Bibliografie tematiche / Dissimilarités

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Dissimilarités"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Dissimilarités":

RAYNAUT, William, Chantal SOULE-DUPUY e Nathalie VALLES-PARLANGEAU. "Dissimilarités entre jeux de données". Ingénierie des systèmes d'information 22, n. 3 (28 marzo 2017): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/isi.22.3.35-63.

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Bertrand, Patrice. "Classifications en classes recouvrantes ou non, et leurs dissimilarités". Mathématiques et sciences humaines, n. 190 (10 marzo 2010): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/msh.11737.

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Mahamadou, Zoubeyda. "Asymétries entre partenaires et confiance : le cas des alliances stratégiques entre PME et multinationales". Revue internationale P.M.E. 30, n. 1 (3 maggio 2017): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039786ar.

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Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les effets des asymétries interorganisationnelles sur la confiance dans le cadre d’alliances stratégiques entre PME et firmes multinationales (FMN). La plupart des auteurs avancent que l’existence de dissimilarités entre les partenaires d’une alliance ne favorise pas le développement de la confiance entre eux. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, les effets des asymétries sur la confiance ont été analysés à partir d’une étude qualitative de dix cas d’alliances entre PME françaises dans l’industrie aéronautique et géants du secteur. Il en ressort que malgré les asymétries, la confiance peut se développer entre les partenaires si des dispositions sont prises par ces derniers pour favoriser la coopération.

Soumaila, Mounkaila, Rabiou Habou, Morou Boube, Djima Idrissou Tahirou (IM), Mahamane Ali e Saadou Mahamane. "Comparative Floristic Analysis of the Classified Forest of Gorou Bassounga (Gaya) and the Total Wildlife Reserve of Tamou and their Conservation Values". Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 11, n. 10 (7 ottobre 2023): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.003.

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The objective of this study is to make a comparative floral analysis of two sites (Classified forest of Gorou Bassounga and Tamou) and the conservation value for biodiversity of each site. The floristic survey of the vegetation has been done base on a random laminated plot of 1000 m². Sixthy four (64) species were inventoried at both sites level. 47 species, 37 kinds and 18 families were identified in Gorou Bassounga. Fabaceae constitutes the most important family with 16 species followed by Combretaceae 6 species and Rubiaceae 5. On the other hand, at Tamou 44 counted species are distributed in 31 kinds (genres) and 17 families. Fabaceae constitutes the most represented family with 11especies followed by Combretaceae 8 species, Rubiaceae and Anarcardiaceae with 4 species each. The statistical analysis of the data shows similarity and dissimilarités existing between sites spite of their floral poverty. Conclusion and application: The floral richness of Gorou Bassounga (Gaya) is higher than that of Tamou. The study also allowed to determine the status (dominance, rarity or endangered) of each species. The value of conservation for the sites was estimated. This study can be a tool for management planning for both site.

Pugh, Brittany E., e Richard Field. "Effect of Canal Bank Engineering Disturbance on Plant Communities: Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Beta Diversity". Land 12, n. 5 (18 maggio 2023): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051090.

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We aimed to determine how patterns of functional and taxonomic dissimilarities and their components differ between disturbed and undisturbed plant communities. Taxonomic (species) and functional (trait) diversity are key aspects of biodiversity, and their respective dissimilarities are important in diversity scaling and for informing conservation. We utilized a pseudo-experimental setting, the Basingstoke Canal, UK, where sections of canal bank have been repaired over a four-year period and are interspersed with sections left undisturbed. We collected plant community data, computed functional beta diversity and taxonomic beta diversity and partitioned them into species loss and replacement components. We compared disturbed and undisturbed plots with respect to these dissimilarity measures, the time since disturbance, invasive species, plant life-forms and environmental dissimilarity. We found high levels of taxonomic (85–90%) and functional (70–76%) dissimilarities between disturbed and undisturbed sites, primarily driven by turnover. The total dissimilarity was lower for functional dissimilarity than taxonomic dissimilarity. Disturbed sites had greater between-site taxonomic and functional dissimilarities and lower plant abundances than undisturbed sites, driven by both turnover and nestedness components. The disturbed site functional diversity diverged strongly from null expectations. We found no significant effects of time since disturbance, environmental variables or invasive species, possibly indicating the dominance of stochastic, local-scale processes. However, disturbed sites had lower levels of phanerophyte richness and higher levels of therophyte richness. Our results indicate that small-scale disturbances may increase taxonomic and functional between-community dissimilarities in anthropogenic habitats without increasing invasive species, lending support to local-scale conservation that enhances habitat heterogeneity to promote taxonomic diversity and its corresponding biotic functions.

Wang, Liwei, Masashi Sugiyama, Cheng Yang, Kohei Hatano e Jufu Feng. "Theory and Algorithm for Learning with Dissimilarity Functions". Neural Computation 21, n. 5 (maggio 2009): 1459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.08-06-805.

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We study the problem of classification when only a dissimilarity function between objects is accessible. That is, data samples are represented not by feature vectors but in terms of their pairwise dissimilarities. We establish sufficient conditions for dissimilarity functions to allow building accurate classifiers. The theory immediately suggests a learning paradigm: construct an ensemble of simple classifiers, each depending on a pair of examples; then find a convex combination of them to achieve a large margin. We next develop a practical algorithm referred to as dissimilarity-based boosting (DBoost) for learning with dissimilarity functions under theoretical guidance. Experiments on a variety of databases demonstrate that the DBoost algorithm is promising for several dissimilarity measures widely used in practice.

Torres-Manzanera, Emilio, Pavol Král, Vladimír Janiš e Susana Montes. "Uncertainty-Aware Dissimilarity Measures for Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 28, n. 05 (30 settembre 2020): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488520500324.

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Dissimilarities are a very usual way to compare two fuzzy sets and also two interval-valued fuzzy sets. In both cases, the dissimilarity between two sets is a number. In this work, we introduce a generalization of the notion of dissimilarity for interval-valued fuzzy sets such that it assumes values on the set of subintervals instead of the set of numbers. This seems to be more realistic taking into account the available information. We also investigate its relationship with the classical notions of dissimilarity between fuzzy sets and we obtain that the new class is richer than the existing one.

Rietveld, P., e H. Ouwersloot. "Intraregional Income Distribution and Poverty: Some Investigations for the Netherlands, 1960–81". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, n. 7 (luglio 1989): 881–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210881.

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This paper is addressed to intraregional income inequalities in the Netherlands. Various concepts are used to measure the degree of regional poverty. In addition, dissimilarity between intraregional income distributions is studied. At the provincial level, relatively small and decreasing dissimilarities are observed. However, at lower spatial levels (especially within metropolitan areas) much larger dissimilarities in mean income and income distribution occur. In the Netherlands, urban poverty has become a more intense and widespread phenomenon than rural poverty.

Crossetti, Luciane Oliveira, Fabiana Schneck, Lacina Maria Freitas-Teixeira e David da Motta-Marques. "The influence of environmental variables on spatial and temporal phytoplankton dissimilarity in a large shallow subtropical lake (Lake Mangueira, southern Brazil)". Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, n. 2 (giugno 2014): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000200002.

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AIM: The uneven distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystems is generally attributed to environmental heterogeneity in both space and time, reflecting the occurrence of appropriate environmental conditions and the availability of resources to biological communities. The aim of this study was to understand how the dissimilarity of the phytoplankton community in a large subtropical shallow lake is related to environmental dissimilarities. METHODS: Biotic and environmental data were gathered at 19 sites along the 90-km length of Lake Mangueira. Sampling was carried out quarterly during 2010 and 2011, totaling 152 sampling units. The relationship between phytoplankton dissimilarity and the dissimilarity of environmental variables was assessed by the BioEnv analysis. MAJOR RESULTS: There is a significant relationship between phytoplankton dissimilarity and environmental dissimilarity. The model that best explained the dissimilarity of phytoplankton among the sampling units included pH, turbidity and nitrate. CONCLUSIONS: The dissimilarity of phytoplankton was related to the dissimilarity, which were directly associated to the variability of conditions and resources in space and time in Lake Mangueira.

Plantinga, Anna M., Jun Chen, Robert R. Jenq e Michael C. Wu. "pldist: ecological dissimilarities for paired and longitudinal microbiome association analysis". Bioinformatics 35, n. 19 (19 febbraio 2019): 3567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz120.

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Abstract Motivation The human microbiome is notoriously variable across individuals, with a wide range of ‘healthy’ microbiomes. Paired and longitudinal studies of the microbiome have become increasingly popular as a way to reduce unmeasured confounding and to increase statistical power by reducing large inter-subject variability. Statistical methods for analyzing such datasets are scarce. Results We introduce a paired UniFrac dissimilarity that summarizes within-individual (or within-pair) shifts in microbiome composition and then compares these compositional shifts across individuals (or pairs). This dissimilarity depends on a novel transformation of relative abundances, which we then extend to more than two time points and incorporate into several phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic dissimilarities. The data transformation and resulting dissimilarities may be used in a wide variety of downstream analyses, including ordination analysis and distance-based hypothesis testing. Simulations demonstrate that tests based on these dissimilarities retain appropriate type 1 error and high power. We apply the method in two real datasets. Availability and implementation The R package pldist is available on GitHub at https://github.com/aplantin/pldist. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Dissimilarités":

Seston, Morgan. "Dissimilarités de Robinson : algorithmes de reconnaissance et d'approximation". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22045.pdf.

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Une distance ou plus généralement une dissimilarité d définie sur un ensemble X de n éléments, est dite Robisonienne s'il existe un ordre total < sur X tel que pour tout x < y = max{d(x,y), d(y,z)}. Un tel ordre est dit compatible avec d. Dans la première partie, nous présentons deux algorithmes de complexité O(n^3) et O(n^2 log n) pour la reconnaissance des dissimilarités de Robinson. Ces algorithmes permettent de coder de façon compacte l'ensemble des ordres compatibles via les PQ-arbres. La deuxième partie concerne l'approximation en norme l_{\infty} d'une dissimilarité de Robinson. Plus formellement, on veut trouver une dissimilarité de Robinson d_R qui miminise l'erreur :||d-d_R||_{\infty}=\max_{x,y\in X} {|d(x,y)-d_(x,y)|}. Nous montrons que ce problème est NP-difficile. Nous présentons également un algorithme d'approximation avec un facteur 16 pour ce problème, ce qui constitue le résultat principal de cette thèse

Baudrier, Etienne. "Comparaison d'images binaires reposant sur une mesure locale des dissimilarités : Application à la classification". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000305.pdf.

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Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de la comparaison d'image. Elle est consacrée au développement d'une méthode de comparaison locale d'images binaires. En s'appuyant sur un exemple de mesure - la distance de Hausdorff (DH) - une mesure locale (à travers une fenêtre) est définie, et ses propriétés en fonction de la taille de la fenêtre et de la mesure globale entre les deux images sont prouvées. Cela permet de définir un critère pour fixer une taille de fenêtre ajustée à celle de la dissimilarité locale. Cette méthode permet de définir une Carte de Dissimilarités Locales (CDL) lorsque la mesure locale est faite sur tous les points de l'image. Elle n'est pas valable uniquement avec la DH, cependant les propriétés de la DH font que le calcul de la CDL dans ce cas est très rapide. La CDL est à la fois un outil de visualisation des dissimilarités entre deux images et une base pour décider de la similarité des images. Dans cette optique, une première étape est la mise en oeuvre d'une analyse multirésolution adaptée aux images binaires reposant sur le filtre de la médiane morphologique qui offre la possibilité de traiter l'information à une résolution adaptée au degré de similarité recherché. La deuxième étape est l'utilisation de l'information de la CDL concernant les dissimilarités et leur distribution spatiale pour comparer les images. Plusieurs méthodes sont testées, et la plus efficace est basée sur les SVM auxquels on fournit en entrée les CDL entières. Les tests réalisés sur une base d'impressions anciennes numérisées et sur une base de formes montrent l'efficacité de la méthode
This PhD deals with the comparison of binary images that are not composed of a single pattern. The proposed method is then extended to gray level images. Using a measure example - the Hausdorff distance (HD) - a local measure is defined throught a window, and its properties depending on the window size and the global HD measure are proved. Thanks to them, a window-size criterion is defined so as the window to be adjusted to the local dissimilarity. The local dissimilarity map (LDM) is then defined when the window slides over all the compared images. The LDM can be defined with other measure than the HD using the same algorithm, nevertheless, the DH properties leads to a LDM fast computation. The LDM can be used as image dissimilarity visualization method or a tool to decide on image similarity. For this last point, a first step is a binary-image adapted multiresolution analysis which is base on the median morphological filter. This allows to have an resolution adapted to the researched similarity degree. A second step consists in using LDM information concerning the dissimilarities and their spatial distribution to compare the images. Several comparison methods are tested, the most efficient one is based on the SVM with the whole LDM as input data. The method efficiency is successfully tested on an ancient-impressions database and on a face database

Dalleau, Kevin. "Une approche stochastique à base d’arbres aléatoires pour le calcul de dissimilarités : application au clustering pour diverses structures de données". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0181.

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La notion de distance, et plus généralement de dissimilarité, est une notion importante en fouille de données, tout particulièrement dans les approches non supervisées. Les algorithmes de cette classe de méthodes visant à regrouper de manière homogène des objets, nombre d’entre eux s’appuient sur une notion de dissimilarité, afin de quantifier la proximité entre objets. Le choix des algorithmes ainsi que celui des dissimilarités n’est cependant pas trivial. Plusieurs éléments peuvent motiver ces choix, tels que le type de données – données homogènes ou non –, leur représentation – vecteurs d’attributs, graphes –, ou encore certaines de leurs caractéristiques – fortement corrélées, bruitées, etc. –. Bien que de nombreuses mesures existent, leur choix peut devenir complexe dans certains cadres spécifiques. Ceci entraîne une complexité supplémentaire dans les tâches d’exploration et de fouille des données. Nous présentons dans cette thèse une nouvelle approche permettant le calcul de dissimilarités, basée sur des arbres aléatoires. Il s’agit d’une approche originale dont nous montrons plusieurs avantages, parmi lesquels l’on retrouve une grande versatilité. En effet, par le biais de différents modules de calcul de dissimilarités que nous accolons à la méthode, il devient possible de l’appliquer dans divers cadres. Nous présentons notamment dans ce document deux modules, permettant le calcul de dissimilarités — et, in fine, le clustering — sur des données structurées sous forme de vecteur d’attributs, et sur des données sous forme de graphes. Nous discutons des résultats très prometteurs obtenus par cette approche, ainsi que des nombreuses perspectives ouvertes par cette dernière, telle que le calcul de dissimilarité dans le cadre des graphes attribués, par le biais d’une approche unifiée
The notion of distance, and more generally of dissimilarity, is an important one in data mining, especially in unsupervised approaches. The algorithms belonging to this class of methods aim at grouping objects in an homogeneous way, and many of them rely on a notion of dissimilarity, in order to quantify the proximity between objects. The choice of algorithms as well as that of dissimilarities is not trivial. Several elements can motivate these choices, such as the type of data – homogeneous data or not –, their representation – feature vectors, graphs –, or some of their characteristics – highly correlated, noisy, etc. –. Although many measures exist, their choice can become complex in some specific settings. This leads to additional complexity in data mining tasks. In this thesis, we present a new approach for computing dissimilarities based on random trees. It is an original approach, which has several advantages such as a great versatility. Indeed, using different dissimilarity calculation modules that we can plug to the method, it becomes possible to apply it in various settings. In particular, we present in this document two modules, enabling the computation of dissimilarities - and, in fine, clustering - on data structured as feature vectors, and on data in the form of graphs. We discuss the very promising results obtained by this approach, as well as the numerous perspectives that it opens, such as the computation of dissimilarity in the framework of attributed graphs, through a unified approach

Abou, Latif Firas. "Identification du profil des utilisateurs d’un hypermédia encyclopédique à l’aide de classifieurs basés sur des dissimilarités : création d’un composant d’un système expert pour Hypergéo". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAM0004/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier le profil d’utilisateur d’un hypermédia afin de l’adapter. Ceprofil est déterminé en utilisant des algorithmes d’apprentissage supervisé comme le SVM.Le modèle d’utilisateur est l’un des composants essentiels des hypermédias adaptatifs. Une des façons de caractériser ce modèle est d’associer l’utilisateur à un profil. Le Web Usage Mining (WUM)identifie ce profil à l’aide des traces de navigation. Toutefois, ces techniques ne fonctionnent généralement que sur de gros volumes de données. Dans le cadre de volumes de données réduits, nous proposons d’utiliser la structure et le contenu de l’hypermédia. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des algorithmes d’apprentissage à noyau pour lesquels nous avons défini l’élément clé qu’est la mesure de similarité entre traces basée sur une « distance » entre documents du site. Notre approche a été validée à l’aide de données synthétiques puis à l’aide de données issues des traces des utilisateurs du site Hypergéo (site webencyclopédique spécialisé dans la géographie). Nos résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus à l’aide d’une des techniques du WUM (l’algorithme des motifs caractéristiques). Finalement, nos propositions pour identifier les profils a posteriori ont permis de mettre en évidence cinq profils. En appliquant une« distance sémantique » entre documents, les utilisateurs d’Hypergéo ont été classés correctement selon leurs centres d’intérêt
This thesis is devoted to identify the profile of hypermedia user, then to adapt it according to user’s profile. This profile is found by using supervised learning algorithm like SVM. The user model is one of the essential components of adaptive hypermedia. One way to characterize this model is to associate a user to a profile. Web Usage Mining (WUM) identifies this profile from traces. However, these techniques usually operate on large mass of data. In the case when not enough data are available, we propose to use the structure and the content of the hypermedia. Hence, we used supervised kernel learning algorithms for which we have defined the measure of similarity between traces based on a “distance” between documents of the site. Our approach was validated using synthetic data and then using real data from the traces of Hypergéo users, Hypergéo is an encyclopedic website specialized in geography. Our results were compared with those obtained using a techniques of WUM(the algorithm of characteristic patterns). Finally, our proposals to identify the profiles a posteriori led usto highlight five profiles. Hypergéo users are classified according to their interests when the “semantic distance” between documents is applied

Abou, Latif Firas. "Identification du profil des utilisateurs d'un hypermédia encyclopédique à l'aide de classifieurs basés sur des dissimilarités : création d'un composant d'un système expert pour Hypergéo". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625439.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier le profil d'utilisateur d'un hypermédia afin de l'adapter. Ceprofil est déterminé en utilisant des algorithmes d'apprentissage supervisé comme le SVM.Le modèle d'utilisateur est l'un des composants essentiels des hypermédias adaptatifs. Une des façons de caractériser ce modèle est d'associer l'utilisateur à un profil. Le Web Usage Mining (WUM)identifie ce profil à l'aide des traces de navigation. Toutefois, ces techniques ne fonctionnent généralement que sur de gros volumes de données. Dans le cadre de volumes de données réduits, nous proposons d'utiliser la structure et le contenu de l'hypermédia. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des algorithmes d'apprentissage à noyau pour lesquels nous avons défini l'élément clé qu'est la mesure de similarité entre traces basée sur une " distance " entre documents du site. Notre approche a été validée à l'aide de données synthétiques puis à l'aide de données issues des traces des utilisateurs du site Hypergéo (site webencyclopédique spécialisé dans la géographie). Nos résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus à l'aide d'une des techniques du WUM (l'algorithme des motifs caractéristiques). Finalement, nos propositions pour identifier les profils a posteriori ont permis de mettre en évidence cinq profils. En appliquant une" distance sémantique " entre documents, les utilisateurs d'Hypergéo ont été classés correctement selon leurs centres d'intérêt.

Ketata, Ines. "Extraction et Modélisation de la cinétique du traceur en imagerie TEP pour la caractérisation des tissus tumoraux". Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS031/document.

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Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la caractérisation du cancer du sein dans le but de réaliser une nouvelle approche pour l'extraction et la modélisation de la cinétique du traceur en imagerie TEP. La mesure du taux de comptage d'un traceur dans une région d'intérêt (ROI) estimée au moyen d'une extension d'une Carte de Dissimilarité Locale à Valeurs Réelles (CDLVR) proposée en niveaux de gris et l'utilisation des modèles dynamiques comme la méthode d'Analyse Factorielle des Séquences d'Images Médicales (AFSIM) appliquée sur la ROI permettent la quantification automatique et précoce du métabolisme glucidique. Plus spécifiquement, il s'agit de déterminer un nouveau paramètre empirique KFPQ. Il est calculé à partir des deux compartiments obtenus dans la région d'intérêt tumorale et tel que évalué durant le premier passage du traceur 18F-FDG dans les images TEP précoces
The research of this thesis proposes in the context of the breast cancer characterization in order to achieve a new approach for the extraction and modeling of the tracer kinetics in PET imaging.The measurement of the counting rate of a tracer in a region of interest (ROI) estimated using an extension of a Real Valued Local Dissimilarity Map (RVLDM) proposed grayscale and the use of dynamic models as the method of factor analysis of medical image sequences (FAMIS) applied on the ROI enable an automatic early quantification of glucose metabolism. More specifically, it is to determine a new KFPQ empirical parameter. It is calculated from the two compartments obtained in the region of interest and tumor as assessed during the first pass of the 18F-FDG tracer in the early PET images

Cao, Hongliu. "Forêt aléatoire pour l'apprentissage multi-vues basé sur la dissimilarité : Application à la Radiomique". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR073/document.

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Les travaux de cette thèse ont été initiés par des problèmes d’apprentissage de données radiomiques. La Radiomique est une discipline médicale qui vise l’analyse à grande échelle de données issues d’imageries médicales traditionnelles, pour aider au diagnostic et au traitement des cancers. L’hypothèse principale de cette discipline est qu’en extrayant une grande quantité d’informations des images, on peut caractériser de bien meilleure façon que l’œil humain les spécificités de cette pathologie. Pour y parvenir, les données radiomiques sont généralement constituées de plusieurs types d’images et/ou de plusieurs types de caractéristiques (images, cliniques, génomiques). Cette thèse aborde ce problème sous l’angle de l’apprentissage automatique et a pour objectif de proposer une solution générique, adaptée à tous problèmes d’apprentissage du même type. Nous identifions ainsi en Radiomique deux problématiques d’apprentissage: (i) l’apprentissage de données en grande dimension et avec peu d’instances (high dimension, low sample size, a.k.a.HDLSS) et (ii) l’apprentissage multi-vues. Les solutions proposées dans ce manuscrit exploitent des représentations de dissimilarités obtenues à l’aide des Forêts Aléatoires. L’utilisation d’une représentation par dissimilarité permet de contourner les difficultés inhérentes à l’apprentissage en grande dimension et facilite l’analyse conjointe des descriptions multiples (les vues). Les contributions de cette thèse portent sur l’utilisation de la mesure de dissimilarité embarquée dans les méthodes de Forêts Aléatoires pour l’apprentissage multi-vue de données HDLSS. En particulier, nous présentons trois résultats: (i) la démonstration et l’analyse de l’efficacité de cette mesure pour l’apprentissage multi-vue de données HDLSS; (ii) une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer les dissimilarités à partir de Forêts Aléatoires, plus adaptée à ce type de problème d’apprentissage; et (iii) une nouvelle façon d’exploiter l’hétérogénèité des vues, à l’aide d’un mécanisme de combinaison dynamique. Ces résultats ont été obtenus sur des données radiomiques mais aussi sur des problèmes multi-vue classiques
The work of this thesis was initiated by a Radiomic learning problem. Radiomics is a medical discipline that aims at the large-scale analysis of data from traditional medical imaging to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main hypothesis of this discipline is that by extracting a large amount of information from the images, we can characterize the specificities of this pathology in a much better way than the human eye. To achieve this, Radiomics data are generally based on several types of images and/or several types of features (from images, clinical, genomic). This thesis approaches this problem from the perspective of Machine Learning (ML) and aims to propose a generic solution, adapted to any similar learning problem. To do this, we identify two types of ML problems behind Radiomics: (i) learning from high dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) and (ii) multiview learning. The solutions proposed in this manuscript exploit dissimilarity representations obtained using the Random Forest method. The use of dissimilarity representations makes it possible to overcome the well-known difficulties of learning high dimensional data, and to facilitate the joint analysis of the multiple descriptions, i.e. the views.The contributions of this thesis focus on the use of the dissimilarity easurement embedded in the Random Forest method for HDLSS multi-view learning. In particular, we present three main results: (i) the demonstration and analysis of the effectiveness of this measure for HDLSS multi-view learning; (ii) a new method for measuring dissimilarities from Random Forests, better adapted to this type of learning problem; and (iii) a new way to exploit the heterogeneity of views, using a dynamic combination mechanism. These results have been obtained on radiomic data but also on classical multi-view learning problems

Drouet, d'Aubigny Gérard Romier Guy Van Cutsem Bernard. "L'analyse multidimensionnelle des données de dissimilarité". S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332393.

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Zhu, Xibin [Verfasser]. "Adaptive prototype-based dissimilarity learning / Xibin Zhu". Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072224704/34.

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Ortiz-Reynoso, Alejandra. "Perceiving similarity and dissimilarity in diverse teams". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422641.

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Libri sul tema "Dissimilarités":

Van Cutsem, Bernard, a cura di. Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4.

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1932-, Cutsem Bernard van, a cura di. Classification and dissimilarity analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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India) Tao Art Gallery (Mumbai. East, West, North, South, Centre: Similarities & dissimilarities. Mumbai: Tao Art Gallery, 2001.

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Shklovskiǐ, Viktor Borisovich. Bowstring: On the dissimilarity of the similar. Champaign: Dalkey Archive Press, 2011.

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Günes, M., D. G. Reina, J. M. Garcia Campos e S. L. Toral. Mobile Ad Hoc Network Protocols Based on Dissimilarity Metrics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62740-3.

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Pękalska, Elżbieta. The dissimilarity representation for pattern recognition: Foundations and applications. Singapore: World Scientific, 2005.

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Padmore, Joanne. An information based measure of dissimilarity for hierarchical cluster analysis. Sheffield: Sheffield University Management School, 1993.

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United States. Army Aviation Systems Command. e Ames Research Center, a cura di. Effects of blade-to-blade dissimilarities on rotor-body lead-lag dynamics. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Dissimilarités":

Van Cutsem, Bernard. "Introduction". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_1.

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Critchley, Frank, e Bernard Fichet. "The partial order by inclusion of the principal classes of dissimilarity on a finite set, and some of their basic properties". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 5–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_2.

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Joly, Serge, e Georges Le Calvé. "Similarity functions". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 67–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_3.

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Critchley, Frank, e Bernard Van Cutsem. "An order-theoretic unification and generalisation of certain fundamental bijections in mathematical classification. I". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 87–119. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_4.

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Critchley, Frank, e Bernard Van Cutsem. "An order-theoretic unification and generalisation of certain fundamental bijections in mathematical classification. II". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 121–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_5.

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Leclerc, Bruno. "The residuation model for the ordinal construction of dissimilarities and other valued objects". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 149–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_6.

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Critchley, Frank. "On exchangeability-based equivalence relations induced by strongly Robinson and, in particular, by quadripolar Robinson dissimilarity matrices". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 173–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_7.

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Fichet, Bernard. "Dimensionality problems in L 1-norm representations". In Classification and Dissimilarity Analysis, 201–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2686-4_8.

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López-Oriona, Ángel, José A. Vilar e Pierpaolo D’Urso. "Unsupervised Classification of Categorical Time Series Through Innovative Distances". In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 233–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09034-9_26.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractIn this paper, two novel distances for nominal time series are introduced. Both of them are based on features describing the serial dependence patterns between each pair of categories. The first dissimilarity employs the so-called association measures, whereas the second computes correlation quantities between indicator processes whose uniqueness is guaranteed from standard stationary conditions. The metrics are used to construct crisp algorithms for clustering categorical series. The approaches are able to group series generated from similar underlying stochastic processes, achieve accurate results with series coming from a broad range of models and are computationally efficient. An extensive simulation study shows that the devised clustering algorithms outperform several alternative procedures proposed in the literature. Specifically, they achieve better results than approaches based on maximum likelihood estimation, which take advantage of knowing the real underlying procedures. Both innovative dissimilarities could be useful for practitioners in the field of time series clustering.

Güneş, M., D. G. Reina, J. M. Garcia Campos e S. L. Toral. "Dissimilarity Metrics". In SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 25–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62740-3_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Dissimilarités":

Valls Dalmau, Francesc, e Josep Roca Cladera. "Quantification of similarity between land cover categories". In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7883.

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The transformation from forest and rural to developed land is growing dramatically worldwide. A measure of the underlying structure of this shift is needed to better understand the nature of this change and to be able to establish control mechanisms at a regional scale. Landscape metrics evaluate the morphology of the spatial pattern at the object level (patch) through the categorization of Land Cover, generally without considering the similarities or dissimilarities between categories in the classification. This work uses the Mean Edge Contrast Index (MECI) to quantify the structure of the counties around Columbus, OH. This index doesn’t make a hard distinction between categories, since it uses a matrix that assigns a value to the contrast between each Land Cover class pairwise, and measures the degree of contrast between each patch and its immediate neighborhood. The values of the matrix are obtained through the comparison of MECI and a studied variable, obtaining a measure of the similarity or dissimilarity of each class that better explains each variable. These relationships are visualized with different techniques to better understand their similarities.

Aryal, Sunil, Kai Ming Ting, Gholamreza Haffari e Takashi Washio. "Mp-Dissimilarity: A Data Dependent Dissimilarity Measure". In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2014.33.

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Dehghan, M. A., M. Keshavarzi, M. Mashinchi, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, Ch Tsitouras e Zacharias Anastassi. "3-Dissimilarities". In NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2011: International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3637798.

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García-Escudero, Daniel, Berta Bardí Milà, Francisco Fayos Vallés e Francesc Valls Dalmau. "Course clustering based on the phylogenic tree of students’ grades in architectural degree". In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1191.

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A large-scale correlational analysis was conducted on the grades of the students who completed their studies in the 1994 curriculum in the Barcelona School of Architecture. The study included the passing grades of a total of 3910 students corresponding to all 47 compulsory subjects, as elective courses were excluded. The objective of the research was to explore whether courses with related content were associated with the corresponding grades at an aggregate level, and identify similarities and dissimilarities in their clustering. The correlation between the grades in all courses was computed pairwise, and used as a distance measure to quantify the grade of affinity between them. Using this distance metric, the results were processed using hierarchical cluster analysis producing a tree structure according to this similarity/dissimilarity measure. The clustering results were visualized in a phylogenic tree, identifying the optimal number of clusters and coloring the results accordingly. The visualization of this tree matched very closely the grouping of courses according to departmental divisions, indicating a strong association between the grades obtained and specific areas of knowledge. The lowest marks were also found to be concentrated in the first years and among the graphic and design subjects. These results reinforce previous studies that have investigated the relationship between academic performance during the degree course and the entry grade. The great discontinuity between them and the fact that PBL is characteristic of the degree course and less common in secondary school could be the reasons for these results.

Chitturi, Bhadrachalam, e K. S. Krishnaveni. "Expected genomic dissimilarity". In 2019 8th International Conference on Modeling Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmsao.2019.8880405.

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Xu, Xiao, Qing Zhao e Ananthram Swami. "Learning from Dissimilarity". In 2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2018.8645546.

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Ouyang, Hua, e Alex Gray. "Learning dissimilarities by ranking". In the 25th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390248.

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Bicego, Manuele. "Dissimilarity Random Forest Clustering". In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm50108.2020.00105.

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Cooper, J., S. Venkatesh e L. Kitchen. "The dissimilarity corner detector". In Fifth International Conference on Advanced Robotics 'Robots in Unstructured Environments. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icar.1991.240450.

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Zhang, Weifeng, e Zengchang Qin. "Dissimilarity measure of logical expressions". In 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2010.5581066.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Dissimilarités":

Oh, Man-Suk, e Adrian Raftery. Model-based Clustering with Dissimilarities: A Bayesian Approach. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dicembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada459759.

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Bubacz, Jacob A., Hana T. Chmielewski, Alexander E. Pape, Andrew J. Depersio, Lee M. Hively, Robert K. Abercrombie e Shane Boone. Phase Space Dissimilarity Measures for Structural Health Monitoring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029952.

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Jones, Robert, Molly Creagar, Michael Musty, Randall Reynolds, Scott Slone e Robyn Barbato. A 𝘬-means analysis of the voltage response of a soil-based microbial fuel cell to an injected military-relevant compound (urea). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45940.

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Biotechnology offers new ways to use biological processes as environmental sensors. For example, in soil microbial fuel cells (MFCs), soil electro-genic microorganisms are recruited to electrodes embedded in soil and produce electricity (measured by voltage) through the breakdown of substrate. Because the voltage produced by the electrogenic microbes is a function of their environment, we hypothesize that the voltage may change in a characteristic manner given environmental disturbances, such as the contamination by exogenous material, in a way that can be modelled and serve as a diagnostic. In this study, we aimed to statistically analyze voltage from soil MFCs injected with urea as a proxy for gross contamination. Specifically, we used 𝘬-means clustering to discern between voltage output before and after the injection of urea. Our results showed that the 𝘬-means algorithm recognized 4–6 distinctive voltage regions, defining unique periods of the MFC voltage that clearly identify pre- and postinjection and other phases of the MFC lifecycle. This demonstrates that 𝘬-means can identify voltage patterns temporally, which could be further improve the sensing capabilities of MFCs by identifying specific regions of dissimilarity in voltage, indicating changes in the environment.

Dahlstedt, Inge, e Henrik Emilsson. Growing apart : Increasing labour market segmentation of EU-13 workers in Sweden. Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM), Malmö University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178774395.

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This article investigates labour market segmentation of EU-13 workers in Sweden. Labour market segmentation is a driver of income differences between natives, EU-15 migrants and EU-13 migrants in many EU member states. There are, however, indications that labour market inequalities as a result of segmentation among EU-13 migrants is less pronounced in Sweden. Previous research, both quantitative and qualitative, has shown surprisingly low levels of labour market segmentation among the employed. The structural differences on the labour market has, instead, been between the employed and unemployed, with a large employment gap between natives and all migrant groups including EU-13 migrants. We address the functional integration in the labour market from a longitudinal perspective, using several quantitative indicators to measure the degree of labour market segmentation. Natives and other migrant groups (EU-15 and refugees) are used as reference groups. Our results shows a low but increasing labour market segmentation among the employed born in EU-13 countries. The dissimilarity between employed natives and EU-13 workers is increasing, especially among men. Men from EU-13 countries is the only category where the occupational position has deteriorated. From having a similar occupational position as EU-15 migrants in 2007, their position in the labour market in 2015 is more similar to the refugee group. This development is driven by a large increase of Polish construction workers on the Swedishlabour market.

Wittberg, Sara. Standardisering för individuell prövning: En kartläggning av kommunala riktlinjer för bistånd till äldreomsorg – funktion och inverkan. Linköping University Electronic Press, agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180752886.

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Cutbacks and austerity measures were in 2019 estimated in a quarter of the Swedish municipalities because of financial deficit. Due to the urbanization the conditions of the municipalities vary, creating different challenges and possibilities to provide for the necessary welfare service such as elder care. Despite a growing population of older people, previous research shows a decline in residential homes since 1980 as well as a decrease in caretakers receiving home help services. According to an inspection of the Health and Social Care Inspectorate (Inspektionen för vård och omsorg) local policy guidelines, for elder care assessment, are being used to reduce the dissimilarities in decision-making within the municipalities and to control the financial costs by adapting criteria and care limits for the needs assessment. Criticism has, by the Swedish Ombudsman, been directed towards the use of municipal guidelines for not complying with the law and case-law. Despite previous research indicating the usage of municipal guidelines in the needs assessment and decision-making process, municipal guidelines are still a relatively unexplored field. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand the role of municipal guidelines, for elder care assessment, with regard to the law and the application of the law as well as the role municipal guidelines play according to politicians. In order to achieve this, the following has been examined: 1) the spread and content of the municipal guidelines, 2) the creation and political motives for establishing the guidelines and 3) how the care managers view their impact on the decision-making process. The methods used are semi-structured interviews, a survey, and a documentation review. The result shows that municipal guidelines are politically established, that they are widely spread and can be found in 274 out of 290 Swedish municipalities. According to the survey the guidelines contain guidance of law, case-law, and the like, as well as criteria and limits for the needs assessment and decision-making of elder care service. The result indicates that the local guidelines compensate for the ambiguity of the Social Services Act (Socialtjänstlagen 2001:453) by reinstating bureaucracy. By limiting the discretion, the guidelines aim to compensate for the lack of competence as well as create certainty and enable political responsibility for the usage of municipal resources as well as accountability between politicians, care managers and citizens. By standardizing, the aim is to achieve equality and legal certainty despite risking the fundamental intentions of the Social Service Act as a framework law designed for individual needs assessment. This study highlights the need to invest necessary resources into creating guidelines in order to make them more accessible, lawful and ensure legal certainty. The conditions, however, vary noteworthy between the municipalities. As a solution, the National Board of Health and Welfare, or some other authority, could be held responsible for developing national guidelines – regularly up to date and based on current law and case-law. In summary, this study shows that municipal guidelines have a widespread impact on the decision-making of care managers. The municipal guidelines thereby have a central role in the application of the law with a noteworthy potential impact on individuals and the help warranted to older people as a consequence.

Svahn, Emma. Faktablad – Resultat från övervakningen av kustfisk – Kvädöfjärden (Egentliga Östersjön) 1989‒2022. Institutionen för akvatiska resurser, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4e98k7nsrq.

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Coastal fish monitoring in the autumn has been conducted in Kvädöfjärden using the gear net series since 1989. The fishing methodology was revised in 2018 and resulted in only one night of fishing per station in contrast to six consecutive nights. Only the first night of fishing over all years has hence been included in the analysis in this report. A survey with Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets was performed for the first time in autumn the same year as the revision and has been executed annually since then. The methodologies are not fully comparable, and has thus been analysed separately in this report. The fish community is described using a set of indicators. Out of the environmental factors measured during monitoring, the water temperature has fluctuated over the years but without any directional trend. There is a decreasing trend in secchi depth in the short time series using Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets but no such trend is seen in the longer time series using the net series. In total, 20 species was caught in the survey using net series and 19 species in the Nordic coastal multimesh gillnet survey. Some species are caught using both gear types but some are unique to the respective method. The results show that there are no trends over time in the coastal fish community regarding the indicators total catch, abundance of mesopredators, abundance of piscivores, abundance of large fish, the number of species caught, diversity index and the mean trophic level of the monitoring catch. Some species in the catches (cod, whiting and burbot) are classified as vulnerable (VU) in the Swedish Red List of species 2020 by the Swedish Species Information Centre at the Swedish University of Agriculture. Vimba bream that also occurs in the catches is classified as near threatened (NT). The most common species in the survey with net series were roach and perch, but in the past few years, ruffe made up a substantial proportion of the catches. Herring is dominating the catch in the surveys with Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets, but roach and perch also constitutes a large proportion of the total catch. European smelt is the only species with an increasing trend over time while perch, white bream, pike and European flounder all have decreasing trends in the net series survey. In the survey with Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets, herring and sprat showed increasing trends over time. The catch of large fish over 30 cm was in general small and mostly comprised of whitefish in both surveys. In the net series survey, roach was also a substantial part of the large fish. European flounder had condition index over the threshold value for good condition in Kvädöfjärden and no trend over time was observed for the index. In conclusion, it can be noted that the coastal fish community in Kvädöfjärden has been relatively stable during the assessed time series, with a few exceptions. In the long time series, European smelt has increased over time and perch, white bream, pike, and European flounder have decreased over time. In the survey with the gear Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets with a considerably shorter time series, sprat and herring showed increasing trends. It can also be noted that whilst there are similarities in catches and indicators between the two fishing gears, the differences in the methodologies is also a factor that most likely can explain a large part of the dissimilarities in results between the gears.