Tesi: "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

1

Radwan, Islam Mohamed Othman. "Fate of Nanomaterials in the Environment: Effects of Particle Size,Capping agent and Surface Cleaning Products on the Stability of Silver Nanomaterials In Colloidal Consumer Products". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin15632953645698.

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2

Pacheco, Da Silva Emilie. "Utilisation à domicile de produits de nettoyage et santé respiratoire – évolution de cet usage, en lien avec la pandémie de COVID-19 – dans trois cohortes françaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR015.

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L'usage à domicile de Produits de Nettoyage et de Désinfection (PND) contenant des irritants et ceux utilisés sous forme de spray est un facteur de risque établi d'asthme. En conséquence, les consommateurs pourraient rechercher des alternatives potentiellement moins nocives et utiliser des lingettes, des produits écologiques ou des produits faits maison. Cependant, aucune étude épidémiologique n'a examiné les effets sur l'asthme associés à l’usage à domicile de ces PND. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'évaluer les associations entre l'usage à domicile de différents PND et l’asthme par des approches transversales et longitudinales. Nos analyses ont porté sur les données de trois cohortes françaises : CONSTANCES, NutriNet-Santé et EGEA, dans lesquelles l'usage à domicile de PND et l'asthme ont été évalués par questionnaires standardisés. Ces travaux de thèse ont confirmé l’augmentation de l’usage de PND pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Nous avons observé qu'un usage hebdomadaire de lingettes et de produits écologiques était associé à l'asthme actuel et à l'asthme non contrôlé (analyses transversales). Cependant, un usage hebdomadaire de produits faits maison n’était pas associé à l’asthme. Un usage hebdomadaire persistant et augmenté d'irritants/sprays ainsi que de produits écologiques était associé à une augmentation du risque de détérioration ou d’incidence de l’asthme (analyses longitudinales). Les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent pour la première fois que l’usage à domicile de lingettes et de produits écologiques est à risque pour l’asthme, alors que l’usage de produits faits maison ne semble pas être délétère pour l’asthme. Pour la prévention primaire et secondaire de l’asthme, d’autres études sont nécessaires afin d’identifier spécifiquement les composés à l’origine de ces effets néfastes sur la santé respiratoire, en particulier ceux contenus dans les produits écologiques
The household use of Disinfectant and Cleaning Products (DCPs) containing irritants, and those used in a spray form is an established asthma risk factor. In consequence, consumers might seek for potentially less harmful alternatives, and turn to wipes, green products or homemade products. However, no epidemiological study investigated the effects on asthma associated with the household use of these DCPs. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the household use of various DCPs and asthma. Our analyses were based on data from three French cohorts: CONSTANCES, NutriNet-Santé, and EGEA, in which household use of DCPs and asthma were assessed using standardized questionnaires. This thesis work confirmed the increased use of DCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed that a weekly use of wipes and green products was associated with current asthma and uncontrolled asthma (cross-sectional analyses). However, a weekly use of homemade products was not associated with current asthma. A persistent and an increased weekly use of both irritants/sprays and green products was associated with a higher risk of deterioration or incidence of asthma (longitudinal analyses). The results of this thesis suggest for the first time that the household use of wipes and green products is at risk for asthma, whereas the use of homemade products did not seem to have an impact on asthma. For asthma primary and secondary prevention, further studies are needed to specifically identify the compounds causing these adverse effects on respiratory health, particularly those contained in green products

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Dumas, Milne Edwards Orianne. "Risques professionnels dans l'asthme". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914719.

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L'importance des facteurs de risque professionnels dans l'asthme est bien établie, mais le rôle de certains agents doit être clarifié. Les objectifs de la thèse sont d'évaluer les liens entre les expositions aux produits de nettoyage et l'asthme, et d'étudier l'impact et la prise en compte du biais du travailleur sain, dans l'étude Epidémiologique des facteurs Génétiques et Environnementaux de l'Asthme (EGEA, 2047 sujets dont 1477 adultes avec des données professionnelles). L'exposition aux produits de nettoyage a été estimée par une expertise et une matrice emploi-exposition. Chez les femmes, l'asthme actuel était associé à l'exposition aux détartrants (OR=2.4 (1.1-5.3)), et aux sprays (2.9 (1.0-8.1)) et à l'ammoniac (3.1 (1.2-7.8)) chez les aides-soignantes. Les détartrants et l'ammoniac sont des irritants. L'exposition aux produits de nettoyage était associée à l'asthme sévère et sans sensibilisation allergique. Deux analyses ont souligné l'importance du biais du travailleur sain dans l'asthme. Un biais de sélection à l'embauche a été observé chez des sujets avec un asthme sévère dans l'enfance. Un modèle marginal structural a permis de prendre en compte le biais du travailleur sain dans l'étude de l'effet des expositions professionnelles sur l'expression clinique de l'asthme au cours de la vie. En plus du rôle d'asthmogènes connus, le rôle d'agents moins bien établis, comprenant des irritants (1.6 (1.0-2.4)) était suggéré. Les résultats sont cohérents avec un rôle des irritants dans l'asthme lié au travail. Ils soutiennent une utilisation plus large d'approches d'analyse causale pour contrôler le biais du travailleur sain dans les études des risques professionnels.

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Jabari, Kohpaei Ahmad. "Chlorine Decay Modelling to Predict Disinfectant and Disinfectant by-Products (DBPs) Formation in Water Distribution System". Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74985.

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The objective of this research project is to understand chlorine decay and formation of disinfectant by-products (DBPs) using existing popular chlorine decay models. Performance of various chlorine decay models for different waters was investigated. Defining main performance criteria, popular models were modified to produce more reliable predictions. Nominated chlorine decay models were compared against defined criteria. Best chlorine decay model was endorsed. Finally, chlorine decay and formation of DBPs in a water distribution system was modelled as a case study.

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5

Ringer, Erin E. "Reduction of trihalomethanes using ultrasound as a disinfectant". Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050307-084016/.

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6

Casas, Ruiz Lidia 1978. "Microbial exposures, cleaning products and child health". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133453.

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Background and aims: The immune, respiratory and central nervous system start developing during pregnancy and continue during the first years of life. Therefore, environmental exposures during these periods may play a role on the maturation of these systems. In particular, the exposure to indoor microbial agents, indoor factors such as pets or dampness, and to household cleaning products during infancy or childhood may have important implications in the development processes. This thesis aims to assess the long term effects of indoor exposure to microbial agents and chemical based cleaning products on respiratory and mental health among children from birth to the age of 13 years old. Methods: We used data from nine European birth cohorts that are part of three projects: the European HITEA project, the Spanish INMA project; and the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohort studies. Information on the exposure to indoor dampness, pet ownership, the use of cleaning products and allergy and respiratory health was periodically collected through questionnaires and health tests. Living room dust samples were collected when the children were 2-3 months and analysed for microbial agents concentrations (bacterial endotoxin, fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp, and mould β(1,3)- glucans). Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between the exposures and the health outcomes. Results: 1) Concentrations of measured microbial agents varied differently across the cohorts. 2) Season of dust sampling, dog ownership, indoor report of dampness, and number of people living in the home is associated with the concentrations of microbial agents. 3) Early life exposure to endotoxin and dogs in the home is associated with lower levels of FeNO at school age. 4) Domestic use of cleaning sprays, air fresheners and solvents during pregnancy is associated with a higher prevalence of wheezing and LRTI during the first year of life. 5) At school age, bystander exposure to domestic cleaning sprays increases the levels of FeNO, and exposure to air freshening sprays and solvents decreases the lung function. 6) Persistent exposure to indoor dampness during early life has negative effects on the cognitive function and social competences at 4 years old. 7) Exposure to visible mould, dampness and pet ownership during the first 10 years of life increases the risk of borderline or abnormal scores in the SDQ at 10 years of age. Conclusion: Our results suggest that indoor exposure to microbial agents during early life and exposure to chemical based cleaning products during pregnancy, infancy and childhood play a role in the development of the respiratory, immune and central nervous systems.
Introducció i objectius: El desenvolupament dels sistemes immunitari, respiratori i nerviós central comença durant l’embaràs i continua al llarg la infància. Així, els primers anys de vida són moments crucials en que qualsevol exposició ambiental pot influir el desenvolupament d’aquests sistemes. Concretament, l’exposició durant la infància a agents microbiològics, humitat, animals de companyia i productes de neteja pot tenir implicacions importants en els processos de maduració d’aquests sistemes. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és el d’avaluar els efectes a llarg termini de la exposició a agents microbiològics i a productes de neteja de base química a la llar, sobre la salut respiratòria i mental des del naixement fins a l’edat de 13 anys. Mètodes: En aquesta tesi hem fet servir dades de nou cohorts de naixement europees que formen part de tres projectes: el projecte europeu HITEA, el projecte espanyol INMA, i els estudis alemanys GINIplus i LISAplus. La informació sobre la exposició a humitat, a animals de companyia, la utilització de productes de neteja, al·lèrgies i salut respiratòria es va recollir en tots els projectes mitjançant qüestionaris administrats als pares/mares i proves mèdiques o tests neuropsicològics. A més, es van recollir mostres de pols dels menjadors de les cases quan els nens/es tenien 2-3 mesos d’edat que es van analitzar per determinar les concentracions d’agents microbiològics (endotoxines bacterianes, polisacàrids extracel·lulars (EPS) d’Aspergillus spp. i Penicillium spp i β(1,3)-glucans fúngics). Per l’avaluació de les associacions entre exposicions i resultats de salut s’han desenvolupat models de regressió múltiple. Resultats: 1) Les concentracions d’agents microbiològics mesurats en pols de les llars varien per cohort. 2) L’estació de l’any en que es recull la mostra de pols, la presència de gossos a la casa, reportar humitat a la casa i el número de persones que hi viuen estan associats amb la concentració d’agents microbiològics a la pols. 3) L’exposició durant els primers mesos de vida a endotoxines i gossos a la llar s’associa amb nivells baixos de FeNO a edat escolar. 4) L’ús d’esprais i dissolvents per la neteja de la casa, i ambientadors durant l’embaràs està relacionat amb un increment en la prevalença de sibilants i infeccions respiratòries de vies baixes al llarg del primer any de vida. 5) En edat escolar, la exposició passiva a productes de neteja domèstics utilitzats en forma d’esprais incrementa els nivells de FeNO, i l’exposició a esprais ambientadors i dissolvents per la neteja de la llar disminueix la funció pulmonar. 6) L’exposició persistent a humitat a la llar durant els 2 primers anys de vida té un efecte negatiu sobre la funció cognitiva i les competències socials mesurades als 4 anys d’edat. 7) L’exposició a fongs procedents de la humitat, a humitat i a animals de companyia a casa al llarg dels primers 10 anys de vida incrementa el risc de puntuacions “borderline” o anormals al questionari SDQ administrat als 10 anys. Conclusió: els resultats presentats en aquesta tesi suggereixen que l’exposició a agents microbiològics durant els primers mesos de vida i l’exposició a productes de neteja durant l’embaràs i la infància juguen un paper important en el desenvolupament dels sistemes respiratori, immunològic i nerviós central.

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7

Farren, Elizabeth Anne. "Reducing trihalomethane concentrations by using chloramines as a disinfectant". Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-095058.

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8

Ouimette, Monique Y. "Cleaning House: Considerations of Ecological Health and Sustainability in the Selection of Household Cleaning Products". Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3054.

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Thesis advisor: Juliet B. Schor
In an era of increasing awareness about the impacts of everyday consumption on ecological sustainability, this study investigates the factors that influence mothers' selection of household cleaning products. The data for this study are from 28 in-depth interviews with mothers who maintain diverse preferences across a cleaning product profile spectrum. Incorporating the concepts of risk, trust, and convenience, the analysis highlights the ways in which considerations of ecological health in relation to cleaning products influence purchasing decisions of some participants but not others. This study contributes to understandings of how consumer practices shift toward environmental sustainability
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology

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9

Chiu, Stephanie. "Efficacy of common disinfectant/cleaning agents in inactivating murine norovirus and feline calicivirus as surrogate viruses for human norovirus". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44029.

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Background/Objectives: Norovirus, a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infection, cannot be propagated in cell culture. Limited information exists on the effectiveness of disinfectants and cleaning agents. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of common types of disinfectants/cleaning agents used in health care facilities in British Columbia on surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (MNV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV). Sodium hypochlorite, accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and a quaternary ammonium compound (QUAT) were assessed. Methods: A virus suspension of known concentration (with or without a soil load) was deposited onto stainless steel discs under wet or dry load conditions and exposed to defined concentrations of the disinfectant/cleaning agent for 1, 5 or 10 minute contact time using the quantitative carrier test (QCT-2) method. Virus inactivation was determined by plaque assay. Results: Sodium hypochlorite at 1350 ppm inactivated MNV-1 after 5 minutes with a ~5.5 to 6.5 log₁₀ reduction, whereas it took twice as long to inactivate the FCV with ~4.6 to 5.6 log₁₀ reduction. After 5 minutes, 2700 ppm of sodium hypochlorite was able to inactivate MNV-1 and FCV. Accel at 35000 ppm AHP inactivated MNV-1 after 10 minutes with a ~5.6 to 6.5 log₁₀ reduction, whereas at 3500 ppm, FCV was inactivated by a ~5 log₁₀ reduction. CaviCide at 2800 ppm QUAT and Virox 5 at 5000 ppm AHP were unable to inactivate MNV-1. T³6 at 2000 ppm QUAT and 70 % ethanol was effective in inactivating MNV-1 with a >6 log₁₀ reduction after 5 minutes, but only resulted in a <3 log₁₀ reduction of FCV after 10 minutes. Conclusions: The results have demonstrated that sodium hypochlorite at 1350 ppm after 10 minutes or 2700 ppm at shorter contact times of 5 minutes was more effective in reducing the viral load of both MNV-1 and FCV on stainless steel surfaces than ready-to-use AHP and QUAT products. Concentrated AHP products were only effective against MNV-1 when used at a concentration of 35000 ppm for 10 minutes. QUATs without ethanol were ineffective against both surrogate viruses and are therefore not indicated for disinfecting environmental surfaces contaminated with norovirus.

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Benjamin, Michael L. "Investigations of Cleaning Product Sprays". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504873614623952.

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Кустовська, Антоніна Дмитрівна, Сергій Віталійович Іванов e Ігор Іванович Марцин. "Application of activated palygorskite in the processes of petroleum products cleaning". Thesis, XI Polish-Ukrainian Sym-posium “Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Interfacial Phenomena and their Technological Appli-cations”. – Krasnobrod – Zamosc: Poland. August 22-26, 2007 - P. 72, 2007. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/28824.

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It has been shown quite recently that natural alumosilicates (clays and zeolites) have high adsorption activity towards water, organic acids, compounds containing sulphur, which are fuels and oils pollutions. Application of natural alumosilicates for this purpose is economically sound, because these minerals have ommensurable properties and are cheaper than synthetic adsorbents; besides, there are large deposits of these minerals in Ukraine.

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12

Midtdal, Krister. "Self-Cleaning Glazing Products: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Research Pathways". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18549.

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Self-cleaning technology is used in a variety of products today, with glazing products being the foremost area of application. However, there are several self-cleaning technologies in use and their self-cleaning efficiency may be unclear. This study aims to give a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the self-cleaning glazing products available on the market today and investigate methods for measuring the self-cleaning effect. Various future research pathways and opportunities for the self-cleaning products of tomorrow are also explored within this study, with emphasis on solar energy application areas such as daylight, solar radiation transmission, electrochromism, building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), solar cell glazing and solar cells in general. Self-cleaning products from several manufacturers that utilize two different self-cleaning technologies of either photocatalytic hydrophilic or hydrophobic capability are presented. The photocatalytic hydrophilic products in question are self-cleaning glazing products ready-to-use when purchased, whilst the presented hydrophobic products are coatings that must be applied to existing glazing products in order to yield a water-repellent and self-cleaning surface. It is stated that the self-cleaning action of the photocatalytic hydrophilic products is evident through 25 to 30 years, even during dry spills, and that they are able to maintain a cleaner surface than ordinary untreated float glass. However, the self- cleaning action of hydrophobic-coated products is limited by a relatively short life expectancy of about 3-4 years, and their self-cleaning performance is found to be feeble compared to ordinary untreated float glass. Nonetheless, the potential for future use of both self-cleaning technologies are apparent, with focus on alternative application areas such as solar cells, BIPV and information display devices, which indeed could benefit from utilizing the self- cleaning technology. Visions for future self-cleaning products are also discussed, which combine self-cleaning abilities with photovoltaism and electrochromism, whereupon the applicability of the self-cleaning technology may be greatly increased.

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Zhang, Linsen. "Air stripping with electromagnetic-vibration enhancement for cleaning up soils contaminated by petroleum products". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60264.pdf.

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14

Khaire, Shraddha. "Development of cleaning procedures of copper corrosion products by using “green” deep eutectic solvents". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28982.

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Abstract: Selection and refinement of a method for copper corrosion removal were undertaken in an environmentally friendly way by using deep eutectic solvents (DES) integrated in a cellulose-based membrane. DES is a potential “green” solvent based on natural compounds. In this thesis, a DES composed of choline chloride and ascorbic acid in a 2:1 ratio, was prepared and used for copper corrosion cleaning. The DES was diluted with water and the DES to water ratio was optimized in terms of efficiency, time consumption, and selectivity of cleaning. It was found that DES solutions, having a concentration higher than 70 wt.% were suitable for dissolving copper corrosion products. Meanwhile, they exhibited a supressed dissolution ability of CaCO3 which is a common compound in many of the supporting structures used for copper artefacts. These solutions were then used for swelling cellulose membranes, and the swelling capacity was monitored for a week. The swollen membrane was put on an electrochemically corroded copper sheet for 24 hours. By removing the membrane, the green malachite layer was successfully removed from the copper sheet while preserving a reddish-brown cuprite layer. This was confirmed by performing X-ray diffraction analysis before and after cleaning the copper sample. For heritage objects, the defacing copper corrosion products of Cu (II) need to be removed apart from protective layer of cuprite. We concluded that the cellulose membranes containing DES solutions are promising materials for this purpose.

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Gephart, Jessica A. "An analysis of green advertising for food and household cleaning products from 1960-2008". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1303478521.

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Mion, Ligiani. "Avaliação de coliformes totais residuais em creches de suínos após lavagem, desinfecção e vazio sanitário". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158085.

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A colonização por micro-organismos patogênicos em creches de suínos é um fator importante na disseminação de doenças e surtos no rebanho. O controle desses patógenos se dá principalmente por medidas de biosseguridade, como a prática da limpeza, desinfecção e vazio sanitário das instalações. O presente estudo avaliou a carga bacteriana após o processo de limpeza e desinfecção, durante o período de 3 dias de vazio sanitário, em duas creches de suínos, pelo uso de placas de contato com meio seletivo para coliformes totais. As contagens bacterianas foram analisadas considerando três fatores (água, detergente e desinfetante) em dois níveis para cada (água: fria/quente, detergente e desinfetante: presença/ausência). Foram usadas 4 baias em cada tratamento, 4 pontos de cada baia e cada ponto foi amostrado em triplicata. Foi feita a média de crescimento bacteriano das 3 placas e pontuada em escala de 5 escores. Após limpeza e desinfecção, no primeiro dia de vazio sanitário, houve efeito da interação da água com o detergente (P<0,05), em que o uso do detergente aumentou a chance de diminuir a contaminação quando usado com água quente, mas não com água fria. Na ausência de detergente, a água fria foi mais eficaz em reduzir a contaminação do que a água quente. Houve, também, efeito da interação do detergente com o desinfetante (P<0,05), em que a presença de ambos foi mais eficaz em reduzir a contaminação do que na sua ausência ou quando apenas um dos dois foi utilizado. No terceiro dia, foi verificado que a ausência de desinfetante diminuiu a chance de reduzir a contaminação (P < 0,0001) em comparação com o uso de detergente. A água quente não representou ganho adicional quando comparada a água fria. As evidências aqui observadas reiteram a importância da lavagem, desinfecção e vazio sanitário na redução da carga bacteriana em creche de suínos. A metodologia usada no presente trabalho pode servir como um sistema simples de monitoria dos processos de lavagem e desinfecção de instalações usadas para criação de suínos.
The colonization by pathogenic microorganisms in nursery pig units is an important factor in the spread and outbreaks of diseases in the herds. Pathogens are mainly controlled by biosecurity measures, such as cleaning, disinfection and downtime on facilities. The present study evaluated the bacterial load after the cleaning and disinfection process, during the three days of vacancy, in two pig nurseries, by the use of contact plates selective for enterobacteria. Data were analyzed considering three factors (water, detergent and disinfectant) in two levels (water: cold / hot, detergent and disinfectant: presence / absence). Were used 4 pen for each treatment, and 3 plates for 4 points of the pen. A mean of the 3 bacterial growths was calculated and scored on a 5 point scale. After cleaning and disinfection, there was no detergent - water effect (P <0.05) with cold water. In the absence of detergent, cold water was more effective in reducing contamination than hot water. There was also an effect of the interaction of detergent and disinfectant (P <0.05), where a presence of both was more effective in reducing contamination than in its absence or when only one was used. On the third day, it was found that the absence of disinfectant decreased a chance of reducing contamination (P <0.0001) when compared with the use of detergent. Addition of detergent decreased the chance of contamination when combined with disinfectant, as detergent helps in removing dirt and exposes bacteria which were protected by organic matter and biofilms. The use of hot water did not how advantage when compared with cold water. As there was a fall on contamination between the 1st and 3rd day, the time of action of the disinfectant must be considered to calculate the time of vacancy to permit the action on surviving microorganisms. The results of the present work reinforce the importance of cleaning, disinfection and downtime to reduce bacterial load in swine nurseries. The methodology used in this work may serve as a practical system for monitoring cleaning and disinfection of pig facilities.

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Correia, Luís Miguel Martins Crucho Santana. "Orientações de higienização na produção primária de leite e indústria dos lacticínios". Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1130.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Ao longo dos tempos, o cuidado empregue na higienização dos alimentos revelou-se fundamental para a saúde e bem-estar dos consumidores. O conhecimento do modo como a sujidade e os resíduos, provenientes da manipulação dos alimentos, interagem com os detergentes e diversas soluções de limpeza, é determinante para um correcto planeamento da limpeza e da desinfecção, e sobretudo, para a optimização do resultado final. O leite é um alimento que se apresenta enraizado na cultura portuguesa e constitui a grande matéria-prima para o fabrico dos diversos lacticínios. As suas características próprias requerem que os responsáveis pelo planeamento e execução da higienização das diversas superfícies e equipamentos tenham presentes as diferentes alternativas existentes para a correcta execução destes procedimentos. Os produtores de leite deverão estar conscientes de que a higiene do leite depende da higiene de toda a exploração, da saúde e bem-estar dos animais, e não apenas das condições em que se encontram a sala de ordenha, as instalações adjacentes e do modo como a ordenha é realizada. A indústria dos lacticínios requer um elevado padrão de higiene, que apenas permite o seu cumprimento recorrendo aos melhores e mais recentes métodos de higienização, em conjunto com uma intervenção activa por parte dos técnicos responsáveis. A utilização dos actuais métodos de limpeza Cleaning in Place (CIP) e Open Plant Cleaning (OPC), bem como dos diversos detergentes e produtos comerciais com formulações muito específicas, permite a obtenção de elevados níveis de higiene, uma elevada reprodutibilidade das operações de limpeza e desinfecção, possibilitando em muitos casos a redução dos custos relacionados com estes procedimentos. Em conclusão, higiene é um factor preponderante e decisivo para o sucesso da produção primária de leite e da indústria responsável pela sua transformação.
ABSTRACT - Over time, the importance given to food hygiene has proven to be fundamental to the health and welfare of consumers. Knowledge of how dirt and waste, generated while handling food, interact with detergents and various cleaning solutions is crucial for the proper planning of cleaning and disinfection and above all to optimize the final result. Milk is a product that is rooted in the Portuguese culture and is the major raw material used in the production of various dairy products. Its characteristics require that those responsible for planning and implementing cleaning procedures are aware of the various surfaces and equipment options available in such a way that the best implementation of procedures can be achieved. The milk producers should be aware that the hygiene of milk depends on the hygiene of the whole farm, health and welfare of the animals and not only the conditions of the milking room and adjacent areas. In order to comply with a high standard of hygiene the milk industry requires the latest and best methods of cleaning alongside an active intervention by the technician responsible. Current methods such as Cleaning in Place (CIP) and Open Plant Cleaning (OPC) and tailor made detergents and commercial products permit high hygiene levels. In addition, reproducibility of results is also high when reusing these methods and in many cases overall costs can be reduced. To summarize, the hygiene is a dominant and decisive factor for the success of primary and secondary production of milk.

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Ali, Aftab H. M. "Genotoxicity of haloacetic acids, aspirin and ibuprofen in human cells : genotoxic effects of water disinfectant by-products in human blood and sperm and bulk and nano forms of aspirin and ibuprofen in human blood of respiratory disease patients". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14626.

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This project focuses on two important topics which may pose hazards to human health. Firstly, drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are generated by the chemical disinfection of water have been investigated. What has not been shown is the effect of DBPs in human germ cells as well as somatic cells and whether oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of genotoxic action. Three different DBPs (halo acetic acids: HAAs), together with the antioxidants – catalase and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), were investigated in peripheral blood cells and sperm from healthy individuals using the Comet assay and lymphocytes only using the micronucleus assay. Secondly, nanoparticles of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin and ibuprofen, have been investigated in patients with respiratory diseases, in the micronucleus assay and the Comet repair assay. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase enzyme activity, which plays part in tumour progression. In the Comet assay, BHA and catalase were able to reduce DNA damage in both cell types compared to HAAs alone. Similarly, in the micronucleus assay, micronuclei were reduced with the antioxidants, suggesting oxygen radical involvement in both assays. With the NSAIDs, reductions were seen for DNA damage in the micronucleus assay with aspirin and ibuprofen nanoparticles compared to their bulk forms. Using the Comet repair assay, aspirin and ibuprofen nanoparticles aided repair of DNA to a greater extent than their bulk counterparts, which in turn showed better repair compared to samples repaired without NSAIDs. These observations show the importance of DBPs and NSAIDs in genotoxic public health issues.

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19

Kadewa, Wilfred William. "Small-scale constructed wetland for onsite light grey water treatment and recycling". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4572.

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This study focused on the investigation of the impact of household cleaning and personal care products on the quality of grey water and the assessment and optimisation of grey water treatment by a novel constructed wetland design. The prototype wetland design which comprised three-stage cascading beds (0.27 m 2 by 0.20 m deep) with sand media, (d10: 1.0 mm and d90: 4.0 mm) was tested for treatment performance to meet non-potable reuse standards in three versions, unplanted open beds, unplanted covered beds, and planted beds (comprising mixtures of Iris pseudacorus, Iris chrysographes, Carex elata Aurea and Mentha aquatica). The prototypes were benchmarked against a standard single-pass wetland (6 m 2 by 0.7 m) planted with Phragmites australis. Performance was measured in terms of removal of conventional water quality determinant parameters, as well as Total coliforms and E coli, and surfactants. Microbial dynamics were also monitored during the study by looking at variations in microbial compositions with time for the different wetlands. All the wetland versions effectively removed more than 98 % turbidity and organics meeting the most stringent reuse wastewater reuse standards of < 2.0 NTU and < 10 mg BOD5/L respectively. The influent grey water had low BOD:COD ratio ranging from 0.27 – 0.45, which is indicative of low biodegradability. The comparison of the cascade wetland performances showed the following: open beds > planted = covered, with the open beds version meeting reuse standards virtually throughout the monitoring period, despite recurrence of schmutsdecke in the top bed. All wetland technologies supported viable populations of microorganisms. Only phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of lower carbon chain length (< C20) had concentrations greater than 1 mol %, in all the wetlands beds, confirming that the majority of the PLFAs in the media were from contribution of microbial organisms and not plant organic matter. Characterisation of microbial organisms was carried out to understand the constructed wetlands functioning and thus the treatment processes. The household products showed nutrient deficiency signifying low treatability. Product branding did not show correlation with any water quality parameters. In terms of toxicity, laundry and cleaning products were more inhibiting to soil microorganisms than were personal care products.

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Magnusson, Madeleine. "Bacillus cereus in the housing environment of dairy cows : contamination routes, effect of teat-cleaning, and measures to improve hygiene in the cubicles and alleys /". Alnarp : Dept. of Rural Buildings and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200742.pdf.

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21

Angulo, Shadia. "Emissions of terpenes from the use of essential-oil-based household products under realisatic condition : impact on indoor air quality". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0023.

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Les huiles essentielles, en tant que parfums naturels, sont fréquemment utilisées dans les produits ménagers et les désodorisants commercialisés comme verts. Cependant, elles contiennent des espèces chimiques volatiles et réactives. Ce travail de synthèse vise à renseigner les émissions de produits ménagers à base d’huiles essentielles à travers des protocoles de mise en œuvre et d’usages réels afin d’évaluer leurs impacts sur la qualité de l’air intérieur. L’approche expérimentale a permis l’étude des émissions en terpènes de 10 produits à base des huiles essentielles au sein des chambres expérimentales de différents volumes : depuis les micro-chambres d’émission jusqu’à une pièce expérimentale de 40 m3.Concernant les produits de nettoyage à base d’huiles essentielles, des niveaux de concentration contrastés sont mis en évidence pour les terpènes émis en fonction du protocole d’application et de l’usage du produit. Par ailleurs, une augmentation des niveaux de formaldéhyde peut être observée après l’application de certains produits, suggérant des sources secondaires pour ce COV. Concernant la diffusion d’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé, des niveaux de concentrations et de cinétiques d’émissions contrastés ont été mis en évidence en fonction du mécanisme de diffusion utilisé. Les concentrations en terpènes peuvent dépasser de plus d’un ordre de grandeur les niveaux critiques d’exposition recommandés. Il est montré que les contributions individuelles des terpènes émis varient tout au long du processus de diffusion quel que soit le mode de diffusion. Les produits ménagers à base d’huiles essentielles doivent donc être envisagés comme des sources significatives et variables de COV puisqu’ils peuvent induire des concentrations en terpènes en air intérieur dépassant les limites d’exposition établies par les Etats-Unis et l’Union Européenne
Essential oils, as natural fragances, are frequently used in green marketed housecleaning products and air fresheners. Nonetheless, they contain volatile and reactive chemical species. This thesis investigates the emissions of essential-oil-based household products under real consumer use patterns to assess their impacts on indoor air quality. The experimental approach allows an integrated assessment of the estimation of the terpene emissions from 10 selected essential-oil-based household products in experimental chambers at different scales ; from micro-chamber to the 40m3 experimental room. Regarding essential-oil-based cleaning products, contrasted concentration levels are evidenced for terpenes species related to the application process and use purpose of these products. Morover, long-term increase of formaldehyde concentrations are noticed after the application of these products that might be related to secondary sources. Concerning the indoor diffusion of tea tree oil, contrasted concentration levels and kinetics are evidenced depending on the mechanism of diffusion used. Concentrations can exceed by more than one order of magnitude the recommanded Critical Exposure Level (CEL). It is noticed that the relative contribtions of individual terpenes is the gas phase vary all along the diffusion process, for any investigated diffusion device. Finally, essential-oil-based household products have to be seriously envisaged as versatile anfdsignificant sources of VOCs since they might induce indoor concentrations of terpenes exceeding exposure limits established by the European Union and the United States

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Hinostroza, Acosta Ana Sofia, Alegria Katherine Renee Leia Jaimes, Nieves Carol Elizabeth Chue, Serrano Jacqueline Vasquez e Mendoza Ismael Agustin Burga. "Plan de negocios para la introducción de un limpiador desinfectante multiusos eco amigable". Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/631320.

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La presente investigación evalúa la factibilidad y viabilidad de un nuevo producto Limpiador Desinfectante multiusos eco amigable. Según el Estudio Global (2017) sobre Limpieza del Hogar en el Perú, los peruanos hacen limpieza en sus hogares, en su gran mayoría, diaria; seguido de semanal y, en menor cantidad, de frecuencia mensual. Tanto hombres y mujeres comparten responsabilidad en la limpieza del hogar y más de la mitad de los hogares del segmento alto medio realizan sus compras en supermercados. En este sentido, los usuarios emplean productos especializados para la limpieza y desinfección que no son Eco amigables. Ante ello, y en base a nuestro estudio, se encontró que si desean adquirirlo. Para validar la idea de negocio se realizó una encuesta cuantitativa. La fuente primaria estuvo conformada por 269 encuestas que, según el análisis de los resultados, se concluye que el desarrollo de Green Spartan es viable. Con ello, la propuesta de valor es atractiva para el público objetivo. Además, según el precio de fabricación del producto, permite tener un margen de ganancia sobre el precio de venta indicado por nuestro público objetivo. Como propuesta de valor, el Limpiador desinfectante ecológico será el único en el mercado capaz de limpiar y desinfectar en un solo paso. Asimismo, es biodegradable, seguro para la familia y el planeta. Vale agregar, que se encuentra elaborado con componentes que no generan desechos contaminantes. Como beneficios racionales, los usuarios experimentan que sus necesidades de limpieza pueden ser cubiertas con un limpiador desinfectante ecológico eficiente y, a su vez, tienen la seguridad de que no causa daño a su familia ni al medio ambiente. Como beneficios emocionales, los usuarios perciben una sensación de bienestar y compromiso social con el planeta. Ante ello, son conscientes que, al usar el producto de limpieza sin causar daño, contribuyen positivamente al mundo y a su hogar. Finalmente, dentro del análisis financiero y en base a nuestra proyección de ventas (calculada para lograr una cobertura del 10% del mercado meta) vemos que, al tener la capacidad instalada y no tener la necesidad de un apalancamiento, se logra una TIR de 84% cuando el COK de la empresa es de 10.8%. De igual manera, en el escenario pesimista logramos ver que la TIR es superior al COK. Además, el VPN del lanzamiento del producto con el 10% de mercado es de S/. 2,839,805.84. Por ello, el lanzamiento del mismo es bastante atractivo para Spartan Chemical.
In this Thesis assesses the feasibility and feasibility of the introduction of a new product Eco-friendly Multi-purpose Disinfectant Cleaner. According to the Global Study on Household Cleaning in Peru, the frequency with which Peruvians clean their homes is mostly daily; followed by weekly and in smaller quantity with a monthly frequency. Both men and women share responsibility in cleaning the home and more than half of the households in the upper middle segment make purchases in supermarkets. These users use specialized products for cleaning and disinfection that are not Eco friendly and based on our study, we have found that if they want to acquire it. To validate the business idea, a quantitative survey was carried out, the primary source was made up of 269 surveys that, according to the analysis of the results, we can conclude that the development of Green Spartan is viable, since the value proposition is attractive to the target audience in addition, the manufacturing price of the product allows us to have a profit margin over the sales price indicated by our target audience. As a value proposition, our ecological disinfectant cleaner is the only one in the market capable of cleaning and disinfecting in one step. It is biodegradable, safe for the family and the planet. In addition, it is made with components that do not generate polluting waste. As rational benefits, users experience that their cleaning needs can be met with an efficient ecological disinfectant cleaner and at the same time they are sure that it does not harm their family and the environment. As emotional benefits users perceive a sense of well-being and social commitment to the planet, they are aware that using a product that cleans and disinfects without causing harm positively contributes to the world and your home. In the financial analysis we see that, based on our sales projection, calculated to achieve a coverage of 10% of the target market, we see that having the installed capacity and not having the need for leverage, we achieve an TIR of 84%, When the company's COK is 10.8%, in the same way in the pessimistic scenario we can see that the TIR is higher than the COK, the VPN of the product launch with the 10% market is S /. 2,839,805.84, its launch is quite attractive for Spartan Chemical.
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Tratsch, Mauricio Vicente Motta. "GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS EM UMA INDÚSTRIA DE PRODUTOS DE LIMPEZA". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8147.

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Environmental management with the managing of waste and other environmental aspects are basic tools in order to a positive environmental performance is achieved. This study outlines how to propose a model of environmental management for a Cleaning Industry of Santa Maria. The methodology used was an exploratory qualitative research literature, in technical case study. Data collection took place spot through systematic observation as well as individual assisted by the staff. An initial environmental assessment was made including the following items: laws and applicable environmental regulations, aspects and environmental impacts and reverse engineering of incidents, including the environmental liabilitiy. Thus, suggestions and proposals have been established, the creation of an environmental policy for industry; indicators to quantify and study the techniques, reagents and solutions used, action plans and a program of security management. Thus, this proposal would bring a framework both environmental and security industry and serve as a model-based management to other industries in the sector, resulting in benefits to stakeholders and society.
A gestão ambiental com o gerenciamento dos resíduos e outros aspectos ambientais constituem ferramentas básicas para que um desempenho positivo seja atingido. Esse estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de gestão ambiental para uma Indústria de Produtos de Limpeza de Santa Maria. A metodologia utilizada foi de pesquisa exploratória qualitativa com investigação bibliográfica, com técnica de estudo de caso. A coleta de dados se deu in locu por meio de observação assistemática individual como também assistida pelos funcionários. Foi feito uma avaliação ambiental inicial contemplando os seguintes itens: legislação e regulamentações ambientais aplicáveis, aspectos e impactos ambientais e retroanálise de incidentes, incluindo passivo ambiental. Com isso, sugestões e propostas foram estabelecidas, como a criação de política ambiental para indústria; indicadores como a quantificação e estudo das técnicas de produção, reagentes e soluções utilizadas; planos de ação como um programa de gerenciamento de segurança. Assim, este trabalho faz um enquadramento tanto ambiental como de segurança da indústria e servir como um modelo base de gestão a outras indústrias do setor, originando benefícios aos envolvidos e a sociedade.

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Dušanka, Pejčić. "Model procene uticaja hemijskih toksičnih supstanci poreklom iz higijenskih sredstava na životnu sredinu". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101404&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru disertacije izvršena je identifikacijaključnih hemijskih toksiĉnih supstanci poreklom izhigijenskih sredstava i njihove ambalaţe na životnusredinu. Spektrofotometrijskom metodom izvršenaje analiza sadržaja fosfora u praškastim detergentima,komunalnim otpadnim vodama Niškogkanalizacionog sistema i u reci Nišavi. Nakonproračuna sadržaja fosfora izvršena je procenakoličine ukupnog fosfora generisanog iz higijenskihsredstava, a koji moţe da ima izrazito negativanuticaj na životnu sredinu. Teorijska saznanja ieksperimentalni podaci omogućuju optimalno upravljanjehemijskim toksičnim supstancama iz higijenskihsredstava u skladu sa važećim zakonskimpropisima i dostignutim naučnim saznanjima.
This dissertation presents the identification of keytoxic chemicals originating from hygiene andcleaning products and their packaging and theassessment of their environmental impact. Theresearch involves a spectrophotometric analysis ofphosphorus content in powder detergents, inmunicipal sewage from the City of Niš sanitarysewer, and in the Nišava river. Calculation ofphosphorus content is followed by the assessment ofthe total amount of phosphorus generated fromhygiene and cleaning products, which can haveconsiderably negative environmental impact.Theoretical findings and experimental data allowoptimal management of toxic chemicals fromhygiene and cleaning products in compliance withcurrent legislation and scientific knowledge.

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Baca, Uriarte Carol Gicel, Corro Javier Duilio Botetano, Fasanando Marco Antonio Isla e Ponce Juan Carlos Ramirez. "Plan de negocio para la introducción de una nueva marca de guantes de jebe de uso doméstico en el canal tradicional en Lima Metropolitana". Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655803.

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El presente Plan De Negocio Para La Introducción De Guantes De Jebe De Uso Doméstico En El Canal Tradicional En Lima Metropolitana nace a partir de haber identificado una brecha entre la penetración de los principales productos para la limpieza del hogar que maltratan las manos por el contacto directo y la penetración de los guantes de jebe como elemento protector en los hogares peruanos. Esta menor penetración de los guantes brinda una oportunidad de comercialización buscando alcanzar la penetración que tienen productos como los detergentes, lejías y limpiadores. Un catalizador relevante que contribuye con la idea de este negocio es la actual crisis sanitaria debido al COVID-19 pues tiene un impacto directo en los hábitos de su consumo. Nos concentramos en el canal tradicional que concentra el 60% de la venta de productos de esta categoría, para llegar a través de distribuidores especializados a los consumidores del NSE C que representan 1,234,250 hogares, en donde tenemos la expectativa de vender 4’800,000 pares de guantes aproximadamente por año. Nuestra estrategia es la diferenciación en el producto ofreciendo guantes de jebe de calidad a un precio competitivo que serán importados directamente de un fabricante en la región, resaltando en nuestra comunicación la importancia de la higiene, la salud y el cuidado de las manos. En cuanto al análisis financiero para este proyecto hemos determinado su factibilidad ya que hemos obtenido una tasa interna de retorno del 31% y un valor actual neto de S/ 426,322.59.
This Business Plan for the Introduction of Rubber Gloves for Domestic Use in the Traditional Channel in Metropolitan Lima was born from the identification of a gap between the penetration of the main household cleaning products that mistreat the hands by direct contact and the penetration of rubber gloves as a protective element in Peruvian homes. This lower glove penetration provides a marketing opportunity seeking to achieve the penetration that products such as detergents, bleaches and cleaners have. A relevant catalyst that contributes to the idea of this business is the current health crisis due to COVID-19, since it has a direct impact on consumption habits. We focus on the traditional channel that concentrates 60% of the sale of products in this category, to reach 1,234,250 households of NSE C through specialized distributors, our expectation is to sell 4'800,000 pairs of gloves approximately per year. Our strategy is product differentiation by offering quality rubber gloves at a competitive price that will be imported directly from a manufacturer in the region, highlighting in our communication the importance of hygiene, health and hand care. Regarding the financial analysis for this project, we have determined its feasibility since we have obtained an internal rate of return of 31% and a net present value of S / 426,322.59.
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26

Tůmová, Klára. "Stanovení tenzidů metodou kapilární zónové elektroforézy". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217164.

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Surfactans are synthetically made surface-active ingredients contained in washing and cleaning products. They decrease the surface tension and remove dirt. Surfactans can be divided into four basic classes: anionic, cationic, non-inonic and ampholitic. The most commonly used are the anionic ones. Thanks to the massive use they penetrate into waste water and can disturb the environment. This thesis is focused on the optimization methods and the determination of three anionic surfactants by capillary zone electrophoresis.

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Quinot, Catherine. "Épidémiologie de l'asthme lié au travail : évaluation des expositions professionnelles et leurs associations avec la maladie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV079/document.

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Actuellement, l’asthme est la 1ère maladie professionnelle respiratoire. L’utilisation de produits de nettoyage et de désinfection est un facteur de risque émergent de l’asthme lié au travail, surtout dans le secteur de la santé. Cependant, les produits spécifiques en cause dans l’asthme restent à identifier. L’évaluation de l’exposition professionnelle aux produits de nettoyage et de désinfection est difficile dans les études épidémiologiques. De plus, le biais du travailleur sain (HWE) est important à considérer dans les études épidémiologiques sur l’asthme lié au travail.L’objectif de la thèse comportait deux aspects : 1) un aspect méthodologique visant à améliorer l’évaluation des expositions professionnelles aux produits de nettoyage et de désinfection en développant des méthodes novatrices ; 2) un aspect étiologique visant à estimer le rôle des expositions professionnelles dans le contrôle de l’asthme en prenant en compte un potentiel HWE.Tout d’abord, des matrices emplois-expositions (MEE) et emplois-tâches¬-expositions (METE) ont été développées via les données de femmes non-asthmatiques tirées au sort dans une cohorte prospective d’infirmières américaine (NHSII : Nurse’s Health Study II). Puis, une méthode d’évaluation des expositions professionnelles aux produits de nettoyage et de désinfection utilisant une application smartphone scannant les codes-barres de produits et une base de données (BDD) a été développée. L’étude du rôle des expositions professionnelles aux produits de nettoyage et de désinfection dans le contrôle de l’asthme a été réalisée dans l’étude Épidémiologique des facteurs Génétiques et Environnementaux de l'Asthme disposant de données longitudinales détaillées sur l’histoire professionnelle et les phénotypes d’asthme. Afin de prendre en compte un potentiel HWE, un modèle marginal structural (MMS) a été appliqué.Une hétérogénéité de l’estimation des expositions par les MEE et METE était observée dans la plupart des métiers infirmiers, sauf pour les infirmières exerçant aux urgences et dans l’administration/la formation. Nous avons montré que la METE était plus adaptée que la MEE pour estimer les expositions, en particulier pour les métiers infirmiers ayant des tâches hétérogènes. Via l’application, 126 produits ont été recueillis auprès de 14 personnels hospitaliers de l’étude pilote, et des informations sur les composés étaient disponibles pour tous les produits via la BDD associée. Cette étude a montré que ce nouvel outil était simple à mettre en place, facile et rapide à utiliser pour les participants, et permettait d’évaluer de façon précise les expositions aux différentes substances. Ces résultats confirment la faisabilité et l’intérêt de cette méthode et suggèrent son déploiement dans les études épidémiologiques. Dans la partie étiologique, nous avons observé la présence d’un HWE dans notre échantillon d’étude. Malgré la prise en compte de ce HWE en utilisant un MMS, les résultats des associations ne permettaient pas de conclure sur le rôle des expositions professionnelles dans le contrôle de l’asthme
Currently, asthma is the first occupational respiratory disease. The use of disinfectants and cleaning products has been identified as an emerging risk factor for work-related asthma, especially in the healthcare industry. However, identifying the specific products at risk for asthma remains challenging, partly because assessment of occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products is difficult in epidemiological studies and needs improvement. Moreover, taking into account possible healthy worker effect (HWE) is essential in work-related asthma study.The aims of the thesis were to improve the methods for assessment of occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products by developing new methods; and to study the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products and asthma control taking into account a possible HWE.First, job-exposure (JEM) and job-task-exposure matrices (JTEM) have been created using data from a random sample of women without asthma from a large prospective cohort of US nurses (NHSII: Nurse’s Health Study II). Second a new assessment method using a smartphone application with a barcode scanner and a database was designed to evaluate occupational exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products. The study of the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products and asthma control has used data from the French Epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma. Longitudinal data were available on occupational history and asthma phenotypes. To control for a possible HWE, a marginal structural model (MSM) was used.For the first part, JEM and JTEM exposure estimates were heterogeneous in most nursing jobs, except in emergency room and education/administration. The JTEM may provide more accurate estimates than the JEM, especially for nursing jobs with heterogeneous tasks. Through the smartphone application, 126 products were registered for 14 hospital workers of the pilot study. Information on components was available for all products in the database. The method developed is feasible and applicable to larger epidemiological studies. In the etiological part, a HWE was observed in the study sample. Even after controlling for a HWE, results did not allow concluding on the association between occupational exposures and control of asthma

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Raneri, Simona. "Complex Pore Geometries in Natural Building Stones: an experimental and theoretical approach for the modeling of porosity changes in natural, degraded and treated calcarenites". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4021.

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Calcarenites are the most widely used natural stones in Sicily as building materials. The comprehension of the degradation style of these natural building stone is of great interest in order to preserve the ancient masonry, especially in the case of relevant Cultural Heritages. A large number of Sicilian monuments are included in UNESCO Heritage List as their special cultural or physical significance. Considering the cultural importance of these ones, smart solutions are required in the perspective of their conservation. In the framework of restoration actions, the complete knowledge of the internal structure of building stones is fundamental in order to estimate durability and prevent degradation processes. Salt growth is a significant cause of damage for natural stones. The effects of the salt weathering are, in addition to the properties of the salt itself and the climatic conditions, strongly related to the structural and textural features of materials. For this reason, an integrate study on petrographic, physical, mechanical and porosimetric proprieties changes due to salts crystallization could be useful to highlight correlation among textural, structural and engineering parameters. Moreover, one of the main problems in conservation field is the use of suitable consolidant and protective treatments able to preserve the masonry, being compatible with the stone substrate and not affecting its aesthetical proprieties. There are numerous tests able to verify the efficiency of consolidant or protective products, mainly devoted to verify their ability to not modify the appearance of stone and its physical proprieties, especially against water; however, particularly in the case of consolidant, one of the most important feature is related to its penetration depth, often difficult to evaluate by using the standard test routines. For aforementioned, this research work is devoted to apply a multi-methodological approach for characterizing and modeling pore structure modifications due to weathering processes in a coarse grained Sicilian calcarenite used as building and replace stones in Sicilian Cultural Heritages (Sabucina Stone), also through fractal models and innovative and non invasive methods. The obtained data on Sabucina stone have been employed for planning conservative treatments devoted to coarse grained calcarenite substrates. Therefore, innovative nanostructured and hybrid consolidant and protective products have been experimented and the results of efficiency tests along with the determination of surface and sub-surface changes due to the treatments are proposed. In conclusion, the applied theoretical and empirical approach has allowed to: highlight the potential of classical and innovative complementary methods in quantifying the structural changes in porous materials due to degradation processes and conservative treatments, explain how they help to facilitate the understanding of stone weathering and validate the use of geometrical models in describing complex pore systems.

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29

CHEN, YU-SHENG, e 陳昱升. "Development of Cleaning Products". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6yb3h6.

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碩士
嘉南藥理大學
化粧品應用與管理系
104
In a series of commercially available shampoo products in various physical forms, liquids, creams or dry. It is used to remove dirt from the scalp and the hair and maintain the hair in a clean and beautiful condition. In addition to the main function of cleaning, shampoo should all have the following qualities: luster enhancing, styling capabilities, less friction during washing and very safe with respect to the hair and eyes. While a considerable amount of research refer to patents and reports on the formula, little attention have been given to their efficacy.　 The purpose of this study was to formulate shampoo products and investigate the influence of varying composition on the character. In order to do this, three anionic sucfactants, ALS(Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate) Sodium Cocoyl Alaninate and ALES(Ammonium Laureth Sulfate) were selected as foaming detergents and various pearlisers/opacifiers were also added. Some surfactant systems are difficult to thicken. Electrolytes, polymeric materials and alkanolamides as thickeners are examined. Theses formulated hair products were characterized by physical-chemical method. In addition, their cleansing ability was evaluated using home-made determining method. Based on these findings, a desired shampoo was obtained. With high safe use, cleansing ability up to 85%, good storage stability, and esthetic appearance, it is composed of Sodium Laureth Sulfate7%,Ammonium lauryl sulfate 7%,Polyqutermium-7 0.5%,Lauric acid 0.5%,PEG 6000DS 1%,Cocamide MEA 1%,NaCl 0.5%,Glycerin 2%,1-3 Butylene Glycol 3%,Germall-115 0.5% and D.W 77%。

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30

Borrett, Leigh A. "Evaluation and improvement of coagulant disinfectant products for humanitarian emergency relief". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12100.

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As climate change progresses, the number of extreme weather events are predicted to rise and generate an increase in climate related humanitarian emergencies. These emergencies result in complex displacements of populations, unsanitary conditions, and a corresponding increase in diarrheal disease risks within affected communities. Because diarrheal disease ranks as one of the major contributors to overall morbidity and mortality rates following a disaster, it is critically important that aid agencies are prepared to make informed decisions regarding the prevention of disease transmission. As water is one of the main transmission routes of diarrheal disease, providing clean and safe drinking water is acknowledged as one of the most important and effective interventions. Once we acknowledge the importance of this resource, we also acknowledge the need for quick, simple, and effective water treatment solutions. The term point-of-use (POU) water treatment defines water treatment systems and technologies that are used at the point of consumption. These systems often treat relatively small batches of water and are operated by the consumer or head of household. POU water treatment systems and safe storage techniques have been shown to improve water quality and decrease diarrheal disease incidence and are therefore an effective option in humanitarian emergencies. One type of POU water treatment product - coagulant/disinfection products (CDPs) which are also known as flocculant/disinfectants, have been increasingly used in response to humanitarian emergencies. CDPs are shown to provide microbial and aesthetic (i.e. turbidity reductions) water quality improvements and post-treatment protective free chlorine residuals (FCRs). The relative simplicity of CDPs allows quick intervention for communities with few resources plus CDPs are durable, small, and ready for quick deployment. However, limited research has been completed on the different CDPs on the market or on methods to improve them. This thesis explores CDPs and their role in emergency response through two interlinked perspectives: 1. First, in an overall review compiled as Manuscript #1 (Chapter 2), I assess the existing and current CDPs, how they perform in comparison to global water treatment guidelines, and where their limitations lie. The outcomes of this study provide a simple analysis for aid agencies to carefully select the CDPs used in emergency interventions; and 2. I take the findings from the research completed in Chapter 2 to develop a computational modelling approach to improving the residual protective capacity of the CDPs. These results are presented in Manuscript #2 (Chapter 3) . The outcomes are intended to serve two purposes: (1) to provide a baseline computational model to guide and encourage improvement and testing of these products by manufacturers; and (2) to provide an educational tool to facilitate understanding of these products and the key functions taking place during their treatment. This thesis addressed the research objective of invoking conversation surrounding effective emergency response through developing solutions to provide clean drinking water in at-risk communities during complex humanitarian emergencies.
Graduate

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31

Rak-Banville, Justin Michel. "Chlorine dioxide as a potable water disinfectant : application, residuals, and by-products monitoring". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21608.

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32

Jiang, Hui-Ting, e 江惠婷. "Evaluation of utilizing eggshell in personal cleaning products". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ghjkzu.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中興大學
動物科學系所
106
Egg is one of the most important animal products consumed globally. How to handle those large quantities of abandoned eggshell properly becomes critical. Currently, many exfoliating cosmetics or personal cleansing products might contain some polyethylene microbeads which have diameters less than 1 mm. Because these plastic materials do not degrade easily for years, such microbeads which have been accumulated in the natural environment may damage the ecological consequence. Mis-consumption those plastic microbeads by numerous animals may also cause a biomagnification in the food chain, thus lead to more serious damages. Many countries have started to ban the plastic microbeads. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of applying different treatments of eggshell (CON: control; PEB: adding polyethylene microbeads; CAL: adding calcined eggshell powder; ESP: adding eggshell powder) in a saponification-type facial cleanser using a 90-day and 40°C accelerated aging test as well as a cytotoxicity assay and a porcine skin model test. The result of experiment 1 showed that during the aging period, the L* value of CAL was significantly lower than those of the other treatments (p<0.05), while the differences in the values of L*, a* and b* between CON, PEB, and CON were minor and it might not be distinguished by the naked eyes. The pH value of ESP on day 90 of aging was significantly lower than CON (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the other treatments during aging (p>0.05). Except on day 90 of aging, the spreadability of CON was the highest, while the spreadability of PEB was significantly lower than the others during aging (p<0.05). The foaming ability of CAL on day 14 of aging was significantly higher than that on day 0 (p<0.05), while the foaming ability of PEB on day 60 of aging was significantly lower than that of CON (p<0.05). There was no significant difference on the foam stability between the 4 treatments during aging (p>0.05). In the current study, the detergency was determined using a critical micelle concentration (CMC). The CMC value was between 0.080 wt% to 0.083 wt% for each treatment with less difference. The total microbial counts of the four facial cleansers were all conformed with the regulations of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The result of experiment 2 showed that ESP did not exhibit cytotoxicity to HaCaT cell or 3T3 cell. In the animal skin simulation testing, the 4 treatments did not cause damage to the stratum corneum of porcine ear skin. In conclusion, ESP is recommended to be added in a saponification-type facial cleanser since it does not change the characteristics of the original samples, as well as not exhibit cytotoxicity and cause damage to stratum corneum of porcine ear skin. It is promising to substitute for the polyethylene microbeads currently commonly added in the personal exfoliating cleaning products potentially.

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33

Keng-KuoChang e 張耿國. "Application of Balanced Scorecard in the Cleaning Products Industry". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6scym5.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
104
Cleaning supplies industry, which is the industry that produces products to make the subject or environment clean. However, because of the rise in public consensus of environmental protection and the sense of consuming, manufactures have to produce the state- of-the-art products in line with the regulations, and become the kind of manufactures that is able to self-sales, OEM or a satisfactory outsourced of customers. In fact, it is not easy to produce the economic scale of innovative products under the strict regulations. The cleaning supplies industries have to lower the cost to enhance the production efficiency and strengthen the vertical integration of supply and demand for survival. Under this background, this study will take a cleaning supplies company as an example. Through a case study of company's related information and in-depth understanding, a company’s balanced scorecard has been set up. Also, the evaluation objects in the balanced scorecard include employees, equipment, costs, customers and assets so as to execute the company’s strategies. The results of this study can be a reference to the execution of balanced scorecard, in order to deal with the impacts caused by the fast changes in the market demand.

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34

Lin, Yu-teng, e 林語騰. "Economic Assessment of Factory for Home Life Cleaning Products". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01419236768804342533.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
104
In recent years, there are many domestic food and health problems. The cleaning products will be added the bactericides or preservatives. Some added ingredients, e.g. triclosan or parabens and other carcinogenic substances will cause the people’s worry. Therefore people trigged to pursuit the nature additives without adding any artificial substances. In the meantime, do-it-yourself (DIY) soap, the relevant personal studio or handmade soaps workshop had also been flourished. The present study was conducted to the economic assess of factory for the production of cleaning products of 75 kg soaps per day. The total annual production will be 19,875 kilograms of soaps. After deduction of the annual fixed operating costs and capital expenditure, the rate of return (ROI) will reach 43.5%, and it is expected 2.3 years for recovering the costs. If the marketing strategy is successful, this cleaning products factory is worthy of further development or investment.

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35

Earnest, Clive Matthew Jr. "Inhalation exposures during cleaning activities". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21767.

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Studies show that the use of cleaning products is related to adverse respiratory health effects ranging from irritation to asthma. Yet exposure to these chemicals is poorly understood. This dissertation summarizes the current state of knowledge of inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals in consumer cleaning products. An improved two-zone model that treats personal air space as distinct from bulk room air is presented. The model accounts for air exchange between the two zones, dynamic source characteristics (i.e., the time-varying liquid concentrations and emission rates of pollutants within a mixture), and the characteristics of chemical use (e.g., how frequently a cleaning chemical is applied to a new area). To assess exposure to cleaning products and validate the improved two-zone model twenty-three experiments, encompassing six cleaning scenarios, were completed in an environmentally-controlled chamber with a thermal mannequin. Then, the model was used to predict exposure for four hypothetical cleaning scenarios and compared against other models. The model's applicability is restricted by limited data available for parameterization. At low air exchange rates gas-phase experimental results show concentrations in the breathing-zone of the mannequin exceeded concentrations predicted by the well-mixed model by factors up to 2.1. Breathing-zone concentrations also exceed those measured at centralized room monitors by factors up to 6.1. Thus, studies that use the centralized room monitors or the well-mixed model as a surrogate for breathing-zone concentrations could potentially underpredict exposure at low air exchange rates. The two-zone model provides the best prediction of exposure to cleaning tasks, at low air exchange rates. The next best model is the well-mixed model with an exponentially decreasing emission rate, followed by the well-mixed model with a constant emission rate. At high air exchange rates the well-mixed assumption appears to be valid. The inner-zonal volume and inter-zonal air exchange were independent of fresh air ventilation rate. But both were dependant on the mannequin's body position, with standing having the highest inner-zonal volume and lowest intra-zonal air exchange rate of the three body positions investigates (standing, bent over 45°, and hands and knees).
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36

SHIH, YIN-CHING, e 施英錦. "A Study of Commercial Cleaning Products and Services Buying Factors". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29592986626435196227.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
105
Commercial cleaning belongs to the service industry and also the traditional industry, the purpose of its products is mainly to be used for the tableware cleaning and sanitizing, housekeeping and the laundry cleaning. This research focuses on the factors of customer satisfaction towards tableware washing and disinfection. Nowadays, consumers pay more attention to the food safety, especially for hotels and restaurants. They not only ask for the deliciousness of food, but the cleaning of the tableware. The safe food and clean utensils for hotels and restaurants can also be regarded as a guarantee which is one of the reasons to have HACCP certification in the industry. As a professional commercial cleaning company, what could be the first priority to consumer satisfaction? This paper also attempts to analyze the differences between customer perception on satisfaction and the provided services to further identify "factors" for satisfaction for subsequent related management reference. Meanwhile, by using Murry and Hommons (1993) proposed modified Delphi to the District Managers in Case E company to summarize the important point of views. In order to confirm the consensus among the professionals, a questionnaire was sent to each Territory Manager who approaches clients directly by using the quartile difference presented by Fahety (1979) and Holden & Wedman (1993). The direction of the questionnaire design was easily understood by interviewee, the use of Likert 5-Scale to realize the importance of the customer satisfaction. Considering to the regional differences, the interviewees were selected from the clients in North, Central, and South Taiwan. Questionnaires were analyzed using Yang (2003) the importance- satisfaction (I-S Model). Found that the average degree of customer recognition are higher than 4 or more important "factors" 23, and professional differences of 5. However, "Food Safety ServSafe" for the E company to promote business, with the experts to discuss and put into the main project. In addition to different business requirements of the project differences, can also be analyzed, the conclusions can be done by the follow-up management of customer research reference. Finally, 18 important "factors" as the theme of this study.

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37

LAI, MEI-CHUN, e 賴美君. "THE ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY CLEANING PRODUCTS". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pr35zm.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
107
In recent years, more and more news reported that consumers have been exposing to toxic ingredients and harmful chemicals in food and household products. As a result, consumers have been demanding the organic products to reduce toxic resided in these items. They are mostly concerned about food safety and cleaning products they use in a daily basis. Consumers are making conscious decisions by using green processes or purchasing organically grown produce when possible, therefore reducing usage of any chemicals such as artificial flavors, preservatives, or pesticides, etc. In addition to that, these simple changes can have big impacts in food and the environmental footprint. In responding to consumer demand, the manufactures are encouraged to replace essentials with eco-friendly ingredients. Alternatively, home-made and all-natural cleaning products are becoming popular. several methods canbeused to make eco-friendly cleaning produds: solvent extraction, fermentation, or water boiling method. This study focuses on cleaning products made with the solvent extraction method. The solvent extraction is a process of taking fresh citrus peels, immersing them in alcohol, extracting with essential oil and aroma, and then adding surfactant and pure water. The economic benefits of this product and method will be evaluated. Furthermore, we also estimate the return on investment and cost and benefit of developing environmental friendly cleaning products.

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38

Chen, Chin-Chu, e 陳金柱. "A Study on the Behavior of Purchasing Cleaning Products of Consumers". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59805567334345310622.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理所
90
In recent year, household structure and society type change get to different customer behavior. The research center is differentiate between customer group to ascertain marketing medium. On the basis of above research gap, four research objective are established as follows： 1.The differentiate between customer group population statistics is outstanding diversity. 2.The differentiate between customer group loyalty is outstanding diversity. 3.The differentiate between customer group involve is outstanding diversity. 4.The life style differentiate between customer group. Finally our study discussed marketing implication of the findings, differentiate between customer group have been customer buy make a strategic decision. Factories and stores need to comprehend customer behavior and customer group made marketing advantage.

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39

LIU, YA-TI, e 柳雅緹. "Application of TRIZ in the analysis of portable oral cleaning products". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9us5b.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
107
As the times continue to change, the number of outside foods increases, how to clean teeth quickly and easily after eating, while keeping the mouth fresh, and not having to carry too much cleaning oral supplies is what modern people need. In addition to the way of using a toothbrush after the meal, the general public can have a more convenient way to help remove the food residue and foreign matter inside the teeth, so that the people can quickly and easily clean the teeth and keep the breath fresh and without carrying A variety of oral cleaning products, but most of the portable oral cleaning products currently on the market have only a single cleaning effect, and must be carried with a variety of supplies at the same time. This study analyzes innovative portable oral cleaning products by using TRIZT innovation theory, system nine-square grid, problem level analysis (PHA), contradiction matrix invention principles, and other related methods, which can simultaneously clean the teeth and remove the odor in the mouth. efficacy.

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40

Yi-TingWu e 巫宜庭. "Green Innovation Generation Considering Customer Opinion：An Example of Cleaning and Skin Care Products". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4y345h.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立成功大學
資源工程學系
103
In recent years, the world has seen an increasing emphasis on green products and green marketing. A good example of this trend can be found in the market for cleaning and skincare products, in which many leading manufacturers manage to take innovative environmental measures to raise the competitiveness of their products in terms of research, development, technology, production, packaging and marketing. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between green innovation and marketing in order to develop a model of innovative measures for the production of green products based on customer needs.

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41

Tsai, Ju-Fei, e 蔡如斐. "The Relationship of Powers, Conflicts, and Performance in Taiwan’s Professional Cleaning Products Channel". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67807537782374284994.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理研究所
99
Power imbalance between channel members is pervasive and usually causes conflicts. This is particular true when the suppliers are national-brand manufacturers. The significance of the impacts of powers and conflicts on channel performance in professional cleaning product channel is recognized. But, related literature is limited. These factors motivate the research. The research focuses on channel powers and their impacts on channel conflicts and performance. The effect of channel conflicts on channel performance is also examined. Survey is conducted with respect to three major professional cleaning product channels in Taiwan. 300 copies of questionnaire are issued, 293 copies are received, and 268 copies are effective (effective questionnaire returns-ratio is 89%). Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationships among channel powers (coercive and non-coercive), conflicts (functional and non-functional), and performance (qualitative and quantitative). The results indicate that, (1) coercive powers have negative impacts on qualitative channel performance, but non-coercive powers have positive impacts on qualitative and quantitative channel performance. (2) Non-functional conflicts exert negative impacts on qualitative channel performance. (3) Non-coercive powers exercise positive impacts on functional conflicts, but negative impacts on non-functional conflicts. Based on the results found, it is suggested that suppliers of the professional cleaning product channels should apply non-coercive powers as often as possible, such as rewarding their retailers and assisting their retailers in technology development, to improve the channel performance, no matter qualitatively (e.g., higher satisfaction levels) or quantitatively (e.g., higher rate of investment). Non-coercive powers can also reduce the negative impacts of channel conflicts.

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42

Earnest, Clive Matthew Jr. "A two-zone model to predict inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals in cleaning products". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-137.

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Abstract (sommario):

The use of cleaning products can lead to indoor concentrations of toxic air contaminants above regulatory levels. Studies show that the use of cleaning products is related to adverse respiratory health effects in adults ranging from irritation to asthma. Yet exposure to these chemicals is poorly understood. This thesis summarizes the current state of knowledge of inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals in consumer cleaning products. A new two-compartment model that treats personal air space as distinct from bulk room air is presented. The model accounts for air exchange between the two compartments and fresh air, dynamic source characteristics (i.e., the time-varying liquid concentrations and emission rates of pollutants within a mixture), the characteristics of chemical use (e.g., how frequently a cleaning chemical is applied to a new area), and reactive chemistry with ozone. The model’s applicability is restricted by limited data available for parameterization. Key components that are missing include composition data for consumer cleaning products and activity patterns. Extensive effort went into calculating the air exchange rate between the two zones. Twelve computational fluid dynamic simulations and two model scenarios were completed. The predicted concentration in the inner-zone (Cin) was divided by the room concentration predicted by the traditional well-mixed model (Cwm). Concentration ratios (Cin/Cwm) ranged from 1.1 to 700. In terms of real cleaning events, results indicate that the beginning (where the only emission source is near the person) of events taking place in large indoor environments with high air exchange rates are the situations for which well-mixed models are most likely to fail in predicting actual exposures.
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43

陳文琪. "The influences of neuroticism and sensitivity of odor on purchasing behavior of household cleaning products". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19032788424303639452.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
明新科技大學
企業管理研究所
98
In recent years, personal traits have been applied in various fields and also play as vital variables in several studies. Recently, the influence of odor is gradually used by scholars in the market place. Thus, odor in environment is an important attribute to human being that has been confirmed in many ways. Also, odor can be associated to past memory for a consumer. The main purpose of study is to understand the influences neuroticism traits and sensitivity of odor that affects the consumer’s purchasing intention of scent-added household cleaning products. The consumer’s attitude, belief and intention to purchase are also measured to being construct a conceptual model. According to this research, the neuroticism is not significant variable in predicting purchasing behavior in add-scent household cleaning products, the consumer’s has self-awareness in odor and sexual role of body odor of these two characteristics. Hence sensitivity of odor can affect consumer behavior before purchasing household cleaning products. If consumers care about odor they may open the top for measuring odor before purchasing add-scent household cleaning products. Therefore consumers who view household cleaning products odor as an important point would like to purchase add scent household cleaning products.

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陳怡婷. "The Influence of Product Attributes on On-Line Customers’ Loyalty and Purchase Behavior for Cleaning Products". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25444810711841520754.

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45

Wang, Po-Ching, e 王柏青. "The Study of Green Household Cleaning Products Purchase Intention of Taiwanese using Theory of Planned Behavior". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91457216515592548902.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
101
More and more people are displaying heightened awareness of environmental issues today and they are also showing more willingness to choose eco-friendly products over the traditional counter parts. This trend presents great business opportunities for makers of green products. In this study, we specifically focus on the purchase intention of Taiwanese regarding green household cleaning products as defined below: 1. Household cleaning agent that has the official governmental environmental labels marked on the packaging. 2. Or household cleaning agent that display words such as natural, organic, low pollution or any other words that is comparable with eco-friendly written on the packaging. 3. Please note that green household cleaning products do not include personal hygiene products. 200 questionnaires were sent to participants selected randomly without restriction on the demographic backgrounds. 185 questionnaires were returned with a collection rate of 93%. Using Theory of Planned Behavior as the theoretical model and by using frequency analysis, reliability test, factor analysis and regression analysis, we were able to produce the following result: 1. Attitude towards the behavior displayed significant positive influences on purchase intention. 2. Subjective norm displayed significant positive influences on purchase intention. 3. Perceived behavioral control also displayed significant positive influences on purchase intention.

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Winkler, Dawna. "Validation of Sanitation Procedures to Prevent the Cross Contact with Allergens During the Processing of Pork Products". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-7205.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study was conducted to develop and validate cleaning procedures for different processing equipment of varying complexity and to determine the efficacy of two different allergen tests. Following introduction of selected allergens to processing equipment, two treatments were applied - water wash or scrub/sanitize ? and a no clean was also evaluated. The equipment used consisted of a slicer, grinder, injector, vacuum tumbler, and plastic lugs. To introduce the allergen to the slicer, nine ready-to-eat hams were used. One hundred twenty-two kilograms of pork trim were ground, and a milk allergen was incorporated into the meat. The injector was contaminated with a food allergen by injecting boneless pork loins with a marinade containing soy flour. The slicer, grinder, injector, tumbler, and lugs were then subjected to randomized treatments. The results showed that the water wash and scrub/sanitize treatments did not differ significantly among the pieces of equipment tested. This study supported that both water wash and scrub/sanitize treatments can effectively removed allergens to a level below the industry threshold of 5 ppm.

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47

Lin, Cheng-Yi, e 林正益. "The Study of Distribution Strategy for Natural Cleaning Products in Taiwan -A Case of the Orange House". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03248425542678533674.

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48

PARISI, ERICA ISABELLA. "Sistemi film-forming a base di PVA per la rimozione di prodotti di corrosione da leghe base-Cu (Film forming PVA-based cleaning systems for the removal of corrosion products from Cu-based alloys)". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1073126.

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This PhD thesis presents an innovative poly(vinyl)alcohol-based film forming system, specifically devised to obtain a controllable and selective cleaning of ancient copper-based artifacts. Traditional cleaning procedures of metallic artifacts are commonly performed by mechanical and/or chemical methods. Unfortunately, both these methods present some limits, mainly related to poor selectivity, high invasiveness and scarce control over the cleaning procedures. The main advantage of the cleaning system presented here, consists in the simultaneous chemical and mechanical action, guaranteed respectively by the presence of a confined complexing agent specific for Cu(II) ions (EDTA, Rochelle salt, polyamines) and by the removal of the final film through a peeling action. The physico-chemical characterization of the cleaning system was carried out through different methods (gravimetry, thermal analysis, rheology and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) in order to study the kinetics of films formation and their mechanical properties. Finally, cleaning tests were firstly performed on different artificially aged samples, then on real cases of study. Questa tesi di dottorato presenta un innovativo sistema filmante a base di polivinilalcol, sviluppato specificamente per ottenere una pulitura controllabile e selettiva su manufatti antichi in lega base-rame. Le tradizionali procedure di pulitura di manufatti metallici sono comunemente eseguite tramite metodi chimici e/o meccanici. Sfortunatamente, entrambi questi metodi, presentano alcuni limiti legati principalmente a scarsa selettività, elevata invasività e assenza di controllo sulle procedure di pulitura. Il principale vantaggio del sistema pulente qui presentato consiste nella simultanea azione chimica e meccanica, garantita rispettivamente dalla presenza di un agente complessante confinato, specifico per gli ioni Cu(II) (EDTA, sale di Rochelle, poliammine) e dalla rimozione del film finale tramite un'azione di peeling. La caratterizzazione chimico-fisica del sistema pulente è stata eseguita tramite diversi metodi (gravimetria, termoanalisi, reologia, spettroscopia ATR-FTIR) in modo da studiare le cinetiche di formazione dei film e le loro proprietà meccaniche. Infine, test di pulitura sono stati eseguiti inizialmente su provini invecchiati artificialmente e poi su casi studio reali.

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49

Shan, Wu Kun, e 吳坤憲. "Ⅰ: Simultaneous Assay of Cationic Disinfectant in Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Products Using HPLC Equipped with a Silica Gel Column and an Aqueous Mobile Phase. Ⅱ: HPLC Separation and Identificatio". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58028693554568998303.

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碩士
台北醫學院
藥學研究所
86
Ⅰ. Simultaneous Assay of Cationic Disinfectant in Cosmetics and Pharmaceutica l Products Using HPLC Equipped with a Silica Gel Column and an Aqueous Mobile PhaseThis report reveals that a simple, rapid and reliable high performance li quid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed. This method provides si multaneously to identify and quantify two cationic disinfectants: benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate in cosmetics; as well as four other cati onic disinfectants: domiphen bromide, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium c hloride and dequalinium chloride in pharmaceuticals. The HPLC analytical metho d involves the use of a silica gel column and an aqueous mobile phase. The dis infectants are separated by isocratic chromatography on a m-porasil silica gel column (3.9 * 300 nm) using an UV detector at 262 nm. Six standard solutions of the cationic disinfectants with different concentrations were found to have excellent linear relationships (r > 0.999). The results obtained are not inf luenced by the vehicle incorporated in cosmetics or pharmaceuticals by using this analytical meⅡ. HPLC Separation and Identification of Illegal Coal Tar D yes in Mucous Cosmetics Illegal coal tar dyes blended in mucous cosmetics cou ld induce toxic and carcinogenic threats. In accordance with Chinese National Standard, the methods of hygienic test adopted for analyzing organic coloring materials in cosmetics are paper chromatography (PC) and thin layer chromatogr aphy(TLC). This study was using HPLC method to promote the analysis efficienc y in separating and identifying the illegal coal tar dyes in mucous cosmetics. The HPLC column was Cosmosil 5C18-AR-Ⅱ,mobile phase comparitions were as fo llows:(a) for hydrophilic coal tar dyes :0.07M ammonium aceate(including 0.01M tetrabutylammonium bromide ) : acetonitrile : methanol=55:35:10. This method is capable of separating 16 coal tar dyes. (b) for hydrophobic coal tar dyes, methanol:water=95:5, a total of 6 coal tar dyes could be separated. Visible wa velength photodiode array detector was used for detection. The minimum detecta ble concentration was 0.05μg/mL. The results clearly shows that a total of 2 2 illegal coal tar dyes can be separated and identified successfully as report ed above.

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50

Tseng, Cheng-Yin, e 曾政寅. "An Analysis to the Green Consumption Behavior of the College Students in Taichung — in the Case of Cleaning Products with Botanical Ingredients". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s5yq59.

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碩士
國立中興大學
生物產業管理研究所
101
As environmental and health safety issues are important in modern society, consumers’ willingness to use green products become essential　with respect to sustainable development in recent years. This study aimed at knowing college students’ usage of cleaning products with botanical ingredients, and on the other hand to find out the relationship among relevant factors. Constructs of planned behavior theory, and health beliefs were examined through path analysis. A data consisting of 601 college students was collected in Taichung. The outcome shows that “interpersonal influence” has the largest direct influence among all dimensions, and it also has the highest indirect influence, followed by “attitude”. The result shows that “interpersonal influence” has the greatest overall impact. The analysis of demographic attribute’s effect shows that "gender" significantly affect the students’ intention to use and the subsequent usage behavior of green products.

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Tesi sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

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