Articoli di riviste: "Distributed hypothesis testing"

1

Sreekumar, Sreejith, Asaf Cohen e Deniz Gündüz. "Privacy-Aware Distributed Hypothesis Testing". Entropy 22, n. 6 (16 giugno 2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060665.

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A distributed binary hypothesis testing (HT) problem involving two parties, a remote observer and a detector, is studied. The remote observer has access to a discrete memoryless source, and communicates its observations to the detector via a rate-limited noiseless channel. The detector observes another discrete memoryless source, and performs a binary hypothesis test on the joint distribution of its own observations with those of the observer. While the goal of the observer is to maximize the type II error exponent of the test for a given type I error probability constraint, it also wants to keep a private part of its observations as oblivious to the detector as possible. Considering both equivocation and average distortion under a causal disclosure assumption as possible measures of privacy, the trade-off between the communication rate from the observer to the detector, the type II error exponent, and privacy is studied. For the general HT problem, we establish single-letter inner bounds on both the rate-error exponent-equivocation and rate-error exponent-distortion trade-offs. Subsequently, single-letter characterizations for both trade-offs are obtained (i) for testing against conditional independence of the observer’s observations from those of the detector, given some additional side information at the detector; and (ii) when the communication rate constraint over the channel is zero. Finally, we show by providing a counter-example where the strong converse which holds for distributed HT without a privacy constraint does not hold when a privacy constraint is imposed. This implies that in general, the rate-error exponent-equivocation and rate-error exponent-distortion trade-offs are not independent of the type I error probability constraint.

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Salehkalaibar, Sadaf, e Michèle Wigger. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing over Noisy Broadcast Channels". Information 12, n. 7 (29 giugno 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070268.

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This paper studies binary hypothesis testing with a single sensor that communicates with two decision centers over a memoryless broadcast channel. The main focus lies on the tradeoff between the two type-II error exponents achievable at the two decision centers. In our proposed scheme, we can partially mitigate this tradeoff when the transmitter has a probability larger than 1/2 to distinguish the alternate hypotheses at the decision centers, i.e., the hypotheses under which the decision centers wish to maximize their error exponents. In the cases where these hypotheses cannot be distinguished at the transmitter (because both decision centers have the same alternative hypothesis or because the transmitter’s observations have the same marginal distribution under both hypotheses), our scheme shows an important tradeoff between the two exponents. The results in this paper thus reinforce the previous conclusions drawn for a setup where communication is over a common noiseless link. Compared to such a noiseless scenario, here, however, we observe that even when the transmitter can distinguish the two hypotheses, a small exponent tradeoff can persist, simply because the noise in the channel prevents the transmitter to perfectly describe its guess of the hypothesis to the two decision centers.

3

Chair, Z., e P. K. Varshney. "Distributed Bayesian hypothesis testing with distributed data fusion". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 18, n. 5 (1988): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.21597.

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Gilani, Atefeh, Selma Belhadj Amor, Sadaf Salehkalaibar e Vincent Y. F. Tan. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing with Privacy Constraints". Entropy 21, n. 5 (7 maggio 2019): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21050478.

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We revisit the distributed hypothesis testing (or hypothesis testing with communication constraints) problem from the viewpoint of privacy. Instead of observing the raw data directly, the transmitter observes a sanitized or randomized version of it. We impose an upper bound on the mutual information between the raw and randomized data. Under this scenario, the receiver, which is also provided with side information, is required to make a decision on whether the null or alternative hypothesis is in effect. We first provide a general lower bound on the type-II exponent for an arbitrary pair of hypotheses. Next, we show that if the distribution under the alternative hypothesis is the product of the marginals of the distribution under the null (i.e., testing against independence), then the exponent is known exactly. Moreover, we show that the strong converse property holds. Using ideas from Euclidean information theory, we also provide an approximate expression for the exponent when the communication rate is low and the privacy level is high. Finally, we illustrate our results with a binary and a Gaussian example.

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Pados, D., K. W. Halford, D. Kazakos e P. Papantoni-Kazakos. "Distributed binary hypothesis testing with feedback". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 25, n. 1 (1995): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.362967.

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Lalitha, Anusha, Tara Javidi e Anand D. Sarwate. "Social Learning and Distributed Hypothesis Testing". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, n. 9 (settembre 2018): 6161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2018.2837050.

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Li, Zishuo, Yilin Mo e Fei Hao. "Distributed Sequential Hypothesis Testing With Byzantine Sensors". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 69 (2021): 3044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3075147.

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Sreekumar, Sreejith, e Deniz Gunduz. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing Over Discrete Memoryless Channels". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, n. 4 (aprile 2020): 2044–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2019.2953750.

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Escamilla, Pierre, Michele Wigger e Abdellatif Zaidi. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing: Cooperation and Concurrent Detection". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, n. 12 (dicembre 2020): 7550–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2020.3019654.

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Li, Shang, e Xiaodong Wang. "Distributed Sequential Hypothesis Testing With Quantized Message-Exchange". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, n. 1 (gennaio 2020): 350–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2019.2947494.

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Crestani, Fabio, e Shengli Wu. "Testing the cluster hypothesis in distributed information retrieval". Information Processing & Management 42, n. 5 (settembre 2006): 1137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2005.12.002.

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Li, Shang, e Xiaodong Wang. "Fully Distributed Sequential Hypothesis Testing: Algorithms and Asymptotic Analyses". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, n. 4 (aprile 2018): 2742–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2018.2806961.

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Salehkalaibar, Sadaf, e Michele Wigger. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing Based on Unequal-Error Protection Codes". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, n. 7 (luglio 2020): 4150–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2020.2993172.

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Rahman, Md Saifur, e Aaron B. Wagner. "On the Optimality of Binning for Distributed Hypothesis Testing". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 58, n. 10 (ottobre 2012): 6282–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2012.2206793.

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Rhim, Joong Bum, Lav R. Varshney e Vivek K. Goyal. "Quantization of Prior Probabilities for Collaborative Distributed Hypothesis Testing". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60, n. 9 (settembre 2012): 4537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2012.2200890.

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Rhim, Joong Bum, e Vivek K. Goyal. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing With Social Learning and Symmetric Fusion". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 62, n. 23 (dicembre 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2014.2362885.

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Zhu, Xiaoxun, Yingqin Yuan, Chris Rorres e Moshe Kam. "Distributed M-ary hypothesis testing with binary local decisions". Information Fusion 5, n. 3 (settembre 2004): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2003.10.004.

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Tang, Z. B., K. R. Pattipati e D. L. Kleinman. "A distributed M-ary hypothesis testing problem with correlated observations". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 37, n. 7 (luglio 1992): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.148368.

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Papastavrou, J. D., e M. Athans. "On optimal distributed decision architectures in a hypothesis testing environment". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 37, n. 8 (1992): 1154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.151096.

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Sahu, Anit Kumar, e Soummya Kar. "Distributed Sequential Detection for Gaussian Shift-in-Mean Hypothesis Testing". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 64, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2478737.

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Kyophilavong, Phouphet, John Luke Gallup, Teerawat Charoenrat e Kenji Nozaki. "Testing tourism-led growth hypothesis in Laos?" Tourism Review 73, n. 2 (14 maggio 2018): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2017-0034.

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Abstract (sommario):

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tourism-led growth hypothesis in Laos. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the tourism-led growth hypothesis using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration estimation (Pesaran et al., 2001) and Granger causality tests. Findings The results of this paper show that when tourism is forcing variable, there is no long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth. The Granger causality test demonstrates that there is a uni-directional causality running from economic growth in tourism. Social implications The empirical results and policy recommendation may be useful for other small developing countries. Originality/value This study is the first study to investigate the relationship between tourism development and growth in Laos, using a relatively new econometric approach – ARDL bound testing.

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Weinberger, Nir, e Yuval Kochman. "On the Reliability Function of Distributed Hypothesis Testing Under Optimal Detection". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 65, n. 8 (agosto 2019): 4940–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2019.2910065.

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Lee, Ji-Woong, e Geir E. Dullerud. "Dynamic sequential team multi-hypothesis testing under uniformly distributed nonstationary observations". Systems & Control Letters 57, n. 12 (dicembre 2008): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2008.06.007.

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Sreekumar, Sreejith, e Deniz Gündüz. "Distributed Hypothesis Testing over a Noisy Channel: Error-Exponents Trade-Off". Entropy 25, n. 2 (6 febbraio 2023): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020304.

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A two-terminal distributed binary hypothesis testing problem over a noisy channel is studied. The two terminals, called the observer and the decision maker, each has access to n independent and identically distributed samples, denoted by U and V, respectively. The observer communicates to the decision maker over a discrete memoryless channel, and the decision maker performs a binary hypothesis test on the joint probability distribution of (U,V) based on V and the noisy information received from the observer. The trade-off between the exponents of the type I and type II error probabilities is investigated. Two inner bounds are obtained, one using a separation-based scheme that involves type-based compression and unequal error-protection channel coding, and the other using a joint scheme that incorporates type-based hybrid coding. The separation-based scheme is shown to recover the inner bound obtained by Han and Kobayashi for the special case of a rate-limited noiseless channel, and also the one obtained by the authors previously for a corner point of the trade-off. Finally, we show via an example that the joint scheme achieves a strictly tighter bound than the separation-based scheme for some points of the error-exponents trade-off.

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Waldorp, Lourens J., Hilde M. Huizenga, Raoul P. P. P. Grasman, Koen B. E. Böcker e Peter C. M. Molenaar. "Hypothesis testing in distributed source models for EEG and MEG data". Human Brain Mapping 27, n. 2 (2006): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20170.

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Tong, Xinyi, Xiangxiang Xu e Shao-Lun Huang. "On the Optimal Error Exponent of Type-Based Distributed Hypothesis Testing". Entropy 25, n. 10 (10 ottobre 2023): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25101434.

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Distributed hypothesis testing (DHT) has emerged as a significant research area, but the information-theoretic optimality of coding strategies is often typically hard to address. This paper studies the DHT problems under the type-based setting, which is requested from the popular federated learning methods. Specifically, two communication models are considered: (i) DHT problem over noiseless channels, where each node observes i.i.d. samples and sends a one-dimensional statistic of observed samples to the decision center for decision making; and (ii) DHT problem over AWGN channels, where the distributed nodes are restricted to transmit functions of the empirical distributions of the observed data sequences due to practical computational constraints. For both of these problems, we present the optimal error exponent by providing both the achievability and converse results. In addition, we offer corresponding coding strategies and decision rules. Our results not only offer coding guidance for distributed systems, but also have the potential to be applied to more complex problems, enhancing the understanding and application of DHT in various domains.

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Martien, Karen K., e Barbara L. Taylor. "Limitations of hypothesis-testing in defining management units for continuously distributed species". J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 5, n. 3 (11 aprile 2023): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v5i3.800.

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Estimating the risk to wildlife populations resulting from human-induced mortality relies on adequately defining population structure. For marine populations, including cetaceans, identifying population boundaries is difficult because most species have large continuous distributions with no obvious barriers to dispersal. For many species, the extreme ends of the range differ in morphology, indicating that population structure exists. However, the lack of distributional hiatuses often makes this structure difficult to detect. A common method of defining structure in such situations is to use genetic differentiation as a proxy for limited movement between areas. Genetic analyses of population structure usually take the form of hypothesis testing, which requires the a priori definition of hypothesised units and testing for significant genetic differentiation between them. Simulations are used to examine the performance of hypothesis testing to correctly define population structure. Results show that hypothesis testing is likely to lead the researcher to define fewer management units than are necessary to adequately protect local populations from over-exploitation. The need for the development of new methods of defining management units and for rigorous performance testing of all methods applied in a management context is highlighted.

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Halicioglu, Ferda, e Natalya Ketenci. "Testing the productivity bias hypothesis in Middle East countries". Journal of Economic Studies 45, n. 5 (8 ottobre 2018): 922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2017-0104.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the validity of the productivity bias hypothesis (PBH) in 18 Middle East countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs autoregressive-distributed lag approach to cointegration approach and stability tests. Findings The empirical results suggest the existence of the PBH only in the case of Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Practical implications Conclusions drawn from this research could be useful for the policy-makers of governments and practitioners in international trade organizations. Originality/value This study extends the existing literature by providing initial empirical time series evidence of the PBH for the entire Middle East countries.

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Guemas, Virginie, Ludovic Auger e Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes. "Hypothesis Testing for Autocorrelated Short Climate Time Series". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, n. 3 (marzo 2014): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-064.1.

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AbstractCommonly used statistical tests of hypothesis, also termed inferential tests, that are available to meteorologists and climatologists all require independent data in the time series to which they are applied. However, most of the time series that are usually handled are actually serially dependent. A common approach to handle such a serial dependence is to replace in those statistical tests the actual number of data by an estimated effective number of independent data that is computed from a classical and widely used formula that relies on the autocorrelation function. Despite being perfectly demonstrable under some hypotheses, this formula provides unreliable results on practical cases, for two different reasons. First, the formula has to be applied using the estimated autocorrelation function, which bears a large uncertainty because of the usual shortness of the available time series. After the impact of this uncertainty is illustrated, some recommendations of preliminary treatment of the time series prior to any application of this formula are made. Second, the derivation of this formula is done under the hypothesis of identically distributed data, which is often not valid in real climate or meteorological problems. It is shown how this issue is due to real physical processes that induce temporal coherence, and an illustration is given of how not respecting the hypotheses affects the results provided by the formula.

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Burmeister, Leon F., David Bimbaum e Samuel B. Sheps. "The Merits of Confidence Intervals Relative to Hypothesis Testing". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 13, n. 9 (settembre 1992): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646596.

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A variety of statistical tests of a null hypothesis commonly are used in biomedical studies. While these tests are the mainstay for justifying inferences drawn from data, they have important limitations. This report discusses the relative merits of two different approaches to data analysis and display, and recommends the use of confidence intervals rather than classic hypothesis testing.Formulae for a confidence interval surrounding the point estimate of an average value take the form: d= ±zσ/√n, where “d” represents the average difference between central and extreme values, “z” is derived from the density function of a known distribution, and “a/-∨n” represents the magnitude of sampling variability. Transposition of terms yields the familiar formula for hypothesis testing of normally distributed data (without applying the finite population correction factor): z = d/(σ/√n).

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Panda, Meenakshi, e P. M. Khilar. "Distributed Byzantine fault detection technique in wireless sensor networks based on hypothesis testing". Computers & Electrical Engineering 48 (novembre 2015): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2015.06.024.

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López, Luis. "Parallel Computation in Word Formation". Linguistic Inquiry 46, n. 4 (ottobre 2015): 657–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00197.

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Taking the Distributed Morphology model as a starting point, this article presents and develops the hypothesis that parallel computations drive some word formation processes. Along the way, some Distributed Morphology assumptions, particularly those concerning contextual allomorphy, are revised. It is argued that event structure is a syntactic head independent of the presence of a vP. Nominalizations in Spanish, which often exhibit verbal thematic vowels between the root and the nominalizing affix, turn out to be an ideal testing ground for theoretical hypotheses.

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Chaulagai, Mahesh Kumar. "Testing the J-Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Nepal". NRB Economic Review 27, n. 1 (24 maggio 2015): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v27i1.52565.

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This paper attempts to explore the J-curve phenomenon in the case of Nepalese foreign trade sector in order to examine whether devaluation2 of Nepalese currency can be taken as a policy tool for improving Nepalese trade imbalance with the rest of the world economies. Johansen's cointegration test, vector autoregression (VAR) model, impulse response function as well as autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing cointegration approach has been employed in order to see the relationships between the nominal effective exchange rate index (NEER) and trade balance (TB) as well as the real effective exchange rate index (REER) and trade balance (TB) of Nepal. The study found no evidence of "J-curve" in the case of Nepalese trade. On the contrary to the "J-curve" phenomenon as explained by the classical text books, the findings of the study suggest that depreciation of Nepalese exchange rate rather produces a flatter "L-curve" phenomenon indicating that there is no room for improving Nepalese trade imbalance through a currency devaluation process.

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Mubarok, Husni, Ery Suryanti e Hendra Lesmana. "Dominasi Elemen Penilaian RGEC Atas Harga Saham PT Bank Panin Dubai Syariah Tbk". Jurnal Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (JASIKA) 2, n. 2 (28 ottobre 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jasika.v2i2.1466.

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Exploration to find out the influence of the Dominance of RGEC Valuation Elements on the Stock Price of PT Bank Panin Dubai Syariah Tbk on the IDX in 2014 to 2020 with research methods designing quantitative secondary data where the results of partial hypothesis testing are most prominent Risk Profile 1,177 very valid correlation t count 1,688 > t Table 2.36462 significance 0.234 < 0.050 residual normally distributed to Stock Price accepts the hypothesis Ho and the results of hypothesis testing show that simultaneously the feasible components are 0.831 explained 83.1% very valid correlation remaining 16.9% other sensitive variables F Table 19.25 > F count 1.119 significance 0.050 > 0.522 residual normally distributed to the stock price accepts the hypothesis Ho.

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Srivastava, Muni S. "Some tests criteria for the covariance matrix with fewer observations than the dimension". Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica 10 (31 dicembre 2006): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/acutm.2006.10.07.

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We consider testing certain hypotheses concerning the covariance matrix Σ when the number of observations N=n+1 on the p-dimensional random vector x, distributed as normal, is less than p, n<p, and n/p goes to zero. Specifically, we consider testing Σ=σ2Ip, Σ=Ip, Σ=Λ, a diagonal matrix, and Σ=σ2[(1−ρ)Ip+ρ1p1′p], an intraclass correlation structure, where 1′p=(1,1,…,1), is a p-row vector of ones, and Ip is the p×p identity matrix. The first two tests are the adapted versions of the likelihood ratio tests when n>p, p-fixed, and p/n goes to zero, to the case when n<p, n-fixed, and n/p goes to zero. The third test is the normalized version of Fisher’s z-transformation which is shown to be asymptotically normally distributed as n and p go to infinity (irrespective of the manner). A test for the fourth hypothesis is constructed using the spherecity test for a (p−1)-dimensional vector but this test can only reject the hypothesis, that is, if the hypothesis is not rejected, it may not imply that the hypothesis is true. The first three tests are compared with some recently proposed tests.

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LAI, DEJIAN. "TESTING CHAOS OF TIME SERIES: PORTMANTEAU STATISTICS UNDER AN ORDER TRANSFORMATION". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 11, n. 06 (giugno 2001): 1761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127401003012.

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This paper studies several portmanteau test statistics with a nonparametric order transformation for distinguishing independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random processes from noisy chaotic time series. These portmanteau test statistics are asymptotically distributed as a chi-square random variable under the null hypothesis of i.i.d. Gaussian series. In this Letter, we show that the asymptotic distributions of these portmanteau test statistics on the transformed series are still chi-square under the null hypothesis. The simulations indicate that direct use of these portmanteau test statistics yields low power in identifying chaos. However, with the proposed order transformation, the simulations show that these test statistics are still effective for identifying noisy low dimensional chaos in some cases.

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Riaz, Noman, Waseem Akram e Iqbal Javed. "Determining the role of agriculture towards urbanization: testing the hypothesis". International Journal of Agricultural Extension 10, n. 1 (11 giugno 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.01.3390.

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The current study has examined the role of agriculture in urbanization. The study used time series data from 1983-2017. The order of integration of data suggested the estimation of an autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis. The study also used (Bayer and Hanck, 2012) combine cointegration to check the consistency of the cointegration relationship between agriculture growth and urbanization in the presence of other regressors. The empirical results showed that growth in the agriculture sector decreased urbanization. Whereas, problematic urbanization can be controlled through the development of the agriculture sector of the economy. The government can improve the agriculture sector by providing incentives to the farming community in the selected potential areas of agriculture, Like value addition and livestock. Improvement of the agricultural financial system of Pakistan can play a significant role.

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Zheng, John Xu. "CONSISTENT SPECIFICATION TESTING FOR CONDITIONAL SYMMETRY". Econometric Theory 14, n. 1 (febbraio 1998): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466698141063.

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This paper presents a consistent specification test of conditional symmetry using a kernel method. The test statistic is shown to be asymptotically distributed as standard normal under the null hypothesis of conditional symmetry and consistent against any conditional asymmetric distribution. Power against local alternatives is also investigated. A Monte Carlo simulation is provided to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the test.

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Pantula, Sastry G. "Testing for Unit Roots in Time Series Data". Econometric Theory 5, n. 2 (agosto 1989): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600012421.

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Let Yt satisfy the stochastic difference equation for t = 1,2,…, where et are independent and identically distributed random variables with mean zero and variance σ2 and the initial conditions (Y−p+1,…, Y0) are fixed constants. It is assumed that the process is invertible and that the true, but unknown, roots m1,m2,…,mp of satisfy the hypothesis Hd: m1 = … = md = 1 and |mj| < 1 for j = d + 1,…,p. We present a reparameterization of the model for Yt that is convenient for testing the hypothesis Hd. We consider the asymptotic properties of (i) a likelihood ratio type “F-statistic” for testing the hypothesis Hd, (ii) a likelihood ratio type t-statistic for testing the hypothesis Hd against the alternative Hd−1. Using these asymptotic results, we obtain two sequential testing procedures that are asymptotically consistent.

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Deriso, Richard B., Mark N. Maunder e John R. Skalski. "Variance estimation in integrated assessment models and its importance for hypothesis testing". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2007): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-178.

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Variance in likelihood functions for multiple normally distributed data sets can be reliably estimated in integrated assessment models, and their values are important for accurate hypothesis tests. Commonly, assessment models are fitted to multiple types of observations by constructing a joint likelihood function that is then maximized. When a model contains no random effects and all random variables in the likelihood function represent errors in the prediction of measurements, then variances for each of the error distributions are estimable provided that no likelihood component has zero degrees of freedom. Theory for estimation of variances is reviewed. We show the relationship between concentrated likelihood based on the normal distribution and weighted least squares. Concentrated likelihood and weighted least squares are equivalent when the likelihood is made of normally distributed errors with constant variances, and the least squares weights are inversely proportional to the maximum likelihood estimates of the variances. A simulation study was made to show that variances and several output quantities are reasonably estimated for a herring-like population with moderate amounts of data. The simulation analysis and a case study with application to a herring population show that the choice of variances can strongly affect results of hypothesis tests.

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Laitrakun, Seksan. "Decision fusion for composite hypothesis testing in wireless sensor networks over a shared and noisy collision channel". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, n. 7 (luglio 2020): 155014772094020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720940204.

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We consider the composite hypothesis testing problem of time-bandwidth-constrained distributed detection. In this scenario, the probability distribution of the observed signal when the event of interest is happening is unknown. In addition, local decisions are censored and only those uncensored local decisions will be sent to the fusion center over a shared and noisy collision channel. The fusion center also has a limited time duration to collect transmitted decisions and make a final decision. Two types of medium access control that the sensor nodes apply to send their decisions are investigated: time division multiple access and slotted-Aloha. Unlike using the time division multiple access protocol, the slotted-Aloha-based distributed detection will experience packet collisions. However, in this article, since only uncensored decisions are sent, packet collisions are informative. We derive fusion rules according to generalized likelihood ratio test, Rao test, and Wald test for both the time division multiple access–based distributed detection and the slotted-Aloha-based distributed detection. We see that the fusion rules for the slotted-Aloha-based distributed detection here also exploit packet collisions in the final decision-making. In addition, the asymptotic performances and energy consumption of both schemes are analyzed. Extensive simulation and numerical results are provided to compare the performances of these two schemes. We show that, for a given time delay, the slotted-Aloha-based distributed detection can outperform the time division multiple access–based distributed detection by increasing the number of sensor nodes which results in higher energy consumption.

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Sahu, Anit Kumar, e Soummya Kar. "Recursive Distributed Detection for Composite Hypothesis Testing: Nonlinear Observation Models in Additive Gaussian Noise". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 63, n. 8 (agosto 2017): 4797–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2017.2686435.

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Sinaga, Aprillia Lonny, Teman Koesmono e Christofera Marliana Junaedi. "THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, INCENTIVE, AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE". Research In Management and Accounting 6, n. 1 (2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/rima.v6i1.4425.

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This research aims to identify the impact of work environment and career development on job performance. A questionnaire is distributed to administrative employees in Surabaya. The data collected and can be used in hypothesis testing are 101 respondent data. Hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple linear regression in the SPSS 23.0 program. The findings of this study support the research hypothesis, namely that work environment and career development significantly have a positive effect on the job performance of administrative employees in Surabaya.

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Marlina, Evi, Sri Rahmayanti e Ameilia Dwi Rur Afdilah Futri. "Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Kompetensi, Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pengelola Dana Desa di Kecamatan Rakit Kulim, Riau". Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika 11, n. 1 (20 giugno 2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jae.v11i1.2517.

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This study examines the influence of leadership, competence and information technology on the accountability of village fund management in Rakit Kulim sub-district, Indragiri Hulu, Riau. Regarding the objectives of this study, three hypotheses were formulated, namely leadership, competence and information technology on the accountability of village fund management. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, from 76 questionnaires distributed to the village government apparatus of the Rakit Kulim sub-district and all of them returned. To test the hypothesis, regression analysis was carried out using SPSS version 17.00. Before testing the hypothesis, testing the validity, reliability and classic regression assumptions is carried out. This study shows that leadership, competence and information technology have a significant effect on the accountability of village fund management.

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Pratama, Yodi. "PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, PEMBELAJARAN ORGANISASIONAL, DAN PERILAKU ADAPTIF TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA TENAGA KESEHATAN". Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 14, n. 1 (25 aprile 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31001/jbk.v14i1.1479.

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This study aims to examine the effect of the work environment, organizational learning, and adaptive behavior on the work productivity of health workers. Work productivity is important for the hospital in producing an output or work result in accordance with the specified quality. Data obtained through a questionnaire distributed to health workers. The research sample used was 200 This study used purposive sampling. In Surakarta. Hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression. The first and third hypotheses are supported and the second hypothesis is not supported. Keywords: Work Environment, Organizational Learning, Adaptive Behavior, and Work Productivity

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Beyene, Sisay Demissew, e Balázs Kotosz. "Testing the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis in the case of Ethiopia: An autoregressive-distributed lag approach". Hungarian Statistical Review 3, n. 2 (2020): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35618/hsr2020.02.en026.

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The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) suggests that when the government attempts to stimulate the economy by raising debt-financed government spending, consumption and demand do not increase but rather remain the same. The objective of this study is to test the existence of the REH in Ethiopia, using annual data from 1990 to 2011 and by employing the autoregressive-distributed lag cointegration approach. The study includes three variables (budget deficit, government consumption expenditure, and government debt) which contribute to the REH along with another variable. The results show that only the budget deficit and government consumption expenditure fulfil the REH. However, government debt fails to fulfil it. Thus, limited evidence of the existence of the REH is found in Ethiopia.

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Dewi, Erwita, Hendriyaldi Hendriyaldi e Feni Tialonawarmi. "EFFECT OF FINANCIAL ACCESS ON MSME BUSINESS PERFORMANCE, THE MODERATING ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY (STUDY ON YOUTH ENTREPRENEURIAL GROUP IN JAMBI CITY)". Journal of Business Studies and Mangement Review 5, n. 2 (8 luglio 2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jbsmr.v5i2.19137.

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This study aims to determine the effect of financial access on business performance by testing the moderation effect of financial literacy on entrepreneurial youth groups in Jambi city. Using a survey research design, the questionnaire was distributed to 252 respondents. Hypothesis testing using PLS-SEM analysis tools with Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results of the study indicate that the entire hypothesis was accepted. This proves that financial access affects the business performance of MSMEs and financial literacy acts as a moderation variable.

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A'yun, Indanazulfa Qurrota, Muhammad Safar Nasir, Zarul Azhar bin Nasir, Fatima Muhammad Abdulkarim e Murtaza Hussain. "Testing The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis in Indonesia and India: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model Approach". Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 24, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2023): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v24i2.23191.

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The achievement of economic growth is equally important as environmental sustainability. Economic growth is considered capable of enhancing the overall welfare of society. However, there is a sacrifice stemming from economic growth in the form of negative external impacts. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in Indonesia and India. The EKC hypothesis connects economic growth with CO2 emissions. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed to assess both the long-term and short-term impacts of economic growth on CO2 emissions in Indonesia and India. Additionally, the study seeks to comprehend the applicability of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in these countries over the period of 1965-2021. The research findings indicate that economic growth has a significant impact on CO2 emissions in the short term, but this influence is not sustained in the long term in Indonesia. In contrast, in India, economic growth does not exhibit a significant effect on CO2 emissions in the short term, but it does have a notable impact in the long term. This implies that Indonesia does not align with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long term, while India is anticipated to adhere to the EKC hypothesis in the future.

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Liu, Xuze, Yuhai Zhao, Tongze Xu, Fazal Wahab, Yiming Sun e Chen Chen. "Efficient False Positive Control Algorithms in Big Data Mining". Applied Sciences 13, n. 8 (16 aprile 2023): 5006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085006.

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The typical hypothesis testing issue in statistical analysis is determining whether a pattern is significantly associated with a specific class label. This usually leads to highly challenging multiple-hypothesis testing problems in big data mining scenarios, as millions or billions of hypothesis tests in large-scale exploratory data analysis can result in a large number of false positive results. The permutation testing-based FWER control method (PFWER) is theoretically effective in dealing with multiple hypothesis testing issues. In reality, however, this theoretical approach confronts a serious computational efficiency problem. It takes an extremely long time to compute an appropriate FWER false positive control threshold using PFWER, which is almost impossible to achieve in a reasonable amount of time using human effort on medium- or large-scale data. Although some methods for improving the efficiency of the FWER false positive control threshold calculation have been proposed, most of them are stand-alone, and there is still a lot of space for efficiency improvement. To address this problem, this paper proposes a distributed PFWER false-positive threshold calculation method for large-scale data. The computational effectiveness increases significantly when compared to the current approaches. The FP-growth algorithm is used first for pattern mining, and the mining process reduces the computation of invalid patterns by using pruning operations and index optimization for merging patterns with index transactions. The distributed computing technique is introduced on this basis, and the constructed FP tree is decomposed into a set of subtrees, each corresponding to a subtask. All subtrees (subtasks) are distributed to different computing nodes. Each node independently calculates the local significance threshold according to the designated subtasks. Finally, all local results are aggregated to compute the FWER false positive control threshold, which is completely consistent with the theoretical result. A series of experimental findings on 11 real-world datasets demonstrate that the distributed algorithm proposed in this paper can significantly improve the computation efficiency of PFWER while ensuring its theoretical accuracy.

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Urbani, Winnie Puspitaning, e Tiara Puspa. "Authentic Leadership sebagai Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia: Dampaknya pada Menurunkan Turnover Intention pada Karyawan Perbankan". El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 5, n. 3 (2 dicembre 2023): 1197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.5649.

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This resrarch aims to anlyze the influence of aunthentic leadership on turnover intentions which is mediated by job satisfaction among employees at banking services companies in South Jakarta. This type of resrarch uses quantitative methods using hypothesis testing methods at two branch offices in one of the banks in Indonesia,namely PT Bank Mandiri which is located in South Jakarta. Testing in this resrarch uses hypothesis which makes temporary guesses and is expressed in the form of a statement. The individualunits used in this research are individual employees of PT Bank Mandiri. Data collection for this research was carried out cross sectionally because the data was taken over a specified time period and distributed through a questionnaire. From the results of the analysis of the authentic leadership hypothesis, job satisfaction, turnover intention, all hypotheses are supported so that it can be concluded that the analysis of the positive influence of authentic leadership on job satisfaction can be conclude that the leadership off pt Bank Mandiri has an suthentic leadership style so that employees. Job targets given by the company.

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