Articoli di riviste: "Distributed recycling"

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Kreiger, M., G. C. Anzalone, M. L. Mulder, A. Glover e J. M. Pearce. "Distributed Recycling of Post-Consumer Plastic Waste in Rural Areas". MRS Proceedings 1492 (2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.258.

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ABSTRACTAlthough the environmental benefits of recycling plastics are well established and most geographic locations within the U.S. offer some plastic recycling, recycling rates are often low. Low recycling rates are often observed in conventional centralized recycling plants due to the challenge of collection and transportation for high-volume low-weight polymers. The recycling rates decline further when low population density, rural and relatively isolated communities are investigated because of the distance to recycling centers makes recycling difficult and both economically and energetically inefficient. The recent development of a class of open source hardware tools (e.g. RecycleBots) able to convert post-consumer plastic waste to polymer filament for 3-D printing offer a means to increase recycling rates by enabling distributed recycling. In addition, to reducing the amount of plastic disposed of in landfills, distributed recycling may also provide low-income families a means to supplement their income with domestic production of small plastic goods. This study investigates the environmental impacts of polymer recycling. A life-cycle analysis (LCA) for centralized plastic recycling is compared to the implementation of distributed recycling in rural areas. Environmental impact of both recycling scenarios is quantified in terms of energy use per unit mass of recycled plastic. A sensitivity analysis is used to determine the environmental impacts of both systems as a function of distance to recycling centers. The results of this LCA study indicate that distributed recycling of HDPE for rural regions is energetically favorable to either using virgin resin or conventional recycling processes. This study indicates that the technical progress in solar photovoltaic devices, open-source 3-D printing and polymer filament extrusion have made distributed polymer recycling and upcycling technically viable.

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Xiao, Y., e M. A. Reuter. "Recycling of distributed aluminium turning scrap". Minerals Engineering 15, n. 11 (novembre 2002): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(02)00137-1.

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Ng‐Molina, Francisco Y., Teresa M. Martín‐Guerrero e Carlos Camacho‐Peñalosa. "Power recycling concept applied to distributed amplification". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 7, n. 15 (dicembre 2013): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2013.0160.

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Kassab, Ali, Dawood Al Nabhani, Pravansu Mohanty, Christopher Pannier e Georges Y. Ayoub. "Advancing Plastic Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities in the Integration of 3D Printing and Distributed Recycling for a Circular Economy". Polymers 15, n. 19 (25 settembre 2023): 3881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193881.

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The concept of the circular economy has emerged as a promising solution to address the mounting concerns surrounding plastic waste and the urgent need for sustainable resource management. While conventional centralized recycling remains a common practice for plastic waste, centralized facilities may prove inadequate in handling the ever-increasing volumes of plastic waste generated globally. Consequently, exploring alternative recycling methods, such as distributed recycling by additive manufacturing, becomes paramount. This innovative approach encompasses actively involving communities in recycling practices and promotes a circular economy. This comprehensive review paper aims to explore the critical aspects necessary to realize the potential of distributed recycling by additive manufacturing. In this paper, our focus lies on proposing schemes that leverage existing literature to harness the potential of distributed recycling by additive manufacturing as an effective approach to plastic waste management. We explore the intricacies of the recycling process, optimize 3D printing parameters, address potential challenges, and evaluate the mechanical properties of recycled materials. Our investigation draws heavily from the literature of the last five years, as we conduct a thorough critical assessment of DRAM implementation and its influence on the properties of 3D printing structures. Through comprehensive analysis, we reveal the potential of recycled materials in delivering functional components, with insights into their performance, strengths, and weaknesses. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for those interested in embracing distributed recycling by additive manufacturing as a transformative approach to plastic recycling. By fostering community engagement, optimizing 3D printing processes, and incorporating suitable additives, it is possible to collectively contribute to a more sustainable future while combatting the plastic waste crisis. As progress is made, it becomes essential to further delve into the complexities of material behavior, recycling techniques, and the long-term durability of recycled 3D printed components. By addressing these challenges head-on, it is feasible to refine and advance distributed recycling by additive manufacturing as a viable pathway to minimize plastic waste, fostering a circular economy and cultivating a cleaner planet for generations to come.

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Baechler, Christian, Matthew DeVuono e Joshua M. Pearce. "Distributed recycling of waste polymer into RepRap feedstock". Rapid Prototyping Journal 19, n. 2 (1 marzo 2013): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552541311302978.

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PurposeA low‐cost, open source, self‐replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) has been developed, which greatly expands the potential user base of rapid prototypers. The operating cost of the RepRap can be further reduced using waste polymers as feedstock. Centralized recycling of polymers is often uneconomic and energy intensive due to transportation embodied energy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a proof of concept for high‐value recycling of waste polymers at distributed creation sites.Design/methodology/approachPrevious designs of waste plastic extruders (also known as RecycleBots) were evaluated using a weighted evaluation matrix. An updated design was completed and the description and analysis of the design is presented including component summary, testing procedures, a basic life cycle analysis and extrusion results. The filament was tested for consistency of density and diameter while quantifying electricity consumption.FindingsFilament was successfully extruded at an average rate of 90 mm/min and used to print parts. The filament averaged 2.805 mm diameter with 87 per cent of samples between 2.540 mm and 3.081 mm. The average mass was 0.564 g/100 mm length. Energy use was 0.06 kWh/m.Practical implicationsThe success of the RecycleBot further reduces RepRap operating costs, which enables distributed in‐home, value added, plastic recycling. This has implications for municipal waste management programs, as in‐home recycling could reduce cost and greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste collection and transportation, as well as the environmental impact of manufacturing custom plastic parts.Originality/valueThis paper reports on the first technical evaluation of a feedstock filament for the RepRap from waste plastic material made in a distributed recycling device.

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Ziouzios, Dimitris, Dimitris Tsiktsiris, Nikolaos Baras e Minas Dasygenis. "A Distributed Architecture for Smart Recycling Using Machine Learning". Future Internet 12, n. 9 (24 agosto 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12090141.

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Recycling is vital for a sustainable and clean environment. Developed and developing countries are both facing the problem of solid management waste and recycling issues. Waste classification is a good solution to separate the waste from the recycle materials. In this work, we propose a cloud based classification algorithm for automated machines in recycling factories using machine learning. We trained an efficient MobileNet model, able to classify five different types of waste. The inference can be performed in real-time on a cloud server. Various techniques are described and used in order to improve the classification accuracy, such as data augmentation and hyper-parameter tuning. Multiple industrial stations are supported and interconnected via custom data transmission protocols, along with security features. Experimental results indicated that our solution can achieve excellent performance with 96.57% accuracy utilizing a cloud server.

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Huang, You Heng, e Qi Hong Wei. "Distribution Mode of Urban Renewable Resources Recycling Based on the Internet". Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (dicembre 2012): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1636.

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The widely use of the Internet has greatly expanded the materials supply channels of the renewable resources. Online recycling has become an important way of the renewable resources in China. . The distribution mode of urban renewable resources recycling based on the Internet and also its associated conditions was put forward after comparing the distributed transaction mode of the renewable resources between the traditional recycling and online recycling.

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Dertinger, Samantha C., Nicole Gallup, Nagendra G. Tanikella, Marzio Grasso, Samireh Vahid, Peter J. S. Foot e Joshua M. Pearce. "Technical pathways for distributed recycling of polymer composites for distributed manufacturing: Windshield wiper blades". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 157 (giugno 2020): 104810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104810.

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Little, Helen A., Nagendra G. Tanikella, Matthew J. Reich, Matthew J. Fiedler, Samantha L. Snabes e Joshua M. Pearce. "Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks". Materials 13, n. 19 (25 settembre 2020): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194273.

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This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a Distributed Recycling for Additive Manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, for the first time, rPET water bottle flake is processed using only an open source toolchain with Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF) or Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) processing rather than first converting it to filament. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting, and heating (and their sequential combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then 3D printing tests were performed on the rPET flake with two different feed systems: an external feeder and feed tube augmented with a motorized auger screw, and an extruder-mounted hopper that enables direct 3D printing. Two Gigabot X machines were used, each with the different feed systems, and one without and the latter with extended part cooling. 3D print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization, and both systems were shown to 3D print rPET directly from shredded water bottles. Mechanical testing showed the importance of isolating rPET from moisture and that geometry was important for uniform extrusion. The mechanical strength of 3D-printed parts with FPF and inconsistent flow is lower than optimized fused filament, but adequate for a wide range of applications. Future work is needed to improve consistency and enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.

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Sadowski, Przemysław. "Quantum distance-based classifier with distributed knowledge and state recycling". International Journal of Quantum Information 16, n. 08 (dicembre 2018): 1840013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918400130.

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In this work, we examine a recently proposed distance-based classification method designed for near-term quantum processing units with limited resources. We study possibilities to reduce the quantum resources without any efficiency decrease. We show that only a part of the information undergoes coherent evolution and this fact allows us to introduce an algorithm with significantly reduced quantum system size requirements. Additionally, considering only partial information at a time, we propose a classification protocol with information distributed among a number of agents. Finally, we show that the information evolution during a measurement can lead to a better solution and that the accuracy of the algorithm can be improved by harnessing the state after the final measurement.

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Hunt, Emily J., Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone e Joshua M. Pearce. "Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 97 (aprile 2015): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004.

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Hopkins, C. R., A. Gibson, M. Shipman, D. K. Strickland e I. S. Trowbridge. "In migrating fibroblasts, recycling receptors are concentrated in narrow tubules in the pericentriolar area, and then routed to the plasma membrane of the leading lamella." Journal of Cell Biology 125, n. 6 (15 giugno 1994): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.125.6.1265.

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By following the intracellular processing of recycling transferrin receptors and the selective sorting of a-2 macroglobulin in chick embryo fibroblasts, we have shown that the concentration of 60 nm diam tubules which surrounds the centrioles represents a distal compartment on the recycling pathway. In migrating cells transferrin receptor tracers can be loaded into this compartment and then chased to the cell surface. When they emerge the recycling transferrin receptors are distributed over the surface of the leading lamella.

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Zhou, Ling Yun, e Qing Zhang. "Research on the Recycling Logistics Network Design of Renewable Resources in China". Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (ottobre 2012): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.992.

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The construction of efficient renewable resource recycling network is the premise of utilizing the enormous renewable resources in city and rural areas. According to the characteristics of renewable resources and the actual recycling conditions in China, the main influence factors of renewable resource recycling logistics network were analyzed Moreover, the guiding principles and general ideas of the construction of renewable resource recycle logistics network were analyzed, and its framework and operation measures were elaborately designed for government management departments and renewable resource machining enterprises to improve the ability of distributed processing of recycling and promote a healthy and orderly development of renewable resource industry.

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Ravindran, Arvind, Sean Scsavnicki, Walker Nelson, Peter Gorecki, Jacob Franz, Shane Oberloier, Theresa K. Meyer, Andrew R. Barnard e Joshua M. Pearce. "Open Source Waste Plastic Granulator". Technologies 7, n. 4 (14 ottobre 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7040074.

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In order to accelerate deployment of distributed recycling by providing low-cost feed stocks of granulated post-consumer waste plastic, this study analyzes an open source waste plastic granulator system. It is designed, built, and tested for its ability to convert post-consumer waste, 3D printed products and waste into polymer feedstock for recyclebots of fused particle/granule printers. The technical specifications of the device are quantified in terms of power consumption (380 to 404 W for PET and PLA, respectively) and particle size distribution. The open source device can be fabricated for less than $2000 USD in materials. The experimentally measured power use is only a minor contribution to the overall embodied energy of distributed recycling of waste plastic. The resultant plastic particle size distributions were found to be appropriate for use in both recyclebots and direct material extrusion 3D printers. Simple retrofits are shown to reduce sound levels during operation by 4dB-5dB for the vacuum. These results indicate that the open source waste plastic granulator is an appropriate technology for community, library, maker space, fab lab, or small business–based distributed recycling.

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Lafourcade, Céline, Jean-Marc Galan e Matthias Peter. "Opposite Roles of the F-Box Protein Rcy1p and the GTPase-Activating Protein Gyp2p During Recycling of Internalized Proteins in Yeast". Genetics 164, n. 2 (1 giugno 2003): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.2.469.

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Abstract The F-box protein Rcy1p is part of a non-SCF (Skp1p-cullin-F-box protein) complex involved in recycling of internalized material. Like rcy1Δ, cells lacking the Rab-GTPase Ypt6p or its heterodimeric GEFs Rgp1p and Ric1p are unable to recycle the v-SNARE Snc1p. Here we provide genetic evidence suggesting that Rcy1p is a positive regulator of Ypt6p. Deletion of the GAP Gyp2p restores recycling in rcy1Δ, while overexpression of an active form of Ypt6p partially suppresses the recycling defect of rcy1Δ cells. Conversely, overexpression of Gyp2p in wild-type cells interferes with recycling of GFP-Snc1p, and the cells accumulate membrane structures as evidenced by electron microscopy. Gyp2p-GFP is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and accumulates in punctate structures, which concentrate in an actin-dependent manner at sites of polarized growth. Taken together, our results suggest that the F-box protein Rcy1p may activate the Ypt6p GTPase module during recycling.

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Hara, Yuji, Takashi Furutani, Akinobu Murakami, Armando M. Palijon e Makoto Yokohari. "Current organic waste recycling and the potential for local recycling through urban agriculture in Metro Manila". Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 29, n. 11 (15 ottobre 2010): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x10386638.

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Using the solid waste management programmes of three barangays (the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines) in Quezon City, Metro Manila, as a case study, this research aimed to further the development of efficient organic waste recycling systems through the promotion of urban agricultural activities on green and vacant spaces. First, the quantity of organic waste and compost produced through ongoing barangay projects was measured. The amount of compost that could potentially be utilized on farmland and vacant land within the barangays was then identified to determine the possibility of a local recycling system. The results indicate that, at present, securing buyers for compost is difficult and, therefore, most compost is distributed to large neighbouring farm villages. However, the present analysis of potential compost use within the barangay demonstrates that a more local compost recycling system is indeed feasible.

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Tang, Jialu, Natrina M. P. Toyong e Norazmi Shahlal. "Service Requirement Analysis of Community Scrap Recycling Platform Based on Kano Model". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 9, n. 5 (28 maggio 2024): e002828. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v9i5.2828.

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This study examines community scrap recycling platforms as an important tool for promoting sustainable development. Focusing on the i-City community in Malaysia, the investigation used user journey mapping, desktop research, questionnaires, and affinity diagrams to collect and then categorize residents' needs, designed and distributed Kano questionnaires, analysed and counted the attribute categories of each need, and calculated the sensitivity of each need through a Better-worse four quadrant scatter diagram. A detailed requirements analysis report was ultimately developed to provide insights into the service design of the community scrap recycling platform and to help guide future improvements and innovations to better meet user expectations and promote the sustainable development of the community scrap recycling business.

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Narayanan, Sandeep, Mohammad Shikh-Bahaei, Jiancao Hou e Mark F. Flanagan. "Wireless-Powered Distributed Spatial Modulation With Energy Recycling and Finite-Energy Storage". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, n. 10 (ottobre 2018): 6645–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2861870.

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Dasgupta, Probal. "Linguistic recycling and the open community". Language Problems and Language Planning 25, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2001): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.25.3.06das.

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When an international community uses a WDL (widely distributed language) such as English or French, words in this WDL globally perform a recycling function that bridges the gaps between the spatially restricted versions of such a WDL. At one level of access, we can study this recycling particularly clearly in a language such as Esperanto, whose speech community has a strong global norm and much weaker local norms, unlike English or French. The present note empirically examines the issue in the strategically convenient context of domestic Esperanto use, working from a recent compilation by Lindstedt et al. But a deeper version of the problem of recycling merits analysis in general linguistics, a point developed in the conceptual parts of this note. The author argues that word-meaning recycling reflects the same fundamental principles as sentential recursion, and that a linguistics theoretically sensitive to these principles strengthens practical efforts towards the social goal of an open speech community.

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Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, Lazaros Tzounis, Sotirios A. Grammatikos, Emmanouil Porfyrakis, Athena Maniadi e Nikolaos Mountakis. "Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes". Materials 14, n. 5 (2 marzo 2021): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051162.

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The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling.

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Estelita, Sérgio, Guilherme Janson, Kelly Chiqueto e Eduardo Silveira Ferreira. "Effect of Recycling Protocol on Mechanical Strength of Used Mini-Implants". International Journal of Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/424923.

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Purpose. This study evaluated the influence of recycling process on the torsional strength of mini-implants.Materials and Methods. Two hundred mini-implants were divided into 4 groups with 50 screws equally distributed in five diameters (1.3 to 1.7 mm): control group (CG): unused mini-implants, G1: mini-implants inserted in pig iliac bone and removed, G2: same protocol of group 1 followed by sonication for cleaning and autoclave sterilization, and G3: same insertion protocol of group 1 followed by sonication for cleaning before and after sandblasting (Al2O3-90 µ) and autoclave sterilization. G2 and G3 mini-implants were weighed after recycling process to evaluate weight loss (W). All the screws were broken to determine the fracture torque (FT). The influence of recycling process on FT and W was evaluated by ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and multiple linear regression analysis.Results. FT was not influenced by recycling protocols even when sandblasting was added. Sandblasting caused weight loss due to abrasive mechanical stripping of screw surface. Screw diameter was the only variable that affected FT.Conclusions. Torsional strengths of screws that underwent the recycling protocols were not changed. Thus, screw diameter choice can be a more critical step to avoid screw fracture than recycling decision.

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Moqbel, Shadi, Rund Abu-Zurayk, Ayat Bozeya, Raed Alsisan e Abeer Al Bawab. "Assessment of sustainable recycling at The University of Jordan". International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 21, n. 6 (16 luglio 2020): 1111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-11-2019-0334.

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Purpose This study sought to assess the process of initiating a sustainable recycling program at the University of Jordan. It illustrates the potentials of recycling, perceived awareness of recycling by the students and staff, as well as challenges to a sustainable waste recycling program. This study aims to identify the barriers and challenges that face a sustainable waste recycling program at the University of Jordan. Design/methodology/approach The study consisted of investigating waste recycling potential on campus, inspecting general environmental awareness toward recycling and running an experimental recycling study on part of the campus. A waste characterization study was conducted to assess the current waste status and recycling extent. A questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain information on the students’ and staffs’ awareness of waste recycling and management on campus. In the experimental recycling study, seventy units of waste segregation bins were distributed on campus. The recycling efficiency was evaluated at two schools; the School of Engineering and the School of Medicine. The administrative support and collaboration while running the recycling program were also observed. Findings Overall, waste recycling at the University of Jordan has an appreciable opportunity and potential. A substantial amount of waste can be diverted from going to the landfill. Data showed general positive recycling rates except for plastic. Also, the recycling rates show great potential for enhancing. The recycling at the University of Jordan faces several barriers and obstacles. The greatest barrier was identified as the lack of cooperation of the administrative system on campus. The administrative support for the recycling program was strong only at the initiation of the recycling program. Administrative support has a vital influence on the recycling program. It has the potential of boosting it or bringing it to halt. Future studies should focus on investigating recycling efficiency for the entire campus and focus more on increasing pro-environmental behavior among students and staff in higher education institutions. Originality/value The value of this research lies in it being conducted in a large campus university in a developing country. Also, the study used a diagnostic approach that is based on evaluating an environmental sustainability program as it evolves inside a higher education institution. The study illustrates the challenges that face universities in developing countries while adopting green campus initiatives.

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Passas, Xenophontas, Roido Mitoula, Eleni Theodoropoulou e Eleni Sardianou. "The Green Management of Paper of the Third Age in the Region of Attica. Case Study: The Municipalities of Egaleo and Chaidari". World Journal of Social Science Research 6, n. 3 (14 agosto 2019): p335. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v6n3p335.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the determinant factors of recycling and in particular of paper recycling. The research focuses on paper recycling behavior on the part of the elderly in the Region of Attica. Primary research was based on the use of layered data. The survey data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to senior citizens in the municipalities of Egaleo and Chaidari. The questionnaire was distributed by hand in the region’s O.C.C. (Open Care Centers) for the Elderly Staff Members during the period from November 2017 until February 2018 (11/2017-02/2018). The final sample of the survey amounted to 375 participants. Multiple logistic regressions generate useful conclusions, such as whether participants recycle paper or not appear to be linked to the educational level of the elderly. In addition, through the logistic regressions, it appears that intention to recycle affects significantly the behaviour towards, recycling, and the perceived behavioural control as well. Furthermore, including social and demographic data, it appears that the educational level, monthly family income and residential status are factors that affect whether the participants are recycling paper or not.

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Saginova, Olga, Dmitry Zavyalov, Natalia Kireeva, Nadezhda Zavyalova e Yury Saginov. "Food-sharing in the distributed use economy". E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701016.

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Sustainable development values and concepts of responsible consumption, sharing, waste-free production and recycling are becoming more and more popular among organisations and consumers. Though food-sharing has not yet become as popular as car-sharing, it aims to solve important social food policy problems of decreasing food waste and redistributing food to support those in need. Basing on research literature, and publications in business media the paper presents the results of content analysis of materials from food-sharing platforms and websites in Russia. Authors compare foreign best practices, identify the main food-sharing models: exchange with monetary compensation, gratuitous transfer (charity), and food-sharing within the neighbouring community Problems and unresolved food-sharing issues are explained, such as lack of information about available options of food-sharing, low trust of consumers to the quality of food being shared and perception of using charitable food stock as something shameful. The paper maps possible directions for the development of food-sharing considering the existing international experience.

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Zhang, Xinyu. "Optimizing the location choice of reverse logistics recycling network for end-of-life photovoltaic modules based on the EPR principle". International Journal of Global Economics and Management 2, n. 3 (25 aprile 2024): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v2n3.06.

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With the rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry, the collection and recycling of end-of-life PV modules is facing a new challenge. Based on the EPR principle (Extended Producer Responsibility principle), this paper investigates the location choice of reverse logistics recycling network for end-of-life PV modules from the perspective of different stakeholders. In this study, a mixed integer programming (MILP) model is established to optimize the reverse logistics network of end-of-life PV modules with the objective of minimizing the total cost of the reverse logistics network, taking into account a four-tier recycling network system with customers going to the recycling centre, dismantling and processing centre, remanufacturing centre and waste disposal agency, and three recycling solutions are designed according to the EPR principle, and the optimal solution is found with the help of CPLEX software. Optimal solution, so as to determine the siting of facilities in the network and the distribution among each node. We take Zhejiang Province, one of the leading regions in China for promoting distributed PV applications, as the research object, and plan and design the recycling network of end-of-life PV modules in Zhejiang Province, determine the siting of the network as well as the distribution of the traffic to validate the validity of the MILP model, and provide opinions and references for the recycling problem of end-of-life modules in the future.

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Wu, Chia-Jung, Guan-Jhong Wang, Chyuan Hauer Kao, Zhong-Jie Yang, Hsiang Chen, Yung-Sen Lin, Chia-Feng Lin e Jung Han. "Photon-Recycling in Ultraviolet GaN-Based Photodiodes with Porous AlGaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors". ACS Applied Nano Materials 2, n. 8 (29 luglio 2019): 5044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b00973.

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Abdul Halim, Husna, Mohamed Zuhaili Mohamed Najib, Muzaffar Zainal Abideen, Hazlami Fikri Basri e Khalida Muda. "Study of Household Waste Management and Recycling Awareness Between Residential Areas in Kuala Nerang, Kedah, Malaysia". Industrial and Domestic Waste Management 2, n. 1 (24 maggio 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v2i1.70.

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This paper presents a study on household waste management and recycling awareness. Residential areas are the major sources of solid waste as that is where people live. The waste that is usually disposed of from residential areas includes food waste, plastic waste, paper, glass, tin, and others. The increasing trend in waste generated from homes has become a major concern. This study aimed to assess household waste management and recycling awareness in two residential areas located in Padang Terap District, Kuala Nerang, Kedah, Malaysia. Recently, Padang Terap district showed an increase in waste generated compared to another district, Kedah. An open-ended questionnaire was distributed to approximately 32 respondents, and an interview was conducted to study household waste management and recycling awareness in two residential areas—Taman Jati and Taman Pelangi. The research shows that household waste management to segregate the waste remains a problem, despite most respondents being aware of this issue through different media. Furthermore, the lack of household waste management and recycling programs and facilities by the local authorities caused residents to be reluctant to practice these activities.

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Jameer, Vaughn-Xavier, Ambika Mallian e Trina Halfhide. "Examining Solid Waste Practices and Littering at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus". Journal of Caribbean Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy 3, n. 1 (agosto 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33277/cesare/003.001/02.

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Littering is a rampant problem and rooted in human behaviour. This study aims to record, categorise, and examine spatial patterns between pieces of litter and trash and recycling bins across the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus. The geographic location of pieces of litter and bins (trash and recycling) were recorded and georeferenced to a campus base-map. A total of 10, 889 pieces of litter were recorded over the 7-day survey. The majority of litter was plastic (47.6%) and cigarettes (24.1%). The litter on campus was not evenly distributed. The kernel density estimation demonstrated that there was an obvious hotspot in the south-east of campus at the student activity centre (SAC), where there were more than 5 pieces of litter per sq. meter. The total of 182 bins was recorded and the mean distance between bins was 13.0 meters. Most of the bins were clustered in the southwest end of the hotspot, near the SAC. In addition, there were no recycling bins placed in this location. A recycling bin should be located in the SAC, as there are the most littering offenses, and recycling success with plastic items can be improved. Using a uniform colour for trash bins may increase proper solid waste disposal and reduce littering.

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Saari, Riduan, Siti Rohana Mohd Yatim, Ahmad Razali ishak, Farah Ayuni Shafie, Nadiah Wan Rasdi, Samsuri Abdullah, Muhammad Afiq Zaki e Siti Norasyikin Mohamad Saifuddin. "Knowledge, Attitude, And Challenges of High-Rise Building Community Towards Waste Segregation and Recycling Practice in Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1217, n. 1 (1 luglio 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1217/1/012023.

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Abstract The increasing population of modern cities contributes to the development of more residential high-rise buildings as well as waste management challenges. Recycling and waste separation can be a challenge in high rise apartment buildings due to the high volume of residents and limited space for waste management. Therefore, the objectives of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and challenges of high-rise building communities towards waste segregation and recycling. Using cross-sectional analysis, online questionnaires were distributed to target respondents in Sentul Kuala Lumpur. Data were collected from 375 residents of high-rise buildings. The results show that the high-rise community has modest knowledge (57%) and challenges (61%) to practice waste sorting and recycling, however, showed a good attitude (81%) towards it. Waste separation and recycling were influenced by sociodemographic factors of education (p = 0.05), ownership (p = 0.02), marital status (p = 0.01), and floor of living (p = 0.02). There is positive correlation between knowledge an attitude (r = 0.57, p = 0.26), but negative correlation between knowledge and challenges (r = - 0.25, p = 0.0001). The result also indicates that this community lack information and knowledge to practice waste sorting and recycling. Intervention is required to convey the information to these dwellers.

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Badraddin, Abdulmalek K., Rahimi A. Rahman, Saud Almutairi e Muneera Esa. "Main Challenges to Concrete Recycling in Practice". Sustainability 13, n. 19 (7 ottobre 2021): 11077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911077.

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While concrete recycling is crucial to protecting the environment, its implementation in practice is low in many countries. This study aims to highlight challenges to concrete recycling. To achieve that aim, the study objectives are (1) to identify the main challenges to concrete recycling in construction projects; (2) to compare the main challenges between small–medium enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises (LEs); and (3) to determine the underlying groups among the main challenges. Potential challenges were identified through a systematic literature review of journal articles and semi-structured interviews with fifteen industry practitioners. Then, the identified challenges were inserted into a questionnaire survey and distributed to industry practitioners. Eighty-nine valid responses were collected and analyzed using the mean score ranking, normalization, agreement analysis, and factor analysis techniques. The analyses show thirteen main challenges to concrete recycling. The main challenges include increased project duration, lack of national programs, lack of comprehensive rules and regulations, increased project cost, low demand for recycled concrete, low cost-effectiveness of concrete recycling, and increased transportation cost. However, there is no consensus on the criticality between SMEs and LEs. For example, increased project cost is the main challenge for SMEs but is only middlingly ranked for LEs. Finally, the main challenges can be categorized into three interrelated groups: people and technical, legal and environmental, and economic challenges. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing challenges that hinder concrete recycling in practice. The findings allow researchers and practitioners to develop strategies to reduce concrete recycling rejection.

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Mohammad Mohsin, Tasnim, Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri, Shahrom Md. Zain e Tiew Kian Ghee. "Effectiveness of Masjid Lestari Program on Recycling Practices among Bandar Baru Bangi and Semenyih Residents". Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, n. 5 (30 novembre 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(5)-11.

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The government of Malaysia has implemented various measures to reduce disposal of daily solid waste to landfills including recycling. Based on the issue, the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia took the initiative to organise “Program Masjid Lestari” targeting to enhance recycling practices among the community. The objectives of this study are to identify factors that influence the behaviour of recycling practices in the community and to assess the effectiveness of the awareness programme, “Program Masjid Lestari”. “Program Masjid Lestari” focused on recycling practices among Bandar Baru Bangi and Semenyih residents took place in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The study applies survey instrument and also weight of recyclable items collected during the program. The questionnaires were distributed to the residents who had attended the event at Section 3 and Section 4, Bandar Baru Bangi and also Bandar Rinching, Semenyih. The survey data was analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Based on the findings, the total recyclable items collected during the program were 800 kg in 2016 and 878 kg in 2017 for Bandar Rinching, Semenyih. Most of the respondents have good knowledge, awareness and attitude towards recycling. However, the involvement of community in recycling practices is still low due to lack of facilities, time and cost constraints. In general, awareness campaigns are able to increase community involvement to recycle. A good advertising and promotion, appropriate time, location and improvement of facilities are the important factors to ensure a successful awareness program that could make an impact on the recycling practice.

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Erdiaw-Kwasie, Michael Odei, Kofi Kusi Owusu-Ansah, Matthew Abunyewah, Khorshed Alam, Abebe Hailemariam, Patrick Arhin, Kerstin K. Zander e Jonatan Lassa. "Circular economy, environmental quality and tourism receipts in Europe: A time series data analysis". PLOS ONE 18, n. 11 (30 novembre 2023): e0288098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288098.

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The study examines how progress towards a circular economy (CE), patents related to recycling and secondary raw materials as a proxy for innovation, affect tourism receipts. The study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Method (ECM) to analyse time series data from EU countries from 2000 to 2020. Our estimates show that there exist long-run and short-run equilibrium relationships. In sum, evidence shows that promoting circular innovative practices, including recycling and using secondary raw materials in tourist destinations, could improve environmental quality and positively impact tourism receipts. The study concludes with policy and practical suggestions for circular economy innovation towards green tourism, destination management, and sustainable tourism.

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Yagi, Ryohei, e Toru H. Okabe. "Review: Rhenium and its smelting and recycling technologies". International Materials Reviews 69, n. 2 (marzo 2024): 142–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09506608241229042.

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Rhenium is utilized as an additive to improve the high-temperature strength and stability of materials, such as nickel-based superalloys, which are employed in jet engine turbine blades, alloys for ultrahigh-temperature thermocouples, and platinum catalysts, which are used in oil refining. Currently, around 80% of rhenium demand is for superalloy production, and this demand has been increasing with the increase in demand for aircrafts. The abundance of rhenium in the earth's crust is only 1 ppb (10−9), which is less than those of platinum and gold. Owing to the rare and unevenly distributed nature of rhenium, there is the risk of supply disruption and rapid increases in its price. In this article, the recent situation of rhenium and its compounds are reviewed, especially with respect to their demand, distribution characteristics, smelting, and recycling. Some of the technologies recently developed for smelting and recycling rhenium are also introduced.

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Beltrán, Freddys R., Marina P. Arrieta, Eduardo Moreno, Gerald Gaspar, Luisa M. Muneta, Ruth Carrasco-Gallego, Susana Yáñez, David Hidalgo-Carvajal, María U. de la Orden e Joaquín Martínez Urreaga. "Evaluation of the Technical Viability of Distributed Mechanical Recycling of PLA 3D Printing Wastes". Polymers 13, n. 8 (12 aprile 2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081247.

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3D printing PLA wastes were recovered from a well-known reference grade and from different sources. The recovered wastes were subjected to an energic washing step and then reprocessed into films by melt-extrusion, followed by compression molding to simulate the industrial processing conditions. The obtained materials were characterized and the optical, structural, thermal and crystallization behavior are reported. The mechanical recycling process leads to an increase of the crystallinity and a decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the formulations, particularly in the sample based on blends of different 3D-PLA wastes. Moreover, the obtained films were disintegrated under composting conditions in less than one month and it was observed that recycled materials degrade somewhat faster than the starting 3D-PLA filament, as a consequence of the presence of shorter polymer chains. Finally, to increase the molecular weight of the recycled materials, the 3D-PLA wastes were submitted to a solid-state polymerization process at 110, 120, and 130 °C, observing that the recycled 3D-wastes materials based on a well-known reference grade experiences an improvement of the intrinsic viscosity, while that coming from different sources showed no significant changes. Thus, the results show that 3D printing PLA products provides an ideal environment for the implementation of distributed recycling program, in which wastes coming from well-known PLA grades can successfully be processed in films with good overall performance.

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Sasmoko, Khalid Zaman, Maida Malik, Usama Awan, Wiwik Handayani, Mohd Khata Jabor e Muhammad Asif. "Environmental Effects of Bio-Waste Recycling on Industrial Circular Economy and Eco-Sustainability". Recycling 7, n. 4 (15 agosto 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7040060.

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Few prior studies have examined the social and environmental consequences of waste generation and recycling, resulting in a policy gap in the sustainability agenda. The research filled a knowledge vacuum in the literature by investigating the environmental repercussions of different waste generation and recycling processes in the Chinese economy. The study analyzed waste production and recycling statistics over the last 46 years, from 1975 to 2020, and their impact on the nation’s emissions per capita. This study used four primary approaches to determine the links between the examined variables, beginning with the unit root test, which identifies the stationary process of the variables’ underlying processes. Second, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to produce the variables’ short- and long-run estimates. Third, estimations of Granger causality examined the causal relationships between the variables. Finally, innovation accounting matrices (IAM)were utilized to predict the relationships between variables during the following decade. The unit root estimates imply the mix order of variable integration; hence, it is appropriate to employ ARDL modeling for parameter estimations. The ARDL estimations demonstrate that combustible renewables and waste decrease a nation’s carbon emissions by boosting industrial waste recycling. Despite recycling systems, carbon emissions have escalated to uncontrolled levels owing to the massive production of municipal solid garbage. Sustainable waste management and recycling are vital to reducing carbon emissions. Granger’s estimations of causation imply that combustible renewables and waste and carbon emissions cause industrial and municipal solid waste recycling. Additionally, population growth is responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, biowaste recycling, and industrial waste recycling. Furthermore, this shows the two-way connections between combustible renewables and waste and carbon emissions, implying the need to develop green waste recycling strategies in a nation. The IAM method identified future relationships between variables, which aids policymakers in implementing sustainable waste management practices for a nation. This study concludes that the environmental consequences of waste generation and recycling impede the nation’s circular economy agenda, which can be sustained by knowledge spillovers, chemical reduction in manufacturing, and allocating a certain amount of US dollars to ecological resource conservation.

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Hari Rao, V. Sree, e P. Raja Sekhara Rao. "Stability analysis of resource-consumer dynamic models". ANZIAM Journal 47, n. 3 (gennaio 2006): 413–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100009925.

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AbstractA nutrient-consumer model involving a distributed delay in material recycling and a discrete delay in growth response has been analysed. Various easily verifiable sets of sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium solution of the model equations have been obtained and the length of the delay in each case has been estimated.

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Tian, Baodan, Shouming Zhong, Ning Chen e Xianqing Liu. "Impulsive control strategy for a chemostat model with nutrient recycling and distributed time-delay". Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 37, n. 4 (4 giugno 2013): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.2807.

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MİÇOOĞULLARI, Seyit Ali, e Maya MOALLA. "Circular Economy, Solid Waste Recovery, and Growth: An Empirical Analysis for Sustainable Development in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic". Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 22, Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı (28 ottobre 2023): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.1354297.

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This article aims to examine the relationship between solid waste recycling and economic growth within the framework of the circular economy perspective in Turkiye. As Turkiye approaches its 100th anniversary of the Republic, achieving a sustainable and inclusive economic growth goal is of paramount importance. Solid waste recycling is now recognized as a process that not only reduces waste but also contributes positively to both economic growth and environmental preservation. In this context, the study utilizes quarterly data from 1994Q1 to 2020Q4 to comprehensively analyze the impact of solid waste recycling on the Turkish economy. The analyses were conducted using the Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lag (BARDL) methodology. The results confirm that solid waste recycling has a positive influence on economic growth in both the short and long terms. This underscores the essential role of solid waste recycling as a fundamental component of the circular economy, emphasizing its potential to contribute to Turkiye's sustainable growth goals. Additionally, the study offers policy recommendations based on these findings. These recommendations include accelerating the transition to a circular economy, investing in technological innovations and infrastructure enhancements, organizing awareness and education programs, fostering collaboration between the public and private sectors, adopting innovative financing approaches, and establishing comprehensive legal regulations. In conclusion, the findings and recommendations of this study can contribute to Turkiye's achievement of sustainable economic growth and development goals, particularly as it approaches the 100th anniversary of the Republic. Prioritizing solid waste recycling as part of the circular economy vision can help create a better living environment and a sustainable future for the upcoming generations.

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Baetz, Nicholas W., e James R. Goldenring. "Rab11-family interacting proteins define spatially and temporally distinct regions within the dynamic Rab11a-dependent recycling system". Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, n. 5 (marzo 2013): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-09-0659.

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The Rab11-family interacting proteins (Rab11-FIPs) facilitate Rab11-dependent vesicle recycling. We hypothesized that Rab11-FIPs define discrete subdomains and carry out temporally distinct roles within the recycling system. We used live-cell deconvolution microscopy of HeLa cells expressing chimeric fluorescent Rab11-FIPs to examine Rab11-FIP localization, transferrin passage through Rab11-FIP–containing compartments, and overlap among Rab11-FIPs within the recycling system. FIP1A, FIP2, and FIP5 occupy widely distributed mobile tubules and vesicles, whereas FIP1B, FIP1C, and FIP3 localize to perinuclear tubules. Internalized transferrin entered Rab11-FIP–containing compartments within 5 min, reaching maximum colocalization with FIP1B and FIP2 early in the time course, whereas localization with FIP1A, FIP1C, FIP3, and FIP5 was delayed until 10 min or later. Whereas direct interactions with FIP1A were only observed for FIP1B and FIP1C, FIP1A also associated with membranes containing FIP3. Live-cell dual-expression studies of Rab11-FIPs revealed the tubular dynamics of Rab11-FIP–containing compartments and demonstrated a series of selective associations among Rab11-FIPs in real time. These findings suggest that Rab11-FIP1 proteins participate in spatially and temporally distinct steps of the recycling process along a complex and dynamic tubular network in which Rab11-FIPs occupy discrete domains.

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Terai, Tomoya, Noriyuki Nishimura, Ikuno Kanda, Natsuo Yasui e Takuya Sasaki. "JRAB/MICAL-L2 Is a Junctional Rab13-binding Protein Mediating the Endocytic Recycling of Occludin". Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, n. 5 (maggio 2006): 2465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-09-0826.

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The dynamic turnover of tight junctions (TJs) is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and/or mesenchymal-epithelial transitions during epithelial morphogenesis. We previously demonstrated that Rab13 specifically mediates the endocytic recycling of occludin. Here, we identified MICAL-L2 (molecule interacting with CasL-like 2) as a novel Rab13-binding protein. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that MICAL-L2 specifically bound to the GTP-bound form of Rab13 via its C terminus, which contained a coiled-coil domain, and localized at TJs in epithelial MTD-1A cells. Recycling assay demonstrated that a MICAL-L2 mutant lacking the Rab13-binding domain (MICAL-L2-N) specifically inhibited the endocytic recycling of occludin but not transferrin receptor. Ca2+ switch assay further revealed that MICAL-L2-N as well as Rab13 Q67L inhibited the recruitment of occludin to the plasma membrane, the development of transepithelial electrical resistance, and the formation of a paracellular diffusion barrier. MICAL-L2 was displaced from TJs upon actin depolymerization and was distributed along radiating actin cables and stress fibers in Ca2+-depleted MTD-1A and fibroblastic NIH3T3 cells, respectively. These results suggest that MICAL-L2 mediates the endocytic recycling of occludin and the formation of functional TJs by linking Rab13 to actin cytoskeleton. We rename MICAL-L2 as JRAB (junctional Rab13-binding protein).

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Kamaruzaman, N. H. I., N. S. Abdul Halim, N. H. A. Malek e N. S. U. Idris. "Households awareness and practices on used cooking oil recycling in Felda Lepar Hilir 1, Pahang". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1102, n. 1 (1 novembre 2022): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1102/1/012073.

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Awareness on recycling used cooking oil still lacking in the communities. It can be seen by their improper disposal practices of used cooking oil. Environmental problem might happened and become worsen if no further corrective action is taken towards the improper disposal method. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to evaluate the communities’ awareness and their practices on the management of used cooking oil. A total of 214 respondents from Felda Lepar Hilir 1, Pahang community were chosen in this survey. Before the questionnaire were distributed to the respondent, the reliability test using Cronbach alpha was conducted to evaluate the consistency of the questionnaire. Based on the result, this study found that the average used cooking oil generated per household was 1.27kg/month. This study also revealed that there was no significant difference in awareness on recycling used cooking oil between male and female bases on the t-test analysis. Based on the correlation analysis, there were weak positive relationship between awareness and practices of the community on recycling used cooking oil. It means that the awareness of the community can affect their practices in recycling. Therefore, there is need to strengthen efforts in creating more awareness on appropriate management of used cooking oil.

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Shi, Yan, Shanshan Shao, Xuexi Yang, Da Wang, Bingrong Chen e Min Deng. "Metabolic Process Modeling of Metal Resources Based on System Dynamics—A Case Study for Steel in Mainland China". Sustainability 15, n. 13 (28 giugno 2023): 10249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310249.

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Rapid urbanization has promoted the development in human production and living standards, and the metabolic rhythm of metal resources has accelerated. Grasping the metabolic processes of metal resources and predicting their future development trends can help the country refine the formulation and adaptability of metal resource production and the recycling strategies for sustainable development. In this study, from the perspective of the entire life cycle of steel resources as an example, a system dynamics-based metal resource metabolism prediction model was established to predict the steel resources in the three stages, including production, in-use and end-of-life recycling. The trend in changes in steel resources production, in-use stock, end-of-life and recycling in mainland China from 1990 to 2020 were also analyzed. The results show that the volume of all stages of steel resource metabolism in mainland China from 1990 to 2020 has shown an increasing trend, and will reach a peak around 2040 and then remain stable. The steel resources in all the metabolism stages in mainland China were predominantly distributed in buildings. In mainland China, steel resource production efficiency reached above 0.9 and the steel resource outflow rate was 0.079, within which the domestic scrap rate reached 0.022 and the recycling rate reached above 0.8.

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Burke, S., L. Heathwaite, P. Quinn, S. Merrett, P. Whitehead, N. Preedy, D. Lerner e A. Saul. "Strategic management of non-point source pollution from sewage sludge". Water Science and Technology 47, n. 7-8 (1 aprile 2003): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0703.

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In the UK, the recycling of sewage sludge to land is expected to double by 2006 but the security of this route is threatened by environmental concerns and health scares. Strategic investment is needed to ensure sustainable and secure sludge recycling outlets. At present, the security of this landbank for sludge recycling is determined by legislation relating to nutrient rather than potentially toxic elements (PTEs) applications to land - especially the environmental risk linked to soil phosphorus (P) saturation. We believe that not all land has an equal risk of contributing nutrients derived from applications to land to receiving waters. We are currently investigating whether it is possible to minimise nutrient loss by applying sludge to land outside Critical Source Areas (CSAs) regardless of soil P Index status. Research is underway to develop a predictive and spatially-sensitive, semi-distributed model of critical thresholds for sludge application that goes beyond traditional “end-of-pipe” or “edge-of-field” modelling, to include hydrological flow paths and delivery mechanisms to receiving waters from non-point sources at the catchment scale.

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Julapong, Pongsiri, Apisit Numprasanthai, Ladda Tangwattananukul, Onchanok Juntarasakul, Palot Srichonphaisarn, Kosei Aikawa, Ilhwan Park, Mayumi Ito, Carlito Baltazar Tabelin e Theerayut Phengsaart. "Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Primary and Secondary Resources Using Flotation: A Systematic Review". Applied Sciences 13, n. 14 (19 luglio 2023): 8364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148364.

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Rare earth minerals (REMs) contain rare earth elements (REEs) that are important in modern technologies due to their unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties. However, REMs are not only non-renewable resources but also non-uniformly distributed on the Earth’s crust, so the processing of REE-bearing secondary resources via recycling is one potential route to ensure the long-term sustainability of REE supply. Flotation—a method that separates materials based on differences in their surface wettability—is a process applied for both mineral processing and recycling of REEs, especially when the particles are fine and/or a high-purity product is required. In this review, studies about rare earth flotation from 2012 to 2021 were systematically reviewed using the PRISMA guideline. It was found that most REM flotation research works focused on finding better collectors and depressants while, for recycling, studies on advanced flotation techniques like froth flotation, ion flotation, solvent sublation, electroflotation, and adsorbing colloid flotation with an emphasis on the recovery of dissolved REEs from aqueous solutions dominated.

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Hassani, K., D. Atlaoui e Y. Bouafia. "Punching of Concrete Slabs Reinforced by Recycling Waste". Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 14, n. 1 (1 maggio 2024): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2024-0011.

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Abstract This study aims to experimentally evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete slabs reinforced with two types of fibers: metallic fibers (MF) and grids based on polypropylene fibers (PPG). The metallic fibers, sourced from machining waste of steel parts, are randomly distributed in the concrete, while the polypropylene fibers are arranged in grids. The investigation includes punching tests conducted on slabs measuring [25x50x7] cm³, as well as compression tests on cylinders with a diameter of Ø16 cm and a height of H32 cm. Mechanical resistance and tearing characteristics of the fibers were also assessed. The concrete’s composition was determined using the experimental “Dreux-Gorisse” method. Five different metal fiber contents (MF) were studied (W=0.2%, W=0.4%, W=0.6%, W=0.8%, and W=1%), alongside a control concrete sample (BT) with no fibers (W=0%) having the same composition as the matrix. Two variants of grids based on small-mesh polypropylene fibers (PPG/SM) and large-mesh (PPG/LM) configurations were considered. The comparative analysis of the results highlights that, at a fiber content of W=0.8%, metallic fibers (MF) enhance both resistance and rigidity more effectively than polypropylene fibers in small meshes (PPG/SM) and large meshes (PPG/LM), thereby limiting the formation of puncturing cracks.

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Peeters, Bob, Nadine Kiratli e Janjaap Semeijn. "A barrier analysis for distributed recycling of 3D printing waste: Taking the maker movement perspective". Journal of Cleaner Production 241 (dicembre 2019): 118313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118313.

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Hubbard, Benjamin R., Lindsay I. Putman, Stephen Techtmann e Joshua M. Pearce. "Open Source Vacuum Oven Design for Low-Temperature Drying: Performance Evaluation for Recycled PET and Biomass". Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, n. 2 (20 maggio 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020052.

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Vacuum drying can dehydrate materials further than dry heat methods, while protecting sensitive materials from thermal degradation. Many industries have shifted to vacuum drying as cost- or time-saving measures. Small-scale vacuum drying, however, has been limited by the high costs of specialty scientific tools. To make vacuum drying more accessible, this study provides design and performance information for a small-scale open source vacuum oven, which can be fabricated from off-the-shelf and 3-D printed components. The oven is tested for drying speed and effectiveness on both waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and a consortium of bacteria developed for bioprocessing of terephthalate wastes to assist in distributed recycling of PET for both additive manufacturing as well as potential food. Both materials can be damaged when exposed to high temperatures, making vacuum drying a desirable solution. The results showed that the open source vacuum oven was effective at drying both plastic and biomaterials, drying at a higher rate than a hot-air dryer for small samples or for low volumes of water. The system can be constructed for less than 20% of commercial vacuum dryer costs for several laboratory-scale applications, including dehydration of bio-organisms, drying plastic for distributed recycling and additive manufacturing, and chemical processing.

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KOLBE, Karin. "Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding waste management options in Romania: results from a school questionnaire". Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 3, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v3i4.93.

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This study analyses knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in the area of different waste management approaches of pupils in Romania. Examining school students’ knowledge about waste management options and finding out the reasons that prevent them from participating in environmentally sound disposal options is essential for teachers and legislators. For this purpose, questionnaires were designed and distributed in two schools in Romania.The analysis revealed that knowledge is highly developed in Romania regarding the potential of recycling, while the concepts of waste management technologies are far less known about and understood. Landfill is seen as a problem for human health and the environment. However, recycling behaviour is low - partly as a result of limited possibilities. In general, the treatment hierarchy that is recommended in the "European waste hierarchy" is only partly reflected in students’ attitudes towards waste management options.

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Kasmuri, N., S. N. A. Razak, Z. Yaacob, M. F. Miskon, N. H. Ramli e N. Zaini. "Waste Segregation through Recycle and Composting Activities in Urban and Suburban Areas". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012059.

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Abstract The number of wastes generated in Malaysia is increasing every year. Eighty per cent of solid waste in landfills comes from recycled material, and food waste production has risen to around 15 000 tons per day. Recyclable waste and food waste are the highest waste produced in landfills. Recycling and food composting are two solutions that can reduce waste and slow down the rate of garbage received at the landfill. This research aims to determine the knowledge and awareness of waste segregation through recycling and composting. This paper also identifies the constraint of respondents on performing waste segregation. Here, an online questionnaire has been distributed to the community in urban and suburban areas in Selangor and Johor. A total of 125 respondents participated in this study. Analysis from the survey found no significant difference in the knowledge of waste segregation through recycling and composting between urban and suburban areas. It can be denoted that the respondents have a basic understanding of awareness on waste segregation, although only a few have not practised recycling due to several highlighted constraints. Therefore, some recommendation has been emphasized based on this finding, such as installing reverse vending machines (RVM), organizing campaigns, and providing more information on waste segregation. These suggestions have been the top choices to encourage waste segregation in the community. Moreover, further study needs to be extended to the household group in other states and assessing the effectiveness of RVM will elucidate the segregation behaviours among the community.

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Wang, Zhen Yu, Ze Sheng Ji, Hong Yu Xu e Tie Lei Zhang. "Coarsening Mechanism of Isothermal Heat Treatment for ADC14 Semi-Solid Alloy". Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (ottobre 2012): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.123.

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The strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) process is one form of the thixoforming for aluminum alloy. However, the non-uniform stress distribution restricts its application. In order to avoid this problem, a chip recycling strain-induced melt activation (CR-SIMA) process has been developed to prepare semi-solid billet. Microstructures of semi-solid ADC14 aluminum alloy billets heated to different temperatures and held for various times were investigated. The typical semi-solid microstructure with globular solid particles distributed in the liquid matrix is obtained in the temperature range of 560 and 565oC. The spheroidizing mechanism of ADC14 alloy prepared by the CR-SIMA process was studied. It was found that the severe deformation not only influences the solidification of spherical α-Al particles, but also affects the morphology of primary Si. The primary Si phases become tiny particles and distribute around the α-Al particles.

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