Tesi sul tema "Discours et récits médiatiques"
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Birot, Ludovic. "La mise en scène du sport dans les récits médiatiques des journaux télévisés de 1995 à 2004". Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL570.
Testo completoSince the creation of the press, the question of the capacity of the media always made debate. The objective of this thesis is to check if the current takeover of the media by the economic sector constitutes a risk. More precisely, it is a question of appreciating, in the TV news of the French terrestrial network, how the information of entertainment and more particularly the sporting data are processed. Indeed, these sporting accounts media considered consensual and futile are also carrying phenomenal stakes for the development of the chains. Consequently, the question is to wonder wether these spaces of information were not transformed into space of clandestine promotion. For the study of this phenomenon, a tool for semiolinguistic analysis of the media accounts compatible with the base of files of the National institute of audio-visual (INA) was developed to compare the settings in scenes of the media accounts of various chains on the long run
Meunier, Michel. "Récits de rêves et anxiété : influence sur le discours". Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081968.
Testo completoBerthomier, Anne. "Discours médiatiques sur les biotechnologies en France (1970-1999)". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSF0006.
Testo completoGrosjean, Lætitia. "Un musée des autres ? Discours de l'institution et co-constructions médiatiques". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1002.
Testo completoThe thesis focuses on the institutional discourse of the Quai Branly Museum (MQB) from two perspectives: the implementation of a declared interdisciplinarity between anthropology and art history, and the museum’s intention to be a place "where cultures dialogue", as its slogan has it. The study of the construction and circulation of meaning takes two forms: (1) an observation of the gradual development of the concept behind the museum, through analysis of the interaction between the discourse of institutional actors and the social discourses in the media (1996-2006); (2) a study of the mediation process and media coverage of MQB’s cultural productions after its opening (2006-2013). The proposed approach is a socio-semiotic reading-analysis of museum communication that looks into representations of otherness through the prisms of the social topos of common sense and a theorization of cultural triviality. The methodologies are adapted to the complementary corpora investigated. Thus, a daily news corpus (1996-2006) is studied using discourse analysis as a discursive moment contained in an event-type framework, titles of temporary exhibitions (2006-2013) by an analysis inspired by interpretative semantics, exhibition posters (2006-2013) by a visual semiotic, and finally, five exhibitions (2011-2013) are analyzed as expographic discourse linked to text circulation (press kits and press releases, website pages, exhibition catalogs and cultural press). The thesis shows that from the public assertion of its declared ethos to its ethos in action, the MQB is a museum of "us" which stages Others, serving as a tool for the promotion of art
Verger, De Oliveira Christelle. "Passions financières et manipulations médiatiques : le discours de la presse en temps de crise". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0120.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the semiotic study of the passionate dimension of journalistic writingsabout the 2008 financial crisis. From a theoretical perspective, this thesis contributes to thegeneral questioning of the semiotics of passions developed by Greimas and Fontanille. Itdescribes the significant theoretical adaptation that semiotics of passions provided, by adding tothe description of the production process of passionate states journalistic writings crisis, theprerequisite of the emotional potential of economic and social situations. From a methodologicalpoint of view, this work is written in the context of open interdisciplinary semiotics. It is locatedwithin an epistemological framework in which the boundaries between semiotics of passions,anthropology, economics and sociology become permeable. For this, we have selected, amongothers, the level of life forms and semiotic interactions developed by Landowski that allow specificanalysis of relationships with others and with action. The journalistic discourse on the crisis thusmarks the starting point of a semiotic reflection on a topical social issue. Our three-step analysisinitially defines journalistic writing as a generative perspective which shows the simplestcomponents as related to complex components in a course that organizes and provokesexchange. The second step shows that the existing passion effects in the economic system arethe result of failures from an incompatibility in internal positioning between the different actors�rationality and freedom. The third part presents the news corpus and exposes the process ofproduction of passionate states
Abdoulmalik, Ibrahim Zeid. "Le discours du voyageur sur Djibouti entre 1930 et 1936". Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO2009.
Testo completoBescond-Bogaert, Murielle. "Entre ordre et désordre : discours et représentation du corps dans les récits de Tobias Smollett". Aix-Marseille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIXM0010.
Testo completoNo reader of Smollett’s narratives can fail to notice that bodies matter. The project aims at showing, in the light of Bakhtin's concept of dialogism, that Smollett's fiction wavers between two opposite directions. On the one hand, what stands out is an ideologically conservative medical type of discourse on the body which hinges on the notions of order and balance. On the other hand, an aesthetics of transgression is at work; it is based on disorder and excess and its functioning is enlightened by another Bakhtinian concept, the grotesque, as well as by Stallybrass and White’s redefinition of the grotesque. The body as sex is also brought into focus from a psychoanalytical perspective which helps unveil an oxymoronic process involving disgust and desire, fear and fascination. What is at stake throughout the study is the contention that such dialogic tension enlightens not only the representation of the body but also the textual functioning of Smollett's fiction
Bescond-Bogaert, Murielle. "Entre ordre et désordre : discours et représentation du corps dans les récits de Tobias Smollett". Aix-Marseille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX17000.
Testo completoNo reader of Smollett’s narratives can fail to notice that bodies matter. The project aims at showing, in the light of Bakhtin's concept of dialogism, that Smollett's fiction wavers between two opposite directions. On the one hand, what stands out is an ideologically conservative medical type of discourse on the body which hinges on the notions of order and balance. On the other hand, an aesthetics of transgression is at work; it is based on disorder and excess and its functioning is enlightened by another Bakhtinian concept, the grotesque, as well as by Stallybrass and White’s redefinition of the grotesque. The body as sex is also brought into focus from a psychoanalytical perspective which helps unveil an oxymoronic process involving disgust and desire, fear and fascination. What is at stake throughout the study is the contention that such dialogic tension enlightens not only the representation of the body but also the textual functioning of Smollett's fiction
Chauvin-Vileno, Andrée. "Ironie et intertextualité dans certains récits de Georges Perec". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA1017.
Testo completoAltinbuken, Buket. "Le voyage mis en discours : récits, carnets, guides ; approche sémiotique". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20077/document.
Testo completoThis work aims to study the modes of presence of the subject and the degree of subjectivity in the discourses of travel concerning the city of Istanbul. We propose to address the issue of the presence in the discourse of travel by analyzing three types of discourse (the travel texts, travel notebooks and tourist guides) with the help of semiotics of the enunciation, the semiotics of presence and visual semiotics. The body as a enunciating subject can be studied in the perspective of enunciation and as a perceiving subject can be analyzed in the line of perception. Based on this dual function of the body, we propose to study the marks of subjectivity in the discourses of travel through the enunciating subject and the perceiving subject. In this work, we will observe the enunciation styles which specify the place of the enunciating subject, the different roles and input modes of the enunciator as an observer. In addition, we will examine the forms of presence of the "city", in other words, the participation of the sensoriality (subject) to the representational construction of space (object). Aside from enunciation strategies, the text-image relation, the contribution of different techniques of representation (photography, drawing, map) to the establishment of meaning will be considered in this work. These analysis concerning the enunciation, the perception, the figurativity and polysemiotic structure allow us to define the characteristics of these types of discourse
Froment, Mireille. "Temps et dramatisation dans des récits écrits d'élèves de cinquième". Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H047.
Testo completoWe study time and dramatization in narratives written by pupils twelve or thirteen years old. They had to write the end of the same short text. A common referent has been chosen, which allowed to proceed to a comparison. Propp's theory or his successors' are not relevant. There is no underlying schema from which a text can be composed. In a text we find elements of different types which are mixed together. It is possible to say what are the necessary conditions to produce a narrative and possible to describe dramatization ‘structures but not to anticipate its particular organization. Analysis which includes dialogism enables to consider that texts are in a paraphrase situation. Bakhtine definies a triple dialogism : with preceding texts, with following texts, dialogism within the text itself (produced by locutor's discursive heterogeneity and anticipations of interlocutor's reactions). All our texts are complex narratives and represented types of times are a way to classify them. Narrative time is naturally heterogeneous : chronological time (the same for everybody) and event time (not the same for everybody) (with a pathic value). Time in a text depends on types of verbs and types of actions, on type of discursive heterogeneity, on narrative voice and point of view (through narrator and character's categories). Preceded elements may be actualized on a metaphorical way, they may create textual effects and become "dominant organizer elements". Our texts are classified in families which allowed to elaborate a stylistic between structure and individual particularity
Bonnet, Christian. "Entre récit et douleur : psychopathologie des récits de plaintes". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10068.
Testo completoMauger, Parat Marion. "Les représentations climatiques dans la presse française : analyses sémiologiques et sémiotiques comparées de discours médiatiques, scientifiques et profanes". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948014.
Testo completoMauger-Parat, Marion. "Les représentations climatiques dans la presse française : analyses sémiologiques et sémiotiques comparées de discours médiatiques, scientifiques et profanes". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H006/document.
Testo completoThis doctoral research, conducted through a CIFRE agreement with EDF R&D, aims to understand the structural and narrative organization of climate change representations through four different social spheres in France. First considered as a scientific topic, climate change representations are analysed throughout climate scientists and profane discourses, but also throughout documents such as science popularization magazines and three French newspapers, which of the front pages are considered as a social and historical tracer, particularly during the period running from November 2009 to March 2010. Informative press corpus enables to construct representations of global warming and of the media events that participate to their media life. The use of narrative semiotic methodology allows a comparative study through the different corpuses, in order to spot out the hypothetical circulation of these representations. The eventual aim is a global understanding of climate representations, opening the way for a consideration of the different myths as a basement of our societies, willing to reinvent themselves through new social and cultural myths
Anjos, Yuri Cerqueira dos. "Marcel Proust et la presse de la Belle Époque: ethos, poétique et imaginaire médiatiques". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-09032016-154455/.
Testo completoOs escritos de imprensa de Marcel Proust, mais do que simples exercícios preparatórios para o romance, são produções amplamente inseridas no suporte onde foram publicadas. Através de um estudo que conjuga análise discursiva, análise do suporte e elementos intertextuais, a presente pesquisa visa investigar o diálogo entre a presença de Proust na imprensa e seu contexto midiático. Para isso, propomos um percurso organizado em torno de três elementos centrais: o ethos, a poética e o imaginário. Em primeiro lugar, o estudo do ethos, a imagem de si apresentada no discurso, proporciona uma compreensão de como Proust lida com a especificidade da enunciação no texto de imprensa. Em seguida, procuramos entender como diversos escritos de Proust (manuscritos, reflexões teóricas, escritos de imprensa) dialogam com a poética da imprensa e evocam uma série de traços ligados à escrita periódica (improvisação, submissão à demanda, uso de clichês etc.). Por fim, abordamos o problema do imaginário midiático, a série de representações da imprensa que se mostra presente nos artigos de Proust e que busca apreender as características e consequências do fenômeno midiático de maneira mais ampla. Esse percurso argumentativo em três tempos é empreendido através da leitura sistemática dos textos de Proust e dos periódicos onde ele publicou, bem como da utilização de conhecimentos relacionados à história cultural da época. Considerando a produção jornalística proustiana na sua diversidade - de pequenas notas a contos e artigos de fundo, passando por escritos mundanos e entrevistas -, é possível concluir que o sistema da imprensa constitui, em diversos níveis, um traço fundamental para sua compreensão. A imprensa é, ao mesmo tempo, um elemento central na construção de diversas vozes enunciativas e um fator essencial da prática, do pensamento e das representações encontradas nos escritos de imprensa de Marcel Proust.
Gauthier, Céline. "Une voix au chapitre : Paroles, discours et récits de gestes dans les écrits de danseurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. https://intranet-theses.unice.fr/2023COAZ2005.
Testo completoThis research focuses on the writing practices of contemporary dancers, through the study of a corpus made up of four works recently published by Dominique Dupuy (2011), Enora Rivière (2013), Myriam Lefkowitz (2015), and Noé Soulier (2016). Their publication manifests as much as it participates in a perceptual and aesthetic context, but also an institutional and editorial one which gives place to the voice of the artists. Indeed, these texts have in common to be elaborated from the words of the dancers, whether it is collected during interviews, drawn from a lecture performed or whether it is the reason by which the feeling is experienced. imaginary of a choreographic immediacy. Thus, the elaboration of these works engages for their authors a reflection on the values acquired by the verbalization as by the scription in the practices of dance. Because writing is respected as a transversal process, not judged textual, which introduced effects of gap in the relationship that the dancer maintains to the act of dance, we summon to analyze this corpus the thought of Derrida; this leads us to qualify the phenomena of embeddedness and differance affected by this corpus as relevant to “dancers' writings”. This makes it possible to question the function of these discourses, translated as speaking out against the doxa of a silence inherent in the scenic figure of the dancer: on the one hand, the writing bears witness to the experiences specific to the profession of dancer, and contributes to nourishing or even renewing the representations relating to their artistic and professional status. On the other hand, the publication of a bookish object requalifies the authorship of the dancer with regard to the choreographer as the works he interprets : this contributes to circumscribing a specific discursive regime, which we designate, following Foucault, as a “dancer-function” active in writing. Finally, our analysis considers the interactions between the enunciation of the gesture and the linguistic imagination, when the lexical and body morphology come to merge. Following three theoretical propositions (Godfroy, Louppe, Bernard) which postulate the reversibility of kinesic and semiotic experiences, we question the activity of reception of these works, when the analyzes seek to decelerate the imprint of a "gestuality to say”. Our hypothesis considers that this stems from a fictional mechanism, deployed both in the sensory process by which the dancers adopt a word about their dance and in the reading activity. This underlines the empathic functioning that supports our frequentation of textualities in dance; about the place occupied by literary and scriptural imaginaries in the elaboration of narratives of gestures, as well as in the emergence of metaphorical dynamics. These require the development of bodily logics (Bolens) that shape the corporeality of the dancer who is expressed as much as the narrative modalities by requiring it to be written. This study takes place at the crossroads of concerns carried by kinesic and linguistic analyses, according to a poietic approach which fits into numerous disciplinary, artistic and methodological interactions between dance studies and literary studies
Akpo, Adingbossou Dieudonné. "Interculturalité et violences verbales dans les discours politico-médiatiques français : enjeux sémantiques et socio-discursifs autour de racisme, islamophobie et antisémitisme". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2007.
Testo completoWhat is the argumentative "dynamic" of racist, islamophobic and antisemitism discourses as forms of violence, indicative of the rejection of otherness in the space of French public debate despite the legal texts sanctioning them ? Starting from this questioning which exposes the "flaw" of the counter-speeches, our study questions the lexical meaning of "denominations" (Kleiber, 1981) racism, Islamophobia and antisemitism, and their discursive meaning through the conflicts of "nominations" (Siblot, 2001). With a methodology that is both qualitative and quantitative, the analysis is based on a large and heterogeneous corpus of press discourse and is part of a plural theoretical space centered on the Semantics of Possible Arguments (Galatanu, 1997). Qualitative analyzes linked to the textual statistics performed with Le Trameur, Tropes, TreeCloud and Lexoci3 software have yielded many results. The words racism, islamophobia and antisemitism are "social objects" (Searle, 1998) that do not only appear in discursive contexts of accusation and rejection of the prosecution. If they check almost all the "form" characters (Krieg, 2000c), the "social referent" for example, islamophobia and antisemitism are defined in relation to racism and share the trait / hostility / in their kernels of meaning. Unlike the other two words, islamophobia is not constructed in language as either "theory" or "ideology"; but they are all driven by the doxological, ethical-moral and pragmatic modalities. Supported by the pronouns of the third person singular, racist, islamophobic and antisemitic discourses present a lexicon enamelled insults focused on the issue of socio-political affairs, criticism of immigration, Islam, Jews and a narrative-dialogical discursive structure marked by euphemism, allusion and encryption; while counter-discourses dispense with enunciative marks, present a lexicon structured around racism, islamophobia, antisemitism with a description of the opposing recriminations supported by journalistic comments free from profanity and a descriptivo-polyphonic discursive structure (Bakhtine, 1975)
Santamaria, Flor Alba. "Constances et différences dans l'organisation de récits d'enfants colombiens : événements qui "font peur" racontés par des filles et des garçons de 5 à 13 ans". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H061.
Testo completoThis investigation is dedicated to the analysis of narratives of real stories told by schoolchildren from public schools of Bogota, Colombia. Over a corpus of 50 stories, we analyse the consistencies and differences in the organisation of the narratives. On the one hand we observed the various forms used by children to structure and organise their narratives, as well as the mechanisms used to give them heterogeneity and singularity. On the other hand we identified themes and their relations with the cultural and social world. We also show the various processes used by the children to express events, time, space and spatial/temporal relationships bringing narrative variation whereby the child acquires a genuine dimension as an author and creator of his/her narratives
Sauveur, Yannick. "Les représentations médiatiques de la vieillesse dans la société française contemporaine : ambiguïtés des discours et réalités sociales". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665923.
Testo completoBel, Moujahid Nacera. "Analyse sémio-linguistique des sept principaux récits prophétiques dans le Coran : monothéisme et exclusion du féminin". Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20022.
Testo completoAs its title shows it, our work consists in a semio-linguistic analysis of the koranic stories. However, in view of the koranic corpus and of the diversity of its aspects, we approached only some of the stories : adam, noah, abraham, loth, moses, joseph and solomon. These stories are divided and distributed through several different sourats repeated all through the koran. We superposed the variants to deduce a classic forl of story that should be common to all the others. We upheld the following thesis : god is one and masculine. We reported this idea of the divine unicity as a narrative discursive and expressive phonomenon within the koranic discourse and we also demonstrated how (koranic) monotheism takes place and is imposed in a double transfer : from the plural to the singular and from the feminine to the masculine
Banovic-Guigo, Ingrid. "Contribution à l'étude discursive des récits de l'expérience subjective des voix : temps, espace et discours rapporté". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10060.
Testo completoBernfeld, Karin. "Ecriture du corps et discours clinique dans les autobiographies d'anorexie-boulimie". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070006.
Testo completoTaking an interdisciplinary approach, this study analyses the ambitions and the writing processes found in personal accounts from individuals suffering from anorexia-bulimia, by comparing the spheres of clinical and autobiographical discourses. The corpus consists of retrospective narratives and personal diaries, some unpublished, from 1977 to 2007, from men and women, of French, British, American and Canadian origin. The context of these writings is first of ail clarified by a diachronic study which demonstrates the taboo of eating disorders in men and the mystification of anorexia to the detriment of bulimia. This context is essential to understanding the motivations of the writers, both professional and non-professional, of the corpus, whose stylistic analysis emphasizes a number of common procedures as well as the essential role played by temporality. What emerges next, through observing the writing of the body, is the difficulty of giving an account of an illness where the body tends either to disappear or to become an obsession. Auto-pathography may then impose itself as the sole means of expression. Language is damaged by pathology and writing is thus not always therapeutic. This thesis shows that beyond their documentary features, these texts often resemble indictments. In narratives of hospitalization, the institutional violence inflicted on bodies converges with the intellectual violence of psychiatric power and its discourse. In fact, in these writings what emerges clearly is the force of testimony as a site of resistance. But autobiography can become a case study, pathology an identity; self-writing becomes problematic and runs up against certain limits
Takhedmit-Sadoudi, Hassina. "Récits de vie et points de vue dans des dialogues avec des femmes kabyles : analyse discursive". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H091.
Testo completoBased on a description and a comparison of three interviews with Kabyle women, focused on the theme of their lives, we explored their differences as manifested in their discourse. In spite of their shared situation these women presented varied movements concerning : - the subject matt. Er: each speaker, telling her story put into play several themes and presented different points of view about these themes. - the genre : starting from the genre they were asked for, tell about your life”, the interviewed women entered into different concrete genres that articulated the narration with argumentative movements that mixed in explanatoruy, evaluative, or justifying discourse. The narrative genre took on different features, ranging from pure narrative to indeterminate generic narrative or imaginary (fictitious) narrative. - the worlds : in telling about her personal life, each woman alternated (in relation to the theme in question) belween specific and generic. Statemenis, and discourse about “F’. ‘we’ they”, or the French third person singular “on”. Through these different movements, each woman’s discourse presented both features shared with die others and a discourse and mode of reaction that differed, giving each woman particular subj ect status. Thus, in the act of puting into words, the speaker both resembles others and bas her own "discursive strategy. ”
Nikishina, Tatiana. "L'inconstance de la voix narrative dans les récits de Maurice Blanchot". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070030.
Testo completoThe thesis is aimed at taking Blanchot's affirmation seriously according to which literature deals with movement rather than with signification. The dynamics of the narrative voice is principally examined from semiotic and lingo-rhetorical viewpoints. It gives an opportunity to discover the double imperative of the narrative voice — critical as well as fictional — and to compare the critical dimension of Blanchot's prose with the poetic implication of his essays. Hence, in three parts of the thesis the narrative voice relation of nonidentity is viewed from three different although complimentary perspectives. In the first part the essential ambiguity is examined as a principle, a critical method and an ethos of Blanchot's critical and fictional writing during 1940s -1950s, a period when Blanchot was engaged in a dialogue with Paulhan, Mallarmé, Sartre, Kafka, Rilke. In the second part the ways the text deals with image in Blanchot's récits (short narrative form which is related to paradox) are studied as a practice of dissimulation. Within this practice the point of non-coincidence of the narrative voice reveals. From this point the narrative visibility is approached as a complex phenomenon, which combines semiotic and axiological aspects of Blanchot's discourse with its mimic practice. In the third part the ways the text deals with distance in the récits are examined. These ways cause interiour destabilization of the narrative structure and put every narratological approach in question. Detailed analysis of Celui qui ne m'accompagnait pas gives an opportunity to put emphasis on the passion for instability and instable passion of Blanchot's oeuvre
Fontaine, Béatrice. "Le discours sur l'histoire dans les récits de voyage en Italie de 1790 à 1820". Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2026.
Testo completoThis research deals with the vision of Italy through its history in French travel accounts spanning the period 1789-1820. The specificity of these accounts is firstly underlined by setting them in the general travel literature context as well as their more specific historical context marked by the French revolution. Then the study focuses on some travellers (Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Comte d'Espinchal, Comtesse de Boigne, Sergent-Marceau, General Desaix, Paul-Louis Courier, Chateaubriand, Madame de Staël, Stendhal), the circumstances of their journeys and the features of their travel accounts, either traditional (epistolary writing, topoï of travel literature) or innovative (autobiography, new political, philosophical and aesthetic theses) where considerations on the history of Italy -totally new in accounts of travel to Italy- testify that French travellers of the early 1800s cast at Italy a new glance enlivened by the acute consciousness of the revolutionary upheaval
Grierson, Karla. "Discours d'auschwitz : litterarite, representation et symbolisation dans les récits de déportation du complexe auschwitzien (1955-1995) et leurs exegeses". Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030019.
Testo completoThis study is based on a disturbing observation: the ignorance and repression of the (written) voice of survivors in commentary on the national socialist deportation and genocide. Dealing with 51 autobiographical accounts of Auschwitz in French, English, German and Italian, as well as with a large body of critical work, we confront the communication of experience deemed necessary by the survivors with the "silence" that characterizes a great number of exegeses. However, we are not concerned with decoding the experience itself, but only with its representation or the way in which it is expressed. Following the brief presentation of the historical setting of the accounts, the first section of our study, while assessing the critical discourse on writing of the nazi deportation and genocide, as well as the biographical profiles of the authors of the accounts chosen for the study, is devoted to establishing the distinction between writing and experience, which gives the survivor accounts their literary quality or literarily, this concept, presented hypothetically, is confirmed empirically in the second section of our analysis, where the reader discovers the vast descriptive universe created by the survivors of Auschwitz, that a minority of commentators, in the case of the most well-known texts, have attempted to interpret. The representation of Auschwitz is not limited to simple description of persons, places and situations, and if these remain predominant in many cases, the survivor accounts also transmit their message through less direct channels, that we may call symbols and a symbolic system. It is thus, as we see in the third section of the study, that the survivors have succeeded in representing that which is difficult to describe literally: the process of genocide. Nevertheless, if the survivor accounts are capable of representing or even transcending experience through symbolic expression, the same cannot be said of those attempts at symbolization, found in critical discourse, which either lead to empty remarks on "silence" and "unspeakability", or erase the particularity of survival in Auschwitz with a jumble of generalities about "Auschwitz", used as a nebulous symbol of the Shoah, of all Nazi crime, or even of barbarity in the 20th century
Messara, Dahia. "Discours puritain et voix indienne dans les récits de captivité nord-américains des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4475/document.
Testo completoThis study is dedicated to the analysis of seventeenth-and early eighteenth-century Puritan discourse and the way in which the agency of Indian appears in writings penned by the Puritans, a prominent subsection of which falls under the genre known as Indian Captivity Narrative. My main intention was to go beyond the initial characterization of captivity narratives and claim that these texts are not only about the actual physical and moral experience of the white Christian captives among the Indians, but also deal with more abstract and less often addressed forms of captivity. One such (less immediately obvious) form of captivity is, metaphorically speaking, that of the Indian “voice” in white narratives. This study therefore addresses the following questions: How does the Indian voice come across in such prose? What kinds of discourse do Mary Rowlandson, Hannah Swarton, and other former captives attribute to their former abductors? How do these former captives render and reconstruct dialogues that purportedly occurred between them and their Indian captors? This presentation of the Indian voice is not only conditioned by the former captive’s attitude (i.e., by the author’s voice), but it is also altered by the specific bias of those in charge of controlling the contents of the narrative, i.e., the editors and the publishers, such as Cotton and Increase Mather, who were the most influential representatives of the political and religious establishment of the time
Pallares, Emma. "La Fuite autobiographique dans les récits de Philippe Soupault". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30001.
Testo completoThe autobiographical avoidance in Philippe Soupault's narratives. The reading of the narratives, short stories and novels written by Philippe Soupault, enlightened by his more traditionally autobiographical texts - diaries, memoirs, interviews - reveals an original practice of autobiography. An experienced reader only can foil the trays of concealment Soupault has instituted. Beyond the procedures of avoidance - the myth of failure, the refusal of remembrance, the model-characters - a self-centred writing arises. The works echoe as a manifesto on oblivion ; the notion of “ autofiction ” provides an interpretative framework. Thus, one can detect in the novelistic attemp - stamped by its time and by surrealist aftermaths - a fictionalization of the author's self. The reader becomes the interpreter of the one who, even under varied masks, remains present in his works
Chabaud, Sandrine. "Sémiologies et entreprise de 1950 à l'an 2000 en France : vers la construction des discours identitaires et institutionnels des méga-marques médiatiques". Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020027.
Testo completoHare, Isabelle. "Représentations médiatiques et stratégies discursives dans les conflits nord-irlandais et israélo-palestinien sur Internet et dans la presse écrite". Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/hare_i.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the discourses and the strategies of the media when reporting armed conflicts. The comparison between the Israeli-Palistinian and the Northern-Irish conflicts enable us to analyze the nature of the discourses produced by the political actors and by the media, and to foresee their potential evolution with the development of the internet. In situations of armed crisis, State and media logics tend to tighten in the name of a democratic consensus against the authors of the violence. However, the media representations sometimes get loose from the official discourse of the State, in order to keep the freedom of information. This alternative must be rethought with the broadening of the use of the internet by various actors of the conflicts. The specificity of its technical device invites the actors of the conflicts to seize this media in discursive logics, if not new, at least different from those of the traditional media. The hypertextual and multimodal nature of the discourses which the political actors offer on internet thus implies to rethink the discursive strategies, traditionally in work, and the connections between media and actors in the situations of conflict
Tandia, Mouafou Jean-Jacques Rousseau. "Lecture sémiostylistique de la sensiblité dans les récits de Jean-Jacques Rousseau". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040243.
Testo completoThis work is about the verbal aspect of the literary work as a gainful prospect to the study of sensibility in Jean Jacques ROUSSEAU's narratives. To achieve this target, we made use of the semiostylistic method which is built along the line of two trends both different and complementary: serial stylistics and that which carefully studies the text as an oration, taking into account the outsending and the reception poles. We first of all studied the discursive statute of ROUSSEAU's narratives and their orientation to the receptor by analysing the intratextual statute of different actors of the communication process. This brought about the identification of sensibility within this macro-text, not merely expressed as an anecdotal content but as form and signification fully embodied in the stylisitc tact. In a general way, sensibility is thus comprised in the sphere of influence of generic literarity towards and individuation in the light of peculiar literarity. Finally, it appears to be a discursive praxis whose reception is clearly directed through different levels of the ladder involving the relationship between the outsender and the receptor
Kovács, Eszter. "Le voyage dans la pensée de Diderot : sa fonction et sa critique dans la fiction, dans le récit de voyage et dans le discours philosophique et politique". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSF0044.
Testo completoDiderot is the most sedentary among the French Philosophes: he refuses travelling except his only trip to Holland and to the Russian capital of Catherine II in 1773-1774. His views about travels and travel literature are the opposite of the enthousiasm of the eighteenth century. He does not trust travel accounts about faraway societies and recently discovered areas and claims that travelling is rarely useful in a young man’s education. Travel accounts should be severely supervised and compared to each other to fight prejudice, errors and deliberate lies. Diderot does not believe in the educational use of travelling without special conditions and an appropriate preparation. Despite this critical position and refusal, an attentive reading of his writings from early fiction to mature political thought shows a great interest in the role of travel in modern history and philosophy. Diderot accepts that travel accounts are indispensible sources of political, social, religious and anthropological information
Zhou, Li. "Lieux de mémoire dans les récits d'André Gide". Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10026.
Testo completoFarid, Georges. "Analyse lexicale, syntaxique et textuelle de récits d'enfants de 11-12 ans à partir d'une bande dessinée". Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H041.
Testo completoJeannelle, Jean-Louis. "Vies majuscules : mémoire, discours historique et récits de soi : une enquête sur le genre des mémoires au XXe siècle". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040175.
Testo completoAccording to studies of personal writing, the Memoir's long tradition has been in decline since Chateaubriand. Was the Memoir only the prehistory of personal writing? If the genre of " Capital Lives " did in fact experience a period of decline at the beginning of the century, the defeat of May-June 1940 and its aftermath reestablished a civil war climate conducive to a renewal of the writing of collective events. During this period the Memoir rediscovered its true function : to be the narrative reconfiguration of a life's memorable events, transmitted in the hopes of illuminating the motives of individuals engaged in the course of History. Four major models may be isolated: the militant in the case of Victor Serge, the leader in the case of General de Gaulle, the intellectual in the case of Simone de Beauvoir, and the writer-man of action in the case of André Malraux. The particular status of this genre in the 20th century comes from the fact that, in spite of the great stability which the Memoir owes to a sociocultural need and framework, its borders remain in flux. Superimposed under the same term we find four distinct modes interacting in a complex fashion. The Memoir is at once a generic category, a discursive practice, a model of composition and the ego-historic pole of the self narrative. Moreover, due to its situation between history and literature, the Memoir underwent extensive questioning in the course of the 20th century. Although archivally-oriented historians have favored other documents over memoirs, recent scholarly interest in the history, politics and theorization of memory has attracted new interest to the genre. Finally, the generic variations of writers like Marguerite Yourcenar, Céline, Louis Aragon or André Malraux have established the Memoir's literary value--of which Malraux's Antimémoires are certainly the best proof
Dang, Qinran. "Brouillard de pollution en Chine. Analyse sémantique différentielle de corpus institutionnels, médiatiques et de microblogues". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0009.
Testo completoAir pollution has increasingly become a serious problem in China, more and more journalistic articles and miniblogs (weibo in Chinese, equivalent to tweet), comming from governmental or media websites, social networks, blogs and forums, etc., discuss the issue of «雾 霾» (wumai in Chinese, means smog) in China through several angles : political, ecological, economic, sociological, health, etc. The semantics of the themes adressed in these texts differ significantly from each other according to their textual genre. In the framework of our research, our objectif is double-fold : on the one hand, to identify different themes of a digital propose-bulit corpus relating to wumai ; and on the other hand, to interpret differentially the semantics of these themes. Firstly, we collect the textual data written in chinese and related to wumai. These journalistic articles and weibo deriving from three traditional chinese and the social network are divided into four genres of sub-corpus. Secondly, we constitute our corpus through a series of data processing : data cleaning, word segmentation, normalization, POS tagging, benchmarking and data organization. We study the characteristics of the four genres of sub-corpus through a series of discriminating variables - hyperstructural, lexical, semiotic, rhetorical, modal and syntactic - distributed at the infratextual and intratextual level. After that, based on the characteristics of each textual genre, we identify the main themes exposed in each genre of sub-corpus, and analyze the semantics of these identified themes in a contrastive way. Our analysis results are interpreted from two angles : quantitative and qualitative. All statistical analysis are assisted by textometric tools ; and the semantic interpretations are implemented on several fundamental concepts of SI (Sémantique interprétative) proposed by Rastier (1987)
Lubnau, Anne. "Phénomène de récits de vie et communication intergénérationnelle : les sites institutionnels et non institutionnels des récits de vie intergénérationnels". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30038/document.
Testo completoWhat predisposes Portugal, Brazil, Quebec, and Indiana in the USA, to set up institutional sites of “life stories” on supports (media) videos (like virtual museums), unlike in France, where such initiative remains private life? We will try to focus on the strength of life stories, and we will try to understand why countries chose to podcast them. Actually, do they use life stories in order to hand over to the rising generation, and to make them more visible and audible, so that life stories are passing on and leave prints forever (to let posterity)? Besides, what is the content of these prints, and what do they occur to the generations? Also, what about the interaction between them? In fact, we will try to podcast and study semiotic, semantic and semiological prints of life stories that we can find on the following websites, called “Museum of the person" which is suitable for the four countries that we have previously mentioned. It seems that life stories prints found in digital and audiovisual media, are like a material building, as real as a museum in a given and real place. Moreover, we have to say that a life story is like a "permanent movement between the past and the present” that influences the present dialogue. We are facing with such new standards, especially with successive paradigms or paradoxical movements of recontextualization and symbolic reconfiguration, every time that a life story is told from a citizen to another. Life stories and memory passing down generation to generation, are very common to English and Australian people. It truly seems that life stories prints are part of a social link between all the generations, and also between national and non-national citizens. This important social link takes part of aspecific care/ attention to memories and their responsibility that are shared between ascendants and descendants. This care program is called "neguentropy". It is an ethical and responsible program based of the attention to others, and generosity. All this plan of actions, relying on the attention of life stories, should be part of a”physical and mental public noopolitic health program”. The aim is to face attention deficit disorder and intergenerational discord. Finally, a "psychopower" should be set up by our governments in order to serve an “industrial policy of spirit mind technology”
Massiani, Jean-Stéphane. "Du parcours au discours : étude des journaux de James Cook". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10112.
Testo completoRuffini, Elisabetta. ""Cela devient une histoire" : Auschwitz et ses récits : Charlotte Delbo et Primo Levi". Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030078.
Testo completoIs the narrative account a literary genre? Our research answers this question, by looking at the specific field of concentration camp literature, in particular the work of Charlotte Delbo and Primo Levi, survivors and witnesses through their writing. The first part of our work centres on theoretical questions: having considered the place of the narrative account in the writing of History and the system of literature, we discuss the concept of the unspeakable and analyse the releasing effect of the act of bearing witness, and the structure of the narrative. The second part studies the collective memory of deportation: an awareness of the construction and evolution of the panorama of memory devoted to deportation is essential in order to properly understand the challenge faced by survivors who seek to bear witness. The third part offers a comparative analysis of Charlotte Delbo’s trilogy Auschwitz and after and Primo Levi’s If This is a Man. A comparison with traditional genres leads us to conclude that the narrative account should not be considered as a genre in its own right, but rather as a postural statement
Bessis, Sandrine. "Souvenir des ancêtres et histoire orale au Vanuatu. Les récits de chefferies anciennes aux îles Shepherd". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030073.
Testo completoIn the middle of the 15th century, in central Vanuatu, the Kuwae volcano erupted. This cataclysm with global consequences gave rise, on a local scale, to the dislocation of a mythical island into an archipelago — the Shepherd Islands. For dozens of generations, the descendants of the pre-eruption people have been transmitting and confronting their versions of the Kuwae myth, particularly in the context of land disputes. These legitimizing discourses, endowed with a social efficacy at the very moment of their enunciation, summon a panoply of proofs, by virtue of a certain logic of historical truth. In the 1960s, it was these historico-mythical discourses from the old chiefdoms that enabled the archaeologist José Garanger to discover burials, thus corroborating the historical reliability of the oral tradition. Based on three distinct genres of discourse on the past, collected in the field in the Namakura and Nakanamanga languages, we propose to document and study the socio-historical scope of the Kuwae myth
Manca, Tania. "Voyages européens en Afrique Subsaharienne (XVIIIe et XIXe siècles) : poétique d'un genre, variantes et évolutions d'un discours : François Le Vaillant, Carlo Piaggia et Mary Kingsley". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040116.
Testo completoThis research is aimed by the project of defining the poetic of the literary genre of travel account, between the end of eighteenth century and the end of nineteenth century. This work stands at the crossing between literature, anthropology and history of ideas. It shows the existence of travel discourses on Subsaharian Africa, which inscribes against the stream in relation to the majority of the other discourses produced and diffused in Europe during the analysed period. This thesis is focused on the different phases of writing, publication and reception of François Le Vaillant, Carlo Piaggia and Mary Kingsley's works. Coming from different European countries, according to their pluridisciplinary formation, these tree travellers' works represent a subject of research which proves extremely pertinent in a interdisciplinary analysis, and which underlines a new approach of a kind of discourse often neglected
Crumière, Christelle. "Ecritures en influences : emprunts à l'Histoire, empreintes du mythe, dans les récits médiatiques du 11 septembre 2001 : Une hypothèse informée par le Figaro, Le Monde et Libération". Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020122.
Testo completoKim, Eun-Young. "Le discours des missionnaires français en Corée (1831-1886) : correspondances et relations". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0130.
Testo completoThe distant mission generates writings which are mostly represented by correspondence. Between 1831, the erection year of the apostolic vicariate of Korea entrusted to the Société des Missions-Étrangères de Paris, and 1886, the conclusion year of the first treaty between Korea and France, the French missionaries in Korea used to write in an almost uninterrupted rhythm, letters or accounts which reflect their way of life. Thus this situation gave rise to so many particular types of text which are travel account, edifying story and narration of martyrdom. It is these three types of missionary's writings that the Ph. D. Dissertation analyses in a rhetoric approach. From these analyses, the study tries to answer the following question what is a missionary's text in the 19th century? In this sense, the dissertation intends to be line with religious history without aiming at writing a history of the Catholic Church of Korea or a history of French Catholic missions
Levy-Jahanbakht, Dominique. "A la découverte de l'Iran entre tradition et modernité : récits de voyages en Iran entre 1906 et 1941 : quête de savoirs et discours interculturels de voyageurs germanophones". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC011/document.
Testo completoThis thesis aims at analyzing the discourses on Iran in the narratives of German-speaking travelers between 1906 and 194. The body of literature is made of thirty narratives written by scientists and their spouses, businessmen, diplomats and writers. The analysis is structured along the perception of nature, the vision of technical progress, and the judgements of religions and women’s conditions. This research questions the means of circulation of knowledge in these stories and the specificity of the female travel story.The thesis takes into account the influence rooted in the travelers’ cultural background and their criticism of European values. If some travelers’ narratives demonstrate the importance of interaction with the local population and challenge the supremacy of European-like progress, others, and especially the women’s narratives, offer the image of a German patriarchal society the travelers sought to escape
Djaballah, Boulahbel Marie-Claire. "Entre journalisme et littérature feuilletonesque: la Nahda selon Ibrâhîm al-Muwaylihî et ses contemporains : discours, récits et chroniques de société dans la presse égyptienne du XIXe siècle". Paris, INALCO, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INAL0007.
Testo completoThe subject of this research is about the Nahda, as conceived and built up by its actors-journalists in Egypt during the 19th century. Starting from the writings of a pioneer of this social movement, Ibrâhîm Al-Muwaylihî, and going through critical and literary analysis of his realistic and fictional published discourses, this research is, on the one hand, revisiting the history of this cultural Arab renaissance from a journalistic point of view and is, on the other hand, capturing the relationship between press and literature for a better understanding of how modern Arab literature was born and evolved. A specific emphasis is placed on defining role of the periodical literary and press as a supporting and propagating the Nahda. By reviewing leading, socio-political speeches and socio-satirical stories published at installments, this research makes an inventory of the dominant topics and offers conclusions about one of the largest newspapers of the Nahda, Misbâh Al-Sarq, a historical and political work, Mâ Hunâlik, and a new literary work, Mir'ât al-Âlam, all created by Ibrâhîm Al-Muwaylihî. The latter work is quoted, analyzed and compared with other newspapers. This research offers a synthesis of important Nahda questions about the press and the literature of an era, tracks and traces its history as witnessed by its actor-journalists, including their views about relations between the East and the West and mutations in the Arab and Muslim world. It offers an insight into a new Arabic literary style born in the press, analyzes the transmutation of the maqâma into a social novel and summarizes the Muwaylihi's Nahda thoughts, which remain valid in this 21th century
Svátek, Jaroslav. "Discours et récits de nobles voyageurs à la fin du Moyen Age : Ogier d'Anglure, Nompar de Caumont, Guilbert de Lannoy et Bertrandon de la Broquière". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30042.
Testo completoThe end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century, the noble travelers begin to note their experience of the voyage. Being on pilgrimage, military campaign or the diplomatic mission, the members of aristocracy represent a new element in the later Middle Ages travelogue's production. Our analysis deals with the corpus of writings created by four travelers in Middle-French language. These texts have in common not only the same period of constitution but also some common characteristics, representing the core of our comparison. At first, it considers the phenomenon of the religious pilgrimage whose literary expression still depends on the established discourse, mainly in the Holy Land accounts. At that time, the travelogue serve likewise for the representation purposes of its author in his relation to his reception, presenting him like an example to his posterity. Some texts were assigned to inform the person who commanded them about the situation in the foreign countries ; this is apparent in the presence of treaties of the crusade in the Holy Land taking part of two writings of our corpus. Finally, the travelogues of the noblemen reflect how the Western traveler in the later Middle Ages regarded the reality of "the Other", represented by the different cultures and religions in the Near East, but also in the Eastern Europe. The analysis of the four writings, completed by the quantity of references to the other texts of the same type, reveals how the voyage became an important part of the noble culture in the end of the Middle Ages
Bricka, Serge. "Vers un imaginaire cynégétique : analyse de récits de chasse oraux en pays de Savoie". Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE29036.
Testo completoThis sociological inquiry pruposes to individually question some hunters about their practices (with non directive interviews). The sample, which contains fifteen huntsmen, is limited to the savoy country and about popular traditional hunting. A content analysis of topics themes) is realized about whole the interviews to make evident the hunting symbolics and sociological invelvements in the hunters' discourse. Therefore there are two kinds of objects. Firstly, we want to discover sociality's subjects ant the huntmen's sociological organization : rules and normative aspects when the group gebins operations, hunting apprenticeship, social cheavages about nature's symbolic and physical use. Secondly, we search for investigating many huntmen's images with respect to the anthropological studies of g. Durand (les structures anthropologiques de l'imaginaire) : blessed old time's nostalgia and the hunting paradise myth, representation of fantastic animality, the topics of the murder's denial and hunting repentance theme. Another prospect of this inquiry would explain a part of mankind environnment relation : ecology, nature's conservation, natural patrimony and social interests. .
Kateregga, Abubakar. "Comprendre et produire des récits : l'enseignement/apprentissage de la compétence narrative chez les lycéens ougandais en FLE". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL478.
Testo completoThe major objective of this study was to develop reading and writing strategies aiming at improving the appropriation of the narrative competence among high school students in Uganda. The major idea advocated in this research is that in an attempt to understand and produce narratives of all sorts, both learners and teachers ought to consider the "text" concept as a socially influenced object whose origin ans structure are embedded in the conditionsof its production and reception. This is the fundamental view advocated by J. P. Bronckart (1996) in the context of socio-discourse interaction (ISD). This study also draws from the works of J. M. Adam (1999) who, in the context of textual linguistics, conceptualises the "text" as both "abstract" (text) and a "concrete" (discourse) object. In addition, we borrow from M. Bakhtine's theory of "interdiscursivity" to argue that in acquiring narrative competence, text readers and producers should acquire the ability to resolve textual heterogeneity which is embedded in all narratives. This heterogeneity is detectable in the following domains : text types, genres dan discourse, text themes, language functions and speech acts
Calabrese, Laura. "Le rôle des désignants d'événements historico-médiatiques dans la construction de l'histoire immédiate: une analyse du discours de la pensée écrite". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210172.
Testo completoLa réflexion théorique sur l’événement a également permis d’observer le fonctionnement singulier du discours d’information, notamment en regard du discours historique, tout spécialement à partir de leur saisie particulière du temps, à savoir, les temps courts des médias et les temps long ou mi-longs de l’histoire. Cette forme d’appréhender le temps n’est pas sans conséquences sur les modes de nomination des médias, car ils ont besoin de nommer toute occurrence jugée événementielle, souvent sans le recul nécessaire pour les intégrer dans un récit global. La pratique conduit en effet le discours de l’information à produire une grande quantité de désignants qui pourront être mémorisés par les lecteurs sans pour autant produire de véritables connaissances. Malgré cette hypertrophie, l’événement médiatique constitue un repère collectif primordial pour organiser le vécu public. En ce sens, il est à distinguer du fait divers, qui n’organise pas le temps social mais produit, au contraire, des discours répétitifs, ancrés sur des archétypes et non sur l’actualité. Dans sa fonction cathartique, le fait divers présente une mise en récit du dysfonctionnement de la société et, dans sa répétitivité, n’a pas besoin d’être mémorisé par le discours social. Comme corollaire, il produit moins de dénominations et plus de séquences narrativisées. Ainsi, un fait divers peut accéder au statut d’événement en fonction de la place que le discours d’information −et la société− lui accorde, à la fois dans l’espace public et dans la matérialité du support écrit.
En tant que construction sociale, l’événement médiatique n’est pas un objet discret. Non seulement il n’est pas disponible tel quel avant l’acte de nomination, mais il n’est pas immédiatement disponible et perceptible. Comme d’autres réalités sociales ou institutionnelles, les événements ont une « ontologie subjective » mais sont perçus comme objectifs. Dans ce cadre, l’instance de médiatisation est fondamentale pour donner corps à l’événement et l’ériger en objet d’intérêt public. La question qui se pose est celle de la mise en forme de l’événement en consensus avec le corps social. Si nous considérons les événements comme des faits institutionnels, il devient évident que leur mode de donation est médiatisé par le biais d’une instance socialement légitimée à laquelle on accorde cette mission :les médias. Le mécanisme de médiation qui intervient ici est la déférence :nous déférons aux journalistes la tâche d’identifier, de décrire et de nommer les événements publics.
L’analyse des désignants d’événements dans une perspective linguistique (sémantique et syntaxique) s’avère ainsi fondamentale pour interroger les représentations mobilisées par le média. En effet, ces séquences linguistiques, largement partagées par le corps social, sont des prêts-à-dire capables de condenser une énorme quantité d’information sur l’événement, de ses données les plus objectives (où, quand, quoi) aux plus subjectives (images, représentations) mais partagées intersubjectivement. La deuxième partie de cette thèse aborde la description de ces séquences linguistiques, dans une démarche qui va de la sémantique lexicale à la sémantique discursive. Les désignants d’événements sont envisagés sous leur forme expansée, c’est-à-dire comme des expressions définies formées à partir d’un nom événementiel, nom qui dénote un événement en langue (attentat, catastrophe, crise, etc.). Cette base lexicale sert à catégoriser l’événement −en fonction de cadres cognitifs communs−, orientant le sens et affectant les représentations des lecteurs.
Parmi les différentes formes, nous distinguons des expressions définies complètes (la guerre en Irak, le massacre de la place Tiananmen, les attentats du 11 septembre, l’affaire du voile) et incomplètes (la crise, la canicule, le tsunami). Ces dernières se caractérisent par la présence d’un opérateur indexical qui fait référence au moment de l’énonciation et ont donc une capacité plus faible à stocker la mémoire de l’événement. Une fois le moment discursif passé, ces expressions ont tendance à être complétées par un complément (i. e. la canicule de 2003). Les expressions définies complètes présentent, elles, une tendance à la condensation. Elles produisent ainsi des mots-événements :des toponymes et des dates en fonction événementielle (que nous appelons héméronymes), ainsi que des désignants occasionnels (Tiananmen, le 11 septembre, le voile, respectivement). Malgré l’effacement du nom événementiel présent dans la dénomination originelle (massacre, attentat, affaire), celui-ci est pour ainsi dire enregistré par l’expression restante, et sert par là à orienter le sens de l’expression. La preuve qu’un sens notionnel a été enregistré par ces expressions est qu’elles peuvent être réutilisées dans des emplois métaphoriques, pour des événements de même nature (le 11 septembre de l’Europe, un Tiananmen à l’iranienne, tsunami financier). L’approche discursive permet également de distinguer des dénominations et des désignations, moins figées et à plus forte valeur axiologique, mais qui contribuent également à la construction de l’événement. Si Mai 68 peut être catégorisé comme une révolte, une révolution ou un mouvement par la presse et par les principaux acteurs sociaux, il peut également être qualifié de coup d’épée dans l’eau ou de rupture culturelle. Les premières constituent des séquences largement partagées dont le but est de catégoriser, mémoriser et retracer l’événement, tandis que les secondes expriment surtout le point de vue d’un énonciateur ou groupe, et ont par là un contenu axiologique plus évident.
Nous essayons de montrer que la description linguistique est une condition nécessaire pour décrire la capacité mémorielle de ces désignants, qui ont des degrés de stabilité et de figement différents. L’établissement des différentes catégories (expressions définies complètes et incomplètes, xénismes, mots-événements accidentels, toponymes événementiels et héméronymes) permet d’étudier leur capacité mémorielle en fonction de leur morphologie. En effet, moins le désignant a de contenu lexical, plus il a de facilité à circuler dans des contextes qui ne sont pas celui d’origine. Ainsi, les toponymes et les héméronymes ont une plus grande capacité d’évocation, en raison de leur proximité avec le nom propre. Dans le discours d’information, ils fonctionnent comme des outils cognitifs qui servent à mémoriser des événements, des images et des discours sur les événements.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bertrand, Sandrine. "Représentations des subalternités, de la ligne de couleur et du genre dans les romans et récits mémoriels mauriciens et réunionnais". Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0005/document.
Testo completoColonial novels try to represant more precisely the Colored people than exotic literature. As colonial museum, Ulysse cafre ou l’histoire dorée d’un Noir written by Marius-Ary Leblond and Ameenah written by Clément Charoux expose colony, its functioning and natives. These colonials mauritians and reunioneses novelists use naturalism style to describe the intimate of races, genius of races. Marius-Ary Leblond say that they are better able to teach insular world than exotic literature. Colored people representations provoke legitimate conflict. In colonial novels, colored women, (Indians, black, “cafrine” , metis) are regarded as racial Other and gendered Other. They are subaltern of white narrators and heros. Conversely, in postcolonial women mauritian and reunionese novels, (Á l’autre bout de moi written by Marie-Thérèse Humbert, Rouge Cafrine written by Véronique Bourkoff and Femme sept peaux written by Monique Séverin) female narrators and heroines criticize continued colonial ideology, which still goes on in societies that were colonized. They give different visions of colored women, enough to represent themselves, to analyze themselves and observe postcolonial society. They still filled with stereotypes and colonialist, phallocrate, orientalist discourses. These rhetorics destroy their identity. Paradoxaly, complex, heterogeneous and multiple identities of female narrators figure into more novelistic fiction than autobiography. However, autobiography is supposed to account for true female narrator’s identity. This way, mauritian autobiography and reunionese autobiography are deconstructed in the texts of our corpus: Miettes et Morceaux written by Eileen Lohka, Letan lontan written by Rada Gungaloo, Tête Haute written by Mémona Hintermann and La Magie de Siva Desiles an autobiographic music hall written by Jasmine Desiles