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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 ottobre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

1

Oktaviani, Siska, e Destianti Catur Lia. "Penyuluhan Pembuatan dan Penyemprotan Desinfektan pada Warga Desa Panca Jaya Kecamatan Muara Kaman". Prima Abdika : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/abdika.v2i1.1579.

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There are several ways that can be done to prevent the transmission of Covid-19, one of which is by spraying disinfectant in the surrounding environment and objects that are at risk of transmitting the virus. Making your own disinfectant at home can actually be done using ingredients that are household cleaning products. However, many people from Panca Jaya village, Muara Kaman sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara district, still don't know how to make a disinfectant, even if they know they generally just mix chemicals with water without knowing the content, properties and dosages that will be used to make the disinfectant. Seeing this in the field, it is necessary to have educational activities for the community regarding the manufacture of disinfectants. The purpose of this community service is to provide knowledge and understanding to the residents of Panca Jaya village about how to make disinfectants with home cleaning products in their respective homes. The method used in this counseling was to provide information via LCD and give out pamphlets to participants, demonstrate to make disinfectant, then continue spraying disinfectant in the surrounding environment. It is hoped that this activity can be applied in their daily life as a form of prevention and transmission of Covid-19.

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2

Crow, Sue. "Product Commentary: Housekeeping Products: The Choice Is Yours". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645731.

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For years, Infection Control Practitioners have been asked to identify the “ultimate” hospital::: disinfectant. Health care personnel seem to want a multipurpose product; one that can he used for handwashing for, instrument disinfection and for cleaning the commode. Simply stated, there is not one product that call successfully do all three. Antiseptic solutions, which are approved by the Food and Drug Administration are for use on skin (ie, handwashing and skirt preparation whereas disinfectants are for use in the inanimate environment and are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency.There are two classifications of' disinfectants housekeeping disinfectants and instrument disinfectants. Housekeeping disinfectants are generally low-level disinfectants, and quartenary ammonium compounds or phenol-based solutions are the most common. Instrument disinfectants are high-level disinfectants such as glutaraldehydes and chlorine dioxide.

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3

Soubieux, Annaelle, Marie Palamini, Cynthia Tanguay e Jean-François Bussières. "Evaluation of decontamination strategies for cyclophosphamide". Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, n. 2 (1 agosto 2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219865931.

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Purpose The main objective was to determine the efficacy of various types of cleaning equipment and products after deliberate contamination with cyclophosphamide. The secondary objective was to test various cleaning scenarios using these equipment and products. Methods The study had two phases: testing of cleaning equipment (wipe : woven microfibers – Hygen®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicronSolo®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicroMix®, simili-tissu (low filament production) – Tork® and, mop : woven microfibers – Hygen®, microfibre and viscose – MicroOne®) and products (disinfectant : quaternary ammonium – DR100®, chlorine 0.1% – Zochlor® – Brutab® – PCS® NPH, sodium hypochlorite 2%, cleaner : detergent – Nu- Action 3®, cleaner and disinfectant: sodium hypochlorite 0.6% + detergent – Aliflex® and water) in phase 1 and testing of various cleaning procedures in phase 2. Specific areas of a room with a laminar flow hood (class II/type B2) were contaminated with 10 mcg of cyclophosphamide. Different types of surfaces were cleaned with various scenarios and the remaining cyclophosphamide was measured by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results A total of 189 samples were obtained: 42 negative controls and positive controls, 54 during phase 1 and 93 during phase 2. All products were more than 96.5% effective. The 0.1% chlorines were the most effective products. Cleaning procedures with two or three products had average cleaning efficacies of 99.94–99.99%. Efficacy increased with the number of successive cleanings. When two products were used, the average cleaning efficacy varied between 99.78% and 99.98%, depending on the surface. Conclusion All cleaning products tested reduced cyclophosphamide contamination by more than 96.58%. Cleaning efficacy increased with successive cleaning. No scenario was effective in removing 100% of traces. Additional studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these results.

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Salonen, Heidi, Tunga Salthammer, Martin Täubel e Lidia Morawska. "O-110 THE EFFECT OF CLEANING PRODUCTS ON OCCUPANTS’ HEALTH". Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (1 luglio 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0720.

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Abstract Introduction The use of household cleaning products exposes occupants to various potentially hazardous chemicals that can impact human health. These products often include surfactants, acids/bases, carcinogens like chloroform, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In this review study, our objective is to summarize the effects of commonly used cleaning products on human health in occupational and non-occupational environments. Methods To conduct this literature review, we performed searches in Google Scholar and PubMed using 18 search terms and their combinations. The search was restricted to scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. Results and discussion Scientific evidence indicates that the chemicals present in cleaning agents, as well as the reactions caused by agents interacting with surfaces, can have detrimental effects on human health. Individuals with close or frequent contact with cleaning products are particularly susceptible to these effects. For example, occupational exposure to cleaning and disinfectant products has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and rhinitis. Further, exposure to cleaning products during pregnancy or in the first years of life has been associated with persistent wheezing in early childhood. Conclusion Epidemiological studies provide evidence of the adverse effect of exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants on respiratory health. These effects are observed not only in adults with close or frequent contact to cleaning products in occupational settings but also in relation to common exposures at home, especially during early life. To mitigate these adverse health effects, it is recommended to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals by developing safer cleaning methods both in occupational and home settings.

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Cruz, J. V., W. L. E. Magalhães, P. H. G. Cademartori, D. J. Dorta, D. P. de Oliveira e D. M. Leme. "Environmental concerns about the massive use of disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview on aquatic toxicity". ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 16, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2021.01.14.

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Many public health measures to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were adopted worldwide, and particularly to the environmental measure of regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, the increased use of disinfectant products raises environmental concerns. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), chloroxylenol (PCMX) and chlorhexidine (CHX) are the active ingredients of most disinfectant products due to their effectiveness against various microbiological agents. Although presenting antimicrobial efficacy, these biocides have been associated with impacts on aquatic life. For instance, QACs can induce toxicity to Aliivibrio fischeri and fish (different species). Gill and liver damages are verified in Cyprinus carpio after exposure to PVP-I. CHX induces toxic effects on algae, crustaceans, and fish embryos. PCMX can induce genotoxicity to rainbow trout and malformations on zebrafish embryos, as well as it can reduce the reproduction rate of Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, the potential to cause negative consequences on human and environmental health has resulted in activities from the U.S. and European agencies to favor the use of safer and greener disinfectant products during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review article summarizes the main findings on the impacts of disinfectants (the most used) on aquatic life. This information may help prioritize disinfectants with lower impacts on the aquatic environment for daily use, and especially for high-frequency use as verified in the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this review may help identify knowledge gaps on the aquatic hazard of disinfectants, which may drive future studies on this matter and, lastly, contribute to the development of sustainable products.

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Moriello, Karen A. "Decontamination of carpet exposed to Microsporum canis hairs and spores". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, n. 4 (10 luglio 2016): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16634390.

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Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vacuuming and three carpet cleaning methods for the removal of Microsporum canis spores and hairs from experimentally contaminated carpets. Methods Sterile Berber carpeting was artificially contaminated with naturally infective M canis hairs and spores. Carpet swatches were vacuumed for 10 s, 30 s and 60 s, and then cultured. Three carpet cleaning methods were evaluated on area rugs experimentally contaminated with infective material: a beater brush carpet shampooing, beater brush carpet shampooing post-disinfectant application and hot water extraction. Home cleaning products labeled as having efficacy against Trichophyton species were used in addition to 1% potassium peroxymonosulfate. Carpets were cultured at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after cleaning. Good efficacy was no detectable spores at post-cleaning culture. Results All pretreatment carpet samples were culture positive for M canis (>300 colony-forming units [cfu]/site). Vacuuming did not decontaminate carpets but did remove intact hairs. Spores were not detected by wipe samples after two washings with an upright beater brush carpet shampooer or pretreatment with a disinfectant prior to carpet shampooing. Carpets cleaned with one hot water extraction technique had a decrease from 300 cfu/site to a mean of 5.5 cfu/site at 24 and 48 h post-cleaning and 2 cfu/site at day 7. The use of disinfectants was associated with odor, even when dry, and permanent discoloration. Hot water extraction cleaning was associated with the fastest drying time and no discoloration. Conclusions and relevance Carpets exposed to M canis can be disinfected via carpet shampooing or hot water extraction cleaning. Vacuuming of carpets is recommended to remove infective hairs. For homes, exposed carpeting can be decontaminated by routine washing with a carpet shampooer (twice) or hot water extraction. Use of pretreatment with a disinfectant is recommended when a high level of overall decontamination is needed in an animal facility with necessary carpeted surfaces (eg, entryway carpet mats).

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Koulierakis, George, Anastasia Dermatis, Dimitris Zavras e Elpida Pavi. "Protective behaviors during COVID-19 confinement measures in Greece: the role of anxiety, perceived risk and risky-choice framing". AIMS Public Health 10, n. 2 (2023): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023021.

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<abstract> <p>Confinement measures at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic imposed major changes on the global population. The aim of this study was to explore the level to which the public adhered to protective guidelines by adopting the most appropriate behaviors at that time (such as hand washing with soap and using sanitizer gel) and to identify the determinants of these behaviors. A purposive sample of 1013 individuals was invited and voluntarily participated in the online survey. The questionnaire collected information on demographic data, hand washing, risk perception, anxiety (through the S = Anxiety scale of STAI) and risky-choice framing. Results showed increased levels of anxiety, a moderate perception of the risk of catching coronavirus and increased adoption of protective behaviors, such as handwashing and cleaning surfaces with disinfectant/antiseptic products. Multiple ordinal logistic regression models showed that being female, more educated and cleaning home with disinfectant / antiseptic products predicted handwashing with soap. Additionally, having an increased perception of getting the coronavirus, being older and cleaning the home with disinfectant / antiseptic products predicted handwashing with antiseptics. Public health interventions should take into consideration the unified cleaning pattern and the combined effect of sociodemographic variables and risk perception on the adoption of protective behaviour in the context of a health crisis which is out of people's control.</p> </abstract>

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Kumar, Jessica, Jennifer Cadnum, Y. Karen Ng Wong, Thriveen Sankar Chittoor Mana, Heba Alhmidi e Curtis Donskey. "1222. Are Reduced Concentrations of Chlorine-Based Disinfectants Effective Against Candida auris?" Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (ottobre 2019): S439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1085.

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Abstract Background Currently, sporicidal disinfectants such as bleach are recommended for daily and terminal disinfection of the rooms of patients with Candida auris colonization and/or infection. However, bleach and other chlorine-based disinfectants can have adverse effects on surfaces and personnel. Disinfectant solutions with reduced chlorine concentrations are commonly used for other pathogens, but it is not known if diluted or alternative products maintain efficacy against C. auris both in vitro and in vivo. Methods We tested the efficacy of different concentrations of a sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) product and sodium hypochlorite using the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for evaluation of the efficacy of liquid disinfectants against C. auris (EPA MLB SOP MB-35-00) and in a simulated patient room. Carriers were exposed to each disinfectant for 1 and 2 minutes. Log reductions were calculated by subtracting viable organisms recovered after disinfectant exposure vs. deionized water controls. Results As shown in the figure, the NaDCC product at 4306 ppm tested with a 2 minute contact time reduced C. auris by ≥5 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) but had reduced efficacy with shorter exposure time or lower concentrations. Sodium hypochlorite was effective with 1 or 2 minute exposure times at a concentration of 6,500 ppm, and was effective at 4,000 ppm with an exposure time of 2 minutes. In the simulated patient room, NaDCC reduced C. auris contamination by ≥6 log10 CFUs on all surfaces. Conclusion A chlorine-based NaDCC product was effective at reducing C. auris. Both NaDCC and sodium hypochlorite products exhibited reduced efficacy at lower concentrations, particularly at concentrations below 4000 ppm. The NaDCC products were also effective in reducing contamination in the simulated patient room. UV-C treatment was an effective adjunct to manual cleaning. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Ley, Benjamin, Edward Silverman, Kara Peery e Delfina Dominguez. "Evaluation of Commonly Used Products for Disinfecting Clipper Blades in Veterinary Practices: A Pilot Study". Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 52, n. 5 (1 settembre 2016): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6427.

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ABSTRACT Nosocomial infections are a concern of growing interest in veterinary medicine. Clipper blades have been confirmed as fomites for numerous potential pathogens and, as such, may be associated with wound and surgical site infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the disinfectant capabilities of several commonly used clipper blade cleaning products. Seventy sterile clipper blades were inoculated with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Blades were then subjected to one of seven treatment groups for disinfecting. Quantitative cultures of remaining bacteria were performed. All blades in the control group showed large amounts of bacterial recovery. Culture results showed no recovery in blades soaked in alcohol or chlorhexidine or those sprayed with an ethanol/o-phenylphenol product, while moderate recovery was seen with all other treatments. These results show that persistent contamination of clipper blades can occur with the use of several commonly used disinfectant products. Further research is necessary to evaluate fungicidal capabilities as well as the effect of disinfection on clipper blade maintenance.

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Ehlers, Jens, Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani, Bärbel Kroschewski, Carmen Büttner e Martina Bandte. "Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees". Horticulturae 8, n. 8 (19 agosto 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080751.

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The highly infectious Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a new viral threat to tomato production worldwide. In production, the very easy mechanical transmissibility combined with the high resistance in vitro is of great concern. We tested: (i) whether household cleaning products, commercial agricultural detergents, and an authorized plant protectant are suitable for cleaning contaminated clothing, and (ii) whether infectious viruses remain in the resulting cleaning water. The evaluation of the sanitation effect was performed using bioassays, by counting ToBRFV-associated necrotic local lesions on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN. For this purpose, leaves were mechanically inoculated with treated fabrics and cleaning solutions which would normally be discharged to the sewer system. The detergents Fadex H+ (FH) and Menno Hortisept Clean Plus, as well as the disinfectant Menno Florades (MF), led to an almost complete removal of ToBRFV from contaminated fabrics, corresponding to a reduction in local lesions by 99.94–99.96%. In contrast, common household cleaning products (Spee ActivGel (SAG), Vanish Oxi Action Gel (VO) did not effectively remove the pathogen from the fabric, where the reduction was 45.1% and 89.7%, respectively. In particular, cleaning solutions after the use of household cleaners were highly contaminated with ToBRFV. After a 16-h treatment with the disinfectant MF, infectious ToBRFV was no longer present in VO, FH, and MF cleaning solutions, as demonstrated by extensive bioassays.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

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Radwan, Islam Mohamed Othman. "Fate of Nanomaterials in the Environment: Effects of Particle Size,Capping agent and Surface Cleaning Products on the Stability of Silver Nanomaterials In Colloidal Consumer Products". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin15632953645698.

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Pacheco, Da Silva Emilie. "Utilisation à domicile de produits de nettoyage et santé respiratoire – évolution de cet usage, en lien avec la pandémie de COVID-19 – dans trois cohortes françaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR015.

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L'usage à domicile de Produits de Nettoyage et de Désinfection (PND) contenant des irritants et ceux utilisés sous forme de spray est un facteur de risque établi d'asthme. En conséquence, les consommateurs pourraient rechercher des alternatives potentiellement moins nocives et utiliser des lingettes, des produits écologiques ou des produits faits maison. Cependant, aucune étude épidémiologique n'a examiné les effets sur l'asthme associés à l’usage à domicile de ces PND. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'évaluer les associations entre l'usage à domicile de différents PND et l’asthme par des approches transversales et longitudinales. Nos analyses ont porté sur les données de trois cohortes françaises : CONSTANCES, NutriNet-Santé et EGEA, dans lesquelles l'usage à domicile de PND et l'asthme ont été évalués par questionnaires standardisés. Ces travaux de thèse ont confirmé l’augmentation de l’usage de PND pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Nous avons observé qu'un usage hebdomadaire de lingettes et de produits écologiques était associé à l'asthme actuel et à l'asthme non contrôlé (analyses transversales). Cependant, un usage hebdomadaire de produits faits maison n’était pas associé à l’asthme. Un usage hebdomadaire persistant et augmenté d'irritants/sprays ainsi que de produits écologiques était associé à une augmentation du risque de détérioration ou d’incidence de l’asthme (analyses longitudinales). Les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent pour la première fois que l’usage à domicile de lingettes et de produits écologiques est à risque pour l’asthme, alors que l’usage de produits faits maison ne semble pas être délétère pour l’asthme. Pour la prévention primaire et secondaire de l’asthme, d’autres études sont nécessaires afin d’identifier spécifiquement les composés à l’origine de ces effets néfastes sur la santé respiratoire, en particulier ceux contenus dans les produits écologiques
The household use of Disinfectant and Cleaning Products (DCPs) containing irritants, and those used in a spray form is an established asthma risk factor. In consequence, consumers might seek for potentially less harmful alternatives, and turn to wipes, green products or homemade products. However, no epidemiological study investigated the effects on asthma associated with the household use of these DCPs. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the household use of various DCPs and asthma. Our analyses were based on data from three French cohorts: CONSTANCES, NutriNet-Santé, and EGEA, in which household use of DCPs and asthma were assessed using standardized questionnaires. This thesis work confirmed the increased use of DCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed that a weekly use of wipes and green products was associated with current asthma and uncontrolled asthma (cross-sectional analyses). However, a weekly use of homemade products was not associated with current asthma. A persistent and an increased weekly use of both irritants/sprays and green products was associated with a higher risk of deterioration or incidence of asthma (longitudinal analyses). The results of this thesis suggest for the first time that the household use of wipes and green products is at risk for asthma, whereas the use of homemade products did not seem to have an impact on asthma. For asthma primary and secondary prevention, further studies are needed to specifically identify the compounds causing these adverse effects on respiratory health, particularly those contained in green products

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Dumas, Milne Edwards Orianne. "Risques professionnels dans l'asthme". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914719.

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L'importance des facteurs de risque professionnels dans l'asthme est bien établie, mais le rôle de certains agents doit être clarifié. Les objectifs de la thèse sont d'évaluer les liens entre les expositions aux produits de nettoyage et l'asthme, et d'étudier l'impact et la prise en compte du biais du travailleur sain, dans l'étude Epidémiologique des facteurs Génétiques et Environnementaux de l'Asthme (EGEA, 2047 sujets dont 1477 adultes avec des données professionnelles). L'exposition aux produits de nettoyage a été estimée par une expertise et une matrice emploi-exposition. Chez les femmes, l'asthme actuel était associé à l'exposition aux détartrants (OR=2.4 (1.1-5.3)), et aux sprays (2.9 (1.0-8.1)) et à l'ammoniac (3.1 (1.2-7.8)) chez les aides-soignantes. Les détartrants et l'ammoniac sont des irritants. L'exposition aux produits de nettoyage était associée à l'asthme sévère et sans sensibilisation allergique. Deux analyses ont souligné l'importance du biais du travailleur sain dans l'asthme. Un biais de sélection à l'embauche a été observé chez des sujets avec un asthme sévère dans l'enfance. Un modèle marginal structural a permis de prendre en compte le biais du travailleur sain dans l'étude de l'effet des expositions professionnelles sur l'expression clinique de l'asthme au cours de la vie. En plus du rôle d'asthmogènes connus, le rôle d'agents moins bien établis, comprenant des irritants (1.6 (1.0-2.4)) était suggéré. Les résultats sont cohérents avec un rôle des irritants dans l'asthme lié au travail. Ils soutiennent une utilisation plus large d'approches d'analyse causale pour contrôler le biais du travailleur sain dans les études des risques professionnels.

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Jabari, Kohpaei Ahmad. "Chlorine Decay Modelling to Predict Disinfectant and Disinfectant by-Products (DBPs) Formation in Water Distribution System". Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74985.

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The objective of this research project is to understand chlorine decay and formation of disinfectant by-products (DBPs) using existing popular chlorine decay models. Performance of various chlorine decay models for different waters was investigated. Defining main performance criteria, popular models were modified to produce more reliable predictions. Nominated chlorine decay models were compared against defined criteria. Best chlorine decay model was endorsed. Finally, chlorine decay and formation of DBPs in a water distribution system was modelled as a case study.

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Ringer, Erin E. "Reduction of trihalomethanes using ultrasound as a disinfectant". Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050307-084016/.

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Casas, Ruiz Lidia 1978. "Microbial exposures, cleaning products and child health". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133453.

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Background and aims: The immune, respiratory and central nervous system start developing during pregnancy and continue during the first years of life. Therefore, environmental exposures during these periods may play a role on the maturation of these systems. In particular, the exposure to indoor microbial agents, indoor factors such as pets or dampness, and to household cleaning products during infancy or childhood may have important implications in the development processes. This thesis aims to assess the long term effects of indoor exposure to microbial agents and chemical based cleaning products on respiratory and mental health among children from birth to the age of 13 years old. Methods: We used data from nine European birth cohorts that are part of three projects: the European HITEA project, the Spanish INMA project; and the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohort studies. Information on the exposure to indoor dampness, pet ownership, the use of cleaning products and allergy and respiratory health was periodically collected through questionnaires and health tests. Living room dust samples were collected when the children were 2-3 months and analysed for microbial agents concentrations (bacterial endotoxin, fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp, and mould β(1,3)- glucans). Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between the exposures and the health outcomes. Results: 1) Concentrations of measured microbial agents varied differently across the cohorts. 2) Season of dust sampling, dog ownership, indoor report of dampness, and number of people living in the home is associated with the concentrations of microbial agents. 3) Early life exposure to endotoxin and dogs in the home is associated with lower levels of FeNO at school age. 4) Domestic use of cleaning sprays, air fresheners and solvents during pregnancy is associated with a higher prevalence of wheezing and LRTI during the first year of life. 5) At school age, bystander exposure to domestic cleaning sprays increases the levels of FeNO, and exposure to air freshening sprays and solvents decreases the lung function. 6) Persistent exposure to indoor dampness during early life has negative effects on the cognitive function and social competences at 4 years old. 7) Exposure to visible mould, dampness and pet ownership during the first 10 years of life increases the risk of borderline or abnormal scores in the SDQ at 10 years of age. Conclusion: Our results suggest that indoor exposure to microbial agents during early life and exposure to chemical based cleaning products during pregnancy, infancy and childhood play a role in the development of the respiratory, immune and central nervous systems.
Introducció i objectius: El desenvolupament dels sistemes immunitari, respiratori i nerviós central comença durant l’embaràs i continua al llarg la infància. Així, els primers anys de vida són moments crucials en que qualsevol exposició ambiental pot influir el desenvolupament d’aquests sistemes. Concretament, l’exposició durant la infància a agents microbiològics, humitat, animals de companyia i productes de neteja pot tenir implicacions importants en els processos de maduració d’aquests sistemes. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és el d’avaluar els efectes a llarg termini de la exposició a agents microbiològics i a productes de neteja de base química a la llar, sobre la salut respiratòria i mental des del naixement fins a l’edat de 13 anys. Mètodes: En aquesta tesi hem fet servir dades de nou cohorts de naixement europees que formen part de tres projectes: el projecte europeu HITEA, el projecte espanyol INMA, i els estudis alemanys GINIplus i LISAplus. La informació sobre la exposició a humitat, a animals de companyia, la utilització de productes de neteja, al·lèrgies i salut respiratòria es va recollir en tots els projectes mitjançant qüestionaris administrats als pares/mares i proves mèdiques o tests neuropsicològics. A més, es van recollir mostres de pols dels menjadors de les cases quan els nens/es tenien 2-3 mesos d’edat que es van analitzar per determinar les concentracions d’agents microbiològics (endotoxines bacterianes, polisacàrids extracel·lulars (EPS) d’Aspergillus spp. i Penicillium spp i β(1,3)-glucans fúngics). Per l’avaluació de les associacions entre exposicions i resultats de salut s’han desenvolupat models de regressió múltiple. Resultats: 1) Les concentracions d’agents microbiològics mesurats en pols de les llars varien per cohort. 2) L’estació de l’any en que es recull la mostra de pols, la presència de gossos a la casa, reportar humitat a la casa i el número de persones que hi viuen estan associats amb la concentració d’agents microbiològics a la pols. 3) L’exposició durant els primers mesos de vida a endotoxines i gossos a la llar s’associa amb nivells baixos de FeNO a edat escolar. 4) L’ús d’esprais i dissolvents per la neteja de la casa, i ambientadors durant l’embaràs està relacionat amb un increment en la prevalença de sibilants i infeccions respiratòries de vies baixes al llarg del primer any de vida. 5) En edat escolar, la exposició passiva a productes de neteja domèstics utilitzats en forma d’esprais incrementa els nivells de FeNO, i l’exposició a esprais ambientadors i dissolvents per la neteja de la llar disminueix la funció pulmonar. 6) L’exposició persistent a humitat a la llar durant els 2 primers anys de vida té un efecte negatiu sobre la funció cognitiva i les competències socials mesurades als 4 anys d’edat. 7) L’exposició a fongs procedents de la humitat, a humitat i a animals de companyia a casa al llarg dels primers 10 anys de vida incrementa el risc de puntuacions “borderline” o anormals al questionari SDQ administrat als 10 anys. Conclusió: els resultats presentats en aquesta tesi suggereixen que l’exposició a agents microbiològics durant els primers mesos de vida i l’exposició a productes de neteja durant l’embaràs i la infància juguen un paper important en el desenvolupament dels sistemes respiratori, immunològic i nerviós central.

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Farren, Elizabeth Anne. "Reducing trihalomethane concentrations by using chloramines as a disinfectant". Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-095058.

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Ouimette, Monique Y. "Cleaning House: Considerations of Ecological Health and Sustainability in the Selection of Household Cleaning Products". Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3054.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis advisor: Juliet B. Schor
In an era of increasing awareness about the impacts of everyday consumption on ecological sustainability, this study investigates the factors that influence mothers' selection of household cleaning products. The data for this study are from 28 in-depth interviews with mothers who maintain diverse preferences across a cleaning product profile spectrum. Incorporating the concepts of risk, trust, and convenience, the analysis highlights the ways in which considerations of ecological health in relation to cleaning products influence purchasing decisions of some participants but not others. This study contributes to understandings of how consumer practices shift toward environmental sustainability
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology

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Chiu, Stephanie. "Efficacy of common disinfectant/cleaning agents in inactivating murine norovirus and feline calicivirus as surrogate viruses for human norovirus". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44029.

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Background/Objectives: Norovirus, a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infection, cannot be propagated in cell culture. Limited information exists on the effectiveness of disinfectants and cleaning agents. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of common types of disinfectants/cleaning agents used in health care facilities in British Columbia on surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (MNV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV). Sodium hypochlorite, accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and a quaternary ammonium compound (QUAT) were assessed. Methods: A virus suspension of known concentration (with or without a soil load) was deposited onto stainless steel discs under wet or dry load conditions and exposed to defined concentrations of the disinfectant/cleaning agent for 1, 5 or 10 minute contact time using the quantitative carrier test (QCT-2) method. Virus inactivation was determined by plaque assay. Results: Sodium hypochlorite at 1350 ppm inactivated MNV-1 after 5 minutes with a ~5.5 to 6.5 log₁₀ reduction, whereas it took twice as long to inactivate the FCV with ~4.6 to 5.6 log₁₀ reduction. After 5 minutes, 2700 ppm of sodium hypochlorite was able to inactivate MNV-1 and FCV. Accel at 35000 ppm AHP inactivated MNV-1 after 10 minutes with a ~5.6 to 6.5 log₁₀ reduction, whereas at 3500 ppm, FCV was inactivated by a ~5 log₁₀ reduction. CaviCide at 2800 ppm QUAT and Virox 5 at 5000 ppm AHP were unable to inactivate MNV-1. T³6 at 2000 ppm QUAT and 70 % ethanol was effective in inactivating MNV-1 with a >6 log₁₀ reduction after 5 minutes, but only resulted in a <3 log₁₀ reduction of FCV after 10 minutes. Conclusions: The results have demonstrated that sodium hypochlorite at 1350 ppm after 10 minutes or 2700 ppm at shorter contact times of 5 minutes was more effective in reducing the viral load of both MNV-1 and FCV on stainless steel surfaces than ready-to-use AHP and QUAT products. Concentrated AHP products were only effective against MNV-1 when used at a concentration of 35000 ppm for 10 minutes. QUATs without ethanol were ineffective against both surrogate viruses and are therefore not indicated for disinfecting environmental surfaces contaminated with norovirus.

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Benjamin, Michael L. "Investigations of Cleaning Product Sprays". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504873614623952.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

1

Washington (State). Office of Environmental Health Assessment Services., United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. e Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (Project : N.Y.), a cura di. Bleach fact sheet: Never mix bleach with common household cleaning products. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Health, Office of Environmental Health Assessments, 2005.

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WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-products, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals e International Program on Chemical Safety, a cura di. Disinfectants and disinfectant by-products. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.

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Babington, Mary F., Anna Docktor, Margaret K. Strekal e Tonia P. Bell. Cleaning products. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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Wier, Patrick. Surfactant additives and formulated cleaning products. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1998.

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5

Strauss, Rachelle. Household cleaning. London: New Holland, 2009.

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DiGiano, Francis A. Disinfectant decay and corrosion: Laboratory and field studies. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2004.

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(Firm), Packaged Facts. The U.S. market for household cleaning products. New York, NY: Packaged Facts, 2005.

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Noyes, Amy Kolb. Nontoxic housecleaning. White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub., 2009.

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9

Ltd, Mintel International Group, a cura di. Books: Electric shavers and toothbrushes ; fires and fireplaces ; household cleaning products ; women's bodycare products. London: Mintel International, 1996.

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10

Carlton, Jaime N. Distinction between household cleaning products chemiluminescent reaction with Bluestar® Forensic. [San Diego, California]: National University, 2014.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

1

LeBlanc, Destin A. "Cleaning Validation for Homeopathic Drug Products". In Cleaning Validation, 87–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003366003-25.

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LeBlanc, Destin A. "Highly Hazardous Products in Shared Facilities". In Cleaning Validation, 57–59. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003366003-16.

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LeBlanc, Destin A. "Routine Monitoring for Highly Hazardous Products". In Cleaning Validation, 153–55. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003366003-45.

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Galimberti, Pierangelo. "Plant Cleaning and Sanitizing". In Advances in Dairy Products, 176–93. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118906460.ch2b.

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Long, David C. "Greening of Consumer Cleaning Products". In Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 91–115. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119288152.ch5.

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Zock, Jan-Paul. "Cleaning and Other Household Products". In Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases, 55–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470710425.ch4.

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Saxena, Richa, Himanshu Gupta e Soniya Dhiman. "Availability and Minimization of Nitrogenous Disinfectant By-Products in Drinking Water". In Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, 239–62. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49047-7_12.

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Wirsching, J. "Nonwovens for Cleaning and Household Products". In Nonwoven Fabrics, 503–13. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603344.ch12.

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Coons, D., M. Dankowski, M. Diehl, G. Jakobi, P. Kuzel, E. Sung e U. Trabitzsch. "Performance in Detergents, Cleaning Agents and Personal Care Products". In Surfactants in Consumer Products, 197–398. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71545-7_5.

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Mrđanović, Emina, Lejla Osmanbegović, Merima Smajhodžić-Deljo, Adna Softić, Naida Babić-Jordamović e Haris Vranić. "Cost-Effectiveness of Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Products Usage in Public Transport". In IFMBE Proceedings, 392–401. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49062-0_43.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

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Todorov, D., D. M. Ceballos, C. Reeb-Whitaker e C. Sack. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Toxic Inhalation Injuries to Disinfectant and Cleaning Products in Washington State's Workers' Compensation System". In American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a2883.

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Henneberger, Paul K., Steven M. Rollins, Michael J. Humann, Xiaoming Liang, Feng-Chiao Su e Mohammed A. Virji. "The association of current asthma and exacerbation of asthma with using cleaning, disinfecting, and medical products in healthcare". In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa3342.

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Quinot, Catherine, S. Amsellem-Dubourget, S. Temam, E. Sévin, C. Barreto, J. Felicite, V. Siroux et al. "O43-2 Development of a barcode-based exposure assessment method to evaluate occupational exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants". In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.221.

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Virji, Mohammed Abbas, Feng-Chiao Su, Paul K. Henneberger, Ryan F. LeBouf, Xiaoming Liang e Caroline P. Groth. "O-55 Cleaning and disinfecting tasks, products and volatile organic compound exposures associated with asthma outcomes in healthcare settings". In 29th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2023), Mumbai, India, Hosted by the Indian Association of Occupational Health, Mumbai Branch & Tata Memorial Centre. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2023-epicoh.198.

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Quinn, Margaret, Susan Sama, Noor Sheikh, David Kriebel, Rebecca Gore, John Lindberg, Catherine Galligan et al. "S-95 Changes in respiratory symptoms, spirometry, and exhaled nitric oxide among home care aides performing cleaning and disinfecting using different products: a longitudinal repeated measures study". In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.407.

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PACHECO DA SILVA, Emilie, Raphaëlle Varraso, Anne-Marine Lenzotti, Léopold Fezeu, Guillaume Sit, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg et al. "Household use of cleaning products and asthma control". In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa3340.

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Gerasimov, V. N., E. M. Aslanyan e N. A. Leontyeva. "METHODOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL DISINFECTANT SELECTION FOR INDUSTRIAL SOIL DISINFECTION". In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.94-98.

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Experimental selection of disinfectants for industrial disinfection of soil, ground, bottom sediments, and sewage sludge contaminated with helminth eggs is carried out in several stages. Laboratory tests have shown that only 2 products have an optimal disinfection effect out of 20 disinfectants of different chemical nature tested on soil samples contaminated with swine roundworm eggs. The soil disinfection modes established in laboratory conditions for selected disinfectants are not effective in disinfecting large volumes of soil. It is proposed that scaled tests of selected disinfectants be performed on soil samples contaminated with helminth eggs before industrial soil disinfection to develop disinfection technology for large volumes of soil. Using a device for scaled disinfectant testing that simulates the structure, density, physical, biological and chemical properties and characteristics of multi-layer soil in various ecosystems, technological modes are established for the disinfection of industrial volumes of soil. The established concentrating and timing parameters of industrial soil disinfection provide high-quality disinfection in various ecosystems and completely eliminate environmental pollution with ineffective disinfectants or ineffective concentrations of standard disinfectant solutions against helminth eggs.

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Zinberg, M. B., I. B. Ivanovskaya e N. A. Gafarov. "Biological Cleaning of Soil and Reservoirs from Oil Products". In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36036-ms.

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Novikov, S. V., V. K. Novikov e V. V. Tatarinov. "Cleaning of cosmodrome equipment surfaces from petroleum products pollutants". In XLIII ACADEMIC SPACE CONFERENCE: dedicated to the memory of academician S.P. Korolev and other outstanding Russian scientists – Pioneers of space exploration. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5133215.

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SHIRINOVA, D. B. "CLEANING OF WASTE WATER FROM OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS". In Проблемы и вопросы современной науки. Научно-Издательский Центр Международной Объединенной Академии Наук (НИЦ МОАН), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/pivsn-33.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Disinfectant and Cleaning Products"

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Hasanzadeh, Sogand, Mirian Velay-Lizancos, Woei-Chyi Chang, Marina Lopez-Arias e Vito Francioso. Synthesis Study of Best Practices for Cleaning Tools and Paving Equipment: Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) and Asphalt Cleaners (ACs). Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317381.

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Diesel has been used widely as an asphalt cleaning agent due to its effectiveness for many years. However, its negative impact on health and the environment calls for more sustainable and safe alternatives. Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) are products for preventing or mitigating undesirable adhesion of HMA to the asphalt equipment, and Asphalt Cleaners (ACs) are products for remediation when the adhesion has already happened. In this study, commercially ARAs and ACs reported by NTPEP and U.S. DOTs are quantitatively and qualitatively examined based on the following criteria: (1) cost-effectiveness, (2) functionality, (3) environmental, and (4) safety considerations. The results provided valuable insights into cost-effective products; and ultimately led to developing an interactive decision-making dashboard to help INDOT make more informed decisions regarding testing and investing in these alternatives.

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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry e R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, ottobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.

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Baldwin, Richard. PR-015-084508-R01 Contaminants in Sales Gas Pipelines Sources Removal and Treatment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), settembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010029.

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The objective of this project is to provide information about a problem material found in gas pipelines called "black powder". It is a mixture or a chemical compound of iron sulfides, iron oxides, dirt, sand, salts, chlorides, water, glycols, hydrocarbons and compressor oils, mill scale, or other materials. The most common constituents, iron compounds of sulfur or oxygen, are corrosion products. In addition to chemical formation, black powder can be formed by microbes normally found in gas pipelines. This material causes machinery, measurement, and pipeline maintenance problems. This research investigates the forms of iron sulfides, their characteristics, and methods of formation and whether the molecular form can be an indicator of the source of the material. A sampling protocol was developed for proper collection of materials for analysis. Seventeen corrosion samples were collected and analyzed for material constituents and microbial content. The results of this testing were anonymously tabulated in a database. Other tasks in this project include guidelines for removal, handling, and disposal of the material. It discusses symptomatic versus root cause treatments for the prevention and control of black powder, and the corporate culture necessary to manage the problem. It presents recently developed technologies for cleaning or treating a pipeline containing black powder, such as cleaning and anti-microbial agents containing THPS which dissolve iron sulfides, and the use of magnetic filtration. The final task describes concepts for identifying the location of black powder in an operating pipeline and places to look and methods to use to best determine the distribution of the material.

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Lawson. L51597 Feasibility Study of New Technology for Intake Air Filtration. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), giugno 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010105.

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Inlet air filters are widely used to remove solids and liquid droplets from the ambient air before it enters the compressor of a gas turbine. Clean inlet air provides many advantages: Less corrosion of the compressor and of gas-path hot parts, such as the turbine, decreased compressor fouling, less erosion of the compressor bladeThese in turn prevent deterioration of output and heat rate, and reduce maintenance costs. Compressor fouling is caused by the ingestion of substances that deposit and adhere to blade surfaces, resulting in reduced aerodynamic efficiency and decreased available output. Air contamination could be significantly reduced by the use of more efficient air filtration systems, especially through the reduction of the quantity of smaller particles ingested. The consequent lower loss of output power and decreased cleaning efforts provide lower costs of operation and increased shaft power. This work was composed of three major efforts: 1) A literature search was performed to establish the state of the art for particle removal from gases, particularly by electrostatic precipitation, and to identify the leading vendors of the equipment-considering both experience and technical expertise. 2) Two chosen companies were visited to determine their technical capabilities as they apply to gas turbine inlet air filtration. 3) A representative gas turbine was specified by PRCI as being the equivalent of a GE Model 3002J turbine, with airflow of 91,200 acfm. A specification based upon that airflow was prepared and submitted to the two vendors. Each vendor prepared a proposal for a filter system compliant with the specification. The proposed air filtration equipment is sufficiently different from existing products that it was judged not beneficial to visit manufacturing facilities. Both vendors are reputable suppliers of air filtration equipment. This study is intended to provide definitive information relative to the use of new technology for air inlet filtration on gas turbines in gas pipeline pumping applications.

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Fu, Gongkang, e Gabriel Bryk. BrM Quantity-Based Bridge Element Deterioration/Improvement Modeling and Software Tools. Illinois Center for Transportation, febbraio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-005.

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This study reviewed the state of the art and practice in bridge element deterioration / improvement modeling. It also developed a new and practical method for such modeling using element quantities in BrM inspection records along with bridge age. For reliable forecasting, this method uses these quantities directly to determine transition probability matrices (TPMs). The example TPMs were found age-dependent for the do-nothing case. Results show that this approach is effective in forecasting the bridge element life. Condition improvement TPMs were also similarly derived from the quantity evolution for consistency. Examples of renewal construction work are deck overlay of micro-silica concrete, steel beam repainting, bridge cleaning, etc. Two computer software programs in Microsoft Excel were developed to obtain TPMs for do-nothing deterioration and condition improvement. Bridge owners may use the tools to generate TPMs for any element whose inspection records are provided. As a result, TPMs can be continuously updated whenever more inspections are performed and their records are included as input to the software programs. In addition, the software tools are transparent for the user to perform expert elicitation, especially when the inspection records are questionable or unavailable. Such activity can be informatively guided by the results from the software, as illustrated by two application examples in the delivered programs. This new concept and associated tools may be applied by other bridge owners using the BrM system. Two application examples for elements 12 and 107 in the programs can be readily transplanted to other states as a starting point for application of the research products herein. They show that the age-dependent TPM is able to realistically replicate deterioration for the do-nothing case, particularly the behavior of faster deterioration while aging. They also demonstrate that TPMs for different renewal construction work are able to contrast their effectiveness, such as micro-silica overlays vs. sealing for a concrete deck.

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Rahimipour, Shai, e David Donovan. Renewable, long-term, antimicrobial surface treatments through dopamine-mediated binding of peptidoglycan hydrolases. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597930.bard.

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There is a need for renewable antimicrobial surface treatments that are semi- permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time and that do not select for resistant strains. This proposal describes a dopamine binding technology that is inexpensive, bio-friendly, non-toxic, and uses straight-forward commercially available products. The antimicrobial agents are peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that are non-toxic and highly refractory to resistance development. The goal of this project is to create a treatment that will be applicable to a wide variety of surfaces and will convey long-lasting antimicrobial activity. Although the immediate goal is to create staphylolytic surfaces, the technology should be applicable to any pathogen and will thus contribute to no less than 3 BARD priorities: 1) increased animal production by protecting animals from invasive and emerging diseases, 2) Antimicrobial food packaging will improve food safety and security and 3) sustainable bio- energy systems will be supported by coating fermentation vats with antimicrobials that could protect ethanolic fermentations from Lactobacillus contamination that reduces ethanol yields. The dopamine-based modification of surfaces is inspired by the strong adhesion of mussel adhesion proteins to virtually all types of surfaces, including metals, polymers, and inorganic materials. Peptidoglycanhydrolases (PGHs) meet the criteria of a surface bound antimicrobial with their site of action being extracellular peptidoglycan (the structural basis of the bacterial cell wall) that when breached causes osmotic lysis. As a proof of principle, we will develop technology using peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that target Staphylococcus aureus, a notoriously contagious and antimicrobial-resistant pathogen. We will test for susceptibility of the coating to a variety of environmental stresses including UV light, abrasive cleaning and dessication. In order to avoid resistance development, we intend to use three unique, synergistic, simultaneous staphylococcal enzyme activities. The hydrolases are modular such that we have created fusion proteins with three lytic activities that are highly refractory to resistance development. It is essential to use multiple simultaneous activities to avoid selecting for antimicrobial resistant strains. This strategy is applicable to both Gram positive and negative pathogens. We anticipate that upon completion of this award the technology will be available for commercialization within the time required to achieve a suitable high volume production scheme for the required enzymes (~1-2 years). We expect the modified surface will remain antimicrobial for several days, and when necessary, the protocol for renewal of the surface will be easily applied in a diverse array of environments, from food processing plants to barnyards.

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Monetary Policy Report - April 2022. Banco de la República, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2022.

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Macroeconomic summary Annual inflation continued to rise in the first quarter (8.5%) and again outpaced both market expectations and the technical staff’s projections. Inflation in major consumer price index (CPI) baskets has accelerated year-to-date, rising in March at an annual rate above 3%. Food prices (25.4%) continued to contribute most to rising inflation, mainly affected by a deterioration in external supply and rising costs of agricultural inputs. Increases in transportation prices and in some utility rates (energy and gas) can explain the acceleration in regulated items prices (8.3%). For its part, the increase in inflation excluding food and regulated items (4.5%) would be the result of shocks in supply and external costs that have been more persistent than expected, the effects of indexation, accumulated inflationary pressures from the exchange rate, and a faster-than-anticipated tightening of excess productive capacity. Within the basket excluding food and regulated items, external inflationary pressures have meaningfully impacted on goods prices (6.4%), which have been accelerating since the last quarter of 2021. Annual growth in services prices (3.8%) above the target rate is due primarily to food away from home (14.1%), which was affected by significant increases in food and utilities prices and by a rise in the legal monthly minimum wage. Housing rentals and other services prices also increased, though at rates below 3%. Forecast and expected inflation have increased and remain above the target rate, partly due to external pressures (prices and costs) that have been more persistent than projected in the January report (Graphs 1.1 and 1.2). Russia’s invasion of Ukraine accentuated inflationary pressures, particularly on international prices for certain agricultural goods and inputs, energy, and oil. The current inflation projection assumes international food prices will increase through the middle of this year, then remain high and relatively stable for the remainder of 2022. Recovery in the perishable food supply is forecast to be less dynamic than previously anticipated due to high agricultural input prices. Oil prices should begin to recede starting in the second half of the year, but from higher levels than those presented in the previous report. Given the above, higher forecast inflation could accentuate indexation effects and increase inflation expectations. The reversion of a rebate on value-added tax (VAT) applied to cleaning and hygiene products, alongside the end of Colombia’s COVID-19 health emergency, could increase the prices of those goods. The elimination of excess productive capacity on the forecast horizon, with an output gap close to zero and somewhat higher than projected in January, is another factor to consider. As a consequence, annual inflation is expected to remain at high levels through June. Inflation should then decline, though at a slower pace than projected in the previous report. The adjustment process of the monetary policy rate wouldcontribute to pushing inflation and its expectations toward the target on the forecast horizon. Year-end inflation for 2022 is expected to be around 7.1%, declining to 4.8% in 2023. Economic activity again outperformed expectations. The technical staff’s growth forecast for 2022 has been revised upward from 4.3% to 5% (Graph 1.3). Output increased more than expected in annual terms in the fourth quarter of 2021 (10.7%), driven by domestic demand that came primarily because of private consumption above pre-pandemic levels. Investment also registered a significant recovery without returning to 2019 levels and with mixed performance by component. The trade deficit increased, with significant growth in imports similar to that for exports. The economic tracking indicator (ISE) for January and February suggested that firstquarter output would be higher than previously expected and that the positive demand shock observed at the end of 2021 could be fading slower than anticipated. Imports in consumer goods, retail sales figures, real restaurant and hotel income, and credit card purchases suggest that household spending continues to be dynamic, with levels similar to those registered at the end of 2021. Project launch and housing starts figures and capital goods import data suggest that investment also continues to recover but would remain below pre-pandemic levels. Consumption growth is expected to decelerate over the year from high levels reached over the last two quarters. This would come amid tighter domestic and external financial conditions, the exhaustion of suppressed demand, and a deterioration of available household income due to increased inflation. Investment is expected to continue to recover, while the trade deficit should tighten alongside high oil and other export commodity prices. Given all of the above, first-quarter economic growth is now expected to be 7.2% (previously 5.2%) and 5.0% for 2022 as a whole (previously 4.3%). Output growth would continue to moderate in 2023 (2.9%, previously 3.1%), converging similar to long-term rates. The technical staff’s revised projections suggest that the output gap would remain at levels close to zero on the forecast horizon but be tighter than forecast in January (Graph 1.4). These estimates continue to be affected by significant uncertainty associated with geopolitical tensions, external financial conditions, Colombia’s electoral cycle, and the COVID-19 pandemic. External demand is now projected to grow at a slower pace than previously expected amid increased global inflationary pressures, high oil prices, and tighter international financial conditions than forecast in January. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and its inflationary effects on prices for oil and certain agricultural goods and inputs accentuated existing global inflationary pressures originating in supply restrictions and increased international costs. A decline in the supply of Russian oil, low inventory levels, and continued production limits on behalf of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) can explain increased projected oil prices for 2022 (USD 100.8/barrel, previously USD 75.3) and 2023 (USD 86.8/barrel, previously USD 71.2). The forecast trajectory for the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate has increased for this and next year to reflect higher real and expected inflation and positive performance in the labormarket and economic activity. The normalization of monetary policy in various developed and emerging market economies, more persistent supply and cost shocks, and outbreaks of COVID-19 in some Asian countries contributed to a reduction in the average growth outlook for Colombia’s trade partners for 2022 (2.8%, previously 3.3%) and 2023 (2.4%, previously 2.6%). In this context, the projected path for Colombia’s risk premium increased, partly due to increased geopolitical global tensions, less expansionary monetary policy in the United States, an increase in perceived risk for emerging markets, and domestic factors such as accumulated macroeconomic imbalances and political uncertainty. Given all the above, external financial conditions are tighter than projected in January report. External forecasts and their impact on Colombia’s macroeconomic scenario continue to be affected by considerable uncertainty, given the unpredictability of both the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the pandemic. The current macroeconomic scenario, characterized by high real inflation levels, forecast and expected inflation above 3%, and an output gap close to zero, suggests an increased risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored. This scenario offers very limited space for expansionary monetary policy. Domestic demand has been more dynamic than projected in the January report and excess productive capacity would have tightened more quickly than anticipated. Headline and core inflation rose above expectations, reflecting more persistent and important external shocks on supply and costs. The Russian invasion of Ukraine accentuated supply restrictions and pressures on international costs. This partly explains the increase in the inflation forecast trajectory to levels above the target in the next two years. Inflation expectations increased again and are above 3%. All of this increased the risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored and could generate indexation effects that move inflation still further from the target rate. This macroeconomic context also implies reduced space for expansionary monetary policy. 1.2 Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s board of directors (BDBR) continues to adjust its monetary policy. In its meetings both in March and April of 2022, it decided by majority to increase the monetary policy rate by 100 basis points, bringing it to 6.0% (Graph 1.5).

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