth. The diffusion coefficients of the Pt(II) intercalators of the form [Pt(AL)(IL)]Cl2, where AL = en, R,R-dach, or S,S-dach and IL = phen, 4-mp, 4,7-dmp, 4,7-dhp, 4,7-dcp or 3,4,7,8-tmp and various starting materials used during the synthesis of these complexes were measured using pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR. The diffusion coefficients of both 4,7-dcp and [Pt(4,7-dcp)Cl2] were observed to be lower than other compounds with similar molecular weights indicating dimerisation of the compounds. The binding studies of the systems, [Pt(en)(phen)]Cl2 to (i) BSA, (ii) delipidated BSA, and (iii) d(GTCGAC)2 were studied using a simple two-site binding model with diffusion NMR. The binding of [Pt(en)(phen)]Cl2 – BSA was well described by the model giving the values Kd = 0.0021 ± 0.0002 M and n = 5.85 ± 0.31. On the contrary, the binding of [Pt(en)(phen)]Cl2 – delipidated BSA showed a poor fit to the model. From the poor fit of the data, it was speculated that the transverse relaxation of BSA largely affected the system. The binding of [Pt(en)(phen)]Cl2 – d(GTCGAC)2 showed results where the diffusion coefficient decreases as the concentration of the drug increases but an opposite effect was observed from the point where the drug reached equimolar concentrations to d(GTCGAC)2. It was speculated that the drug undergoes allosteric binding to the biomolecule or that a conformational change occurred as the drug concentration increases in the system. A further study of [Pt(en)(phen)]Cl2 and K2PtCl4 using 195Pt diffusion NMR was conducted giving a diffusion coefficient of 3.08 ± 0.04 × 10-10 m2 s-1 for K2PtCl4. The diffusion coefficient of [Pt(en)(phen)]Cl2, however, were unobtainable due to the short transverse relaxation of the Pt complex.
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23

Howard, Warren A. "Synthesis and characterisation of platinum(II) and ruthenium(II) polyamide conjugates". Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/43899.

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This thesis reports the synthesis and characterisation of two novel metallo-polyamide conjugates; LLSP4-Pt and LLSP4-Ru. Several synthetic strategies were employed in the development of the polyamides, beginning with solution phase chemistry. Construction of the polyamide was attempted via chain elongation with sequential additions of pyrrole monomers, however, solution phase methods were unable to achieve the coupling of four consecutive pyrrole rings. Solid phase chemistry, using a peptide synthesiser, was then used as an alternative. Synthesis using solid phase chemistry required the production of the monomeric building block Fmoc-py-COOH using adaptations of various literature methods and was successfully characterised by 1H NMR. The proof-of-concept molecule LLSP4-DPA was the first polyamide made using Fmoc-β-Alanine-OH-WANG resin although several impurities from the cleaving agent 3-dimethylaminopropylamine persisted despite attempts at purification. The solid phase support was then changed to chlorotrityl resin and was used to synthesise the precursor polyamide LLSP4 with high purity. LLSP4-Pt was then successfully made using chlorotrityl resin and characterised by NMR (1H and 195Pt), ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The ligands dpq, 4-CO2H-phen and intermediates thereof, were successfully synthesised and used in the production of the ruthenium conjugate. The precusor LLSP4-(4-CO2H-phen) was made using the same solid phase techniques employed for LLSP4-Pt. Coordination of [Ru(dpq)2Cl2] to LLSP4-(4-CO2H-phen) was afforded by heating in EtOH producing LLSP4-Ru which was characterised by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. Preliminary studies showed that upon addition of DNA to LLSP4-Ru a large increase in fluorescence is seen which suggests an intercalative binding mode. DNA binding studies for LLSP4-Pt were conducted using CD based titrations with ct-DNA. The binding constant of LLSP4-Pt was found to be 4.1 × 105 M-1 with a binding site size of 4 base pairs. The ability LLSP4-Pt to form coordinate covalent bonds with guanosine nucleosides was investigated and monitored by 1H NMR. Incubation of guanosine with LLSP4-Pt shows a new resonance for H1' is observed at 5.98 ppm while two new resonances for H8 are observed at 8.78 and 8.79 ppm.
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24

Howard, Warren A. "Synthesis and characterisation of platinum(II) and ruthenium(II) polyamide conjugates". View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/43899.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Miyoshi, Emi. "Platinum(II) complexes studied by diffusion NMR /". View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/33587.

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Thesis (M.Sc.) (Hons)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours). Includes bibliographies.
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26

Ruhayel, Rasha A. "Multinuclear platinum anticancer therapeutics : insights into their solution chemistry and DNA binding interactions from NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling". University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0021.

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In the 1980's, Nicholas Farrell developed a range of structurally distinct multinuclear Pt complexes that form long-range interstrand crosslinks (IXLs) in DNA. The dinuclear complex [{trans-PtCl2(NH3)}2-µ-(H2N(CH2)6NH2)]2+ (1,1/t,t) was the first of this series to show promising results, however, it was the trinuclear complex [{trans-PtCl2(NH3)}2-µ-trans-Pt(NH3)2(H2N(CH2)6NH2)2]4+ (1,0,1/t,t,t or BBR3464) that was chosen for clinical trials based on significantly increased cytotoxicity compared to 1,1/t,t and cisplatin. Molecular biology experiments have shown that 1,1/t,t exclusively forms IXLs in DNA in the 5'¿ 5' direction, whilst 1,0,1/t,t,t can form IXLs in both the 5'¿5' and 3'¿3' directions. Previously, 2D [1H,15N] HSQC NMR has been used to study the formation of 5'–5' 1,4–GG IXLs. The formation of 3'–3' 1,4–GG IXLs have been studied as part of this thesis. More recently, Pt complexes such as [{trans–PtCl2(NH3)}2{H2N(CH2)6(NH2(CH2)2NH2)(CH2)6NH2}]4+ (1,1/t,t–6,2,6) and [{trans–PtCl2(NH3)}2{H2N(CH2)6(NH2)(CH2)6NH2}]3+ (1,1/t,t–6,6), where the charged central Pt moiety of 1,0,1/t,t,t is replaced by a polyamine linker, have been developed in the Farrell group and show increased potency compared to 1,0,1/t,t,t. The complex 1,1/t,t 6,2,6 is a lead candidate currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials. Prior to the work presented in this thesis, little was known about the aquation chemistry or kinetics of DNA binding of these novel complexes. Reported in Chapter 3 is the study of the formation of 3'–3' 1,4–GG IXLs by both 1,0,1/t,t,t and 1,1/t,t in the duplex 5' {d(TATACATGTATA)2} (33–14XL) (pH 5.4, 298K). A combination of 1D 1H and 2D [1H, 15N] HSQC NMR experiments was used to directly compare the results with the stepwise formation of the 5'–5' 1,4–GG IXL with the previously studied duplex, 5' {d(ATATGTACATAT)2} (55–14XL), under the same conditions. Preassociation as well as aquation were similar, however, differences were observed at the monofunctional binding step with evidence for numerous monofunctional adducts. Both reactions did not yield a single 3'–3' 1,4–GG IXL, rather several adducts that could not be characterised. Molecular dynamics simulations of the 3'–3' 1,4–GG IXLs showed highly distorted lesions that may have implication in cellular repair processes.
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Koirala, Deepak P. "Mechanochemistry, Transition Dynamics and Ligand-Induced Stabilization of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes at Single-Molecule Level". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397919270.

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Nguyen, Huynh Nha Thi. "Développements en spectrométrie de masse pour l’étude des complexes biologiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF045/document.

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L’élucidation des interactions non-covalentes des complexes biologiques revêt d’une importance majeure dans la compréhension du fonctionnement cellulaire. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’approfondir les développements de la spectrométrie de masse (MS) pour l’étude de ces complexes, que ce soit par MALDI-MS (la désorption-ionisation laser assistée par matrice) ou par ESI-MS (l’ionisation électrospray). Ce travail s’est articulé autour de trois axes : i) étude de la stœchiométrie et de la topologie du complexe SAGA HAT (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acétyltransferase, module Histone Acétyl Transferase) par pontage chimique couplé à la MS ; ii) suivi de la dimérisation des complexes formés par RAR-RXR (récepteur de l’acide rétinoïque - récepteur X des rétinoïdes) avec différents ADNs ; iii) mesure de la constante de dissociation des complexes RXR-ligand. Les méthodologies développées ont permis de repousser le potentiel de la MS et d’obtenir des informations structurales des complexes biologiques
Elucidation of non-covalent interactions of biological complexes takes on great importance for the understanding of cellular function. The purpose of this thesis is a further development of mass spectrometry (MS) for the study of these complexes, either by MALDI-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization) or by ESI-MS (electrospray ionization). This work was focused on three main lines: i) study of the stoichiometry and the topology of SAGA HAT (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase, Histone Acetyl Transferase module) complex by chemical cross-linking coupled to MS; ii) monitoring the dimerization of the complexes formed by RAR-RXR (retinoic acid receptor - retinoid X receptor) with different DNAs; iii) measuring the dissociation constant of RXR-ligand complexes. The developed methodologies made it possible to expand the potential of MS and get insight into structure of biological complexes
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Mougeot, Romain. "Synthèse de sondes fluorescentes hybrides epicocconone-triphénylamine pour le piégeage de protéines liées aux zones à risques de l'ADN". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR126.

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La compréhension des mécanismes biologiques et l’implication des protéines dans ces mécanismes ont toujours été un enjeu important pour les biologistes. Les zones à risques de l’ADN impliquées dans les cancers, comme les G-quadruplex, les zones riches en Adénine-Thymine et leurs environnements proches sont particulièrement étudiés depuis de nombreuses années. L’essor des techniques d’analyses par fluorescence a permis aux scientifiques de mettre au point des sondes marquant ces domaines avec toujours plus de précision et de sensibilité. Cependant, de nombreuses interrogations existent sur la nature des interactions entre ces zones de l’ADN et les protéines. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, la synthèse d’une sonde pro-fluorescente alliant un ligand de l’ADN (conçu d’après les travaux des équipes de l’Institut Curie, UMR 176) à un piège à protéines (basé sur le squelette de l’epicocconone) a été réalisée et son efficacité biologique a été évaluée. Ces deux parties ont été assemblées en utilisant une réaction de cycloaddition 1,3 dipolaire spontanée entre un azoture et un alcyne contraint (SPAAC). De plus, au cours de ces travaux, une nouvelle bibliothèque de ligands de l’ADN a été synthétisée en utilisant une méthodologie innovante basée sur une réaction de C-H activation « on water »
Understanding biological process and proteins involved in has challenged biologists’ mind for a while. Specific DNA sequences, such as G-quadruplex and Adenine-Thymine rich sequences, have been studied for many years, especially for their involvement in genetic diseases like cancer. Scientists have also been interested in fluorescence monitoring and imaging of these specific sequences for a long time. Indeed, the huge sensitivity of these fluorescent technics and the wide scope of synthetic dyes available allowed several improvements on targeting DNA sequences responsible for genetic disorders. Nonetheless, relation between proteins and these areas remains mostly unknown. In order to answer this question, a pro-fluorescent dye built of two main parts, which are a DNA ligand (designed by Curie Institute teams, UMR 176) and a protein trap (based on epicocconone core). These parts were synthesized, coupled thanks to a Spontaneous Azoture Alkyne Cycloaddition (SPAAC) and the biological properties of the probe were evaluated. Furthermore, new ligands were synthesized using a new and innovating method of “on water” C-H activation reaction
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30

Caron, Coralie. "Ligands macrocycliques de sites abasiques en tant qu'inhibiteurs de la réparation de l'ADN : Synthèse, études biochimiques et biologiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS237.

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Dans le contexte de la chimiothérapie, la réparation de l’ADN réduit les dommages induits par les agents alkylants de l’ADN dont le témozolomide (TMZ), conduisant à la chimiorésistance. Une des voies principales de réparation de l’ADN est la voie par excision de base (BER) au sein de laquelle une enzyme clée, APE1 (endonucléase AP 1), clive les sites abasiques générés suite aux traitements par les agents alkylants et initie la réparation de la coupure simple-brin. Ce mécanisme représente une source majeure de chimiorésistance dans certains cancers. Plusieurs études ont ainsi validé la voie BER et plus particulièrement APE1 comme une cible importante dans le but d’améliorer l’efficacité des agents anticancéreux; pour ces raisons, de nombreux inhibiteurs d’APE1 ont été développés. Cependant, à la place d’une inhibition directe de l’enzyme, une stratégie alternative consiste à cibler le substrat de cette dernière : les sites abasiques. Les composés macrocycliques de type naphtalénophane ont montré la capacité à se lier fortement et sélectivement aux sites abasiques. Ce processus interfère avec la reconnaissance de ces derniers par APE1 et conduit in vitro à deux effets : l’inhibition du clivage enzymatique d’APE1 et le clivage du site AP par les macrocycles par un mécanisme différent de celui d'APE1, de type β-élimination. Ainsi, une nouvelle série de naphtalénophanes fonctionnalisés, composée de neuf nouveaux dérivés, a été synthétisée et étudiée. La plupart des macrocycles démontre la capacité à se lier fortement et sélectivement aux sites abasiques de l’ADN ainsi qu’à inhiber l’activité d’APE1 in vitro, avec des constantes d’inhibition s'étalant de 39 nM à 25 µM. De plus, l’activité d’inhibition d’APE1 par les ligands, caractérisée par les valeurs de Kı, a pu être corrélée avec leur affinité et leur sélectivité pour les sites abasiques. La structure moléculaire des macrocycles montre une forte influence sur l’activité de clivage de ces derniers pouvant conduire à une abolition ou à une très haute activité de clivage des sites abasiques. De façon intéressante, la formation d’un adduit covalent ADN – ligand avec un des macrocycles a été caractérisée. Enfin, l’activité biologique des naphtalénophanes sur la lignée cellulaire de glioblastome T98G résistante au TMZ a été étudiée. La plupart des ligands affiche une cytotoxicité élevée, avec des GI₅₀ de l’ordre du micromolaire. De plus, un remarquable effet synergique lors du traitement des cellules avec le TMZ et le MMS en combinaison avec un ligand (2,7-BisNP-O4Me) a été démontré. Ce macrocycle augmente également le nombre de sites abasiques et le nombre de coupures double-brins après un co-traitement cellulaire avec les agents alkylants suggérant ainsi l'inhibition d'APE1 attendue. Ces résultats mettent ainsi en évidence le fort intérêt thérapeutique de ce composé
In the context of chemotherapy, DNA repair reduces the DNA damage induced by DNA-alkylating drugs such as temozolomide, leading to chemoresistance. One of the most important pathways of DNA repair is Base Excision Repair (BER), where a key enzyme, APE1 (AP endonuclease 1), cleaves abasic sites generated following treatment with DNA-alkylating drugs and initiates the repair of the single-strand break. The DNA repair activity of APE1 was identified as the major source of chemoresistance in certain cancers. Several studies validated the BER pathway and, particularly, the APE1 enzyme as important drug targets for improvement the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs; for this reason, several APE1 inhibitors have been developed. However, instead of direct inhibition of the enzyme, an alternative strategy can rely on targeting its substrate: the AP sites in DNA. Macrocyclic compounds, namely naphthalenophanes, show a strong and selective binding to abasic sites in the DNA. This process interferes with the recognition of the latter by APE1 and leads in vitro to two effects: inhibition of the APE1-induced DNA cleavage and macrocycle-induced DNA cleavage by a mechanism different from that of APE1, namely β-elimination. Herein, a novel serie of functionalized naphthalenophanes, composed of nine novel derivatives, has been synthesized and studied. Most ligands demonstrate a strong and selective binding to AP-sites in DNA and an inhibition of APE1 activity in vitro, with inhibitory constants from 39 nM to 25 µM. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of ligands, as characterized by Kı values, could be directly related to their affinity and selectivity to AP-sites. The molecular design of macrocycles has a crucial influence on their intrinsic AP-site cleavage activity leading either to total abolition, or to an exceptionally high AP-site cleavage activity. Interestingly, an unprecedented formation of a covalent DNA-ligand adduct with one of the ligands have been characterized. Finally, the biological activity of naphthalenophanes was assessed in the TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cell line T98G. Most compounds are highly active, with GI₅₀ values in sub-micromolar or low-micromolar range. In addition, a remarkable synergic effect upon co-treatment of TMZ or MMS with one ligand (2,7-BisNP-O4Me) was demonstrated. This ligand was found to increase the number of AP-sites and the number of double-strands break in DNA upon co-treatment with TMZ and MMS suggesting APE1 inhibition as excepted. These observations highlight the hight therapeutic interest of this compound
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31

Dumat, Blaise. "Sondes fluorescentes vinyl-triphénylamines optimisées pour la microscopie biphotonique : Etude des intéractions non covalentes avec l'ADN et la HSA et application à l'imagerie cellulaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112319/document.

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L’avènement de la microscopie biphotonique et des techniques dites de « super-résolution » ont permis d’améliorer les performances de la microscopie de fluorescence et de l’appliquer à l’imagerie intravitale et à l’analyse des tissus biologiques. Ces techniques requièrent néanmoins l’emploi de sondes aux propriétés optiques et biologiques optimisées.Plusieurs séries de colorants cationiques basés sur le motif vinyl-triphénylamine (TP) ont été développés pour le marquage d’ADN. Ces fluorophores rouges ou jaunes dont l’émission de fluorescence est commutée par l’interaction avec l’ADN sont des ligands de petit sillon de l’hélice B et possèdent des sections efficaces d’absorption à deux photons élevées.Les TP marquent l’ADN du noyau des cellules fixées ou en apoptose avec une intensité et un contraste élevés. Elles sont non-cytotoxiques, photostables et sont perméables à la membrane cellulaire. L’optimisation des propriétés a permis d’obtenir la TP-2Bzim, qui possède une brillance biphotonique parmi les plus élevées rapportées dans la littérature pour des molécules de faible poids moléculaire (383 GM) et permet une détection en microscopie biphotonique à basse concentration et à faible puissance d’excitation. En cellules vivantes, les TP sont localisées dans les mitochondries mais, sous excitation mono- ou bi-photonique constante, elles déclenchent l’apoptose de la cellule et se relocalisent dans le noyau. Le phénomène peut être imagé par fluorescence, et les TP pourraient donc être employées comme photosensibilisateurs théranostiques.Enfin, une stratégie de synthèse pour fonctionnaliser la TP-2Bzim a été développée. Elle a ainsi pu être couplée à des oligonucléotides et à un PNA pour la détection d’hybridation par fluorescence et à l’acide folique et à la spermidine pour le ciblage de cellules cancéreuses
Significant advances were made in the field of in vivo fluorescence imaging thanks to the recent development of biphotonic microscopy and super-resolution techniques, rendering intravital imaging and biological tissues analysis possible. Those techniques however require the use of new probes with optimized optical and biological properties.Several series of cationic dyes for DNA staining were developed based on the vinyl-triphenylamine (TP) scaffold. Those new switchable yellow or red fluorophores bind in the minor-groove of DNA and display high two-photon absorption cross-sections. Two anionic derivatives were also designed for staining HSA.In fixed or apoptotic cells, the cationic dyes stain nuclear DNA with a high brightness and contrast. They are non-cytotoxic, photostable and cell permeant. The molecule with the most optimized properties, TP-2Bzim, has one of the highest two-photon brightness to date (383 GM in DNA), allowing sensible detection in biphotonic microscopy at low concentration and excitation power. In live cells, the dyes are localized in the mitochondria, but it appears that upon constant mono- or bi-photonic excitation they trigger cell apoptosis within a few minutes and are released in the nucleus. Since the phenomenon can be imaged by fluorescence microscopy, the TP dyes could thus be used as photosensitizers for theranostics.A synthetic pathway was also developed to functionalize the TP-2Bzim. It was then coupled by “click-chemistry” to short oligonucleotides or PNA sequences for fluorescence in situ hybridization, and to folic acid and spermidine for cancer cells targeting
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32

Cabeza, de Vaca López Israel. "Mapping biophysics through enhanced Monte Carlo techniques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334172.

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This thesis is focused on the study of molecular interactions at the atomistic detail and is divided into one introductory chapter and four chapters referencing different problems and methodological approaches. All of them are focused on the development and improvement of computational Monte Carlo algorithms to study, in an efficient manner, the behavior of these systems at a classical molecular mechanics level. The four biophysical problems studied in this thesis are: induced fit docking between protein-ligand and between DNA-ligand to understand the binding mechanism, protein stretching response, and generation/ scoring of protein-protein docking poses. The thesis is organized as follows: First chapter corresponds to the state of the art in computational methods to study biophysical interactions, which is the starting point of this thesis. Our in-house PELE algorithm and the main standard methods such as molecular dynamics will be explained in detail. Chapter two is focused on the main PELE modifications to add new features, such as the addition of a new force field, implicit solvent and an anisotropic network specific for DNA simulation studies. We study, compare and validate the conformations generated by six representative DNA fragments with the new PELE features using molecular dynamics as a reference. Chapter three is devoted to applying the new methods implemented and tested in PELE to study protein-ligand interactions and DNA-ligand interactions using four systems. First, we study the porphyrin binding to Gun4 protein combining PELE and molecular dynamics simulations. Besides, we provide a docking pose that has been corroborated by a new crystal structure published during the revision process of the submitted study showing the accuracy of our predictions. In the second project, we use our improved version of PELE to generate the first structural model of an alpha glucose 1,6-bisphosphate substrate bound to the human Phosphomannomutase 2 demonstrating that this ligand can adopt two low-energy orientations. The third project is the study of DNA-ligand interactions for three cisplatin drugs where we evaluate the binding free energy using Markov state models. We show excellent results respect another free energy methods studied with molecular dynamics. The last project is the study of the daunomycin DNA intercalator where we simulate and study the binding process with PELE. Chapter four is focused on the computational study of force extension profiles during the protein unfolding. We added a dynamic harmonic constraint following a similar procedure applied in steered molecular dynamics to our Monte Carlo approach to fix or pull some selected atoms forcing the protein unfolding in a defined direction. We implement and compare with steered molecular dynamics this technique with Ubiquitin and Azurin proteins. Moreover, we add this feature to a well-known algorithm called MCPRO from William Jorgensen¿s group at YALE University to evaluate the free energy associated to the unfolding of the deca-alanine system. Chapter five corresponds to the introduction of a multiscale approach to study protein-protein docking. A coarse-grained model will be combined with a Monte Carlo exploration reducing the degrees of freedom to generate thousands of protein-protein poses in a quick way. Poses produced by this procedure will be refined and ranked through a protonation, hydrogen bond optimization, and minimization protocol at the all-atom representation to identify the best poses. I present two test cases where this procedure has been applied showing a good accuracy in the predictions: tryptogalinin and ferredoxin/flavodoxin systems.
Aquesta tesi es centra en l'estudi de les interaccions moleculars amb detall atomic i es divideix en un capítol d'introducció i quatre capítols que fan referència a diferents problemes i enfocaments metodològics. Tots ells se centren en el desenvolupament i millora dels algoritmes computacionals de Monte Carlo per estudiar, de manera eficient, el comportament d'aquests sistemes a un nivell mecànica molecular clàssica. Els quatre problemes biofísics estudiats en aquesta tesi són: acoblament induït entre la proteïna-lligand i entre DNA-lligant per comprendre el mecanisme d'unió, resposta de les proteïnes a l'estirament, i la generació/puntuació d'acoblament entre poses proteïna-proteïna. La tesi s'organitza de la següent manera: El primer capítol correspon a l'estat de l'art en mètodes computacionals per estudiar les interaccions biofísiques, que és el punt de partida d'aquesta tesi. El nostre PELE algoritme i els principals mètodes estàndard com ara la dinàmica molecular s'explicaran en detall. El capítol dos es centra en les principals modificacions PELE per afegir noves característiques, com ara l'addició d'un nou camp de força, solvent implícit i modes normals per aquests estudis de simulació d'ADN. Es fa un estudi, comparació i validació de les conformacions generades per sis fragments d'ADN representatius amb PELE utilitzant dinàmica molecular com a referència. El tercer capítol està dedicat a l'aplicació dels nous mètodes implementats i provats en PELE per estudiar les interaccions proteïna-lligand i la interacció lligand-DNA utilitzant quatre sistemes. En primer lloc, se estudia la unió a proteïnes GUN4 combinant PELE i simulacions de dinàmica molecular. A més, es proposa un acoblament que ha sigut corroborat per una nova estructura cristal·lina publicada durant el procés de revisió de l'estudi mostrant l'exactitud de les nostres prediccions. En el segon projecte, hem utilitzat la nostra versió millorada de PELE per generar el primer model estructural d'una glucosa alfa substrat 1,6-bisfosfat unit a la fosfomanomutasa humana 2, que demostra que aquest lligant pot adoptar dues orientacions de baiza energia. El tercer projecte és l'estudi de les interaccions d'ADN lligant per tres medicaments cisplatí on se avalua l'energia lliure d'unió utilitzant Markov States Models. Es mostren excel·lents resultats respecte d'altres mètodes d'energia lliure estudiats amb dinàmica molecular. L'últim projecte és l'estudi de l'intercalador d'ADN anomenat daunomicina on es simula i estudia el procés d'unió amb PELE. El capítol 4 es centra en l'estudi computacional dels perfils d'extensió de la força durant el desplegament de la proteïna. Hem afegit una restricció harmònica dinàmica seguint un procediment similar al aplicat en dinàmica molecular en el nostre algoritme Monte Carlo per fixar o moure alguns àtoms seleccionats obligant a desplegar la proteïna en una direcció definida. Aquesta tècnica s'ha implementat i comparat amb dinàmica molecular per les proteïnes ubiquitina i azurin. D'altra banda, hem afegit aquesta modificació a un algoritme ben conegut anomenat MCPRO del grup de William Jorgensen a la Universitat de Yale per avaluar l'energia lliure associada al desplegament del sistema deca alanina. El capítol cinc correspon a la introducció d'un enfocament multiescala per estudiar l'acoblament proteïna-proteïna. Un model de gra gruixut es combinat amb una exploració Monte Carlo per reduir els graus de llibertat i generar milers de poses proteïna-proteïna d'una manera ràpida. Les poses produides per aquest procediment es perfeccionan i evaluan a través d'una protonació, optimització d'enllaços d'hidrogen, i minimització a escala atòmica per identificar les millors poses. Es presenten dos casos de prova on s'ha aplicat aquest procediment que mostra una bona precisió en les prediccions: tryptogalinin i ferredoxina / flavodoxina systems.
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33

Limmer, Katja. "Analysis of DNA-ligand interaction in a parallel force-based assay". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-165489.

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34

Brian, Björn. "Microarray Technology for Kinetic Analysis of Vesicle Bound Receptor-Ligand Interactions". Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8739.

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A proof-of-concept for a novel microarray used to study protein-ligand interaction in real-time using label-free detection is presented. Many of todays commercially available instruments lack the ability to immobilize membrane proteins. At the same time, the pharmaceutical industry develops drugs directed towards membrane-bound receptors. The need to study drug-target kinetics and to be able to screen for new medical substances is high. To study the biomolecular interactions in real-time, imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR) is used. A patterned sensor surface with hydrophobic barriers assisting in the piezodispensing of NeutrAvidin with complex-bound biotin-ssDNA is created. Histidine-tagged proteins are immobilized at the vesicle surface using divalent nitrilotriacetic acid. The concept of the vesicle immobilization, the protein-binding to vesicles and the protein-ligand interaction is initially studied using a Biacore instrument. The dissociation of the ligand IFNα2 from its receptor ifnar-2 (wt) are in accordance with the literature. In the imaging SPR experiments, it is found that the dissociation of IFNα2 from the ifnar-2 (wt) receptor is slower than expected, probably due to rebinding of the ligand. It is also found that imidazole is needed to avoid vesicle-vesicle interaction. The immobilization of proteins had to be done on-line i.e. when the vesicles were bound to the surface. Depending on the mixture of receptors at the vesicle surface the affinity for the ligand was changed. The results achieved were reproducible.

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35

Reznichenko, Oksana. "Combinatorial chemistry approaches for the development of G-quadruplex DNA and RNA ligands". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF014.

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Les G-quadruplexes (G4s) sont des structures non-canoniques d’acides nucléiques (ADN et ARN) constituées d’au moins deux quartets de guanines. L’une des propriétés importantes des G4s est leur capacité à former des complexes avec de petites molécules exogènes (ligands) et d’influencer ainsi les processus biologiques dans lesquels ils sont impliqués. Ainsi, l’interaction de petites molécules avec certaines structures G4s permettrait de diminuer l’expression de certains oncogènes, d’inhiber la télomérase ou encore d’induire des dommages à l’ADN. Ce travail vise à développer des méthodologies rapides et simples pour la synthèse et le criblage des molécules afin d’identifier des ligands sélectifs et affins de structures non-canoniques d’acides nucléiques, en particulier des G4s. Plus précisément, ce travail explore la synthèse réversible d’acylhydrazones, jusqu’ici peu appliquée pour le développement de ligands de l’ADN et de l’ARN. Dans un premier temps, une série de 20 bis(acylhydrazones), analogues des ligands PDC (360A) et PhenDC3, a été obtenue par la synthèse préparative. Les expériences de dénaturation thermique suivie par fluorescence ont démontré que certains de ces composés avaient une bonne affinité pour l’ADN G4. Ces expériences ont permis de valider le potentiel du motif acylhydrazone pour le développement de ligands des G4s. Ensuite, une méthode de chimie dynamique combinatoire (CDC) a été développée. Cette dernière consiste en génération de bibliothèques combinatoires comportant jusqu’à 20 composés, suivie par l’isolement des ligands les plus affins par la précipitation avec la cible, immobilisée sur des billes magnétiques. Ainsi, un bis(acylhydrazone) non-symétrique a été identifié comme un ligand prometteur du G4 parallèle Pu24T. Cependant, les expériences avec ses proches analogues n’ont pas confirmé son affinité aux G4 augmentée par rapport aux dérivés symétriques. Il a été supposé que les résultats d’expériences de CDC pouvaient être biaisés par des interactions non-spécifiques entre les ligands et les billes magnétiques. Pour améliorer l’analyse des bibliothèques combinatoires, une nouvelle méthode basée sur l’extraction en phase solide des ligands a été développée et appliquée à deux bibliothèques d’acylhydrazones non-symétriques. Huit hits ont été obtenus à partir de 70 composés générés in situ. Trois d’entre eux ont été sélectionnés pour la synthèse préparative et une étude de l’interaction avec l’ADN G4. En parallèle, une approche classique de chimie combinatoire a été élaborée, ce qui a conduit à la génération d’une bibliothèque combinatoire de 90 dérivés bis(acylhydrazone) sous forme de solutions 2 mM dans DMSO prêtes à l’emploi, avec une pureté moyenne de 87%. Ces échantillons ont été utilisés directement dans le criblage biophysique contre quatre G4s de l’ADN de trois topologies différentes. Les composés les plus actifs ont été synthétisés d’une manière préparative et leur interaction avec les G4s a été étudiée en détail par des méthodes biophysiques, y compris la spectrométrie de masse native. Ainsi, au moins un dérivé avec une affinité pour les G4s supérieure à celle de PhenDC3 et une sélectivité inédite pour le G4 antiparallèle a été identifié. Enfin, dans le cadre d’un projet collaboratif (M. Blondel, Université de Bretagne Occidentale), des ligands synthétisés au cours de ce travail ont été étudiés vis-à-vis de leur capacité à moduler d’évasion immune du virus d’Epstein–Barr (EBV). Il a été démontré que certains bis(acylhydrazones) interagissent in vitro avec la séquence riche en guanines de l’ARNm codante pour le domaine riche en glycine-alanine (GAr) de la protéine virale EBNA1. Deux de ces dérivés déplacent le facteur de la cellule hôte (nucléoline) de l’ARNm d’EBNA1, conduisant ainsi à la surexpression de la protéine et à la présence exacerbé de peptides antigéniques sur les cellules infectées. Cet effet représente une opportunité thérapeutique pour le traitement des cancers associés à l’EBV
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded structures of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that consist of at least two coplanar guanine quartets. An important feature of G4s is their ability to form stable complexes with exogenous small molecules (ligands) and thus influence biological processes in which they are involved. G4 targeting is often associated with oncology, where G4 ligands may suppress the expression of oncogenes, inhibit telomerase, or induce DNA damage in cancer cells. This work aims to develop methodologies for rapid and simple synthesis and screening of compounds, in order to identify selective and highly affine ligands of given non-canonical structures of nucleic acids, in particular G4s. Specifically, this works exploits the chemistry of reversible synthesis of acylhydrazones, which has been barely applied for the development of DNA or RNA ligands before. First, a small library of 20 cationic bis(acylhydrazones), analogues of the previously reported G4-ligands PDC (360A) and PhenDC3, was obtained by preparative synthesis. Through fluorescence melting experiments it is demonstrated that some of compounds indeed have high affinity to G4-DNA, validating the suitability of the acylhydrazone motif as a scaffold for the development of G4 ligands. Next, a method of dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC), which consists in simultaneous one-pot generation of libraries of up to 20 compounds with consecutive pull-down of most affine ligands by bead-immobilized targets (i.e., G4-DNA), was developed. By using this method, a non-symmetrical bis(acylhydrazone) was identified as a promising ligand of a parallel G4-DNA Pu24T. However, biophysical experiments with its close structural analogues did not confirm their preferential binding in comparison with the symmetrically substituted compound. It is proposed that the outcome of DCC experiments may be biased by non-specific interactions of ligands with magnetic beads, leading to false-positive results. In order to improve the analysis of dynamic combinatorial libraries, a novel method based on solid-phase extraction of the G4-ligand complex was developed and applied to two libraries of non-symmetric acylhydrazones. In a few rounds of selection, 13 hits were obtained out of 70 in situ generated compounds. Three of them were selected for preparative synthesis and detailed study of interaction with G4-DNA. In parallel, a classical combinatorial chemistry approach was developed, resulting in generation of a combinatorial library of 90 individual bis(acylhydrazone) derivatives in the form of ready-to-use 2 mM solutions in DMSO, with an average purity of 87%. These samples were directly used for biophysical screening experiments towards four G4-DNA targets of three different topologies. Three most active compounds were obtained in preparative manner and their interaction with the mentioned biological targets was studied in detail by several biophysical methods, including native mass spectrometry experiments. This way, at least one derivative with a G4-DNA affinity superior to that of PhenDC3 and unprecedented selectivity towards anti-parallel G4-DNA could be identified. Finally, in the framework of a collaborative project (M. Blondel, University of Western Brittany) the ligands synthesized in this work were studied with respect to their capacity to act as modulators of the immune evasion of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Specifically, it was shown that several bis(acylhydrazones) bind in vitro to G4-RNA structures formed by the guanine-rich repeat sequence of mRNA encoding for the glycine-alanine rich (GAr) domain of viral genome maintenance protein EBNA1. Moreover, two derivatives were found to displace the host cell factor nucleolin from EBNA1 mRNA, leading to overexpression of EBNA1 protein and a concomitant increase of antigen presentation in EBV-infected cell cultures. This effect represents an interesting therapeutic opportunity for treatment of EBV-related cancers
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36

Khalid, Syma. "Molecular simulation studies of the interaction between DNA and a novel macromolecular ligand". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406780.

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37

Papillon, Julie. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle des complexes de l'ADN gyrase, une ADN topoisomérase bactérienne de type II". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ127.

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Les ADN topoisomérases (Topos) sont des éléments essentiels de la vie cellulaire eucaryote et procaryote. Ces enzymes interviennent lors de la réplication, de la réparation et également lors de la transcription en modulant la topologie de l'ADN. L'ADN gyrase, une Topoisomérase IIA (TopoIIA) bactérienne particulière, est la seule topoisomérase capable de surenrouler l’ADN négativement en présence d’ATP, une activité indispensable au génome bactérien. Les différentes études structurales et fonctionnelles sur ces enzymes ont permis de proposer un mécanisme catalytique de surenroulement très sophistiqué mais la vision morcelée de ces complexes multi-­‐conformationnels laisse aujourd’hui de nombreuses questions mécanistiques en suspens. Ce travail de thèse a combiné une approche structurale et fonctionnelle pour essayer de répondre aux questions fondamentales mécanistiques encore non élucidées à propos des ADN topoisomérases de type II et à la découverte de nouveaux inhibiteurs « anti-­‐Topo » face à l’émergence de populations bactériennes résistantes aux traitements
Type II DNA topoisomerases (Topo2A) remodel DNA topology during replication, transcription and chromosome segregation. Most TopoIIA are able to perform ATP-­‐dependent DNA relaxation or decatenation but the bacterial DNA gyraseis the sole type II DNA topoisomerase able to introduce negative supercoils. Several biochemical and structural studies haverevealed a highly sophisticated supercoiling catalytic mechanism but despite a wealth of information, the full architectureof Topo2A and the structural basis for DNA supercoiling remain elusive. Due to their physiological roles, topoisomerasesare also important targets for antibiotics targeting the bacterial enzyme but also anti-­‐cancer molecules inhibiting the humanprotein. This presented work has combinedboth structural and functional approach to answer the fundamental mechanisticquestions still unveiled and to discover new inhibitors against the emergence of resistant bacterial population
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38

Piccolo, Stefano. "Biophysical characterization of aptamer-ligand interactions by native mass spectrometry". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0276.

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Les aptamères sont des acides nucléiques capables de se lier sélectivement à un ligand ou à une famille de molécules. Les aptamères sont la partie sensible des riboswitches, qui sont des segments régulateurs de l'ARN messager impliqués dans l'expression génétique. Les aptamères ont aussi des applications prometteuses comme sondes artificielles et capteurs Pour ces technologies, il est crucial de comprendre comment la liaison se produit, de la quantifier, et de comprendre comment les changements conformationnels sont induits par les ligands. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d'explorer l'applicabilité de la spectrometrie de mobilité ionique (IMS) couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (SM) native aux aptamères d'ADN et d'ARN, d'abord dans la quantification de liaison, ensuite dans la détection du changement conformationnel lors de la liaison du ligand.Dans la première partie, nous avons évalué la détermination des valeurs de constantes d’équilibre de dissociation (KD) par MS, en tenant compte des facteurs de réponse relatifs (Rx) des aptamères libres et liés. Les titrages en SM sont comparés, pour validation, avec la calorimétrie par titrage isotherme (ITC). Deux aptamères d'ARN sont pris comme modèles : l'aptamère du vert de malachite, largement étudié par ITC, et l'aptamère de la riboflavine mononucléotide , un cas réaliste d'ARN Mg2+-dépendant pour la liaison du ligand. Nous avons observé que l'acétate d'ammonium et l'acétate de triméthyl ammonium conviennent à l'étude des aptamères et leurs complexes, et que les valeurs de KD obtenues par ITC et SM native sont comparables. Les aptamères ARN de la néomycine et de la tobramycine ont été choisis pour tester la limite de détection en SM native. Nous concluons que la SM native est adaptée pour déterminer des valeurs de KD comprises entre 50 nM et 30 µM. La correction apportée par Rx est relativement modeste dans tous les cas, en suggerant que la liaison du ligand n'est pas associée à une différence conformationnelle significative lors de l'ionisation. Pour ces aptamères, nous concluons que l'hypothèse de Rx égaux est acceptable.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons évalué si le mécanisme de "liaison adaptative" des aptamères peut être révélé par IMS. À cette fin, en plus des systèmes énumérés ci-dessus, nous avons étudié l'aptamère ARN de la tétracycline et une série d'aptamères ADN capables de lier la cocaïne, pour lesquels le changement conformationnel par liaison du ligand est largement documenté dans la littérature. Pour tous les aptamères à l'exception de l'aptamère de la tétracycline, nous n'avons pas observé de différences significatives dans la conformation en phase gazeuse des ions liés aux ligands ou Mg2+. Cependant, nous avons observé un changement significatif dans la mobilité des ions de l'aptamère de la tétracycline. Le Mg2+ (100 µM) s’avère essentiel pour la liaison du ligand. Pour la série des aptamères de la cocaïne, même si nous ayons observé dans des conditions douces de pré IMS des ions compacts aussi bien pour les aptamères libres que pour les aptamères liés, une extension conformationnelle est visible à haute activation pre-IMS, bien révélée par l'état de charge 7-, qui suggère des réarrangements de phase gazeuse. Pour mieux étudier ces réarrangements, nous avons modifié les séquences avec des extensions dA, afin de comparer des systèmes ayant un nombre similaire de degrés de liberté sans modifier la structure cœur. Nous proposons également de nouvelles façons de présenter ces données, mieux adaptées quand la dissociation du ligand, la perte d’aduits et le dépliement d’ion arrivent dans les mêmes gammes d’énergie. L'augmentation graduelle de l'activation collisionnelle avant l'IMS, a révélé que l’energie de dépliement est corrélée au contenu en paires de bases, ce qui suggère que les paires de bases sont conservées dans les structures en phase gazeuse. Nous avons également observé que le ligand se perd à des énergies inférieures à celles du dépliage
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids capable to bind selectively to a ligand or to a family of molecules. Aptamers are the sensing part of riboswitches, which are regulatory segments of messenger RNA involved in gene expression. Aptamers are also promising artificial probes, sensors and stimuli-responsive elements. In the development of aptamer-based technology, it is crucial to understand how binding is occurring, to quantify affinities, and ligand-induced conformational changes. The objective of this thesis is to explore the applicability of native IM-MS to DNA and RNA aptamers to quantify binding and to detect conformational change upon binding.In the first part, we evaluated the quantitative determination of equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) by mass spectrometry (MS), and the necessity of including a correction for relative response factors of free and bound aptamers. We compared isothermal titration calorimetry and MS titrations to validate the quantifications. Two RNA aptamers were taken as models: the malachite green aptamer, extensively studied by ITC, and the riboflavin mononucleotide aptamer, a case of Mg2+-dependent ligand binding. We observed that typical volatile electrolytes ammonium acetate and trimethyl ammonium acetate are suitable to study RNA aptamer binding, and that comparable KD values are obtained from ITC and native MS. The neomycin and tobramycin RNA aptamers were chosen to test the limit of detection of native MS. We found that native MS is appropriate to determine KD values in the range from 50 nM to 30 µM. The relative response factor correction was relatively modest in all cases, suggesting that the ligand binding is not associated to a significant conformational difference upon ionization. For these aptamers, we conclude that assuming equal response factors is acceptable.In the second part, we evaluated whether the aptamers’ “adaptive binding” mechanism can be revealed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). To this aim, in addition to the systems listed above we studied the tetracycline RNA aptamer and a series of cocaine-binding DNA aptamers, for which the conformational change upon binding is reported in literature. For all aptamers except the tetracycline aptamer, we did not observe a significant difference in the shape of the gas-phase structure upon ligand or Mg2+ binding. However, a significant change was observed in tetracycline RNA aptamer’s ion mobilities, at biologically relevant concentration of Mg2+ (100 µM), and we found that Mg2+ is essential for ligand binding, in agreement with previous solution studies. For the cocaine-binding DNA aptamer series, although we observed similar compactness for the free and bound aptamers in soft pre-IMS conditions, a conformational extension occurs at high pre-IMS activation, best revealed by charge state 7-, suggesting gas-phase rearrangements. To better investigate whether the energetics of these rearrangements depend on pre-folding or on ligand binding, we modified the sequences with dA overhangs, to compare systems with similar numbers of degrees of freedom without altering the core structure. We also propose new ways of presenting the data, adapted to the cases where ligand dissociation, declustering and unfolding occur at similar voltages. The gradual increase of the pre-IMS collisional activation revealed that the unfolding energetics is correlated with the base pairs content, suggesting that base pairs are conserved in the gas-phase structures. We also found that ligand is lost at lower energies than unfolding.In summary, gas-phase compaction occur for both the free aptamers and bound aptamers, and memories of the solution-phase structures can only be revealed in some particular cases. However, the compaction towards similar shapes might constitute an advantage for the quantification, because molecular systems of similar shapes have similar electrospray responses. Consequently, native MS provides reliable estimations of KD values
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39

Wang, Ying Verfasser], e Dario [Akademischer Betreuer] [Anselmetti. "Nanomechanics of DNA-ligand interaction investigated with magnetic tweezers / Ying Wang ; Betreuer: Dario Anselmetti". Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1134865597/34.

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40

Karvonen, Ulla. "The role of ligand in the interaction of androgen receptor with DNA and coactivators". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/biola/vk/karvonen/.

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41

Tran, Phong Lan Thao. "Quadruplexes de guanines : formation, stabilité et interaction". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21888/document.

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Les quadruplexes de guanines (G4) sont des structures non canonique d’acides nucléiques à quatre brins formées à partir de séquences ADN ou ARN riches en guanines. Ces structures reposant sur la formation et l’empilement de quartets de guanines sont très polymorphes, leur formation pourrait être envisagé dans de nombreux domaines d’application, aussi bien pour les biotechnologies que les nanotechnologies. L’étude de G4 tétramoléculaires modifiés présentée dans ce manuscrit a participé à la compréhension du mécanisme d’association de ces complexes. En particulier, nous avons montré que l’insertion de 8-méthyle-2’-déoxyguanosine à l’extrémité 5’ de la séquence favorise l’association et la stabilité du G4. Par ailleurs, l’étude de l’ADN en série L (image de l’ADN naturel dans un miroir) a montré la formation d’un G4 tétramoléculaire avec les mêmes propriétés que son énantiomère, à l’exception de sa chiralité, qui est inversée. L’étude a révélé également une auto-exclusion de deux énantiomères (forme D et forme L) démontrant un assemblage contrôlé des brins parallèles. Ce travail de thèse a aussi permis d’introduire un système simple et stable de visualisation de G4 tétramoléculaire antiparallèle, appelé “ADN synaptique”, sur une nanostructure d’ADN origami. In vivo, ces structures pourraient être impliquées de façon transitoire dans de nombreux processus biologiques, en particulier au niveau des télomères. Nous avons réalisé, au cours de cette thèse, une étude comparative de la structure et de la stabilité des séquences télomériques connues de différents organismes. Cette étude a permis d’enrichir les données nécessaires au développement d’un algorithme prédisant la stabilité de G4. Enfin, nous avons développé une méthode facile et peu coûteuse de criblage (G4-FID) sur plaques 96 puits permettant d’identifier l’interaction de ligands avec différentes séquences biologiques pertinentes. La stabilisation du G4 dans certaines régions du génome via des ligands spécifiques pourrait limiter la prolifération de cellules tumorales et est donc intéressante pour les thérapies anticancéreuses
Guanine quadruplexes (G4) are non-canonical four-stranded nucleic acid structures formed by guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences. Theses polymorphic structures are built from the stacking of several G-quartets and could be involved in many fields, in biotechnology as well as in nanotechnology. The study of modified tetramolecular G4 presented in this manuscript participated to the understanding of tetramolecular G4 formation. Especially, we showed that the insertion of 8-methyl-2’-deoxyguanosine at the 5’-end of the sequence accelerate G4 formation and increase its stability. Besides, we demonstrate here that short guanine rich L-DNA strands (mirror image of natural DNA) form a tetramolecular G4 with the same properties than their enantiomer, but with opposite chirality. The study revealed also self-exclusion between two enantiomers (D- and L- form), showing the controlled parallel self-assembly of different G-rich strands. This work introduced also a simple and stable system to observe tetramolecular antiparallel G4 formation, called “synaptic DNA”, into a DNA origami nanostructure. In vivo, such structures appear to be implicated in genome dynamics, and especially at telomeres. During this thesis, we dedicated a study to the comparison of G4 folding and stability of known telomeric sequences from different organisms. The present study allowed enriching the dataset necessary to build and refine algorithms predicting G4 stability. Last but not least, we developed a G4 ligand screening method onto 96-well plates allowing the comparison of different biological relevant sequences. The G4 stabilisation by specific ligands in some genome regions may prevent cancer cell proliferation, making it an attractive target for anticancer therapy
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42

Xie, Xiao. "Développement des sondes fluorescentes pour la détection de l’ADN quadruplex". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112008/document.

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Les acides nucléiques simple-Brins contenant des répétitions de guanines peuvent former des structures secondaires non canoniques dites G-Quadruplexes, composées de plusieurs couches de quartets de guanine. Malgré de nombreuses études in vivo, les preuves de présence de structures quadruplexes in vivo restent indirectes. L’objectif de ce travail était la recherche de sondes fluorescentes capables de signaler la présence d'ADN quadruplex et détecter sa structure (topologie).Deux séries de sondes fluorescentes ont été envisagées et préparées : les colorants styryles (majoritairement distyryles) et les dérivés PDC-Coumarines. La conception de ces deux séries est basée sur l’échafaudage bisquinolinium pyrido¬dicarboxamide (PDC-360A), un ligand sélectif ayant une bonne affinité vis-À-Vis des structures d’ADN quadruplexes, mais qui est non-Fluorescent. En s’inspirant de cette molécule et du motif styryle, connu pour ses propriétés spectroscopiques, nous avons préparé une librairie de colorants distyryles. Une deuxième série, les dérivés PDC-Coumarine, est synthétisée afin d’introduire la propriété fluorescente de la coumarine dans le PDC par une liaison covalente.Les propriétés de colorant de ces deux librairies (65 composés) ont été étudiées en présence de nombreuses structures d’ADN (quadruplex et duplex) en utilisant un criblage par fluorescence sur microplaques et des méthodes de titration. Nos résultats montrent que certains colorants synthétisés possèdent une haute réponse fluorimétrique (facteur d’augmentation de fluorescence de 200 à 600) vis-À-Vis de différentes structures d’ADN et d’ARN quadruplex, ayant une très faible réponse fluorimétrique vis-À-Vis de l’ADN duplex. Cela permet de marquer sélectivement l’ADN quadruplex dans la solution ou sur les gels d’électrophorèse. Ces résultats représentent une première étape vers l’utilisation de ces sondes dans un contexte biologique, par exemple dans l’imagerie de fluorescence
Single-Stranded nucleic acids containing guanine repeats can form non-Canonical secondary structures called G-Quadruplexes. These structures are composed of several guanine quartets, maintained by hydrogen bonds and metal cations (K+ or Na+) coordinated between G-Quartets. In spite of being well-Studied in vitro, the evidence for the presence of quadruplex DNA structures in vivo remains mainly indirect. The objective of this work was research of fluorescent probes that can signal the presence of quadruplex DNA and detect its structure (topology).Two series of fluorescent probes were considered and prepared: styryls dyes (mostly distyryls) and PDC-Coumarin derivatives. The design of these two series is based on the molecular scaffold of bisquinolinium pyridodicarboxamide (PDC-360A), a selective ligand with good affinity for quadruplex DNA structures but which is not fluorescent. Inspired by this molecule and the styryl motif, which is known for its spectroscopic properties, we considered a library of distyryles dyes. A second series, the PDC-Coumarin derivatives, was developed to introduce the fluorescence property of coumarin in the PDC by a covalent link. The properties of dyes of these two libraries (65 compounds) were studied in the presence of a number of DNA structures (quadruplex and duplex) by a fluorescent screening using microplate and titration methods. Our results show that some of synthesized dyes display high fluorescence response (i.e. fluorescence increase factor from 200 to 600) for different quadruplex DNA and RNA structures, while having a very low fluorimetric response for duplex DNA. This allows a selective visualization of quadruplex DNA in solution or in electrophoresis gel. These results represent the first steps towards the use of these probes in a biological context, for example in fluorescence imaging
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43

Limmer, Katja Verfasser], e Hermann E. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gaub. "Analysis of DNA-ligand interaction in a parallel force-based assay / Katja Limmer. Betreuer: Hermann Gaub". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104754346X/34.

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44

Amirbekyan, Karen. "Etude de l'interaction des nouveaux dérivés de Hoechst 33258 avec l'ADN et d’induction d’excimères en présence d’ADN de différentes sondes pyrénylées". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT193.

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Le développement de nouvelles molécules capables d’intéragir avec l’ADN, leur mode d’intéraction et leur affinité est un domaine de recherche particulièrement important. Dans ce travail nous avons étudié les interactions avec l’ADN de la molécule Hoechst 33258 connu pour être un ligand du petit sillon ainsi que plusieurs de ces analogues.Dans un premier temps nous avons étudié la stabilité des complexes ADN-Hoechst 33258 en solution avec et sans DMSO comme co-solvant. Deuxièmement, les affinités de dérivés nouvellement conçus et synthétisés du Hoechst 33258 vis-à-vis de l'ADN ont été évaluées. Enfin, nous avons étudiés la capacité d’induction d’excimers en présence d’ADN de différentes molécules pyrénylées. Ces études ont été effectuées par différentes méthodes spectroscopiques, telles que l'absorbance UV-visible, la fluorescence, le dichroïsme circulaire, la spectroscopie de masse ESI et de la modélisation moléculaire
The development of new DNA binders and the evaluation of their affinity toward DNA as well as their mode of binding is an area of research of prime importance. In this thesis we studied the interactions of Hoechst 33258, a well-known groove binder, as well as some of its newly synthesized derivatives with DNA. The stability of DNA-Hoechst 33258 complex in solution with and without DMSO as a co-solvent was evaluated.Secondly, the affinities of newly designed and synthesized derivatives of Hoechst 33258 toward DNA were evaluated. Finally, a set of pyrene derivatives able to induced excimer formation upon binding to DNA were studied. Different spectroscopic methods, such as UV-vis absorbance, fluorescence, circular dichroism, ESI mass spectroscopy and molecular docking were applied for the complete evaluation of the affinity of these ligands toward DNA
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45

Tsang, Shui Ying. "The role of copper and copper-ligand interactions in the generation of reactive oxygen species and the promotion of biomolecular damage". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319216.

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The work described in this thesis investigates the mechanisms by which copper complexes catalyse the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (.OH), and induce oxidative damage to DNA. An ESR study into the copper-Fenton reaction revealed that, in the presence of buffers and other copper chelators, .OH is generated. In contrast, it is suggested that a Cu(III) species may be formed in the reaction of aqueous, unchelated copper ions. The generation of .OH in the copper-Fenton reaction, under biomimetic conditions, was confirmed by analysis of the products formed following the incubation of DNA components with this system. Preferential binding of Cu(II) to guanosine over the other nucleosides was determined and copper redox cycling at GC sites was found to be more facile than at AT sites. Stability constants for the copper complexes with several other biochemically important ligands such as glutathione (GSH), Quin2 and 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) were also measured. The ease of redox cycling for the copper complexes was found to be of the order: OP ~ Quin2 > GSH. However, OP enhanced both the copper-Fenton reaction and copper-induced DNA damage while both GSH and Quin2 were inhibitory. Gel chromatography studies suggested that ternary complex formation occurs between Cu(I)-DNA and both Quin2 and OP. This implies that the ternary complex with OP is more redox active than that with Quin2. Whilst cysteine enhanced copper-mediated DNA damage at early incubation times, it was more protective than GSH and homocysteine at later stages. The effects at early incubation times are attributed to the ease of copper redox cycling in the presence of thiols while the effects over prolonged incubations reflect Cu(II) stabilisation by the respective disulphides or similar products.
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46

Asamitsu, Sefan. "Toward Elucidating the Function of Non-canonical DNA Structures using Selective DNA-interacting Ligands". Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242622.

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47

Wang, Ying-Hui. "Molecular interaction of zinc finger domain : study of androgen receptor DNA binding domain and SCA7 domain of Ataxin7 by NMR". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6018.

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La voie de signalisation du récepteur des androgènes (AR) est impliquée dans la progression du cancer de la prostate, et il a été montré que des mutations dans ce domaine étaient responsables de l'activation constitutive des gènes placés sous le contrôle des hormones androgènes. Une de ces mutations transforme un résidu thréonine du DBD en alanine (T575A). Des expériences permettant de mesurer l'activité de transcription ont permis à l'équipe du Dr. Ceraline à l'IRCAD de montrer que la mutation T575A induit un changement de spécificité du récepteur. Alors que l'activité de promoteurs placés sous le contrôle d'éléments de réponse spécifique de AR diminue, celle des promoteurs placés sous le contrôle d'éléments non spécifique augmente. Ce changement de spécificité est corrélé à une modification de l'affinité du récepteur pour les éléments de réponse spécifiques et non spécifiques. Afin de comprendre le mécanisme de cette "reprogrammation" à l'échelle moléculaire, l'étude structurale des domaines DBD des récepteurs sauvage et muté a été entreprise par RMN. La comparaison des deux structures en solution a montré que la mutation n'altère pas le repliement du domaine et donc que la différence de reconnaissance des éléments de réponse n'est pas liée directement à la structure tridimensionnelle du domaine. Nous avons ensuite cherché à déterminer si l'altération de la fonction n'était pas due à une différence de dynamique de la chaîne peptidique. Afin d'étudier les mouvements moléculaires le long de la chaîne, des mesures de relaxation hétéronucléaire ont été effectuées et ont montré également une grande similarité dans le comportement dynamique des deux domaines, à l'exception d'une région située dans le premier doigt de zinc à proximité d'une histidine (H570), qui est conservée dans l'ensemble de la famille des domaines DBD des récepteurs nucléaires. Cette différence nous a conduit à mesurer, par RMN, le pKa de cette histidine pour les deux protéines. Nous avons ainsi montré que la mutation T575A induit une diminution de 0,5 unité de pH par rapport à la même histidine dans le domaine sauvage. L'analyse de la structure a permis de montrer que cette différence de pKa est liée à la perte d'une interaction entre le groupe hydroxyle de la thréonine 575 et le cycle imidazole de l'histidine. L'effet de la mutation sur le mécanisme de reconnaissance s'explique donc par un effet indirect dans lequel un acide aminé situé à distance de la région d'interaction modifie la surface électrostatique du domaine DBD. L'effet de la charge positive en position 570 sur la spécificité de reconnaissance de l'élément de réponse a ensuite été étudiée en construisant plusieurs mutants portant ou non une charge à cette position (mutants H570R et H570A). Ces études ont permis de confirmer l'importance de cette charge et l'ensemble de nos travaux fournissent un éclairage inédit sur les mécanismes de reconnaissance de l'ADN par les récepteurs nucléaires. .
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor and a member of the nuclear receptor super family. AR shares a common structural and functional architecture with other members of nuclear receptors. The DNA binding domain of AR (ARDBD) binds to specific response elements as a homodimer. In the clinic, certain mutations in AR are associated with the progression of prostate cancer and have consequences for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Previous studies showed that the mutation T575A, locating in the DNA binding domain, enhances the transcriptional activity regulated by full-length AR on promoters containing the non-specific response element compared to the wild type domain does not. These differences prompted us to study the molecular mechanism of ARDBD wild type and the T575A mutant. Structures of ARDBD wild type and T575A mutant revealed high similarity. However, dynamic behavior showed distinct differences between wild type and T575A mutant domains. The protonation state of H570 in ARDBD was found to be differed by the mutation. This loss of charge of H570 results in changes in transcriptional activity of AR. .
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48

Xue, Yu Lord Susan T. "Study protein-protein interaction in methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair in E. coli exonuclease I Exo I and DNA helicas II UvrD; A minimal exonuclease domain of WRN forms a hexamer on DNA and possesses both 3'-5' exonuclease and 5'-protruding strand endonuclease activities; Solving the structure of the ligand-binding domain of the pregnane-xenobiotic-receptor with 17[beta] estradiol and T1317 /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2015.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.
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49

Jia, Fuchao. "Thermodynamic and structural study of the interaction between Ru(bpy)2dppz 2+ and DNA". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062684.

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Dans une première partie, nous mesurons l'affinité de l'interaction entre [Ru(pby)2dppz]2+ et l'ADN en utilisant la luminescence induite lors de la complexation. Nous étudions l'évolution de l'affinité lorsque la force ionique de la solution augmente. Dans une deuxième partie, nous modifions les extrémités d'un double brin d'ADN en y greffant des fluorophores. De la mesure de transfert d'énergie non-radiative entre ces fluorophores, nous étudions l'évolution de la longueur du complexe. Nous effectuons un dosage d'un double brin de 15 paires de bases d'ADN par le complexe ruthéné. Nous nous servons de la luminescence induite par l'intercalation du groupement dppz. Cependant, l'incrément de luminescence par groupement intercalé n'est pas connu, et nous ne pouvons pas le mesurer en saturant le brin d'ADN. Nous utilisons alors une technique mise au point par Nishida [Method for Measuring the Binding of Small Molecules to Proteins from Binding-Induced Alterations of Physical-Chemical Properties], dans laquelle deux titrations de deux solutions d'ADN de deux concentrations différentes sont effectuées. En utilisant le fait que, lorsque deux solutions d'ADN complexé par le composé ruthéné, possèdent la même luminescence par paire de base , le taux de complexation de ces deux solutions doit être le même, nous pouvons alors déterminer, sans hypothèse supplémentaire, le taux de complexation de l'ADN. De l'évolution de ce taux en fonction avec la concentration de ligand, nous déduisons son affinité pour l'ADN. Nous étudions maintenant le changement de longueur d'un double brin d'ADN de 15 paires de bases, modifié à ses deux extrémités par deux fluorophores : Alexa488 et Alexa568. Lorsque Alexa 488 est porté dans un état excité, il peut se désexciter en transférant de l'énergie de manière non-radiative à Alexa568, qui se désexcite alors en émettant des photons de plus faibles énergie que ceux émis par Alexa488. L'efficacité de ce transfert d'énergie peut être quantifié à partir de la mesure des intensités émises à basse et haute énergie. Elle dépend a priori de l'efficacité couplage (et en conséquence de la distance) entre les deux fluorophores. Nous effectuons des mesures de temps de vie des états excités de chacun des fluorophores. Nous avons observé que l'addition de ligand a pour conséquence une forte inhibition quenching des fluorophores. De l'analyse de l'évolution du temps de vie du fluorophore donneur d'une part et de celui du fluorophore accepteur d'autre part, nous déduisons l'évolution de l'efficacité du transfert d'énergie en fonction de la concentration de ligand. Nous confrontons les résultats obtenus par chacune de ces analyses, et en déduisons finalement, en nous servant de l'analyse de l'équilibre effectuée dans la première partie, l'évolution de la longueur de la chaîne en fonction du taux de complexation
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50

Yang, Chi-Kai, e 楊智凱. "Sequence-selectivity and Energetic Aspects of DNA-ligand Interactions". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11738596775342011537.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
博士
東海大學
化學系
102
The first part of this thesis reports the study of the energetic basis of complex DNA–peptide interactions relating to allosteric interactions. In common with other designed peptides, ten new conjugates incorporating the XPRK or XHypRK motif (Hyp = hydroxyproline) attached to a N-methylpyrrole (Py) tract with a basic tail have been found to display cooperative binding to DNA involving multiple monodentate as well as interstrand bidentate interactions. Quantitative DNase I footprinting show that allosteric communication via cooperative binding to multiple sites on complementary DNA strands corresponds to two different types of DNA–peptide interaction network. Temperature variation experiments using a dodecapeptide RY-12 show that lower temperature (25 °C) favors a circuit type of allosteric interaction network, whereas higher temperatures (31 and 37 °C) afford only a partial-circuit type of network. Circular dichroism studies show that the peptides induce significant local conformational changes in DNA via the minor groove, with apparently dimeric binding stoichiometry. Isothermal titration calorimetry reveals that the peptides are strongly exothermic upon binding to a model 13-mer DNA duplex, as characterized by ΔH ranging from −14.7 to −74.4 kcal mol−1, and also high TΔS ranging from −6.5 to −65.9 kcal mol−1. Distinctive enthalpy–entropy compensation (EEC) relationships are demonstrated for the interaction of all twelve designed peptides with DNA, affording a straight line of slope close to unity when ΔH is plotted versus TΔS, with a y-axis intercept (average ΔG) corresponding to −8.5 kcal mol−1, while the observed ΔG ranges from −8.2 to −9.1 kcal mol−1 for the peptides. The EEC seen with peptide RY-12 binding to the model duplex persists throughout various incubation temperatures. The net compensation of energy between the favorable negative ΔH and unfavorable negative ΔS components thus constrains the value of net binding free energy ΔG within a remarkably constant range, as is clearly visible in a 3-dimensional energetic plot. For the second part of this thesis, both polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF experiments showed that chlorambucil-peptides conjugates CLB-HyM-10 and CLB-HyQ-10 can readily cleave DNA duplexes very effectively and sequence-selectively in the absence of heat, chemical additives and UV irradiation. Circular dichroism studies show that the conjugates CLB–HyM-10 and CLB–HyQ-10 induce significant local conformational changes in DNA via the minor groove, possibly with dimeric binding stoichiometry. The energetic basis of DNA binding by these conjugates has been investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry, revealing that the binding of both the peptides and their CLB conjugates is overwhelmingly enthalpy-driven. The maintenance of a conserved negative binding free energy in DNA–conjugate interactions is a crucial feature of the universal enthalpy–entropy compensation phenomenon. It is concluded that the strongly enthalpy-driven binding of CLB–peptide conjugates to preferred loci in DNA furnishes the required proximity effect to generate the observed nuclease-like sequence-selective cleavage.
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