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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Distribution d'abondance des traits"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 29 marzo 2025

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1

Carbonara, Pierluigi, Teresa Silecchia, Maria Spedicato, Alessandra Acrivulis e Giuseppe Lembo. "A GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARAPENAEUS LONGIROSTRIS (LUCAS, 1846) IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN SEA". Crustaceana 72, n. 9 (1999): 1093–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099504040.

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AbstractThe spatial distribution of the abundance indices of the deep-water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris was investigated applying geostatistical techniques on data collected in the central southern Tyrrhenian Sea from bottom trawl surveys carried out in the autumn since 1994. Experimental variograms (auto and cross) were constructed on the variable "abundance index", expressed in kg/km2, and those variogram models best describing the spatial continuity were detected and validated by the jackknife technique. The spatial structure of the "abundance index", exhibiting a similar pattern throughout the surveys, was described by a spherical model and characterized by a spatial continuity at a small scale level in the whole area. The linear geostatistical approach was applied by different kriging techniques and the estimates extended to the spatio-temporal dimension, in this case adopting the co-regionalized models and applying the cokriging technique. This method applied to the spatial dimension (abundance index and depth). Also, linking the spatial and temporal dimension of the abundance indices, measured in two different years, contributed to represent a more accurate picture of the abundance distribution, and allowed the detection of a temporal persistence of the localization of areas with higher abundance, reducing the standard deviation of the estimation error. This information, if coupled with an analysis of the geographical allocation of the fishing effort, could be of importance in stock assessment, allowing some variant application of the composite surplus production models. La distribution spatiale des indices d'abondance de la crevette rose d'eau profonde Parapenaeus longirostris a ete etudiee en appliquant les techniques de la geostatistique aux donnees collectees dans le centre-sud de la mer Tyrrhenienne au cours des campagnes de chalutage demersal realisees pendant l'automne, depuis 1994. Les variogrammes experimentaux (auto et cross) ont ete construits sur la variable "indice d'abondance", exprimee en kg/km2, et les modeles de variogramme decrivants le mieux la continuite spatiale ont ete determines et valides par la technique du "jackknife". La structure spatiale de l'indice d'abondance a presente le meme aspect pour tous les echantillonages; elle a ete decrite au moyen d'un modele spherique et caracterisee par une continuite spatiale a petite echelle dans toute la zone. La geostatistique lineaire a ete appliquee en utilisant differentes techniques du krigeage, et les estimations ont ete etendues a la dimension spatio-temporelle en appliquant les modeles coregionalises et la technique du cokrigeage. Cette methode, appliquee soit dans la dimension spatiale (indice d'abondance et profondeur), soit dans la dimension spatio-temporelle en considerant l'indice d'abondance echantillonne en deux annees differentes, a contribue a representer une image plus precise de la distribution de l'abondance, et a permis de detecter une persistance temporelle de la localisation des aires a plus grande abondance, en reduisant l'ecart type de l'erreur d'estimation. Cette information, avec l'analyse de l'allocation geografique de l'effort de peche, pourrait etre importante dans l'evaluation des stocks, en permettant l'application, avec quelques variantes, des modeles composites de production.
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Bach, P., M. Amanieu, T. L. Hoai e G. Lasserre. "Application du modele de distribution d'abondance de Mandelbrot a l'estimation des captures dans l'etang de Thau". ICES Journal of Marine Science 44, n. 3 (1 gennaio 1988): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/44.3.235.

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3

Szelag-Wasielewska, E. "Distribution du picoplancton autotrophe dans la zone pélagique d'un lac méromictique (Lac Czane, Pologne)". Revue des sciences de l'eau 18 (12 aprile 2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705572ar.

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La composition, l'abondance et la biomasse de la communauté du picoplancton autotrophe (PPA, 0,2-2 m) ont été examinées dans un lac situé en Pologne et récemment considéré comme méromictique, le lac Czarne. Les échantillons d'eau ont été prélevés tous les mètres dans la colonne d'eau, en mars et en juillet 1998. Pendant ces deux dates, le PPA se caractérisait par des changements significatifs de densité dans la colonne d'eau. Au printemps, l'abondance la plus forte a été observée à 9 m (2,1·105 cellules·mL-1) tandis qu'en été elle est observée à 5 m (3,1·105 cellules·mL-1). À toutes les profondeurs, le PPA était dominé par des Cyanobactéries. Au printemps, dominent les cellules libres de picocyanobactéries, contrairement à l'été où les cellules coloniales étaient prépondérantes. La contribution des cellules eucaryotes était faible en termes d'abondance (<20%) et bien plus élevée en termes de biomasse, avec une valeur moyenne de 33% au printemps. La biomasse moyenne du PPA était plus élevée au printemps (12 µgC·L-1) qu'en été (8 µgC·L-1) et des différences nettes sont observées entre les saisons dans sa distribution en fonction de la profondeur.
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4

Simard, Annie, e Anne de Vernal. "Distribution des kystes du type Alexandrium excavatum dans les sédiments récents et postglaciaires des marges est-canadiennes". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 52, n. 3 (2 ottobre 2002): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004868ar.

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Résumé Des analyses palynologiques ont été réalisées dans des échantillons de sédiments de surface de l'Atlantique Nord et de ses bassins adjacents afin de retracer la distribution des kystes des taxons toxiques du type Alexandrium excavatum . La présence de kystes le long des marges sud-scandinaves et au large des côtes sud-est canadiennes indique une préférence pour les milieux néritiques où sont enregistrées des conditions tempérées fraîches (15-17 °C en août) et des salinités relativement faibles (~32 ‰) dans les eaux de surface. Dans le secteur du golfe du Saint-Laurent, l'abondance des kystes augmente de l'estuaire vers les marges atlantiques (détroit de Cabot). L'analyse de séquences postglaciaires du golfe du Saint-Laurent révèle un maximum d'abondance des kystes du type Alexandrium excavatum autour de 9 000 ans BP, soit au début du présent interglaciaire. Cet acmé est marqué par des concen-trations particulièrement élevées (jusqu'à 104 kystes.cm -3 ) à l'embouchure du golfe du Saint-Laurent (région du détroit de Cabot). La distribution actuelle et postglaciaire des kystes du type Alexandrium excavatum laisse supposer un ensemencement régional du golfe du Saint-Laurent à partir des marges nord-atlantiques adjacentes.
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5

Nola, M., T. Njine, V. F. Sikati e E. Djuikom. "Distribution de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Aeromonas hydrophila dans les eaux de la nappe phréatique superficielle en zone équatoriale au Cameroun et relations avec quelques paramètres chimiques du milieu." Revue des sciences de l'eau 14, n. 1 (12 aprile 2005): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705407ar.

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Une étude microbiologique et chimique a été menée pendant un an sur les eaux de sources et de puits de Yaoundé (Cameroun). Les analyses microbiologiques ont été faites suivant la technique des membranes filtrantes, et les analyses chimiques, suivant les techniques analytiques usuelles. Les abondances maximales mensuelles de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et de Aeromonas hydrophila varient respectivement de 1 à 22x103 UFC.100 ml-1 d'eau, et de 1 à 7,8x103 UFC.100 ml-1. Ces abondances bactériennes subissent d'amples fluctuations spatio-temporelles. Les eaux de sources et de puits analysées sont faiblement bicarbonatées, douces et présentent une minéralisation faible à moyenne. Le pH varie de 3 à 5 et les concentrations en CO2 dissous, de 300 à 532 mg.l-1. Un bon nombre des caractéristiques chimiques de ces eaux est relativement stable au cours du temps, en dépit des fluctuations spatiales apparentes. Le degré de corrélation entre les paramètres chimiques et la dynamique d'abondance des bactéries isolées, est hétérogène. Cela est nettement plus marqué dans les eaux de puits, en raison des conséquences de l'exploitation humaine de ces eaux, à l'origine d'apports allochtones divers.
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6

Badr, Anas. "Distribution of Nulliparous Fertility Traits". Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 11, n. 5 (1 maggio 2020): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2020.104946.

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7

Haarsma, Anne-Jifke, e Henk Siepel. "Macro-evolutionary trade-offs as the basis for the distribution of European bats". Animal Biology 63, n. 4 (2013): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002424.

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Bats have a high species diversity and show unique ecological traits. The distribution patterns of European bat species differ between species. In this paper we seek to explain which life history traits, or interrelations between traits, can best explain observed differences in the distribution patterns of bats. Traits are interrelated and sometimes involve trade-offs, implying that a change in one trait may have positive or negative consequences for other traits. We describe the main morphological, physiological and ecological adaptations of insectivorous European bat species. We make pair-wise relations between traits, indicating the interrelations between traits, in terms of possible trade-offs. We relate the consequences of these trade-offs to the distribution maps of the species, focusing on the traits relevant for southern and northern distribution limits. We found coarse patterns that might indicate the distribution of related species are a consequence of their physiological, morphological and ecological adaptations and the interrelations between these adaptations. Hence, we think life-history strategies can be used to explain differences in species distribution. The method presented in this paper might also be useful for other mammal groups with a high species diversity, such as Rodentia and Soricidae.
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8

Raymond, Anne. "Paleogeographic Distribution of Early Devonian Plant Traits". PALAIOS 2, n. 2 (1987): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514640.

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Yao, Qiang, e Shawn Mehlenbacher. "DISTRIBUTION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN HAZELNUT PROGENIES". Acta Horticulturae, n. 556 (luglio 2001): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2001.556.21.

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10

Menglin, Li, Zhang Xinbing, Tong Yao, Huang Jihong, Zhang Shichen, Xu Shuyi, Ding Yi et al. "Mean annual temperature mainly drives spatial pattern of plant functional traits in inland arid and semi-arid areas". Annals of Forest Research 67, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2024): 51–66. https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2024.3467.

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The distribution pattern of different plant functional traits in arid and semi-arid areas and their environmental impact mechanism are still unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of four key plant functional traits and the effects of environmental factors on their variation in inland arid and semi-arid areas and thus provide a reference for the prediction of species distribution and biodiversity conservation in this region. We focused on wild seed plants naturally distributed in Xinjiang, and by reviewing floras and data sharing platforms, we sorted and compiled the species list and distribution, plant functional traits and environmental data, including 3,953 species information, 44,302 county-level distribution records, 3,892 plant functional traits information and 29 environmental variables. Spatial and statistical analyses were utilized to detect the spatial distribution patterns of four key plant traits in 50 × 50 km grid cells. The spatial variation in different functional traits was explored and environmental drivers were identified. The results showed that there were significant latitudinal and altitudinal gradient patterns of plant functional traits, and there were significant spatial correlations between different traits. Among the three types of environmental factors (climate, soil and habitat heterogeneity), climate factors played the most pronounced role in explaining functional traits. Mean annual temperature (MAT) was the most important driver of the spatial distribution patterns of each trait. Overall, vegetative and reproductive growth of plants is more favorable in areas with higher temperatures, abundant precipitation, fertile soils and high habitat heterogeneity, which is mainly reflected in higher plant height, larger leaves, earlier flowering time and longer flowering duration.
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Tzanatos, Evangelos, Catherine Moukas e Martha Koutsidi. "Mediterranean nekton traits: distribution, relationships and significance for marine ecology monitoring and management". PeerJ 8 (14 febbraio 2020): e8494. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8494.

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Biological traits are increasingly used in order to study aspects of ecology as they are related to the organisms’ fitness. Here we analyze a dataset of 23 traits regarding the life cycle, distribution, ecology and behavior of 235 nektonic species of the Mediterranean Sea in order to evaluate the distribution of traits, identify rare ones, detect relationships between trait pairs and identify species functional groups. Trait relationships were tested using correlation and non-linear regression for continuous traits, parametric and non-parametric inference tests for pairs of continuous-categorical traits and cooccurrence testing for categorical traits. The findings have significant implications concerning the potential effects of climate change (e.g., through the relationships of the trait of optimal temperature), fisheries or habitat loss (from the relationships of traits related to tolerance ranges). Furthermore, some unexpected relationships are documented, like the inversely proportional relationship between longevity and age at maturity as a percentage of life span. Associations between functional traits show affinities derived from phylogenetic constraints or life strategies; however, relationships among functional and ecological traits can indicate the potential environmental filtering that acts on functional traits. In total, 18 functional groups were identified by Hill-Smith ordination and hierarchical clustering and were characterized by their dominant traits. For the assessment of the results, we first evaluate the importance of each trait at the level of population, community, ecosystem and landscape and then propose the traits that should be monitored for the regulation and resilience of ecosystem functioning and the management of the marine ecosystems.
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Alhammadi, Maged Sultan, Esam Halboub, Mona Salah Fayed, Amr Labib e Chrestina El-Saaidi. "Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review". Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 23, n. 6 (dicembre 2018): 40.e1–40.e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl.

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Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.
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Chen, Kai, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao e De-Zhu Li. "Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution". Biogeosciences 19, n. 19 (12 ottobre 2022): 4801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022.

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Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms that shape the geographic distribution of plant species is a central theme of biogeography. Although seed mass, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny have long been suspected to affect species distribution, the link between the sources of variation in these attributes and their effects on the distribution of seed plants are poorly documented. This study aims to quantify the joint effects of key seed traits and phylogeny on species distribution. We collected the seed mass and seed dispersal mode from 1426 species of seed plants representing 501 genera of 122 families and used 4 138 851 specimens to model species distributional range size. Phylogenetic generalized least-squares regression and variation partitioning were performed to estimate the effects of seed mass, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny on species distribution. We found that species distributional range size was significantly constrained by phylogeny. Seed mass and its intraspecific variation were also important in limiting species distribution, but their effects were different among species with different dispersal modes. Variation partitioning revealed that seed mass, seed mass variability, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny together explained 46.82 % of the variance in species range size. Although seed traits are not typically used to model the geographic distributions of seed plants, our study provides direct evidence showing seed mass, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny are important in explaining species geographic distribution. This finding underscores the necessity to include seed traits and the phylogenetic history of species in climate-based niche models for predicting the response of plant geographic distribution to climate change.
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Comont, Richard F., Helen E. Roy, Owen T. Lewis, Richard Harrington, Christopher R. Shortall e Bethan V. Purse. "Using biological traits to explain ladybird distribution patterns". Journal of Biogeography 39, n. 10 (23 maggio 2012): 1772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02734.x.

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Singhal, Praveen, Rajinder Kumar e Ekta Jindal. "Distribution and Inheritance of Selected Morpho-genetic Traits". Anthropologist 3, n. 2 (aprile 2001): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2001.11890699.

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Schmitt, David P., Jüri Allik, Robert R. McCrae e Verónica Benet-Martínez. "The Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 38, n. 2 (marzo 2007): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297299.

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Sosnová, Monika, Rudy van Diggelen, Petr Macek e Jitka Klimešová. "Distribution of clonal growth traits among wetland habitats". Aquatic Botany 95, n. 2 (agosto 2011): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.04.001.

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Xiao, P. T. "Observations on the normal distribution of quantitative traits". Medical Hypotheses 45, n. 4 (ottobre 1995): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(95)90100-0.

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BARTON, N. H. "Clines in polygenic traits". Genetical Research 74, n. 3 (dicembre 1999): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667239900422x.

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This article outlines theoretical models of clines in additive polygenic traits, which are maintained by stabilizing selection towards a spatially varying optimum. Clines in the trait mean can be accurately predicted, given knowledge of the genetic variance. However, predicting the variance is difficult, because it depends on genetic details. Changes in genetic variance arise from changes in allele frequency, and in linkage disequilibria. Allele frequency changes dominate when selection is weak relative to recombination, and when there are a moderate number of loci. With a continuum of alleles, gene flow inflates the genetic variance in the same way as a source of mutations of small effect. The variance can be approximated by assuming a Gaussian distribution of allelic effects; with a sufficiently steep cline, this is accurate even when mutation and selection alone are better described by the ‘House of Cards’ approximation. With just two alleles at each locus, the phenotype changes in a similar way: the mean remains close to the optimum, while the variance changes more slowly, and over a wider region. However, there may be substantial cryptic divergence at the underlying loci. With strong selection and many loci, linkage disequilibria are the main cause of changes in genetic variance. Even for strong selection, the infinitesimal model can be closely approximated by assuming a Gaussian distribution of breeding values. Linkage disequilibria can generate a substantial increase in genetic variance, which is concentrated at sharp gradients in trait means.
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Cole, J. B., P. M. VanRaden, J. R. O’Connell, C. P. Van Tassell, T. S. Sonstegard, R. D. Schnabel, J. F. Taylor e G. R. Wiggans. "Distribution and location of genetic effects for dairy traits". Journal of Dairy Science 92, n. 6 (giugno 2009): 2931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1762.

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LI, Yao-Qi, e Zhi-Heng WANG. "Leaf morphological traits: ecological function, geographic distribution and drivers". Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 45, n. 10 (2021): 1154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0405.

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Duigan, Catherine, Warren Kovach e Margaret Palmer. "Aquatic macrophyte classification, distribution, and traits in British lakes". SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 30, n. 3 (gennaio 2008): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2008.11902169.

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Collischon, Matthias. "The Returns to Personality Traits Across the Wage Distribution". LABOUR 34, n. 1 (2 settembre 2019): 48–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/labr.12165.

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La Mesa, Mario, Emilio Riginella e Christopher D. Jones. "Early life history traits and geographical distribution ofParachaenichthys charcoti". Antarctic Science 29, n. 5 (22 maggio 2017): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102017000189.

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AbstractThe geographical distribution of the two species of the genusParachaenichthysis allopatric and restricted to the inner shelves of South Georgia–South Sandwich Islands (P. georgianus) and South Orkney Islands–South Shetland Islands (P. charcoti). To evaluate the consistency between the geographical patterns of adult distribution and early life history traits ofP. charcoti, sagittal otoliths were used to estimate growth rate and pelagic duration in larvae and juveniles of this species collected in the Bransfield Strait in winter and summer, respectively. Individual age was determined through microincrement counts, assuming they were daily increments. The Gompertz model was fitted to age–length estimates, providing a mean growth rate of 0.22 mm day-1estimated for 28–204-day-old individuals. Larval hatching was spread over a relatively wide period, lasting from July throughout September. The pelagic larval duration ofP. charcotiwas about six months based on ageing data of larvae and juveniles, as reported forP. georgianusfrom South Georgia. The strong dependence of larvae on the inshore habitat may hamper their dispersal at large spatial scale limiting the connectivity among distant populations, providing clues to interpret the present geographical distribution of the two species.
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Corte, Laura, Paolo Rellini, Francesco Sciascia, Raffaele De Nicola, Fabrizio Fatichenti e Gianluigi Cardinali. "Distribution and correlation of three oenological traits inSaccharomyces cerevisiae". Annals of Microbiology 56, n. 1 (marzo 2006): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03174964.

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Johnson, James R., Parissa Delavari, Michael Kuskowski e Adam L. Stell. "Phylogenetic Distribution of Extraintestinal Virulence‐Associated Traits inEscherichia coli". Journal of Infectious Diseases 183, n. 1 (gennaio 2001): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317656.

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Wu, Cen, Gengxin Li, Jun Zhu e Yuehua Cui. "Functional Mapping of Dynamic Traits with Robust t-Distribution". PLoS ONE 6, n. 9 (22 settembre 2011): e24902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024902.

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Rao, Vanitha S., e Ashok V. Mysore. "Continuous Distribution of Autistic Traits in an Indian Sample". Indian Journal of Pediatrics 85, n. 10 (10 agosto 2018): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-018-2758-1.

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Wittmann, Marion E., Matthew A. Barnes, Christopher L. Jerde, Lisa A. Jones e David M. Lodge. "Confronting species distribution model predictions with species functional traits". Ecology and Evolution 6, n. 4 (febbraio 2016): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1898.

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Madrid Gaviria, Stephania, e José Julián Echeverri Zuluaga. "Association Between Conformation Traits and Reproductive Traits in Holstein Cows in the Department of Antioquia - Colombia". Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 67, n. 2 (1 luglio 2014): 7311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v67n2.44174.

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The objective of this study was to adapt and validate a computer model using the Computational Fluid Dinamics (CFD), in the prediction of temperature and air speed in a duct distribution system coupled to a heating furnace that is used in typical poultry houses in tropical and subtropical countries. The validation of the model with experimental data was satisfactory, presenting normalized mean square error NMSE values of 0.25 and 0.02 for air temperature and air speed, respectively. The results evidenced that the proposed model is adequate for predicting the air speed and temperature for this type of system, and could be used to improve the efficiency of the distribution of heat inside and around air ducts using different air speeds, types of materials and dimensions.
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Boertien, Diederik, Christian von Scheve e Mona Park. "Can Personality Explain the Educational Gradient in Divorce? Evidence From a Nationally Representative Panel Survey". Journal of Family Issues 38, n. 10 (8 maggio 2015): 1339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15585811.

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The social demographic literature on divorce suggests that the lower educated are more likely to have personality traits that reduce relationship stability. However, few empirical verifications of this proposition exist. To fill this void, we look at the distribution of personality traits across educational groups of married individuals in Britain. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey ( N = 2,665), we first estimated the effects of the “Big Five” personality traits agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience on divorce and subsequently examine their distribution across educational groups. We find that in particular women’s personality traits differ by education. We also observe that personality traits affecting divorce risk are distributed unevenly over educational groups, but they do not favor the higher educated in general. In sum, the data do not support the hypothesis that the lower educated in Britain have personality traits that reduce relationship stability.
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32

VARONA, L., N. IBAÑEZ-ESCRICHE, R. QUINTANILLA, J. L. NOGUERA e J. CASELLAS. "Bayesian analysis of quantitative traits using skewed distributions". Genetics Research 90, n. 2 (aprile 2008): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672308009233.

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SummaryStatistical models for genetic evaluation often make use of Gaussian distributions. However, some new statistical developments allow the use of an asymmetric distribution for the residuals. Within this context, we analysed three different patterns for the residual term on a data set consisting of 63 208 litter-size records, belonging to 19 255 sows, with a pedigree including 27 911 individuals. The three different residual distributions were: (1) Gaussian distribution, (2) asymmetric Gaussian distribution and (3) asymmetric Gaussian distribution with a hierarchical scheme for the asymmetry parameter. The operational model always included order of parity and herd-year-season as systematic effects, and the permanent environmental and infinitesimal genetic effect of each sow as random effects. The most suitable model using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and posterior predictive checking was model 3. This implies systematic, additive genetic and permanent environmental control of both litter size and the asymmetry parameter of the residual distribution. The asymmetry parameter can be understood as a measure of sensitivity to negative (or positive) environmental influences on phenotypes. The posterior mean (standard deviation) of the additive genetic variance was 0·28 (0·06) for litter size and 0·07 (0·01) for the asymmetry parameter. The posterior mean (standard deviation) of the additive genetic correlation between litter size and the asymmetry parameter was 0·21 (0·07).
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33

Edwards, M. D., C. W. Stuber e J. F. Wendel. "Molecular-Marker-Facilitated Investigations of Quantitative-Trait Loci in Maize. I. Numbers, Genomic Distribution and Types of Gene Action". Genetics 116, n. 1 (1 maggio 1987): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/116.1.113.

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ABSTRACT Individual genetic factors which underlie variation in quantitative traits of maize were investigated in each of two F2 populations by examining the mean trait expressions of genotypic classes at each of 17–20 segregating marker loci. It was demonstrated that the trait expression of marker locus classes could be interpreted in terms of genetic behavior at linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For each of 82 traits evaluated, QTLs were detected and located to genomic sites. The numbers of detected factors varied according to trait, with the average trait significantly influenced by almost two-thirds of the marked genomic sites. Most of the detected associations between marker loci and quantitative traits were highly significant, and could have been detected with fewer than the 1800–1900 plants evaluated in each population. The cumulative, simple effects of marker-linked regions of the genome explained between 8 and 40% of the phenotypic variation for a subset of 25 traits evaluated. Single marker loci accounted for between 0.3% and 16% of the phenotypic variation of traits. Individual plant heterozygosity, as measured by marker loci, was significantly associated with variation in many traits. The apparent types of gene action at the QTLs varied both among traits and between loci for given traits, although overdominance appeared frequently, especially for yield-related traits. The prevalence of apparent overdominance may reflect the effects of multiple QTLs within individual marker-linked regions, a situation which would tend to result in overestimation of dominance. Digenic epistasis did not appear to be important in determining the expression of the quantitative traits evaluated. Examination of the effects of marked regions on the expression of pairs of traits suggests that genomic regions vary in the direction and magnitudes of their effects on trait correlations, perhaps providing a means of selecting to dissociate some correlated traits. Marker-facilitated investigations appear to provide a powerful means of examining aspects of the genetic control of quantitative traits. Modifications of the methods employed herein will allow examination of the stability of individual gene effects in varying genetic backgrounds and environments.
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Prasanna, G. S. Shai, J. L. Joshi e Ajish Muraleedharan. "Utilizing Genetic Traits Distributions to Enhance Rice Breeding Programs: A Study of Skewness and Kurtosis in Segregating Generations". Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, n. 9 (9 settembre 2024): 741–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i92871.

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This study analyzed the genetic basis of skewness and kurtosis in segregating generations of six rice crosses. Skewness and kurtosis values were calculated for ten biometrical traits across the populations. The traits examined included plant height, number of productive tillers, panicle length, grain yield, and grain dimensions. Results showed diverse patterns of skewness and kurtosis across traits, crosses and generations. Platykurtic distributions were predominant for most traits, suggesting flatter distributions with lighter tails compared to normal. Skewness varied between positive and negative across traits and crosses. Some traits like grain L/B ratio tended to show positive skewness more frequently. Plant height often exhibited negative skewness. The diversity in distribution characteristics indicates significant genetic variability in the populations. Traits showing platykurtic distributions with negative skewness, such as plant height in several crosses, suggest duplicate epistasis and polygenic control. Positively skewed platykurtic distributions for traits like grain dimensions in some crosses indicate complementary epistasis requiring intense selection. Hence, skewness denotes the horizontal pull and kurtosis deals with vertical peaks of the segregating population. The findings provide insights into the genetic control of key rice traits and have implications for breeding strategies. The complex distribution patterns revealed offer a rich basis for selective breeding, depending on specific trait objectives.
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35

Tremlová, Kateřina, e Zuzana Münzbergová. "IMPORTANCE OF SPECIES TRAITS FOR SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES". Ecology 88, n. 4 (aprile 2007): 965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0924.

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36

Lourenço‐de‐Moraes, Ricardo, Felipe S. Campos, Rodrigo B. Ferreira, Karen H. Beard, Mirco Solé, Gustavo A. Llorente e Rogério P. Bastos. "Functional traits explain amphibian distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest". Journal of Biogeography 47, n. 1 (17 ottobre 2019): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13727.

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37

Jardine, Emma C., Gavin H. Thomas, Elisabeth J. Forrestel, Caroline E. R. Lehmann e Colin P. Osborne. "The global distribution of grass functional traits within grassy biomes". Journal of Biogeography 47, n. 3 (21 gennaio 2020): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13764.

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38

van Bodegom, P. M., J. C. Douma e L. M. Verheijen. "A fully traits-based approach to modeling global vegetation distribution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, n. 38 (15 settembre 2014): 13733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1304551110.

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39

Urban, Danuta, Ewelina Tokarz, Halina Smal, Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski e Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko. "Environmental traits determining plant species distribution in selected midforest bogs". Ecological Indicators 89 (giugno 2018): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.012.

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40

Méric, Guillaume, E. Katherine Kemsley, Daniel Falush, Elizabeth J. Saggers e Sacha Lucchini. "Phylogenetic distribution of traits associated with plant colonization inEscherichia coli". Environmental Microbiology 15, n. 2 (30 agosto 2012): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02852.x.

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41

Dias, André T. C., Eveline J. Krab, Janine Mariën, Martin Zimmer, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Jacintha Ellers, David A. Wardle e Matty P. Berg. "Traits underpinning desiccation resistance explain distribution patterns of terrestrial isopods". Oecologia 172, n. 3 (7 dicembre 2012): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2541-3.

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42

Wang, Daixin, e Shaoyong Lai. "Wealth Distribution Involving Psychological Traits and Non-Maxwellian Collision Kernel". Entropy 27, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2025): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010064.

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A kinetic exchange model is developed to investigate wealth distribution in a market. The model incorporates a value function that captures the agents’ psychological traits, governing their wealth allocation based on behavioral responses to perceived potential losses and returns. To account for the impact of transaction frequency on wealth dynamics, a non-Maxwellian collision kernel is introduced. Applying quasi-invariant limits and Boltzmann-type equations, a Fokker–Planck equation is derived. We obtain an entropy explicit stationary solution that exhibits exponential convergence to a lognormal wealth distribution. Numerical experiments support the theoretical insights and highlight the model’s significance in understanding wealth distribution.
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43

Duan, Yu, Tengyun Ye, Daiquan Ye e Jian Zhou. "Seed Distribution and Phenotypic Variation in Different Layers of a Cunninghamia Lanceolata Seed Orchard". Forests 14, n. 2 (28 gennaio 2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020240.

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The phenotypic characteristics of forest seeds are the basis of germplasm innovation, genetic improvement, and biological research, and they also are the reference for the development of seed orchards. In this study, we analyzed seed quantity characteristics, phenotypic differentiation, and variation patterns in three seed-bearing clones from different crown layers of the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) orchard located in Fujian Province, China. We divided the clones into six layers according to crown height and the sunny and shady sides, 14 phenotypic characteristics, and five quality indexes, and we measured the germination rate of seeds. The rate of seeds filled with tannin-like substance in the upper sunny layer was low, but it was high in the lower shady layer. The germination rate was highest in the upper sunny layer and lower in the middle and lower shady sides. Values of most of the 14 phenotypic traits tested differed significantly among clones and layers. The average value of the phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 81.16%, indicating that variation among clones explained most of the total phenotypic variation. The repeatability of the 14 phenotypic traits was high (R > 0.80), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The phenotypic characteristics of cones and seeds varied from 6.86% to 129.51%. The 14 phenotypic traits exhibited different degrees of correlation, and seed weight, seed circumference, seed width, and seed area can be used to predict other seed traits. However, the correlations between cone traits were not strong. Our results show that when establishing a dwarfing Chinese fir seed orchard, the distribution and variation of seeds in different crown layers of clones should be considered, and clones with more cones in the lower crown layer should be selected as parents.
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44

Adams, Donovan, Victoria M. Swenson e G. Richard Scott. "Global Distribution of Marginal Accessory Tubercles of the Maxillary Premolars". Dental Anthropology Journal 32, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v32i1.29.

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The present study assesses the global distribution of marginal accessory tubercles of the maxillary premolars. This trait, despite constituting one of the variables standardized by Turner and colleagues (1991), has received little attention in morphological studies. Frequencies were calculated from data sheets collected by Christy G. Turner II for mesial, distal, and mesial + distal grades. Different geographic patterns were identified for both types of expression on the upper premolars. The patterned geographic distribution of these traits indicates their utility in biodistance investigations. In addition, the distinction between mesial and distal accessory tubercles specified by Scott and Irish (2017) is recommended, as these two traits exhibit different geographic patterns.
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45

Yang, Da, Ai-Ying Wang, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Corey J. A. Bradshaw e Guang-You Hao. "Variation in Stem Xylem Traits is Related to Differentiation of Upper Limits of Tree Species along an Elevational Gradient". Forests 11, n. 3 (20 marzo 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030349.

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The distribution limits of many plants are dictated by environmental conditions and species’ functional traits. While many studies have evaluated how plant distribution is driven by environmental conditions, there are not many studies investigating xylem vessel properties with altitude, and whether these traits correlate with altitudinal distribution of tree. Here, we investigated the upper limits of distribution for ten deciduous broadleaf tree species from three temperate montane forest communities along a large elevational gradient on the north-facing slope of Changbai Mountain in Northeast China. We measured stem xylem traits associated with a species’ ability to transport water and resist freezing-induced cavitation that theoretically represent important adaptations to changes in climatic conditions along the elevational gradient. Hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (Dh) was negatively correlated with with the upper limit across the ten studied tree species; however, the correlation seems to be driven by the large differences between ring- and diffuse-porous tree species groups. The ring-porous tree species (e.g., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Maackia amurensis Rupr. et Maxim., and Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) had considerably wider vessels than the diffuse-porous species and were all limited to low-elevation communities. The coefficient of variation (CV) for Dh was 0.53 among the 10 studied species, while the intraspecific analysis showed that the highest CV was only 0.22 among the 10 species. We found no evidence of a relationship between Dh and the upper limits across the seven diffuse-porous species. In contrast to elevation, hydraulic-related xylem traits had no clear patterns of change with precipitation, indicating that hydraulic functionality was largely decoupled from the influences of precipitation in the study area. This finding suggests that xylem traits are associated with altitudinal limits of species distribution, which is mostly evidenced by the contrasts between ring- and diffuse-porous species in xylem anatomy and their altitudinal distributions.
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46

Dutta, Prantik, e Afeedh Roshan. "Bell Shaped Lift Distribution, Aerodynamic Soaring and Control Surface Dynamics of Birds". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 8 (31 agosto 2022): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46134.

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Abstract: The optimal aerodynamic traits of the natural flyers have always been a foundation for the designing of bionic drones. In this paper, the aerodynamic soaring capabilities of the albatross and eagle are discussed in detail along with the eagle’s control surface aerodynamics. The bell shaped lift distribution characteristics exhibited by the albatross are also discussed along with its subsequent sub traits such as proverse yaw, wing-tip vortices and so on. The main soaring dynamics discussed are the dynamic soaring exhibited by the albatross and the utilization of thermal updrafts for thermal soaring by the eagle. Apart from these, the different control surfaces and their actuations along with wing morphing techniques are also highlighted. A proper and near perfect manifestation of the traits of natural flyers could be a harbinger to near perpetual modern aircrafts. Aerodynamics and propulsion system are the areas of research that are of concern in this manuscript.
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47

Sudharmawan, A. A. K., I. G. P. M. Aryana, Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini e Sofian Aji Purnama. "Genetic Diversity of Red Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Population M2 Results of G16 Rice Genotype Mutations with 200gy and 300gy Gamma Ray Iradiation". Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, n. 4 (9 dicembre 2022): 1340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4425.

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Mutational breeding can be used to obtain superior varieties by improving some of the desired traits, without changing most of the good traits. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of brown rice through segregation of traits in rice mutants due to gamma ray irradiation at doses of 200 gy and 300 gy. The method used is an experimental method carried out from May to September 2021 with a single plant. The distribution of the data was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test using software and the segregation ratio suitability test using the Chi-Square method with a 5% significance level. The results showed that the data distribution was normally distributed, meaning that it was controlled by many genes (polygenic). on the quantitative trait whose data distribution is not normally distributed, it indicates that the trait is controlled by simplegenic. The results of the Mendel's ratio suitability test using Chi-Square for quantitative traits that follow the Mendelian ratio, which shows a segregation ratio of 9: 7 (double recessive epistasis) where the same phenotype is produced by both homozygous recessive genotypes and two recessive genes are epistatic to the dominant allele. For traits that do not follow the Mendelian ratio or their modifications, it is assumed that they are controlled by many genes (minor genes) so that individual effects are difficult to distinguish.
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48

LAKE, MARK W., e ENRICO R. CREMA. "THE CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE-TRAIT DIVERSITY WHEN RESOURCES ARE UNCERTAIN AND FINITE". Advances in Complex Systems 15, n. 01n02 (marzo 2012): 1150013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525911003323.

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In this paper, we seek to build on existing mathematical studies of cultural change by exploring how the diversity of adaptive cultural traits evolves by innovation and cultural transmission when the payoff from adopting traits is both uncertain and frequency dependent. The model is particularly aimed at understanding the evolution of subsistence trait diversity, since the payoff from exploiting particular resources is often variable and subject to diminishing returns as a result of overexploitation. We find that traits that exploit the same shared resource evolve most quickly when intermediate rates of cultural transmission promote fluctuation in trait diversity. Higher rates of cultural transmission, which promote predominantly low diversity, and lower rates, which promote predominantly high diversity, both retard the adoption of traits offering higher payoff. We also find that the distribution of traits that exploit independent resources can evolve towards the theoretical Ideal Free Distribution so long as the rate of cultural transmission is low. Increasing the rate of cultural transmission reduces trait diversity, so that a more limited number of "niches" are occupied at any given time.
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49

Dare, Joseph, Thomas Adenowo e Ibrahim Wada. "Digital Dermatoglyphics Distribution in Fertile and Infertile Women". Collegium antropologicum 46, n. 2 (2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.46.2.2.

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The study aimed at examining differences in digital dermatoglyphics distribution between fertile and infertile women in Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 222 women with 53 clinical cases of primary infertility were included in this study. Dermatoglyphic patterns of the distal phalanges were obtained for further analyses of quantitative and qualitative traits. The results showed a lower incidence of loop patterns (55%), and a higher incidence of arches (7%) and whorls (29%) in infertile women than in fertile ones. Infertile women showed a unique and specific digital pattern distribution on each of the fingers on the right and left hand. A significant decrease in ridge count (RC), total finger ridge count (TFRC) and absolute finger ridge count (AFRC) was observed in the infertile patients (p&lt;0.05) in relation to fertile women. 2D:4D index in infertile and fertile women was 0.95 and 0.85 respectively. The observed differences in the digital traits could provide a useful bio-indicator for genetic counselling among reproductive age women.
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50

Ling, Ashley, e Romdhane Rekaya. "PSVIII-26 Gene editing of complex traits". Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (dicembre 2019): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.529.

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Abstract Gene editing (GE) is a form of genetic engineering in which DNA is removed, inserted or replaced. For simple monogenic traits, the technology has been successfully implemented to create heritable modifications in animals and plants. The benefits of these niche applications are undeniable. For quantitative traits the benefits of GE are hard to quantify mainly because these traits are not genetic enough (low to moderate heritability) and their genetic architecture is often complex. Because its impact on the gene pool through the introduction of heritable modifications, the potential gain from GE must be evaluated within reasonable production parameters and in comparison, with available tools used in animal selection. A simulation was performed to compare GE with genomic selection (GS) and QTN-assisted selection (QAS) under four experimental factors: 1) heritability (0.1 or 0.4), 2) number of QTN affecting the trait (1000 or 10000) and their effect distribution (Gamma or uniform); 3) Percentage of selected females (100% or 33%); and 4) fixed or variable number of edited QTNs. Three models GS (M1), GS and GE (M2), and GS and QAS (M3) were implemented and compared. When the QTN effects were sampled from a Gamma distribution, all females were selected, and non-segregating QTNs were replaced, M2 clearly outperformed M1 and M3, with superiority ranging from 19 to 61%. Under the same scenario, M3 was 7 to 23% superior to M1. As the complexity of the genetic model increased (10000 QTN; uniform distribution), only one third of the females were selected, and the number of edited QTNs was fixed, the superiority of M2 was significantly reduced. In fact, M2 was only slightly better than M3 (2 to 6%). In all cases, M2 and M3 were better than M1. These results indicate that under realistic scenarios, GE for complex traits might have only limited advantages.
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