Bibliografie tematiche / Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity"

1

Nalyvaiko, L. I., V. S. Boiko, A. I. Zavgorodniy e O. V. Riabinina. "Testing of domestic disinfectants in veterinary medicine". Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 8, n. 1-2 (10 maggio 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2022-8-1-2-5.

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Abstract (sommario):
In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures against the background of environmental changes , it remains relevant to search for new high effective means for disinfection to prevent infectious diseases. In a short time, drugs should eliminate pathogens, which requires the special approach to the choice of methods and means of disinfection. To carry out effective disinfection, the availability of appropriate drugs is required, but most of them do not meet one or another requirement, namely: some drugs have a high bactericidal effect, but are toxic, others have a high effect, low toxicity, but have a destructive effect on the treated surfaces. For practical veterinary medicine, drugs that provide a complex effect on viruses, bacteria and fungi are of particular interest. As effective disinfectants, including aerosols and electro aerosols, for many bacterial and viral diseases of animals and birds, preparations from the aldehyde group showed a positive result: a formaldehyde solution with an active substance content of 37%, an alkaline formaldehyde solution prepared from paraformaldehyde and 1% sodium hydroxide. However, despite their advantage, these preparations have a number of disadvantages, namely: high toxicity with a pronounced odor, instability of working solutions, selectivity against pathogenic microorganisms, corrosiveness and carcinogenicity. With the constant use of these agents, the microflora develops resistance. In this regard, it remains relevant to create new environmentally friendly disinfectants, taking into account the achievements of domestic and foreign practice, harmless to humans and animals, environmentally safe and available for consumers
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Roy, Adrija, Swayam Pragyan Parida e Vikas Bhatia. "Role of disinfection and hand hygiene: a COVID-19 perspective". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n. 7 (26 giugno 2020): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203025.

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Abstract (sommario):
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted in most instances through respiratory droplets, direct contact with cases, and also through contaminated surfaces/objects. Though the virus survives on environmental surfaces for varied periods, it gets easily inactivated by disinfectants. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the role of surface disinfection and hand disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disinfection with appropriate and recommended physical or chemical disinfectants will not only reduce the spread of the disease but also play a significant part in flattening the curve. Alcohol-based disinfectants and other chemical disinfectants play major roles. Ether, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, other chlorine-containing disinfectants, peracetic acid, chloroform used under appropriate concentrations and techniques are necessary to stop the chain of transmission. Hand disinfection using soap and water or alcohol-based hand rubs are also of equal importance. Irrespective of the importance, the judicious use of disinfectants is also necessary. Therefore, the fastest, easiest, and most effective way to halt or reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 the virus resulting in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through surface disinfection and handwashing with soap and water and its role in the COVID-19 pandemic is highly important.
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Rocha, Patrícia Kuerten, Claire M. Rickard, Ana Cristina Gales, Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero, Gillian Ray-Barruel, Amanda J. Ullman, Camila Biazus Dalcin e Mavilde L. Gonçalves Pedreira. "Disinfection of needleless connectors to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacterial load". British Journal of Nursing 31, n. 19 (27 ottobre 2022): S26—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.19.s26.

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Abstract (sommario):
HIGHLIGHTS Compare effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing S. aureus. Five disinfectants reduced the bacterial load, especially chlorhexidine solutions. Focus on Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection Purpose: This study aimed to gain further knowledge about the comparative effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing the bacterial load of NCs inoculated with S. aureus. Methods: Disinfection of needleless connectors was undertaken in vitro against S. aureus comparing 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 70% ethanol, 0.5% and 2% chlorhexidine in 70% IPA applied with gauze, and 70% IPA single-use cap (Site-Scrub®). Results: All disinfectants reduced the bacterial load (P<0.001), especially the chlorhexidine solutions. Mechanical friction should follow guidelines. Conclusion: This study found that all tested disinfectants effectively reduced the bacterial load and more clinical studies must be developed with a focus on the Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection.
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Nasim, Iffat. "Effectiveness of silver nano particles on root canal disinfection". Bioinformation 17, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2021): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017218.

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Abstract (sommario):
The goal of endodontic treatment is the debridement and removal of the microbial ecosystem associated with the disease process. The need for root canal disinfectants increases especially in those cases where infection is resistant to the regular treatment and the outcome of endodontic therapy is often compromised. Therefore, it is of interest to document the known effectiveness of silver nanoparticle based root canal disinfectants with other root canal disinfectants on microbial load reduction during root canal disinfection. Known data shows that the overall risk of bias for the selected studies was moderate. Silver nanoparticle based root canal disinfectants showed superior reduction of microbial counts in majority of the studies. This data is limited to vitro studies with no clinical information to validate the use of antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles used as root canal disinfectant.
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Bensel, Tobias, Jens J. Bock, Anne Kebernik, Christin Arnold, Sonia Mansour e Arne F. Boeckler. "Effect of Disinfectants on Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Acrylics". International Journal of Biomaterials 2019 (24 aprile 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1096208.

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Objective. Infection control protocols in dentistry dictate that orthodontic acrylics have to be disinfected. No specific products for orthodontic acrylics are available. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical disinfectants on mechanical properties of orthodontic acrylics.Materials and Methods. 260 test specimens of two cold-curing orthodontic acrylics were manufactured. Three chemical disinfecting agents were tested: Impresept, D050 Instru-Gen, and Stammopur DR. Test specimens were stored in distilled water and divided into test groups. E-Modulus, flexural strength, macro hardness, micro hardness, average roughness, and colour change were measured.Results. Disinfection agents showed no significant influence on E-modulus. Values ranged from 1783.80 ± 163.80 MPa (Forestacryl colourless) to 2474.00 ± 135.00 MPa (Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Disinfection agents performed no significant influence on flexural strength. Values ranged from 18.64±1.59 N/mm2(Forestacryl colourless) to 25.64 ± 1.43 N/mm2(Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Orthocryl colourless showed a reduction of the macro hardness after disinfection (Stammopur DR (p≤0.001), D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.037)). Disinfection of Orthocryl green with D050 Instru-Gen (p<0.001) and Forestacryl colourless with Impresept (p≤0.001) led to a reduction of macro hardness. Micro hardness of Orthocryl colourless altered significantly after disinfection with D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.001). Micro hardness of Forestacryl colourless increased (Impresept (p≤0.039)) and decreased (Stammopur DR (p≤0.006) Instru-Gen (p≤0.001)) after disinfection. Average roughness did not change significantly (Orthocryl colourless). Forestacryl colourless performed a significant change after disinfection with Stammopur DR (p≤0.05). This is also true for the disinfection of Orthocryl green and Forestacryl pink with Instru-Gen (p≤0.05). Disinfection performed no significant influence on colour change. ΔE-values were in a range of 1 to 2.Conclusions. Some orthodontic acrylics disinfection caused significant changes of determined parameters. Changes were specific for the applied disinfectant and tested orthodontic acrylic. Further studies should verify the impact of long-term disinfection intervals. Thus, from manufacturers of orthodontic acrylics recommendations for appropriate disinfectants would be desirable.
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Shirai, Junsuke. "Disinfection Against the Outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)". Journal of Disaster Research 7, n. 3 (1 aprile 2012): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0264.

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Abstract (sommario):
Disinfection in cases of the Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus is reviewed, starting with a description of the modes of action against pathogens by representative disinfectants such as chlorine and its derivatives and quaternary ammonium, phenolic, iodine, and aldehyde compounds. The virucidal effect of individual disinfectants is then described and virucidal mechanisms of chlorine and its derivatives and quaternary ammonium and iodine compounds are shown. Disinfectants effective against the FMD virus commercially available in Japan are described and experimental data is shown, followed by a description of cleaning and disinfection of animal facilities after an FMD outbreak.
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Walczak, Katarzyna, Jessica Thiele, Daniel Geisler, Klaus Boening e Mieszko Wieckiewicz. "Effect of Chemical Disinfection on Chitosan Coated PMMA and PETG Surfaces—An In Vitro Study". Polymers 10, n. 5 (16 maggio 2018): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10050536.

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Abstract (sommario):
In oral sciences, chitosan application is of interest due to its antimicrobial and hemostatic activity. Chitosan coating of dentures and other intraoral devices could be beneficial for treatment of denture stomatitis or in the management of postoperative bleeding. Disinfection of dentures and prosthodontic materials is crucial before their use in patients. This study investigated the influence of chemical disinfectants on chitosan-coated surfaces. A total of 100 specimens were made: 50 of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), and 50 of PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified) material and coated with 2% chitosan acetate solution. In each material, 5 groups (10 specimens each) were established and disinfected with Printosept-ID (L1), MD 520 (L2), Silosept (L3), or Dentavon (L4), or stored in distilled water (L0, control group). After disinfection, all specimens underwent abrasion tests (30,000 cycles in a tooth-brushing simulator). Areas without chitosan coating were measured by digital planimetry both before and after the disinfection/abrasion procedure and a damage-score was calculated. Regarding chitosan coating, the statistical analysis showed a significant influence of the disinfectants tested and significant differences between disinfectants (p < 0.05). Chitosan coating was most stable on PMMA and PETG after disinfection with MD 520 (L2). Otherwise, active oxygen containing disinfectants (L3, L4) led to the greatest alterations in the chitosan coating.
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Di Martino, Giuseppina, Salvatore Pasqua, Bruno Douradinha, Francesco Monaco, Chiara Di Bartolo, Pier Giulio Conaldi e Danilo D’Apolito. "Efficacy of Three Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microbial Surfaces’ Contaminations of Pharmaceuticals Hospital Facilities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 2 (18 gennaio 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020779.

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Abstract (sommario):
To evaluate and validate the efficacy of disinfectants used in our cleaning procedure, in order to reduce pharmaceutical hospital surfaces’ contaminations, we tested the action of three commercial disinfectants on small representative samples of the surfaces present in our hospital cleanrooms. These samples (or coupons) were contaminated with selected microorganisms for the validation of the disinfectants. The coupons were sampled before and after disinfection and the microbial load was assessed to calculate the Log10 reduction index. Subsequently, we developed and validated a disinfection procedure on real surfaces inside the cleanrooms intentionally contaminated with microorganisms, using approximately 107–108 total colony forming units per coupon. Our results showed a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy coherent to the acceptance criteria suggested by United States Pharmacopeia 35 <1072>. The correct implementation of our cleaning and disinfection procedure, respecting stipulated concentrations and contact times, led to a reduction of at least 6 Log10 for all microorganisms used. The proposed disinfection procedure reduced the pharmaceutical hospital surfaces’ contaminations, limited the propagation of microorganisms in points adjacent to the disinfected area, and ensured high disinfection and safety levels for operators, patients, and treated surfaces.
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Cerghizan, Diana, Kinga Mária Jánosi, Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea, Oana Popelea, Monica Dora Baloș, Adriana Elena Crăciun, Liana Georgiana Hănțoiu e Aurița Ioana Albu. "The Efficacy of Three Types of Disinfectants on the Microbial Flora from the Surface of Impression Materials Used in Dentistry—In Vitro Study". Applied Sciences 13, n. 2 (13 gennaio 2023): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021097.

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Abstract (sommario):
During impressions, bacteria, viruses, and fungi remain on the impression material, representing a significant risk for the medical team (dentists, dental assistants, and laboratory technicians). Impression disinfectants have been introduced into dentistry to reduce the risk of cross-infection. This study was performed by examining the surface disinfection of five commonly used impression materials in prosthodontics: alginate-Tropicalgin (Zhermack®), condensation silicone-Zetaplus (Zhermack®), Oranwash L (Zhermack®); and addition silicone-Elite HD + Putty Soft (Zhermack®), Elite + Light Body (Zhermack®) after the disinfection with three disinfectants: Zeta 3 Soft (Zhermack®), Zeta 7 Spray (Zhermack®) and Zeta 7 Solution (Zhermack®). Before disinfection, the impression materials were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10213. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the two examined specific disinfectants in reducing cross-infection risk. The surface disinfectant-spray is not adequate for impression disinfection. A high number of bacterial colonies were found on the surface of all impressions disinfected with this spray. The immersion-disinfection method effectively eliminates the risk of cross-infections (Kruskal–Wallis test showed a p < 0.001).
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Grenkova, T. A., A. I. Chizhov, M. P. Gusarova e N. V. Gudova. "Study of the Effectiveness against Test Strain Mycobacterium terrae DSM 43227 of Some Substances Containing Fragment of Phenolic". Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 15, n. 4 (20 agosto 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-4-37-41.

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Abstract (sommario):
Relevance. Multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been an important problem in public health around the world. However, development of effective methods and means of disinfection is now extremely urgent. Phenol is probably the oldest known disinfectant. Disinfectants based on substances containing phenolic practically used in almost every countries of the worldwide for the disinfection of medical devices, surfaces and hand hygiene. Goal. Comparative study of the activity of certain disinfectants containing phenol fragment against the test strain. Materials and methods. Multi-drug-resistant M. terrae, M. avium-intracellulara and M. tuberculosis have similar characteristics of resistance to chemical disinfectants, herefore M. terrae DSM 43227 used as the test strain. We studied five used in Russia for the production of disinfectants and antiseptics. substances containing a phenolic. Results. The disinfectant effect of substances with phenol compounds was detected in lower concentrations (from 0.02% for 2-benzil-4-chlorphenol to 1.0% for ortophenylphenol) than with substances containing glutaraldehyde or chloramine B compounds. Conclusions. Saving disinfecting effectiveness at low concentrations of the active substances in the working solutions can be recommended disinfectants based on phenolic compounds for disinfection measures in the complex of measures for prevention of occurrence and spread of tuberculosis.
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Tesi sul tema "Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity"

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Ranmuthugala, Geethanjali Piyawadani. "Disinfection by-products in drinking water and genotoxic changes in urinary bladder epithelial cells". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011207.110344/index.html.

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Leung, Kai-shing Alex. "Control of disinfection by-products". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41549429.

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梁啟承 e Kai-shing Alex Leung. "Control of disinfection by-products". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41549429.

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Szomolay, Barbara. "Analysis and control of a biofilm disinfection model". Diss., Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/szomolay/SzomolayB1206.pdf.

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Nguyen, Ha Thi. "Effect of transmittance and suspended soils on the efficacy of UV disinfection of bacterial contaminants in water". Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09ash111.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):
Errata pasted onto front end-paper. Bibliography: leaves 113-120. To obtain robust and quantitative data on the influence of UV absorption and suspended solids on UV disinfection an experimental study using commercial disinfection technology was undertaken.
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Whyte, Rebecca Mary. "Changing approaches to disinfection in England, c.1848-1914". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610597.

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Chiruta, Juliana. "Thermal sterilisation kinetics of bacteria as influenced by combined temperature and pH in continuous processing of liquid". Title page, contents and summary only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc5416.pdf.

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Errata sheet has been pasted onto the front end-paper. Bibliography: leaves 208-217. Outlines a systematic synthesis and testing of continual sterilization design. Principal aim is to evaluate and develop mathematical models for sterilization, undertake experimental studies for determining thermal inactivation effects on continuous processing of a liquid containing contaminant bacteria and compare the data obtained with those predicted by a selected model.
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Leung, Wai Kin. "Smart hygienic coating for a healthier living environment /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202007%20LEUNG.

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McFarlane, Margaret R. "Glutaraldehyde hazard assessment and risk control in a hospital setting /". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998mcfarlanem.pdf.

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Castro, Luis Fernando. "Inactivation of Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii using different antimicrobial agents and the effect of sanitizers on biofilm formation properties". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/l_castro_102709.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in food science)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 20, 2010). "School of Food Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).
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Libri sul tema "Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity"

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National Toxicology Program (U.S.). NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of triamterene (CAS no. 396-01-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F mice (feed studies). Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1993.

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M, Peel Margaret, a cura di. Introduction to sterilization and disinfection. Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone, 1986.

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Henry, Linton Alan, Hugo W. B e Russell A. D. 1936-, a cura di. Disinfection in veterinary and farm animal practice. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.

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Hembra, Richard L. EPA lacks assurance that disinfectants kill germs. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Office, 1990.

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Hoffman, P. N. Disinfection in healthcare. 3a ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub., 2004.

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M, Ascenzi Joseph, a cura di. Handbook of disinfectants andantiseptics. New York: M. Dekker, 1996.

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Shōhishabu, Tokyo (Japan). Daidokoroyō, yokushitsuyō gōsei jushi seihin ni shiyōsarete iru kōkin, bōkabizai no shiyō jittai oyobi anzensei no chōsa: Tōkyō-to shōhi seikatsu jōrei 8-jō mōshiide ni kakawaru chōsa. Tōkyō: Tōkyō-to Seikatsu Bunkakyoku Shōhishabu, 1995.

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Shandala, M. G. (Mikhail Georgievich), a cura di. Dezinfekt︠s︡ionnye sredstva: Razreshennye dli︠a︡ primenenii︠a︡ v Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii. Moskva: Rarog, s.d.

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Bull, Richard J. Health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1991.

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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Optimization of UV disinfection. [Denver, Col.]: Awwa Research Foundation and New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 2007.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity"

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Sandle, Tim. "Disinfectants and Biocides". In Disinfection and Decontamination, 7–34. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351217026-2.

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Cotruvo, Joseph. "Disinfection and Chlorine Disinfectants". In Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook, 105–15. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor &: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351110471-5.

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Basrani, Bettina, e Markus Haapasalo. "Topical Disinfectants for Root Canal Irrigation". In Disinfection of Root Canal Systems, 109–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118914014.ch7.

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Krasner, Stuart W., D. M. Owen e J. E. Cromwell. "Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Disinfectants—Disinfection By-Products Rule". In Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter, 10–23. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0649.ch002.

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Zhang, Xiangru, Shinya Echigo, Roger A. Minear e Michael J. Plewa. "Characterization and Comparison of Disinfection By-Products of Four Major Disinfectants". In ACS Symposium Series, 299–314. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0761.ch019.

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"Regulatory Constraints on Disinfectants and Decontamination". In Disinfection and Decontamination, 245–78. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008456-16.

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Sarli, Michael. "Regulatory Constraints on Disinfectants and Decontamination". In Disinfection and Decontamination. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008456.ch12.

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Damani, Nizam. "Disinfection and sterilization". In Manual of Infection Prevention and Control, 95–142. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198815938.003.0005.

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Abstract (sommario):
The chapter on decontamination examines various methods of heat sterilization and chemical disinfection. It outlines how to carry out a risk assessment of contaminated items and equipment based on the Spaulding classification and provides practical guidance on how to decontaminate various items in healthcare facilities. It also discusses how to transport items, clean, disinfect, and sterilize various items and equipment in healthcare facility. It outlines various heat sterilization procedures and gives practical advice on how to maintain various types of sterilizer or autoclave and how to safely store sterile items. Detail is also provided on how to use chemical disinfectants in healthcare facilities and summarizes the use and antimicrobial activity of various disinfectants and antiseptics. This chapter also includes advice on decontamination of endoscopes and maintenance of automatic endoscope reprocessors. It also provides practical advice and summarizes the key points on how to investigate and follow up cases after a failure of decontamination process.
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A. Ikner, Luisa, e Charles P. Gerba. "Antiviral Coatings as Continuously Active Disinfectants". In Disinfection of Viruses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101752.

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Abstract (sommario):
Antimicrobial surfaces and coatings have been available for many decades and have largely been designed to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. Antiviral coatings have become of particular interest more recently during the COVID-19 pandemic as they are designed to act as continuously active disinfectants. The most studied antiviral coatings have been metal-based or are comprised of silane quaternary ammonium formulations. Copper and silver interact directly with proteins and nucleic acids, and influence the production of reactive free radicals. Titanium dioxide acts as a photocatalyst in the presence of water and oxygen to produce free radicals in the presence of UV light or visible light when alloyed with copper or silver. Silane quaternary ammonium formulations can be applied to surfaces using sprays or wipes, and are particularly effective against enveloped viruses. Continuously active disinfectants offer an extra barrier against fomite-mediated transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses to reduce exposure between routine disinfection and cleaning events. To take advantage of this technology, testing methods need to be standardized and the benefits quantified in terms of reduction of virus transmission.
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"Microbiological Testing of Disinfectants and Decontaminants for Critical Surfaces". In Disinfection and Decontamination, 229–44. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008456-15.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Disinfection and disinfectants Carcinogenicity"

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Rozman, Urška, Darja Duh, Mojca Cimerman e Sonja Šostar Turk. "Higiena površin in pripomočkov za večkratno uporabo v domu starejših občanov". In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.60.

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Abstract (sommario):
Biocidal products (disinfectants) are intensively used in nursing homes to control and prevent the spread of microorganisms and healthcare associated infections. We checked the hygiene of the surfaces intended for multiple use and the microbial population present on these surfaces. In three different areas, we noticed the working protocol and the biocidal products in use. The surfaces of the devices were sampled with swabbing before use, after use and after disinfection. Identification and quantification of microorganisms was performed using classical culture methods and MALDI-TOF method. The results showed that some devices were contaminated before use. Of particular concern is the fact that microorganisms remain on the devices even after disinfection in concentrations from 1 to 300 cfu/mL. In complex microbial communities on surfaces and with intensive use of disinfectants, the acquired bacterial resistance to disinfectants can develop, which can consequently lead to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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Strasser, Arnold, Bruce Hale e Edward J. Koval. "Denver Water's System Specific Study for the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule". In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)13.

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Gogol, Elina V., Guzel I. Gumerova e Olga S. Egrova. "Approaches to Assessment and Hazard Identification of Dioxins". In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.021.

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In the Russian practice in the framework of environmental regulation sanitary measurements to assess the toxicity of the objects of the environment, which are based on the determination of standardized components concentrations and comparing them with the limit value, are widely used. But this approach doesn’t allow assessing the degree of biological hazards for organisms. The biotesting method has been considered for assessing the safety of dioxin-like compounds. Dioxins can be formed out of control in the environment. Ultraviolet radiation accelerates the formation of dioxins, as it enhances the ability of a chemical reaction of chlorine. This phenomenon is well known in Russia, where the chlorination is a standard procedure of water treatment and disinfection of drinking water, and control of the content of chlorophenols is an optional procedure. Simulation of the formation of dioxins in the process of chlorination of water, containing phenolic compounds, was carried out. Process of dioxins transformation in living systems to more toxic metabolites has been described. Enzymes that are involved in detoxification of dioxins have been identified. According to the results of bioassay danger of water samples, containing dioxins, is underestimated, since it doesn’t take into account specific features of metabolism of dioxins in living organisms. Under the action of enzymes in the cells the less toxic compounds can be converted into the more toxic in terms of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The system of determination of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor doesn’t account for it. Thus, during determination of danger of xenobiotics in living organisms we should move away from the determination of acute toxicity and focus on the processes that are started by enzyme systems when a toxicant gets into cells of living organisms.
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Vasko, Christopher A., e Christina G. Giannopapa. "Liquid Droplets in Contact With Cold Non-Equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas". In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63629.

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Abstract (sommario):
Recently, cold, non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) and their active chemistry have been extensively investigated to the benefit of a wide array of applications such as biomedical and industrial applications mainly in the area of materials processing and chemical synthesis, amongst many others. In general, these plasmas operate at standard conditions (i.e. 1 atm, 300K), are small (∼ cm) and rather simple to operate in comparison to other plasmas. Their complex chemistry gives rise to a wide array of both stable and transient reactive species: such as O3, H2O2, OH and NOx, next to charged species and (V)UV-radiation. This chemistry is the reason for their wide spread application and has already found many industrial applications from waste water treatment, stain free detergents and industrial scale production of oxidants. In recent years, bactericidal effects of CAPs gained increasing attention for applications such as dermatology, disinfection, dentistry and cancer treatment or stimulated blood coagulation. This paper aims to highlight recent research into new biological applications for complex mission scenarios involving humans in remote locations using CAPs for disinfection, bleaching or wound healing. Results using radiofrequency plasma jets for the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are summarized, highlighting the importance of liquid plasma interactions. Work with such a CAP paved the way for a promising application in the field of biomedical applications presented here. It involves surface barrier discharges which can be used to treat larger surfaces compared to jets. Their physical construction, using floating or contained electrodes, offer a convenient way of controlling electrical current on a large scale, 3D treatment of both conducting and insulating surfaces with minimal heating. These devices may be tailored to specific skin treatments, allowing fast and effective treatment of larger skin surfaces while following the shape of the skin. This might reduce the need for bactericidal agents and would be a valuable application to assist humans in remote locations. These emerging technologies could be essential both for human health care under extreme conditions, as well as for research itself (sterilisation of tools and large areas, etc.). Especially in the absence of abundant resources (antibiotic agents, disinfectants and the like) alternative approaches to support humans in isolated locations have to be developed. Applications based on a good understanding of plasma chemistry would empower health care under extreme conditions to efficiently use and manage in situ resources. Their low mass, compact size, low power consumption and high reliability could make them essential use under extreme conditions.
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