Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Discrimination de taille"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Discrimination de taille"
1
Grondin, Simon, e François Trudeau. "Date de naissance et ligue nationale de Hockey. Analyses en fonction de différents paramètres". STAPS 12, n. 26 (1991): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/staps.1991.1231.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Au hockey amateur, l’utilisation d’un système de catégories fondé sur l’âge chronologique provoque une inégalité de la répartition du nombre de joueurs de la Ligue nationale de hockey (LNH) nés dans les différents trimestres de l’année (Grondin, Deshaies et Nault, 1984). Cette répartition pourrait avoir été récemment modifiée à cause de la venue croissante de joueurs non canadiens dans la LNH. Cette répartition a été réétudiée pour l’année 1989 et a en plus été analysée en fonction de l’origine nationale et provinciale des joueurs, de leur position au jeu et de certaines mesures anthropométriques. L’analyse permet de constater : (1) une fois de plus la sur-représentation du nombre de joueurs de la LNH nés lors des premiers trimestres ; (2) que la discrimination attribuable au moment de la naissance dans l’année est plus importante en Ontario ; (3) que ce sont les défenseurs et gardiens de buts qui sont les plus exposés aux effets de cette discrimination ; et (4) que dans l’ensemble, pour les différentes positions, la taille, le poids et le ratio taille/poids des joueurs ne diffèrent pas en fonction de leur moment de naissance. Cette quatrième constatation comporte cependant quelques exceptions, notamment chez les ailiers droits.
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Teixeira, Carlos, e Julie L. Drolet. "Settling in a Mid-sized City in the Interior of British Columbia: A Case Study of Recent Immigrants' Housing Experiences in Kelowna (Central Okanagan Valley)". Canadian Ethnic Studies 56, n. 3 (2024): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ces.2024.a939617.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: In the past, immigrants and refugees tended to overlook small and mid-sized cities in Canada, but this has changed since the beginning of the 21th century, and the mid-sized city of Kelowna has gradually emerged as a popular destination for newcomers from all over the world. Housing is critical to the resettlement and integration of all immigrants. Recent immigrants, especially renters, face challenges in their settlement and housing experiences, including limited financial resources, language barriers, and rental-housing discrimination based on ethnicity or race, and yet relatively little is known about these experiences and the barriers they encounter in mid-sized cities. This paper explores the settlement and housing experiences of recent immigrants in the city of Kelowna, a mid-sized city in the interior of British Columbia (Canada) with a focus on the rental housing market. The study draws on data from questionnaire surveys administered in 2015 and 2018 with a total of 67 recent immigrant respondents. The findings reveal that immigrant newcomers experienced financial stress and significant challenges in locating affordable rental housing due to high housing costs, low vacancy rates, lack of reliable information, language barriers, and discrimination by landlords based on immigrants' ethnic and racial background. Immigrants are increasingly redefining the social and cultural geography of mid-sized Canadian cities, and there is a need to ensure that they are able to access affordable, adequate, and suitable housing, and ultimately settle into society. This is particularly crucial given the rising cost of living in Canada, the projected increase in immigrant levels for 2023-25, and the importance of immigrant settlement in a post-pandemic context. Résumé: Dans le passé, les immigrants et les réfugiés avaient tendance à négliger les petites et moyennes villes du Canada, mais cela a changé depuis le début du 21e siècle, et la ville de taille moyenne de Kelowna est progressivement devenue une destination populaire pour les nouveaux arrivants du monde entier. Le logement est essentiel à la réinstallation et à l'intégration de tous les immigrants. Les immigrants récents, en particulier les locataires, sont confrontés à des défis dans leur expérience d'installation et de logement, notamment des ressources financières limitées, des barrières linguistiques et une discrimination en matière de location et de logement fondée sur l'ethnicité ou la race, et pourtant on sait relativement peu de choses sur ces expériences et les obstacles qu'ils rencontrent dans les villes de taille moyenne. Cet article explore les expériences d'établissement et de logement des immigrants récents dans la ville de Kelowna, une ville de taille moyenne située à l'intérieur de la Colombie-Britannique (Canada), en mettant l'accent sur le marché du logement locatif. L'étude s'appuie sur des données provenant d'enquêtes par questionnaire menées en 2015 et 2018 auprès d'un total de 67 immigrants récents. Les résultats révèlent que les nouveaux arrivants immigrés ont connu un stress financier et des difficultés importantes pour trouver un logement locatif abordable en raison des coûts élevés du logement, des faibles taux d'inoccupation, du manque d'informations fiables, des barrières linguistiques et de la discrimination des propriétaires fondée sur l'origine ethnique et raciale des immigrés. Les immigrants redéfinissent de plus en plus la géographie sociale et culturelle des villes canadiennes de taille moyenne, et il est nécessaire de veiller à ce qu'ils puissent accéder à un logement abordable, adéquat et adapté, et finalement s'installer dans la société. Cette question est particulièrement cruciale compte tenu de l'augmentation du coût de la vie au Canada, de l'augmentation prévue du nombre d'immigrants pour 2023-25 et de l'importance de l'établissement des immigrants dans un contexte post-pandémique.
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Bendaoud, Maroine. "Quand la sécurité nationale américaine fait fléchir le principe de la non-discrimination en droit canadien : le cas de l’International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)". Les Cahiers de droit 54, n. 2-3 (5 agosto 2013): 549–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017624ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’auteur propose d’étudier l’imposition de l’ensemble de règles contenues dans l’International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) et leur effet discriminatoire en matière d’emploi aux États-Unis puis au Canada. D’abord, il tentera d’expliquer en quoi consiste l’ITAR. Ensuite, il cherchera à déterminer si ses mesures sont réellement conformes aux lois antidiscrimination en emploi du côté américain ainsi qu’à celles qui sont applicables au Québec. Enfin, les récentes modifications à l’ITAR sous l’administration d’Obama retiendront aussi l’attention. Concrètement, la politique américaine poussait les compagnies canadiennes à exclure un employé-stagiaire né dans un des 25 pays proscrits (pays ennemis des États-Unis, pays communistes ou encore sous embargo) ou en détenant la citoyenneté. Washington souhaitait ainsi protéger certaines données techniques qui auraient pu se retrouver entre les mains d’employés présumés « peu scrupuleux », uniquement de par leurs origines. Depuis plus d’une décennie, les compagnies canadiennes dans les domaines de la défense et de l’aérospatiale, qui recevaient des contrats du gouvernement américain, étaient devant un dilemme de taille. Elles étaient obligées de respecter les critères de l’ITAR sous peine de sanctions et la perte de contrats.
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Zhang, Lei, Lijia Peng, Pengfei Xia, Chuyuan Wei, Chengwei Yang e Yanyan Zhang. "Dual-branch Branch Networks Based on Contrastive Learning for Long-Tailed Remote Sensing". Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 90, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2024): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.23-00055r2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Deep learning has been widely used in remote sensing image classification and achieves many excellent results. These methods are all based on relatively balanced data sets. However, in real-world scenarios, many data sets belong to the long-tailed distribution, resulting in poor performance. In view of the good performance of contrastive learning in long-tailed image classification, a new dual-branch fusion learning classification model is proposed to fuse the discriminative features of remote sensing images with spatial data, making full use of valuable image representation information in imbalance data. This paper also presents a hybrid loss, which solves the problem of poor discrimination of extracted features caused by large intra-class variation and inter-class ambiguity. Extended experiments on three long-tailed remote sensing image classification data sets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed dual-branch model based on contrastive learning in long-tailed image classification.
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Mattiussi, Julie. "Faire de l’apparence physique un argument de taille contre les discriminations". Délibérée N° 7, n. 2 (13 maggio 2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/delib.007.0041.
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Hatchwell, B. J., D. J. Ross, M. K. Fowlie e A. McGowan. "Kin discrimination in cooperatively breeding long–tailed tits". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 268, n. 1470 (7 maggio 2001): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1598.
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Chen, Mingming, Zhigang Quan, Xinyue Sun, Yanlong Li, Lili Qian e Dongjie Zhang. "Discriminating Mung Bean Origins Using Pattern Recognition Methods: A Comparative Study of Raman and NIR Spectroscopy". Foods 14, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2025): 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The feasibility of the two methodologies was confirmed to compare the results of determining mung bean origins using Raman and Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Spectra from mung beans collected in Baicheng City, Jilin Province; Dorbod Mongol Autonomous, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province; and Sishui County, Shandong Province, China, were analyzed. We established a traceability model using Principal Component Analysis combined with the K-nearest neighbor method to compare the efficacy of these methods in discriminating the origins of the mung beans. The total cumulative variance explained by the first three principal components from the NIR of mung beans from different origins was 99.01%, which is 6.71% higher than that derived from Raman. Additionally, the discrimination rate for mung bean origins based on NIR spectral data reached 98.67%, outperforming the Raman-based approach by 22.67%. These findings indicate that NIR spectroscopy is more effective than Raman spectroscopy is in tracing the provenance of mung beans.
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Leedale, Amy E., Michelle Simeoni, Stuart P. Sharp, Jonathan P. Green, Jon Slate, Robert F. Lachlan, Elva J. H. Robinson e Ben J. Hatchwell. "Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n. 27 (22 giugno 2020): 15724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918726117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inbreeding is often avoided in natural populations by passive processes such as sex-biased dispersal. But, in many social animals, opposite-sexed adult relatives are spatially clustered, generating a risk of incest and hence selection for active inbreeding avoidance. Here we show that, in long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), a cooperative breeder that risks inbreeding by living alongside opposite-sex relatives, inbreeding carries fitness costs and is avoided by active kin discrimination during mate choice. First, we identified a positive association between heterozygosity and fitness, indicating that inbreeding is costly. We then compared relatedness within breeding pairs to that expected under multiple mate-choice models, finding that pair relatedness is consistent with avoidance of first-order kin as partners. Finally, we show that the similarity of vocal cues offers a plausible mechanism for discrimination against first-order kin during mate choice. Long-tailed tits are known to discriminate between the calls of close kin and nonkin, and they favor first-order kin in cooperative contexts, so we conclude that long-tailed tits use the same kin discrimination rule to avoid inbreeding as they do to direct help toward kin.
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Kharismaylinda, Joya, e Ade Chita Putri Harahap. "Effectiveness of Group Guidance Services Using Socio-drama Techniques to Reduce Acts of Discrimination in High School Students". Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme 5, n. 2 (29 maggio 2023): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v5i2.2773.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of group guidance services with sociodrama techniques to reduce acts of discrimination in Al-Washliyah 22 Medan high school students. The research approach is Quantitative, with the type of research using Quasi Experimental Design with treatment in the form of sociodrama conducted six times a meeting. The population of the study was the X-grade students of SMA Al-Washliyah 22 Medan totaling 2 study groups consisting of X MIA majors, Class A 32 Students and Class B 32 Students. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique consisting of Class A 8 students and Class B 7 students. Techniques used in data collection using Experiments are conducted under controlled conditions and often involve a control group. The data analysis method used is paired sample t-test to test the hypothesis of the average of two samples and to find out if there is a difference before and after the treatment is carried out. In the paired sample t-test test, if the sig. two-tailed value is 0.05> the sig. 2-tailed value means there is a difference, and if the sig. two-tailed value> 0.05 means there is no difference. 2-tailed value of 0.000 < 0.05 in the experimental class, and 0.031 > 0.05 in the control class, which means that there is a difference in the average decrease in student discrimination in the experimental class. It can be concluded that group guidance services with sociodrama techniques are effective in reducing discrimination in high school students.
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Adjamagbo-Johnson, Kafui. "Le politique est aussi l’affaire des femmes". Politique africaine 65, n. 1 (1997): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1997.6026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans la plupart des pays d’Afrique, le politique est encore un domaine presque exclusivement masculin où existent de nombreuses discriminations, institutionnalisées ou de fait, à l’encontre des femmes. Pourtant la participation des femmes aux décisions politiques est un des impératifs de l’égalité entre les sexes. On peut se demander si les nouvelles donnes politiques et économiques vont permettre des avancées significatives. Les progrès sont encore bien ténus malgré la détermination d’un petit nombre de femmes qui s’investissent sur le terrain politique. Pourront-elles promouvoir une autre idée de la politique que celle des pouvoirs en place ? L'enjeu est de taille pour le développement.
Tesi sul tema "Discrimination de taille"
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Beaud, Alice. "Étude des représentations perceptives et de leur attribution à autrui chez le macaque de Tonkean (Macaca tonkeana) et le capucin brun (Sapajus apella)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Face aux variations de l’environnement, les animaux intègrent des informations via différents systèmes perceptifs, les conduisant à établir des représentations du monde. Ce projet de thèse vise à proposer de nouvelles solutions méthodologiques pour mieux comprendre ces représentations perceptives et leur attribution à autrui chez deux espèces de primates non humains : le macaque de Tonkean (Macaca tonkeana) et le capucin brun (Sapajus apella). Une première partie étudie leur capacité à attribuer une fausse perception visuelle à autrui, à l’aide d’illusions optiques. Une seconde partie porte sur leur capacité à prendre en compte la perspective visuelle et les préférences d’autrui, lors de la formation d’inférences. Les résultats montrent que ces représentations perceptives varient selon les individus et les stimuli présentés, sans conclure sur leur capacité à attribuer une perception visuelle à autrui. Ce projet souligne le défi méthodologique de l’étude de la compréhension des représentations d’autrui chez les primates non humainsFaced with environmental variations, animals integrate information through different perceptual systems, leading them to form representations of the world. This thesis project aims to propose new methodological solutions to better understand these perceptual representations and their attribution to others in two species of non-human primates: the Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana) and the brown capuchin (Sapajus apella). The first part examines their ability to attribute a false visual perception to others using optical illusions. The second part focuses on their capacity to consider others' visual perspective and preferences when making inferences. The results show that these perceptual representations vary depending on the individuals and the stimuli presented, without providing conclusive evidence of their ability to attribute visual perception to others. This project highlights the methodological challenge of studying the understanding of others' representations in non-human primates
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Toillon, Julien. "Variabilité génétique et plasticité de l'efficience d'utilisation des ressources (eau et azote) chez les salicaceae cultivées en taillis à courte et à très courte rotation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0096/document.
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Cette thèse visait à (1) caractériser l'impact de la densité de plantation (DP) et des conditions pédoclimatiques sur la physiologie des peupliers et des saules dédiés à la production de biomasse, (2) évaluer la variabilité génétique de caractères liés à la productivité, l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau (WUE) et l'efficience d'utilisation de l'azote (NUE) dans une perspective de sélection variétale, et (3) à juger des relations entre ces caractères. Quatre dispositifs expérimentaux ont été installés dans le nord de la France. Nos résultats montrent que la DP affecte la production de biomasse et WUE de façon site-dépendante. Dans des conditions de croissance très favorables, les arbres cultivés à forte DP étaient plus haut, moins épais et avaient de plus faibles WUE, reflétant une compétition pour la lumière. Dans des conditions de croissance peu favorables, les arbres cultivés forte DP avaient de plus fortes WUE et de plus faibles circonférences, indiquant une compétition pour l'eau. Un lien positif entre biomasse aérienne et WUE a été détecté pour le saule et le peuplier dans les sites où la compétition était réduite. Une canopée plus développée s'associe à des pertes en eau par transpiration plus importante à l'échelle de l'arbre. Celles-ci sont compensées à l'échelle foliaire par une meilleure régulation stomatique. L'absence d'antagonisme entre WUE, NUE et la production de biomasse suggère la possibilité de sélectionner indépendamment sur les trois caractères. Cependant, les interactions Génotype x Site montrent la difficulté d'identifier des génotypes performants pour des stations d'accueil différentes. La sélection doit être réalisée de façon site-dépendanteThis work aimed (1) at characterizing the impact of planting density (PD) and pedoclimatic conditions (sites) on the physiology of poplar and willow dedicated to biomass production, (2) at evaluating the genetic variability of productivity-related traits, water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in a perspective of plant breeding, and (3) at assessing the relationships among these traits. Four experimental plantations were established in northern France. Our results show that PD affects biomass production and WUE depending on sites. Under most favorable growth conditions, trees grown at higher density displayed taller stems, lower stem circumference, and lower WUE, than trees grown at lower density indicating that increased tree density mainly accentuated competition for light. Under less favorable conditions, an increase of PD involved higher WUE and lower stem circumference, likely because of an increased competition for water. Positive links between biomass production and WUE were detected for poplar and willow under environmental conditions where competition for resources was reduced. A large canopy is associated to potentially more important transpiration water losses at plant level. This could be compensated at leaf level through a better stomatal regulation. The absence of antagonism between biomass production, WUE, and NUE suggests the possibility to select genotypes for these three traits independently. Moreover, the Genotype x Site interactions indicated the difficulty to identify good genotypes for a large set of site conditions suggesting that the selection has to be realized depending on the site conditions
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Caulder, Megan Elizabeth. "DNA discrimination of deer species microsatellite marker panel for mule deer and white-tailed deer /". Diss., 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1987491921&sid=3&FMT=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Discrimination de taille"
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Addadi, L., Z. Berkovitch-Yellin, I. Weissbuch, J. Van Mil, M. Lahav e L. Leiserowitz. "Molecular Discrimination in Crystal Growth in the Presence of “Tailor-Made” Inhibitors". In Design and Synthesis of Organic Molecules Based on Molecular Recognition, 245–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70926-5_21.
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Pandey, Anand, Dharam Pal Singh, Shaina Arora e Kamal Batta. "From Data Entry to Data-Driven Decisions". In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 269–92. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9631-5.ch013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human resources change with AI. Automation, fewer administrative duties, data-driven decision-making, and better applicant and employee experiences occur. AI can speed up hiring with skills analysis and interview scheduling and tailor onboarding with chatbots and role-specific training. AI's capacity to enhance and tailor instruction changes performance management. AI-driven systems that adapt to learners' needs may improve learning. AI chatbots that automate regular tasks and give 24/7 support may improve employee relations by freeing up HR specialists to concentrate on strategy. However, responsibly employing AI to eliminate discrimination, data privacy problems, and employee concerns about change and job displacement is tough. AI will boost HR empathy, judgment, and strategy. Good AI governance and data management are essential. HR departments may increase productivity and efficiency by overcoming AI's challenges. This improves future collaboration.
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Singh, Bhupinder, e Christian Kaunert. "Redefining the Nodes of Metaverse and Luxury Hospitality". In Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry, 175–202. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6755-1.ch010.
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The luxury hospitality renowned for its firm commitment to providing exceptional service and indulgent experiences has long been a hallmark of opulence and refinement. As the metaverse gains momentum and recognition, a new dimension of luxury is introduced that fuses the tangible and intangible, the physical and digital to create immersive encounters that resonate deeply with discerning guests. Also, some guests may still prefer traditional in-person experiences, so luxury hotels would need to strike a balance between offering both virtual and physical options. So, the use of AI and data analytics to tailor guest experiences raises concerns about potential discrimination and bias. This chapter explores the provide hospitality professionals with a roadmap to harness the power of emerging technologies, steering the industry towards personalized guest experiences, operational excellence and accelerated revenue growth.
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Dai, Wenlin, Stavros Athanasiadis e Tomáš Mrkvička. "A New Functional Clustering Method with Combined Dissimilarity Sources and Graphical Interpretation". In Computational Statistics and Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100124.
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Clustering is an essential task in functional data analysis. In this study, we propose a framework for a clustering procedure based on functional rankings or depth. Our methods naturally combine various types of between-cluster variation equally, which caters to various discriminative sources of functional data; for example, they combine raw data with transformed data or various components of multivariate functional data with their covariance. Our methods also enhance the clustering results with a visualization tool that allows intrinsic graphical interpretation. Finally, our methods are model-free and nonparametric and hence are robust to heavy-tailed distribution or potential outliers. The implementation and performance of the proposed methods are illustrated with a simulation study and applied to three real-world applications.
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Grint, Keith. "Military Racism". In A Cartography of Resistance, 413–73. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198921752.003.0014.
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Abstract The history of race discrimination in the US generally, and the US military in particular, meant that the struggle to secure a foothold in the American air force was long and difficult. With President Roosevelt seeking Black electoral support, the decision to facilitate a Black air squadron led, eventually, to the 99th Fighter Squadron and ultimately to the 332nd Fighter Group. The Red Tails, as they became known, saw action across the Mediterranean theatre, protecting conveys, and escorting bombers, as well as on ground attack sorties, and were notable for their disciplined approach that kept them close to the bombers. In turn that meant they were less likely to shoot down enemy fighters—and were disciplined for this—but they more likely to do what they were supposed to do: protect the bombers. Throughout the whole period the pilots and ground crew had to cope with constant racism from other aviators and from the military establishment but their professionalism and persistence eventually saw their integration into the air force, the first branch of the US military to do so.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Discrimination de taille"
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Kou, Xuan, Chenghao Xu, Xu Yang e Cheng Deng. "Attention-guided Contrastive Hashing for Long-tailed Image Retrieval". In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/142.
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Image hashing is to represent an image using a binary code for efficient storage and accurate retrieval. Recently, deep hashing methods have shown great improvements on ideally balanced datasets, however, long-tailed data is more common due to rare samples or data collection costs in the real world. Toward that end, this paper introduces a simple yet effective model named Attention-guided Contrastive Hashing Network (ACHNet) for long-tailed hashing. Specifically, a cross attention feature enhancement module is proposed to predict the importance of features for hashing, alleviating the loss of information originated from data dimension reduction. Moreover, unlike recently sota contrastive methods that focus on instance-level discrimination, we optimize an innovative category-centered contrastive hashing to obtain discriminative results, which is more suitable for long-tailed scenarios. Experiments on two popular benchmarks verify the superiority of the proposed method. Our code is available at: https://github.com/KUXN98/ACHNet.
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Kapon, Eli. "Supermode structure of diode laser phased-arrays with nonuniform channel spacing". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wr3.
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Varying the laser spacings in diode laser phased arrays provides a potentially useful degree of freedom in the design of these devices. Variable spacing array structures have been proposed for tailoring the supermode field patterns1 and for achieving supermode discrimination.2,3 In this work, the supermode structure of nonuniform-spacing arrays is discussed. These structures were analyzed both by using coupled-mode theory and by direct solution of Maxwell’s equations. It was found that varying the laser spacings can be used to tailor the supermode field patterns. In particular, the channel spacings can be designed so that the fundamental supermode exhibits virtually uniform channel excitations, which reduces its beam divergence. However, the variable spacing does not improve the supermode discrimination compared with the case of uniform arrays. In a variable spacing array with N channels, supermodes v and N + 1 − v (v = 1,2, …N) have nearly degenerate modal gains. This is different from the strong supermode discrimination exhibited by chirped (variable channel-width) arrays. New array structures which combine variable channelwidth for supermode control and variable spacing for field pattern tailoring are described.
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Heyde, Chris C., e Khanhav Au. "On the Problem of Discriminating between the Tails of Distributions". In Proceedings of the International Statistics Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772466_0019.
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Wei, Tong, Wei-Wei Tu e Yu-Feng Li. "Learning for Tail Label Data: A Label-Specific Feature Approach". In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/533.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tail label data (TLD) is prevalent in real-world tasks, and large-scale multi-label learning (LMLL) is its major learning scheme. Previous LMLL studies typically need to additionally take into account extensive head label data (HLD), and thus fail to guide the learning behavior of TLD. In many applications such as recommender systems, however, the prediction of tail label is very necessary, since it provides very important supplementary information. We call this kind of problem as \emph{tail label learning}. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the tail label learning problem. Based on the observation that the raw feature representation in LMLL data usually benefits HLD, which may not be suitable for TLD, we construct effective and rich label-specific features through exploring labeled data distribution and leveraging label correlations. Specifically, we employ clustering analysis to explore discriminative features for each tail label replacing the original high-dimensional and sparse features. In addition, due to the scarcity of positive examples of TLD, we encode knowledge from HLD by exploiting label correlations to enhance the label-specific features. Experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed method in terms of performance on TLD.
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Zhu, Yada, Jianbo Li, Jingrui He, Brian L. Quanz e Ajay A. Deshpande. "A Local Algorithm for Product Return Prediction in E-Commerce". In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/517.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the rapid growth of e-tail, the cost to handle returned online orders also increases significantly and has become a major challenge in the e-commerce industry. Accurate prediction of product returns allows e-tailers to prevent problematic transactions in advance. However, the limited existing work for modeling customer online shopping behaviors and predicting their return actions fail to integrate the rich information in the product purchase and return history (e.g., return history, purchase-no-return behavior, and customer/product similarity). Furthermore, the large-scale data sets involved in this problem, typically consisting of millions of customers and tens of thousands of products, also render existing methods inefficient and ineffective at predicting the product returns. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose to use a weighted hybrid graph to represent the rich information in the product purchase and return history, in order to predict product returns. The proposed graph consists of both customer nodes and product nodes, undirected edges reflecting customer return history and customer/product similarity based on their attributes, as well as directed edges discriminating purchase-no-return and no-purchase actions. Based on this representation, we study a random-walk-based local algorithm for predicting product return propensity for each customer, whose computational complexity depends only on the size of the output cluster rather than the entire graph. Such a property makes the proposed local algorithm particularly suitable for processing the large-scale data sets to predict product returns. To test the performance of the proposed techniques, we evaluate the graph model and algorithm on multiple e-commerce data sets, showing improved performance over state-of-the-art methods.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Discrimination de taille"
1
Bouillon, César P., e Viviane Azevedo. Intergenerational Social Mobility in Latin America: A Review of Existing Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article reviews evidence on intergenerational social mobility in Latin America. Results indicate that mobility is low in the Region. The evidence also suggests high levels of immobility at the income distribution's lower and upper tails. While intergenerational education mobility has improved in recent decades, which may increase income mobility for younger populations, overall the Region still presents lower intergenerational social mobility. These results may be associated with social exclusion, low access to higher education, and labor market discrimination.
2
Bouillon, César P., e Viviane Azevedo. Social Mobility in Latin America: A Review of Existing Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010919.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper reviews evidence on social mobility in Latin America. Several studies have used data sets that collect intergenerational socio economic information. The data, though limited, suggest that social mobility is low in the region, even when compared with low social mobility developed countries like the United States and United Kingdom, with high levels of immobility at the lower and upper tails of the income distribution. While Latin America has improved education mobility in recent decades, which may have translated into higher mobility for younger cohorts, the region still presents, except for Chile, lower education mobility than in developed countries. The paper also reviews studies on the main determinants of the regions low levels of social mobility, including social exclusion, low access to higher education, and labor market discrimination.