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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 11 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Cubeta, M. A., B. R. Cody, Y. Kohli e L. M. Kohn. "Clonality in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Infected Cabbage in Eastern North Carolina". Phytopathology® 87, n. 10 (ottobre 1997): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1000.

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Eighty-four isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from four cabbage production fields in North Carolina and 16 isolates from an experimental cabbage field plot in Louisiana were DNA-fingerprinted and tested for mycelial compatibility. In a comparison with 594 unique DNA fingerprints of S. sclerotiorum from Canadian canola, no fingerprints were shared among Canadian, North Carolina, and Louisiana populations. DNA fingerprints from the North Carolina sample were distinctive from those of the Canadian and Louisiana samples, with significantly more hybridizing fragments in the 7.7- to 18-kilobase range. Forty-one mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and 50 unique DNA fingerprints were identified from the North Carolina sample. Three MCGs and three fingerprints were identified from the Louisiana sample. From the North Carolina sample, 32 MCGs were each associated with a unique fingerprint; of these, there were 11 clones (i.e., cases in which two or more isolates belonged to the same MCG and shared the same DNA fingerprint). Six clones sampled from two or more fields represented approximately 29% of the total sample (24 of 84 isolates), with six clones recovered from fields 75 km apart. There were 10 cases in which one MCG was associated with more than one DNA fingerprint and two cases in which one DNA fingerprint was associated with more than one MCG. The small sample from Louisiana was strictly clonal. The North Carolina sample had a clonal component, but deviated from one-to-one association of MCG with DNA fingerprint to an extent consistent with more recombination or transposition than the other two populations sampled.

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van Oorschot, Roland A. H., e Maxwell K. Jones. "DNA fingerprints from fingerprints". Nature 387, n. 6635 (giugno 1997): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/42838.

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Yang, Zhenhua, Peter F. Barnes, Fernando Chaves, Kathleen D. Eisenach, Stephen E. Weis, Joseph H. Bates e M. Donald Cave. "Diversity of DNA Fingerprints ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in the United States". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, n. 4 (1998): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.4.1003-1007.1998.

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To investigate the diversity of IS6110 fingerprints ofMycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the United States and to determine if matching IS6110 fingerprints represent recent interstate tuberculosis transmission, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of M. tuberculosisisolates from 1,326 patients in three geographically separated states. Seven hundred ninety-five different IS6110 fingerprint patterns were generated, and pattern diversity was similar in each state. Ninety-six percent of the fingerprint patterns were observed in only one state, demonstrating that most IS6110 fingerprint patterns are confined to a single geographic location. Of the IS6110 fingerprint patterns that were shared by isolates from more than one state, most isolates with 1 to 5 IS6110copies were separable by pTBN12 fingerprinting whereas those with >15 copies were not. One high-copy-number M. tuberculosisstrain had identical IS6110 and pTBN12 fingerprints and included 57 isolates from three states. Epidemiological data demonstrated significant recent transmission of tuberculosis within each city but not among the states. This suggests that identical fingerprints of isolates from geographically separate locations most likely reflect interstate tuberculosis transmission in the past, with subsequent intrastate spread of disease. Further evaluation of M. tuberculosis strains that cause outbreaks in different geographic locations will provide insight into the epidemiological and bacteriological factors that facilitate the spread of tuberculosis.

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Miehlke, Stephan, Rachel Thomas, Oscar Guiterrez, David Y. Graham e Mae F. Go. "DNA Fingerprinting of Single Colonies ofHelicobacter pylori from Gastric Cancer Patients Suggests Infection with a Single Predominant Strain". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, n. 1 (1999): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.1.245-247.1999.

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In each of six gastric cancer patients, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR DNA fingerprints of 18 single colonies ofHelicobacter pylori from the gastric antrum, corpus, and cardia were identical and matched that of the parental isolate. In three additional gastric cancer patients, 17 of 18 single-colony DNA fingerprints were identical to each other and to the DNA fingerprint of the corresponding parental isolate.

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D'EUSTACHIO, PETER. "Interpreting DNA fingerprints". Nature 356, n. 6369 (aprile 1992): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356483a0.

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BROOKFIELD, JOHN. "Interpreting DNA fingerprints". Nature 356, n. 6369 (aprile 1992): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356483b0.

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Wang, Haiping, Dongbo Mi, Wanxu Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Dongsheng Tong, Shengjiang Wang e Feng Gao. "Latent Fingerprint Visualization and Subsequent DNA Extraction Using Electron Beam Evaporation of Metallic Ultra-Thin Films". Current Nanoscience 15, n. 3 (19 febbraio 2019): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413714666180628155824.

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Background: Proper detection and subsequent extraction of biological evidence are crucial for crime scene reconstruction. Vacuum metal deposition is currently an effective technique used in latent fingerprint development. However, the established procedures commonly undergo a direct plasma bombardment, a high ablation fluence and/or a high temperature process in vacuum metal deposition system. Method: In this work, electron beam evaporation (EBE) was used to investigate the development of latent fingerprints and subsequent DNA extraction of biological evidence. Gold or copper is preferentially nucleated on the background surfaces rather than the fingerprint residues due to the difference of the nature of the surface, which indicates that the gold / copper and copper agglomerates are binding to the fingerprint valleys not the ridges of the fingerprint, revealing bright patterns with excellent ridge detail clarity on black surfaces. Result: It is demonstrated that the co-extraction of the latent fingerprints and DNA is attributed to electron beam evaporated one-step process with relatively low energy bombarding energetic species and neutral particles, less possibility of contamination and without toxic and fluorine-based gases. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that EBE is a promising technique for the latent fingerprints and DNA co-extraction.

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McAlpin, C. E., D. T. Wicklow e B. W. Horn. "DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Aspergillus flavus from a Peanut Field in Georgia". Plant Disease 86, n. 3 (marzo 2002): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.254.

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The ability of species-specific DNA probe pAF28 to correctly match 75 strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from a peanut field in Georgia with 1 of 44 distinct vegetative compatibility groupings (VCGs) was assessed. Multiple strains belonging to the same VCG typically produced identical DNA fingerprints, with the exception of VCG 17 and VCG 24, which contained strains that showed 83 and 87% similarity, respectively. A. flavus isolates sharing more than 80% of the fragments are recognized as belonging to the same DNA fingerprint group. Each VCG represented by a single isolate produced unique DNA fingerprints. The results provide further evidence that the pAF28 probe is able to distinguish A. flavus VCGs based on DNA fingerprints and can be used to predict the approximate number of VCGs in a sample population. The DNA probe also hybridized strongly and displayed multiple and distinct bands with other species in Aspergillus section Flavi: A. bombycis, A. caelatus, A. nomius, A. pseudotamarii, and A. tamarii. Although individual strains representing Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi produced DNA fingerprints with multiple bands, the banding patterns could not be used to classify these strains according to species.

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SHAPIRO, MARTIN M. "Imprints on DNA fingerprints". Nature 353, n. 6340 (settembre 1991): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353121b0.

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HILLEL, J., Y. PLOTZY, A. HABERFELD, U. LAVI, A. CAHANER e A. J. JEFFREYS. "DNA fingerprints of poultry". Animal Genetics 20, n. 3 (24 aprile 2009): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00852.x.

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Tesi sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Wong, Zilla Yin Har. "Molecular analysis of human minisatellites". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34372.

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Tandem-repetitive hypervariable minisatellites detected in a DNA fingerprint provide highly informative genetic markers. To identify and localize specific loci represented in a DNA fingerprint, it is necessary to clone individual minisatellites. This thesis is concerned with the characterization of single locus minisatellite probes cloned from DNA fingerprints. Seven single locus human minisatellite probes have been cloned by screening ? libraries with DNA fingerprint probes 33.6 and 33.15. Each locus consists of a minisatellite, with repeat units ranging in length from 9 to 47 base pairs depending on the locus. These autosomal loci are amongst the most variable loci characterized to date. The heterozygosity values of D1S7, D1S8, D5S43, D7S21, D7S22 and D12S11 range from 85% to >99%. Clustering of minisatellites was initially detected at the D12S11 locus. This observation led to the subsequent discovery of minisatellites showing close physical linkage as well as a tendency for minisatellites to be localized in proterminal chromosomal regions. An association of a minisatellite with a dispersed repetitive element was identified when studying the organization of cloned D7S22. This phenomenon was later found to be common amongst minisatellites. Pedigree analysis revealed a high level of instability of the locus detected by D1S7. This manifestation of detectable mutant alleles demonstrated the feasibility of direct estimation of mutation rates at minisatellite loci. The hypervariability of loci detected by minisatellites and their sensitivity in blot hybridizations make minisatellites a powerful tool in genetic analysis. These probes have already proved instrumental in many genetic and clinical studies. The high degree of individual specificity and the relatively simple banding pattern generated make these probes invaluable in forensic medicine. D1S7 and D7S21 were used in the first example of DNA-based identification in a rape and murder enquiry. One minisatellite probe was found to detect two loci, DNF21S1 and DNF21S2, on chromosomes 6 and 16 respectively. The 39 base pair repeat unit of this minisatellite is itself repetitive. The heterozygosity values of DNF21S1 and DNF21S2 are 61% and 16% respectively. Genomic mapping and sequence analyses revealed close similarity between these loci. Human population and pedigree studies showed that some individuals carry two alleles at DNF21S2, some carry one allele, some carry a duplicated allele while some are devoid of this locus. A model of duplication of a large proterminal segment of chromosome 6 DNA containing a minisatellite and transposition into an interstitial region of chromosome 16 in some human individuals is suggested. This is, to my knowledge, the first report of a human DNA polymorphism arising via transposition of DNA. The duplication unit on chromosome 16 is large (>15 kb) and has inserted into a member of a target site family present in 5-10 copies per genome. This sequence family represents a novel class of human repetitive DNA.

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Dean, Kristina. "Degradability of both a physical latent fingerprint and its associated extracted DNA". [Cedar City, Utah] : Southern Utah University, 2009. http://unicorn.li.suu.edu/ScholarArchive/ForensicScience/DeanKristina.pdf.

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Oleiwi, Abdulrahman Abdulkhaleq. "Experimental approaches to improving trace DNA recovery from developed fingerprints". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/595868.

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Hirons, Linda. "Activity fingerprints in DNA based on a structural analysis of sequence information". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14885/.

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The function of a DNA sequence is commonly predicted by measuring its nucleotide similarity to known functional sets. However, the use of structural properties to identify patterns within families is justified by the discovery that many very different sequences have similar structural properties. The aim of this thesis is to develop tools that detect any unusual structural characteristics of a particular sequence or that identify DNA structure-activity fingerprints common to a set. This work uses the Octamer Database to describe DNA. The database's contents are split into two categories: those parameters that describe minimum energy structure and those that measure flexibility. Information from both of these categories has been combined to describe structural tendencies, offering an alternative measure of sequence similarity. A structural DNA profile gives a graphical illustration of how a parameter from the Octamer Database varies across either a single sequence's length or across a set of sequences. Profile Manager is an application that has been developed to automate single sequence profile generation and is used to study the A-tract phenomenon. The use of profiles to explore patterns in flexibility across a set of pre-aligned promoters is then investigated with interesting transitions in decreasing twist flexibility discovered. Multiple sequence queries are harder to solve than those of single sequences, due to the inherent need for the sequences to be aligned. It is only under rare circumstances that sequences are pre-aligned by an experimentally determined position. More commonly a multiple alignment must be generated. An extended, structure-based, hidden Markov model technique that successfully generates structural alignment~ is presented. Its. application is tested on four DNA protein binding site datasets with comparisons made to the traditional sequence method. Structural alignments of two out of the four datasets were comparable in performance to sequence with useful insights into underlying structural mechanisms.

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Marcon, Jessica L. "The distinctiveness effect in fingerprint identification how the role of distinctiveness, information loss, and informational bias influence fingerprint identification /". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Dominick, Ainsley Jane. "An evaluation of the mechanisms of recovery of DNA and fingerprints from fire scenes". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12779.

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Johnson, Eric. "Density-Based Clustering of High-Dimensional DNA Fingerprints for Library-Dependent Microbial Source Tracking". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1511.

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As part of an ongoing multidisciplinary effort at California Polytechnic State University, biologists and computer scientists have developed a new Library-Dependent Microbial Source Tracking method for identifying the host animals causing fecal contamination in local water sources. The Cal Poly Library of Pyroprints (CPLOP) is a database which stores E. coli representations of fecal samples from known hosts acquired from a novel method developed by the biologists called Pyroprinting. The research group considers E. coli samples whose Pyroprints match above a certain threshold to be part of the same bacterial strain. If an environmental sample from an unknown host animal matches one of the strains in CPLOP, then it is likely that the host of the unknown sample is the same species as one of the hosts that the strain was previously found in. The computer science technique for finding groups of related data (ie. strains) in a data set is called clustering. In this thesis, we evaluate the use of density-based clustering for identifying strains in CPLOP. Density-based clustering finds clusters of points which have a minimum number of other points within a given radius. We contribute a clustering algorithm based on the original DBSCAN algorithm which removes points from the search space after they have been seen once. We also present a new method for comparing Pyroprints which is algebraically related to the current method. The method has mathematical properties which make it possible to use Pyroprints in a spatial index we designed especially for Pyroprints, which can be utilized by the DBSCAN algorithm to speed up clustering.

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MATTEI, Aldo. "Fingerprint Enhancement by means of Electromagnetic Radiation: a Pilot Study to Drive Future Researches". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389238.

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Fingerprints are a worldwide well known tool for law enforcement agencies to reach the individualization of people convicted of a crime. Moreover, all major countries have huge fingerprint databases and efficient automated systems (AFIS) to perform electronic screening of fingerprints marks recovered by crime scene investigation. Fingerprints are permanent and even if, from a scientific point of view, they could not be considered unique, friction ridge is highly selective and allows a discrimination between different individuals with a very high proficiency. Up to now, the most common techniques for enhancing latent fingerprints from articles collected in the crime scene are based on chemical-physical processes, or optical detection techniques, based on absorption, photoluminescence, diffused reflection or ultraviolet imaging, with appropriate band-pass and/or narrow-band filtering. Chemical-physical processes have shown really good performances, but they are destructive with respect to the latent finger mark deposit and in most cases these methods partially affect subsequent DNA analysis. On the other side, optical detection processes have the advantage of being non-destructive of the fingerprint. As a result, these techniques allow later performing of DNA analysis and/or the further application of conventional fingerprint development procedures. The majority of the optical techniques, with the possible exception of the ultraviolet inspection, allow further biological analysis. And as the aforementioned methods have the advantage of being non alterative with the respect of the fingerprint deposit, subsequent application of chemical and/or physical methods is not precluded. Moreover, some recent studies are investigating the X-ray fluorescence of fingerprints, and some others are attempting to discriminate the IR spectrum of the finger mark deposit from the IR spectrum of the surface. It is easy to understand how crucial is to develop a robust technique of optical analysis, able to reach a high-resolution imaging of finger marks, requiring no chemical conventional or non-conventional pre-process and producing no modification either on the finger perspiration deposit or on the background surface. The proper image of the fingerprint, obtained from the item surface, could allow us to perform a complete fingerprint analysis, which potentially leads us to the individualization of the perpetrator. Moreover, fingerprint imaging could exactly point out the particular region of the whole surface where we can surely find the DNA of the donor, with a higher probability of successful analysis.

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Soattin, Marica. "The use of molecular markers for analyzing genes and genomes of livestock". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425494.

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The present thesis has been developed considering three different livestock species such as chicken, cattle and sheep. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the application of molecular makers in order to assay the genetic population structure on seven local breeds of chicken, to evaluate the applicability of candidate genes as support of conventional breeding on Piedmontese cattle breed and to detect new SNPs on a sheep population. The first two researchs were carried out at Department of Animal Science of University of Padova while the last one at Reprogen (Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, AUS).

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Khoory, Haifa. "The feasibility of transferring cells from archived buccal swabs to FTA card for long term and simple storage of forensic samples". University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0088.

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[Truncated abstract] The collection of buccal cells is common practise in the epidemiological and forensic science. Unlike venipuncture collection of blood; it is a safer, non-invasive method for collection of biological material. The methods by which these cells are collected from the inner cheek of an individual and stored are the key elements in preserving DNA. Typically, forensic samples require long term storage. Samples are commonly collected on cotton swabs and stored moist at low to ultra-low temperatures (less than -20oC). Although this is the method of choice in most forensic facilities, there are drawbacks. The samples are inherently contaminated with microflora within the oral cavity and the moisture allows a plethora of microorganisms to grow. As the time frame that has elapsed from collection to storage increases, there is an exponential increase in bacterial cells. Storage of containers containing swabs coated with cells at temperatures below 20oC is also costly due to requirements for large freezers which are running and monitored over 24 hours. In the pass 10 to 15 years, researchers have focussed on alternative ways to store buccal cells. The FTA card system by Whatman is one such development. The FTA card is unique in that it provides a means for the collection of buccal cells for storage at room temperature. DNA profiling from samples stored in this way for 11 years has been successfully achieved. The filter paper matrix of the FTA card binds and subsequently lyses cells. ... (2) The second component of this thesis describes a study which subjected cells on buccal swabs to various conditions of increased temperature over periods of time to establish if DNA could be amplified. The aim was to mimic exposure to the vigours of field conditions, particularly in the extreme local environments that prevail in the United Arab Emirates. a. Initially, buccal cells stored at -20oC over 360 days were used to mimic standard archiving procedures. The cells were subsequently transferred to FTA cards, amplified and profiled by using ABI AmpFLSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Complete STR profiles were successfully recovered from the archived swabs. In most cases 100% of alleles were recovered, suggesting that it is feasible to transfer DNA from properly archived buccal swabs to FTA cards. b. The second phase involved the storage of fresh swabs that had been artificially aged by using incubation temperatures ranging from 40oC to 100oC. Partial profiles resulted from artificially aged samples, indicating that the prevailing conditions prior to low temperature storage of the swabs plays an important role in ensuring cellular integrity and thus, DNA quality. Results from this study suggest that it is possible for biological samples stored under correct conditions to be transferred from swabs to FTA card. In combination, the two chapters presented in this study show that it is feasible to transfer achieved forensic biology samples from swabs to the FTA card system. However, it is necessary to ensure that the samples are treated in the correct manner so as to minimise contamination from external sources and to maintain the correct environmental state to maintain intact cells and usable DNA.

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Libri sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Heffernan, Liz. Scientific evidence: Fingerprints and DNA. Dublin: First Law Ltd., 2006.

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Neto, Alberto Chamelete. Investigação de paternidade & DNA. Curitiba: Juruá Editora, 2002.

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Gallegly, Mannon E. Phytophthora: Identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 2008.

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Gallegly, Mannon E. Phytophthora: Identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 2008.

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Chuanxue, Hong, a cura di. Phytophthora: Identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 2008.

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Office, Great Britain Home, e Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office., a cura di. DNA profiling in DNA immigration casework: Report of apilot trial. London: Home Office, 1988.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1992.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: Macmillan, 1990.

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DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: Stockton Press, 1990.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Joshi, Devi Datt. "Herbal Drugs and DNA Fingerprints". In Herbal Drugs and Fingerprints, 231–45. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0804-4_13.

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Hummel, K., e W. Bär. "Kinship plausibilities from DNA fingerprints". In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 20–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75496-8_5.

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Kohlhepp, Brian. "Investigations: Use of DNA and Fingerprints". In Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 614–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70488-3_25.

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Smith, Marcus, e Seumas Miller. "The Rise of Biometric Identification: Fingerprints and Applied Ethics". In Biometric Identification, Law and Ethics, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90256-8_1.

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AbstractIn the late nineteenth century, it became understood that the patterns on the skin of the fingers were unique and could be used for identification purposes, leading to the development of biometric identification (Smith M, Mann M, Urbas G. Biometrics, crime and security. Routledge, 2018). The ease with which fingerprints can be accessed and recorded, and the ease with which they transfer to surfaces and objects, made them ideal for law enforcement purposes. Today, in digital form, fingerprints and other biometric identification techniques, notably DNA profiles and facial recognition technology, are a widely used means of identification across a range of applications, from accessing personal devices, to banking, border security and law enforcement. However, these uses have raised a raft of ethical or moral (we use these terms interchangeably) concerns, some of the more important of which we discuss in this work.In the first chapter, we discuss general aspects of biometric identification, before focusing on fingerprint identification, including its reliability as form of evidence. Secondly, we provide an overview of applied ethics; and outline a key theoretical notion, relevant to many of the issues discussed throughout the later chapters: collective responsibility. Finally, we analyse the ethical risks and benefits associated with the technique of fingerprint identification.

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Krawczak, M., e B. Bockel. "The formal analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints". In DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science, 249–55. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_21.

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Dobosz, T., P. Koziol, K. Sawicki, M. Szczepaniak, J. Jagielski, C. Vogt e S. Szymaniec. "DNA Fingerprints of Families from Bejsce/South-East Poland". In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 190–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77324-2_56.

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Corley, J., M. Rabinovich, M. Seigelchifer, E. Corley e J. ZorzÓpulos. "Sperm utilization in honeybees as detected by M13 DNA fingerprints". In DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science, 355–62. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_33.

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Miyaki, C. Y., A. Wajntal, O. Hanotte e T. Burke. "Characterization and applications of multilocus DNA fingerprints in Brazilian endangered macaws". In DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science, 395–401. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_38.

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Schacker, U., T. Kaufmann, P. M. Schneider e C. Rittner. "Reliability of Restriction Enzyme Digestions of Genomic DNA for the Generation of DNA Fingerprints". In DNA — Technology and Its Forensic Application, 103–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76632-9_12.

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Fimmers, R., J. T. Epplen, P. M. Schneider e M. P. Baur. "Likelihood Calculations in Paternity Testing on the Basis of DNA-Fingerprints". In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 14–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75496-8_3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Reising, Donald R., e Michael A. Temple. "WiMAX mobile subscriber verification using Gabor-based RF-DNA fingerprints". In ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2012.6364039.

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Banerjee, Anupam, Sumana Basu, Orachorm Mekkerdchoo, Georges Srzednicki, Mita Nasipuri e Subhadip Basu. "Automatic classification of A. paeoniifolius species from DNA fingerprints of Amorphophalus Genus". In 2012 International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codis.2012.6422269.

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Morawitz, Falk. "Multilayered Narration in Electroacoustic Music Composition Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data Sonification and Acousmatic Storytelling". In ICAD 2019: The 25th International Conference on Auditory Display. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2019.052.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical tool to determine the structure of chemical compounds. Unlike other spectroscopic methods, signals recorded using NMR spectrometers are frequently in a range of zero to 20000 Hz, making direct playback possible. As each type of molecule has, based on its structural features, distinct and predictable features in its NMR spectra, NMR data sonification can be used to create auditory ‘fingerprints’ of molecules. This paper describes the methodology of NMR data sonification of the nuclei nitrogen, phosphorous, and oxygen and analyses the sonification products of DNA and protein NMR data. The paper introduces On the Extinction of a Species, an acousmatic music composition combining NMR data sonification and voice narration. Ideas developed in electroacoustic composition, such as acousmatic storytelling and sound-based narration are presented and investigated for their use in sonification-based creative works.

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Yang, Kang, Run Wang e Lina Wang. "MetaFinger: Fingerprinting the Deep Neural Networks with Meta-training". In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/109.

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As deep neural networks (DNNs) play a critical role in various fields, the models themselves hence are becoming an important asset that needs to be protected. To achieve this, various neural network fingerprint methods have been proposed. However, existing fingerprint methods fingerprint the decision boundary by adversarial examples, which is not robust to model modification and adversarial defenses. To fill this gap, we propose a robust fingerprint method MetaFinger, which fingerprints the inner decision area of the model by meta-training, rather than the decision boundary. Specifically, we first generate many shadow models with DNN augmentation as meta-data. Then we optimize some images by meta-training to ensure that only models derived from the protected model can recognize them. To demonstrate the robustness of our fingerprint approach, we evaluate our method against two types of attacks including input modification and model modification. Experiments show that our method achieves 99.34% and 97.69% query accuracy on average, surpassing existing methods over 30%, 25% on CIFAR-10 and Tiny-ImageNet, respectively. Our code is available at https://github.com/kangyangWHU/MetaFinger.

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Orabi, El-Sayed, Mohamed A. Assal, Mustafa Abdel Azim e Yasser Kamal. "DNA fingerprint using smith waterman algorithm by grid computing". In 2014 9th International Conference on Informatics and Systems (INFOS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infos.2014.7036681.

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Ghany, Kareem Kamal A., Gehad Hassan, Aboul Ella Hassanien, Hesham A. Hefny, Gerald Schaefer e Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad. "A hybrid biometric approach embedding DNA data in fingerprint images". In 2014 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciev.2014.6850836.

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Menzel, E. R., e Clay Allred. "Lanthanide mixed ligand chelates for DNA profiling and latent fingerprint detection". In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, a cura di John Hicks, Peter R. De Forest e Vivian M. Baylor. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266301.

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Bröcker-Vriends, A. H. J. T., E. Briët, J. C. F. M. Dreesen, E. Bakker, J. J. P. van de Kamp e P. L. Pearson. "THE ORIGIN OF THE MUTATION IN FAMILIES WITH AN ISOLATED CASE OF HAEMOPHILIA A". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644015.

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Approximately one third of the patients with haemophilia appears to have no affected relatives. The proportion of cases due to a new mutational event as well as the gamete origin of the mutation has been much debated. The objective of this study was to define the origin of the mutation in families with an isolated case by DNA analysis. We investigated 22 families with an isolated case of haemophilia A. Intragenic (Bell, Xbal) and extragenic (BglII/DX13, Taql/Stl4) RFLPs were investigated for. If necessary, paternity was tested by DNA fingerprint patterns obtained with the 33.15 mini satellite probe.In seven of the 22 families it could be demonstratedthat the abnormal X-chromosome of the haemophiliac was derived from the normal maternal grandfather. In six of these 7 families the mother of the patient had a high probability of carriershio on the basis of clotting factor VIII assays, so that, probably, the mutation had occurred in the paternal gamete. As a consequence, carriership could be excluded for aunts, nieces and more distant female relatives of the patient.In three families the abnormal X-chromosome was derived from the maternal grandmother, while, sofar, in the remaining 12 families no conclusions as to the origin of the mutation could be drawn.In contrast with earlier findings, these results illustrate that at least thirty percent of the isolatedcases of haemophilia A are due to a recent de novo mutation.

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Wheeler, Charles G., e Donald R. Reising. "Assessment of the impact of CFO on RF-DNA fingerprint classification performance". In 2017 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2017.7876111.

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In Seop Na, Tae Ho Han, Soo Hyung Kim, Byeoung Hun Shin e Eui-Chul Kim. "Investigation of Distortion Revision and Binarization of Each Lane on DNA Fingerprint". In 2008 IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops. CIT Workshops 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cit.2008.workshops.60.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "DNA fingerprints"

Armbrust, E. V. Analysis of Diatom Blooms Using DNA Fingerprints. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627659.

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Armbrust, E. V. Analysis of Diatom Blooms Using DNA Fingerprints. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629750.

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Button, Julie M. Analysis of cellular and extracellular DNA in fingerprints. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169860.

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Dunnington, Ann, Jossi Hillel, Paul Siegel e Avigdor Cahaner. Use of DNA "Fingerprints" as Genetic Markers in Poultry Breeding. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7603828.bard.

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Zhang, Hongbin, Shahal Abbo, Weidong Chen, Amir Sherman, Dani Shtienberg e Frederick Muehlbauer. Integrative Physical and Genetic Mapping of the Chickpea Genome for Fine Mapping and Analysis of Agronomic Traits. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592122.bard.

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Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop in the world and ranks first in the Middle East; however, it has been subjected to only limited research in modern genomics. In the first period of this project (US-3034-98R) we constructed two large-insert BAC and BIBAC libraries, developed 325 SSR markers and mapped QTLs controlling ascochyta blight resistance (ABR) and days to first flower (DTF). Nevertheless, the utilities of these tools and results in gene discovery and marker-assisted breeding are limited due to the absence of an essential platform. The goals of this period of the project were to use the resources and tools developed in the first period of the project to develop a BAC/BIBAC physical map for chickpea and using it to identify BAC/BIBACcontigs containing agronomic genes of interest, with an emphasis on ABR and DTF, and develop DNA markers suitable for marker-assisted breeding. Toward these goals, we proposed: 1) Fingerprint ~50,000 (10x) BACs from the BAC and BIBAC libraries, assemble the clones into a genome-wide BAC/BIBAC physical map, and integrate the BAC/BIBAC map with the existing chickpea genetic maps (Zhang, USA); 2) fine-map ABR and DTFQTLs and enhance molecular tools for chickpea genetics and breeding (Shahal, Sherman and DaniShtienberg, Israel; Chen and Muehlbauer; USA); and 3) integrate the BAC/BIBAC map with the existing chickpea genetic maps (Sherman, Israel; Zhang and Chen, USA). For these objectives, a total of $460,000 was requested originally, but a total of $300,000 was awarded to the project. We first developed two new BAC and BIBAC libraries, Chickpea-CME and Chickpea- CHV. The chickpea-CMEBAC library contains 22,272 clones, with an average insert size of 130 kb and equivalent to 4.0 fold of the chickpea genome. The chickpea-CHVBIBAC library contains 38,400 clones, with an average insert size of 140 kb and equivalent to 7.5 fold of the chickpea genome. The two new libraries (11.5 x), along with the two BAC (Chickpea-CHI) and BIBAC (Chickpea-CBV) libraries (7.1 x) constructed in the first period of the project, provide libraries essential for chickpea genome physical mapping and many other genomics researches. Using these four libraries we then developed the proposed BAC/BIBAC physical map of chickpea. A total of 67,584 clones were fingerprinted, and 64,211 (~11.6 x) of the fingerprints validated and used in the physical map assembly. The physical map consists of 1,945 BAC/BIBACcontigs, with each containing an average of 39.2 clones and having an average physical length of 559 kb. The contigs collectively span ~1,088 Mb, being 1.49 fold of the 740- Mb chickpea genome. Third, we integrated the physical map with the two existing chickpea genetic maps using a total of 172 (124 + 48) SSR markers. Fourth, we identified tightly linked markers for ABR-QTL1, increased marker density at ABR-QTL2 and studied the genetic basis of resistance to pod abortion, a major problem in the east Mediterranean, caused by heat stress. Finally, we, using the integrated map, isolated the BAC/BIBACcontigs containing or closely linked to QTL4.1, QTL4.2 and QTL8 for ABR and QTL8 for DTF. The integrated BAC/BIBAC map resulted from the project will provide a powerful platform and tools essential for many aspects of advanced genomics and genetics research of this crop and related species. These includes, but are not limited to, targeted development of SNP, InDel and SSR markers, high-resolution mapping of the chickpea genome and its agronomic genes and QTLs, sequencing and decoding of all genes of the genome using the next-generation sequencing technology, and comparative genome analysis of chickpea versus other legumes. The DNA markers and BAC/BIBACcontigs containing or closely linked to ABR and DTF provide essential tools to develop SSR and SNP markers well-suited for marker-assisted breeding of the traits and clone their corresponding genes. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote enhanced and substantial genetic improvement of the crop and related legumes.

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Schlyter, J., e W. Griffin. Using DNS to Securely Publish Secure Shell (SSH) Key Fingerprints. RFC Editor, gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4255.

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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra e Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.

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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.

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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim e Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, aprile 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.

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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.

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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn e Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, aprile 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.

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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.

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Joel, Daniel M., Steven J. Knapp e Yaakov Tadmor. Genomic Approaches for Understanding Virulence and Resistance in the Sunflower-Orobanche Host-Parasite Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592655.bard.

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Oroginal Objectives: (i) identify DNA markers linked to the avirulence (Avr) locus and locate the Avr locus through genetic mapping with an inter-race Orobanche cumana population; (ii) develop high-throughput fingerprint DNA markers for genotypingO. cumana races; (iii) identify nucleotide binding domain leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes encoding R proteins conferring resistance to O. cumana in sunflower; (iv) increase the resolution of the chromosomal segment harboring Or₅ and related R genes through genetic and physical mapping in previously and newly developed mapping populations of sunflower; and (v) develop high-throughput DNA markers for rapidly and efficiently identifying and transferring sunflower R genes through marker-assisted selection. Revisions made during the course of project: Following changes in O. cumana race distribution in Israel, the newly arrived virulent race H was chosen for further analysis. HA412-HO, which was primarily chosen as a susceptible sunflower cultivar, was more resistant to the new parasite populations than var. Shemesh, thus we shifted sunflower research into analyzing the resistance of HA412-HO. We exceeded the deliverables for Objectives #3-5 by securing funding for complete physical and high-density genetic mapping of the sunflower genome, in addition to producing a complete draft sequence of the sunflower genome. We discovered limited diversity between the parents of the O. cumana population developed for the mapping study. Hence, the developed DNA marker resources were insufficient to support genetic map construction. This objective was beyond the scale and scope of the funding. This objective is challenging enough to be the entire focus of follow up studies. Background to the topic: O. cumana, an obligate parasitic weed, is one of the most economically important and damaging diseases of sunflower, causes significant yield losses in susceptible genotypes, and threatens production in Israel and many other countries. Breeding for resistance has been crucial for protecting sunflower from O. cumana, and problematic because new races of the pathogen continually emerge, necessitating discovery and deployment of new R genes. The process is challenging because of the uncertainty in identifying races in a genetically diverse parasite. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We developed a small collection of SSR markers for genetic mapping in O. cumana and completed a diversity study to lay the ground for objective #1. Because DNA sequencing and SNPgenotyping technology dramatically advanced during the course of the study, we recommend shifting future work to SNP discovery and mapping using array-based approaches, instead of SSR markers. We completed a pilot study using a 96-SNP array, but it was not large enough to support genetic mapping in O.cumana. The development of further SNPs was beyond the scope of the grant. However, the collection of SSR markers was ideal for genetic diversity analysis, which indicated that O. cumanapopulations in Israel considerably differ frompopulations in other Mediterranean countries. We supplied physical and genetic mapping resources for identifying R-genes in sunflower responsible for resistance to O. cumana. Several thousand mapped SNP markers and a complete draft of the sunflower genome sequence are powerful tools for identifying additional candidate genes and understanding the genomic architecture of O. cumana-resistanceanddisease-resistance genes. Implications: The OrobancheSSR markers have utility in sunflower breeding and genetics programs, as well as a tool for understanding the heterogeneity of races in the field and for geographically mapping of pathotypes.The segregating populations of both Orobanche and sunflower hybrids are now available for QTL analyses.

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