Tesi sul tema "Diocese of Nicaragua and Costa Rica"
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1
Negy, Kevin. "Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua: explaining economic success levels". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/888.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Latin America is a region that has deep roots in Spanish colonialism. Since its independence, many countries in the region have heavily depended on agriculture exports to industrialized states to support their economies. This has led to political theorists to label Latin America as an area full of "periphery" countries that are exploited for resources by "core countries. Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua were not the exception. In recent years, however, a noticeable difference between the economies of the countries has helped Costa Rica and Panama become more successful than Nicaragua, on the basis of GDP, GNI, and other similar measures. This thesis attempts to explain this economic difference by analyzing what type of relationship the three countries have had with the United States (which has acted as a regional hegemon) and analyzing how each country has handled economic dependence on agriculture. Through this comparative case study, the thesis tries to add to development and dependency theory literature.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
2
Williams, P. J. "The Catholic Church and politics in Nicaragua and Costa Rica". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376017.
Testo completo
3
Boeglin, Naumovic Nicolas. "La frontière terrestre entre le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua". Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette etude analyse les aspects juridiques de la frontiere terrestre entre le costa rica et le nicaragua, qui a donne lieu a plusieurs decisions arbitrales entre 1888 et 1916. Frontiere fluviale dans un premier secteur, le regime juridique du fleuve frontiere, le rio san juan, est aborde, ainsi que l'ensemble des aspects juridiques a partir de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine internationales ( questions concernant les techniques de delimitation et de demarcation, tant terrestre que fluviale, le regime des eaux des baies communes, et l'incidence de la delimitation terrestre sur la delimitation maritime entre ces deux etatsThis study analyses the legal aspects dealing with the costa rica nicaragua territorial boundary, which dispute was resolved through several arbitral awards beetween 1888 and 1916. The legal regime of the boundary river, the rio san juan is analysed, with others legal questions (delimitation and demarcation technics, the legal regime of the waters in the common bays, the incidence of the territorial delimitation over the maritime boundary), and references are made to the international jurisprudence and doctrine on these matters
4
Zanfini, Anne. "Arbres d'ombrage et café au Costa-Rica et Nicaragua : dynamique des stratégies paysannes en situation de crise économique". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur l'évolution du rôle de l'arbre d'ombrage au sein de la caféière. L'arbre a été introduit vers 1890 mais la " révolution verte " de 1950 a bouleversé le paysage caféier : les producteurs ont arraché les arbres d'ombrage pour produire plus. Or, depuis la rupture des accords du café en 1989 combinée avec l'arrivée sur le marché de nouveaux pays producteurs et la surproduction massive du Brésil, on constate une évolution de la place prise par l'arbre dans les caféières. Le retour de l'arbre permet d'expliciter les pratiques paysannes mises en œuvre pour lutter contre la crise. Ces pratiques, reflets des savoir-faire agroforestiers, sont liées aux choix économiques et techniques que le producteur adopte dans son exploitation et elles sont révélatrices des stratégies des acteurs. Cette recherche a pour cadre deux pays producteurs de café d'Amérique centrale : le Costa-Rica et le NicaraguaThis thesis is about the evolution of the shade tree's function within the coffee-plantation. The shade tree has been introduced around 1890 but the 1950 “Green Revolution” disrupted the coffee sector: producers cut shade trees in order to produce more. Yet since the collapse of the Coffee Agreement in 1989 combined with Brazil's overproduction and new producer countries entering the market, an evolution of the shade tree's place within the coffee-plantation has to been noticed. The renewed importance of the shade tree enables us to clarify the country practices implemented to struggle against the crisis. Said practices, which reflect a wide know-how in agro-forestry, are bound to the economic and technical choices made by the producer as regards to his exploitation and reveal the strategies at stake. The setting for this work is two producer countries from Central America: Costa Rica and Nicaragua
5
Abelove, Samantha. "Coming Out of the Margins: LGBTI Activists in Costa Rica and Nicaragua". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/524.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For decades LGBTQ rights have been approached purely by a legal strategy, in particular advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage. However, discrimination and violence against the LGBTQ community continues to be a major issue in Latin America because of cultural values such as Catholicism and machismo that uphold a standard of and, in turn, have control over people’s sexuality. Using a human rights approach towards the politics of sexuality, LGBTI activists in Costa Rican and Nicaragua have been successful in transforming public opinion about sexuality and more importantly, sexual diversity. As a result of their egalitarian framework and efforts to educate people about sexual diversity, they have made great advancements toward achieving acceptance and equality for LGBTI people. This study focuses on how Costa Rican and Nicaraguan LGBTI activists have worked around traditional cultural values such as Catholicism and machismo that prevent people from accepting and tolerating LGBTI people. The examples of LGBTI activists in these two countries have important implications for other LGBTI activists and the strategies they use to try to achieve full equality (social and legal) for people whose sexual identity differs from the conventional.
6
Rodriguez, Manuel Antonio Arguello. "Housing policy, democracy and revolution : Costa Rica and Nicaragua during the 1980s". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363825.
Testo completo
7
Ramos, Alberto C. "Development and migration dynamics between Nicaragua and Costa Rica : a long term perspective". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12685.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This PhD thesis explores the migration dynamics between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Rather than just describing the main characteristics of the contemporary migration relations between the two countries, however, it also evaluates the historical and regional contexts within which they have been produced. This has implied the incorporation of a historicised and multi-scale analytical perspective which has been adopted throughout the research. The research therefore explores both expelling and attracting factors in both the origin (with a particular focus upon rural communities in distinct regions of Nicaragua) and the destination. It has also been important to analyse in some detail the continuities and ruptures of the migration history between the two countries in order to understand the current migration dynamics more profoundly. The research stresses that the Nicaraguan Costa Rican migration dynamic should not be seen as as isolated bilateral relationship but as part of a wider dynamic that involves the whole Central American region and that, in general terms, migration should be seen not as an isolated pattern but as a wider process of social transformation.
8
Peralta, Jesus Salvador. "Legislative Institutionalization in Latin America: Nicaragua (1979-2005) and Costa Rica (1871-2005)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194315.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How do legislatures develop or institutionalize? Our knowledge about legislative development is mostly based on studies of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. state legislatures. However, we know next to nothing about legislative development in the emerging democracies of Latin America. Given the need to develop effective democratic institutions in that region, it is critical to understand how institutions change and how legislatures in particular develop. In this study, I develop a model of legislative development that complements rational choice and path dependent explanations of change. In particular, this model provides an answer to the question: how does a legislative organization change into a legislative institution?In particular, I hypothesize that legislative development varies depending on the extent to which electoral and constitutional reforms balance executive-legislative power asymmetries. To test this hypothesis, I compare legislative development in Nicaragua (1979-2005) and Costa Rica (1871-2005). Central to the process of legislative development are: (1) power asymmetries between presidents and assemblies, (2) the rules and organizations that are established to balance these asymmetries, (3) how rules and organizations affect the development of the legislatures from simple, subordinate organizations into complex and autonomous institutions, and (4) how the broader social, political, and economic environment contributes to legislative development.I find that political actors do not act or function within an historical or contextual vacuum, nor does history and context alone determine political choices and outcomes. Instead, political actors function within rational, institutional, and historical boundaries, so an approach that incorporates aspects of both rational choice and path dependent explanations is preferable to existing models of legislative change. Therefore, part of my contribution is (1) to clarify the conceptual confusion surrounding institutions, organizations, and rules, and reduce ambiguity relating to their incorrect use in current scholarship; (2) to conceptualize legislative development as a process - not an outcome - that unfolds in a causally related sequence; and (3) to develop a Bounded Rationality Model that complements rational choice with path dependent explanations of legislative development to explain how organizations become institutions.
9
Noponen, Martin Raimo Andreas. "Carbon and economic performance of coffee agroforestry systems in Costa Rica and Nicaragua". Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/carbon-and-economic-performance-of-coffee-agroforestry-systems-in-costa-rica-and-nicaragua(6a432d2d-72ce-4a7b-a8af-e0ed74bed9df).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coffee agroforestry systems (CAFS) sustain the livelihoods of many people globally at the same time as providing important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration that help mitigate climate change. These systems vary in their composition (especially density and species of shade tree) and management. Changes made to enhance their productivity will affect their climate change mitigation potential. With growing food demand and diminishing availability of agricultural land due to global population growth, as well as an increasing threat from global climate change the trade-offs between the socio-economic and net carbon sequestration performance in CAFS are important. The carbon sequestration and socio-economic performance of a range of CAFS varying in composition and management were assessed in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Measurements and modelled estimates were made of (i) greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from coffee cultivation (the carbon footprint (CF)), (ii) carbon sequestration potential into above-ground biomass and soil organic stocks and (iii) socio-economic performance (productivity and profitability), and their trade-offs analysed. The effects of agronomic management (conventional versus organic) and shade type (ranging from timber trees to full sun) on the CF of two long-standing CAFS experiments in Costa Rica Nicaragua demonstrated that management is the best predictor of the CF whereas shade type has a minor effect. The greatest contributor to the overall CF was N20 emissions from the input of J in applied organic and inorganic fertilisers. Shade systems with high levels of N input from leguminous tree pruning had the highest CF. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased over the first nine years of coffee bush and shade tree establishment in these experiments, although this differed amongst soil layers. Organically managed systems tended to have an increase in SOC in the top 10 cm of soil, though organic and conventional systems had similar (larger) decreases in SOC in deeper soil. Shade type and above-ground biomass had a smaller effect on SOC. Comparison of the CF of these experimental CAFS treatments with their C sequestration potential showed that increases in GHG emissions from production intensification can be compensated for or even outweighed by the increase in C sequestration into above-ground biomass, especially for shaded systems. However, if less productive, lower intensity CAFS are extended onto an area of currently forested land in order to compensate for the shortfall in profitability (compared with higher-intensity, higher-yielding systems), this land-use change causes additional GHG emissions from deforestation. This results in net GHG emissions for the whole system for the majority of shade types tested. Evaluation of the C and socio-economic performance of coffee farms in the regions around the two experimental sites showed that due to the huge variation amongst CAFS there is no single strategy for climate change mitigation that could successfully be applied across the range of farms. Instead it will be necessary to carry out accurate and site-specific farm assessments to inform advice and decisions on system improvement tailored to the needs of individual farms and environmental settings. The findings of this research suggest that there is a place in the C market for CAFS, however their design and management will determine the overall net benefits that can be achieved.
10
Silva, Gracia C. "Solidarity Networks: Trajectories of Nicaraguan Political Refugees in Costa Rica". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595846041204465.
Testo completo
11
Medina-Nicolas, Lucile. "Le dilemme des frontières en Amérique centrale : marges symboliques ou espaces en construction : le cas des frontières Nicaragua-Costa Rica et Costa Rica-Panamá". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100162.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis le début des années 1990, un processus de pacification démocratique et d'intégration économique est engagé par les états d'Amérique centrale. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse se propose de porter l'attention sur la question des frontières. Le champ géographique de cette recherche correspond à deux frontières du sud de l'isthme, entre le Nicaragua et le Costa rica et entre le Costa Rica et le Panamá. Il s'agit d'étudier dans un premier temps les déterminants historiques du processus de fixation de ces frontières relativememt récentes en tant que lignes internationales, ainsi que de la récurrence des conflits, pour permettre, dans un deuxième temps, une mise en perspective du déficit d'intégration et de la marginalité dont souffrent les espaces périphériques. La troisième partie est consacrée à une analyse régionale plus détaillée et à l'examen des avancées en matière de coopération transfrontalièreSince the early 90s, a process of democratic pacification and economical integration has been started by the nations from Central America. In this prospect, this thesis proposes to focus on the border matter. The geographical field of the research fits two southern borders of the isthmus, one between Nicaragua and Costa Rica, the second one between Costa Rica and Panama. The question is first, to study the major historical elements of the fixing process of these relatively recent frontiers as international lines as well as the recursiveness of the conflicts, to allow, second, to consider the integration deficit and the marginality some peripheral areas suffer from. The third part is dedicated to a more detailed regional analysis and to the examination of the advance regarding cooperation through the borders
12
Lauthelin, Valérie. "Étude iconographique et stylistique des vases polychromes sur engobe brun de la grande Nicoya (sud-ouest du Nicaragua - nord-ouest du Costa Rica)". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010578.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans l'isthme centraméricain, la grande Nicoya - sud-ouest du Nicaragua et nord-ouest du Costa Rica - apparait comme l'extension méridionale des cultures mésoaméricaines. Les sources ethno-historiques indiquent, en effet, que cette aire culturelle a subi de fortes influences en provenance du nord, voire de véritables vagues migratoires (chorotegas et nicaraos). Nos connaissances sur la façon dont se sont opérés ces contacts et dont les populations ont rejeté, adopté ou adapté ces influences sont limitées. En l'absence d'écriture, les seuls indices qui peuvent nous éclairer sont à chercher dans les expressions artistiques et les concepts qu'elles véhiculent. À ce titre, la céramique apparait comme un mode d'expression privilégié dont la chronologie est à ce jour bien connue. Entre le VIIème et le XVIème siècle de notre ère, les vases polychromes offrent en effet un impressionnant corpus de motifs qui expriment certains concepts fondamentaux de la pensée religieuse de ces cultures. Ces vases sont classés en trois grandes traditions, les polychromes sur engobe brun sur engobe blanc et sur engobe saumon. Décoder, déchiffrer et comprendre ces images sont les ambitions de cette étude et constituent toute son originalité. Elle s'appuie exclusivement sur la tradition des céramiques brunes, premières poteries polychromes de l'aire apparues vers 500 ap. J. -C. Pour disparaitre autour de 1350. L'analyse iconographique d'environ 1 300 pièces entières originaires des collections publiques et privées du Costa Rica et du Nicaragua a permis de mettre en évidence des concepts mésoaméricains dont l'expression graphique est empruntée à l'iconographie maya ou bien complètement originale. Elle a également permis de tester la validité de la typologie établie mais aussi de dégager le degré et la nature des influences méso et sud-américaines dans une région considérée comme la limite méridionale de la Mésoamérique.
13
Barquero-Romero, Jose Pablo. "Motivations and Choice of Channel for Migrant Remittances: Evidence from Costa Rica-Nicaragua Flowws". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250658633.
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14
Rodriguez, Echavarria Tania. "Gouverner l'environnement dans des régions frontalières : coopération et conflits dans les bassins du fleuve San Juan (Costa Rica-Nicaragua) et du fleuve Sixaola (Costa Rica-Panamá)". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'isthme centraméricain est particulièrement touché par la discontinuité politique provoquée par dix dyades qui divisent la région en sept Etats. Les régions frontalières s'y caractérisent par leur marginalité économique et sociale, mais aussi par leur richesse naturelle puisqu'elles rassemblent les plus importantes aires protégées et bassins hydrographiques de l'Isthme. Cette richesse naturelle attire aujourd'hui l'attention d'une grande diversité d'acteurs nationaux, régionaux mais aussi internationaux, qui mettent en place de nombreuses initiatives de coopération binationale et transfrontalière pour encourager le développement et la conservation de ces régions frontalières. L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser la manière dont les acteurs collectifs (organisations non gouvernementales, coopératives, associations, ministères, autorités indigènes, entre autres) agissant à différentes échelles influencent la gestion environnementale des régions frontalières en Amérique Centrale. Nous étudions les jeux d'acteurs autour des dynamiques de coopérations transfrontalières et de conflits qui se produisent dans les bassins partagés du Rio Sixaola (entre le Costa Rica et le Panamá) et du Rio San Juan (entre le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua)The Central American isthmus is particularly affected by the politic discontinuity caused by ten dyads dividing the region into seven states. Borders' regions are characterized by economic and social marginalization, but also by their natural wealth as they gather the most important protected areas and watersheds of the Isthmus. This natural wealth is currently attracting the attention of a wide range of national, regional as well as international actors who initiate numerous binational and cross-border cooperations in order to encourage the development and conservation of these border regions. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how collective actors (NGOs, cooperatives, associations, ministries and indigenous authorities among others) acting at different scales influence the environmental management of border areas in Central America. We study the interplay of actor5 around the dynamics of cross-border cooperation and conflicts that occur in shared basins of San Juan River (between Costa Rica and Nicaragua) and Sixaola River (between Costa Rica and Panama)
15
Fuentes, Belgrave Laura. "L'autonomie reproductive au Costa Rica et au Nicaragua : un talon d’Achille dans le processus de laïcisation". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Comment expliquer le maintien des restrictions à l’autonomie reproductive des femmes qui prévaut au Costa Rica et au Nicaragua ? Pour répondre à cette question qui demeure plus que jamais d’actualité, cette thèse interroge les conséquences de l'influence de l'Église catholique sur l’établissement des frontières symboliques à l’intérieur desquelles se sont construits les États-nations costariciens et nicaraguayens. Le maintien, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, de l’affinité élective entre les autorités politiques et religieuses a nui aux tentatives de laïcisation de ces pays : à chaque seuil de laïcisation franchi a succédé un seuil de confessionnalisation qui a pris très largement pour enjeu les droits des femmes. Si ces droits sont finalement passés du contrôle religieux au contrôle étatique, le processus de sécularisation reste inachevé, empêchant l’avènement d’un statut de la femme reconnue dans sa liberté à disposer d’elle-même. Les États s’emparent de la morale chrétienne pour confisquer son corps, même si le Nicaragua est devenu laïc tandis que le Costa Rica demeure confessionnel. Cette situation de non-droit est renforcée par l’apparition et le développement rapide des Églises évangéliques qui viennent soutenir l'Église catholique sur le terrain politique grâce à la participation électorale des partis pentecôtistes. Ces communautés religieuses par ailleurs concurrentes trouvent un terrain d’entente autour de la défense du « droit à la vie du non-né » et face à l’émergence des droits sexuels et reproductifs. Elles s’allient pour lutter contre l’accès à l’avortement thérapeutique, à la pilule du lendemain et à la fertilisation in vitro. Cette alliance porte ses fruits : l’avortement thérapeutique est interdit au Nicaragua tandis que la pilule du lendemain et la fertilisation in vitro sont condamnées au Costa Rica. Le populisme, la juridicisation du politique et la resacralisation de « l’ordre naturel » dans les lois, transforment le non-né en sujet de droit, au détriment des droits acquis par les femmes. La laïcité est considérée comme une valeur minoritaire. Elle menace l’identité de la communauté de citoyens et remet en question le ciment chrétien des imaginaires nationauxHow to explain the continued restrictions on women's reproductive autonomy which prevails in Costa Rica and Nicaragua? To answer this question, which remains more than ever, this thesis interrogates the consequences of the influence of the Catholic Church on the establishment of symbolic boundaries inside of which were built the Nations-States of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The maintenance until today of the elective affinity between political and religious authorities has hampered attempts to secularization of these countries: each crossed threshold of secularization was succeeded by a threshold of confessionalization which has taken issue extensively for women's rights. If these rights are ultimately passed from religious control to state control, the secularization process remains incomplete, preventing the emergence of a recognized status of women's freedom to dispose of themselves. States take possession of Christian morality to confiscate their body, even if Nicaragua became secular while Costa Rica remains confessional. This lawlessness is reinforced by the appearance and rapid growth of Evangelical Churches that are supporting the Catholic Church in the political arena with the electoral participation of Pentecostals parties. These religious communities find a common goal about the defense of the "right to life of the unborn" with the emergence of sexual and reproductive rights. They join forces to fight against the access to therapeutic abortion, morning-after pill and in vitro fertilization. This alliance is bearing fruit: therapeutic abortion in Nicaragua is prohibited while the morning-after pill and in vitro fertilization are condemned in Costa Rica
16
Berhorst, Arnim [Verfasser]. "Die Struktur des aktiven Kontinentalhangs vor Nicaragua und Costa Rica : marin-seismische Steil- und Weitwinkelmessungen / Arnim Berhorst". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019670428/34.
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17
Arlinghaus, Kel R. "GENE FLOW IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF CARICA PAPAYA IN THE FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES OF COSTA RICA AND NICARAGUA". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1470400678.
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18
Salzman, Catherine C. "Central American Media: A Comparative Study of Media Industries in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9039/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The five countries that lie on the isthmus connecting North and South America have endured a past of colonialism, civil war, and natural disaster. As these countries evolve in the 21st century, growing economies and political peace provide a promising outlook for the citizens of these nations. The media industries in these nations have varying levels of development which are explored in this thesis. Using Michael Porter's 1990 framework and a case study methodology, this thesis explores the differences and similarities of media industries in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and what may be done to ensure future success in an increasingly global world.
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Salzman, Catherine C. Albarran Alan B. "Central American media a comparative study of media industries in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9039.
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20
Mayzlina, Yelena. "Resistencia popular al libre comercio en Costa Rica y Nicaragua: el capital social en los movimientos contra CAFTA-DR". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110804.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
No autorizado por el autor para ser publicada a texto completoMagíster en Estudios Internacionales
Este trabajo explica las razones por las que la sociedad civil costarricense logró movilizarse de una manera tan eficiente contra el Tratado de Libre Comercio EEUU–Centroamérica, mientras que la nicaragüense tomó una actitud de resignación frente al mismo. Las historias recientes de ambos países llevarían a pensar que la sociedad civil nicaragüense es más movilizada y mejor articulada que la costarricense dado que recientemente pasó por una Revolución que fomentó la participación popular en la política. Sin embargo, ésta resulta ser una conclusión errónea ya que en la realidad, Nicaragua no ha logrado generar los niveles necesarios de capital social que Costa Rica sí posee para forjar una sociedad civil participativa. Usando el marco teórico del capital social, se busca una explicación a las capacidades organizativas de la población de ambos países a través de tres variables: la autonomía y articulación de la sociedad civil y la confianza interpersonal. Se demuestra que en Nicaragua, la sociedad civil no ha alcanzado los niveles necesarios de autonomía, articulación y confianza como para lograr un desarrollo de capital social. En Costa Rica, por el contrario, la sociedad civil tiene posee niveles de capital social y es altamente autónoma y articulada. Por ende, este trabajo concluye que los niveles más altos de capital social en Costa Rica que en Nicaragua fueron el elemento que hizo la diferencia entre la respuesta organizada de la sociedad civil del primero y la relativa debilidad de respuesta del segundo.
21
Goldade, Kathryn R. "South-to-South Migration, Reproduction, Health and Citizenship: The Paradoxes of Proximity for Undocumented Nicaraguan Labor Migrant Women in Costa Rica". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195888.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
International migration has grown in both scope and scale in recent decades. Almost half of the world's migrants move between countries lying within the global economic South, yet scholarship remains focused on South-to-North routes. This dissertation is a qualitative study of South-to-South migration experience of Nicaraguan women living in Costa Rica. In the mid-1990s, Costa Rica surpassed the United States as the primary destination for Nicaraguan migrants due to the coincided effects of economic distress in Nicaragua and economic developments in Costa Rica, creating gaps in the labor market that Nicaraguans filled.During the 1990s, the number of Nicaraguan migrants tripled to compose eight to sixteen percent of the Costa Rican population; women make up around half of the migrant population. What does the experience of moving between destination and origin contexts characterized by relative geographic, cultural, linguistic, economic and historical proximity reveal about the often juxtaposed social processes of integration and transnationalism? To explore this question, over a year of continuous ethnographic field research and systematic archival review of newspaper accounts were pursued in Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2005-06). Participant observation and 138 in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 43 migrant women, of whom two thirds were undocumented, and 12 Costa Rican health care workers. For its symbolic and material value to migrants and host country nationals, the health care system was the lens for examining migration issues and experience.Study findings suggest that multi-dimensional social forms of proximity for this migration circuit do not uniformly facilitate integration or transnationalism but rather the "paradoxes of proximity." Nicaraguan migrant women articulated feelings of profound exclusion and ambivalence about their lives. For Costa Ricans, migrants represented a threat to national ideals of "exceptionalism" central to historical accounts of their national identity. Ideals included racial and class homogeneity as well as the welfare state's successes in providing health care for all. By drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives from critical and clinical medical anthropology, feminist and historical anthropology, the study illustrates the importance of attending to paradoxical, local health-related experiences as a reflection of macro-level processes of globalization.
22
Hernández, Romero Luis Alfredo. "Selection of tropical forages development and implementation of a participatory procedure and main results from Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica". Weikersheim Margraf, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986803529/04.
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23
Day, Rachel. "Peace Without Arms: Viable Option or Far-Fetched Ideal?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24365.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper argues that a State can reconstruct it’s own politics in such a way that allows for more reliance on conflict resolving international organizations and institutions and can reduce the need for military force and/or power politics. Accordingly, the complexities of the security dilemma can be reduced or eliminated. I utilize a single case study approach that analyzes the 2010 territorial conflict known as the ‘Isla Calero’ dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Using both an inductive approach and semistructured interviews, this paper analyzes how the dispute was settled without the use of power politics. It is argued that Costa Rica was able to halt the cycle of the security dilemma through their decision to demilitarize. Moreover, I argue that Costa Rica’s approach is relevant and applicable to other states and could contribute to successful conflict resolution between States without the use of power politics.
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Dinc, Aysun Nilay [Verfasser]. "Local earthquake tomography of Central America : structural variations and fluid transport in the Nicaragua-Costa Rica subduction zone / Aysun Nilay Dinc". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019951737/34.
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Hernández, Elvira Riba. "Alianças trans-fronteiriças: memória política de ações de solidariedade na Costa Rica no contexto da ditadura militar somozista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100134/tde-23062015-005426/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A presente pesquisa de mestrado, trata sobre um processo coletivo de construção de uma memória política sobre ações de solidariedade na Costa Rica durante os últimos anos da ditadura militar somozista, periodo identificado como o mais sangrento desse capítulo da história política recente da Nicarágua. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que tem como base para suas análises, as narrativas de 13 mulheres, da Costa Rica e da Nicarágua, que foram coletadas por méio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada no país de origem de cada uma delas. Para uma melhor compreensão sobre o contexto no qual se deram as ações de solidariedade, apresentamos brevemente um capítulo histórico com fatos relevantes sobre a historia política de ambos países para assim entender como na Nicarágua se instaura uma ditadura e quais eram as características da Costa Rica para que a solidariedade, com o povo nicaraguense, acontecesse no país. Em relação à memória, trouxemos a autores contemporâneos que dialogam com os clássicos, e nos apresentam as formas como ela tem sido estudada através da história das ciências sociais. Para posteriormente incorporar um enfoque psicopolítico, que nos permite desdobrar a memória na sua dimensão política, e assim entender essas ações de solidariedade como formas de participação política. A memória, desta forma, constitui-se como um lugar de resistência em que mulheres dos dois países, imersas em diferentes grupos políticos e condições socioeconômicas, resignificam e desconstróem seu lugar na história e explicitam sua função como agente coletivo de mudança políticaThis master\'s research deals with a collective process of building political memory, about solidarity actions in Costa Rica while the last years of the Somoza\'s military dictatorship, identified as the most bloody period of this chapter of the recent Nicaragua\'s political history. It\'s a qualitative study that analyses the narratives of 13 women from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, collected by semistructured interviews, applied in the country of each one of them. For a better comprehension about the context in which did happen the solidarity actions, we present a historic chapter with important facts about the political history of both nations, for then, understand how was established a dictatorship in Nicaragua and what are the particularities of Costa Rica that made possible the solidarity of ticos with nicas. Regarding memory, we brought the contemporary writers who dialogue with classics, showing us the ways in which memory has been studied throughout the history of the social sciences. To further embed a psychopolitical approach that allows us to deploy memory in its political dimension, and thus to understand these solidarity actions as forms of political participation. Memory, therefore, is constituted as a place of resistance in which women of the two countries, immersed in different political groups and socioeconomic conditions, deconstruct and reframe their place in history and explain its function as a collective agent of political change.
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Kocián, Jakub. "Postavení vybraných středoamerických států ve světové ekonomice". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse position of selected Central American countries in the world economy. Selected countries are Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The thesis is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter provides general information about Central America. The second, third a fourth chapter characterize general and economic information, international trade, foreign direct investments and future possibilities and perspectives of selected countries. In the last part I describe socioeconomic comparison of selected countries.
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Navarro, Genie Rigoberto. "Les sculptures préhispaniques en pierre du versant Pacifique du Nicaragua et du nord-ouest du Costa Rica : et leur contexte archéologique (650 - 1830 apr. J.-C.)". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010508.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse valorise sur le plan scientifique une collection qui a été déjà reconnue de valeur universelle sur le plan esthétique. Nous unifions un corpus de sculptures, dispersées dans plusieurs Musées, collections privées et celles qui sont encore sur les sites. Notre recherche intègre pour la première fois, l'ensemble connu de la statuaire en concordance avec les sites archéologiques et les séquences chronologiques locales et régionales. Les moyens méthodologiques sont la révision des données archéologiques de 80 sites distribuées dans un territoire de plus de 20000 km2• L'étude des sources publiées et inédites permet de relier les statues à soixante-deux sites archéologiques. Un corpus de 415 sculptures fut établi, représentant plus de 150% de ce qui avait été publié auparavant. La standardisation des informations permet de disposer d'un catalogue et d'une banque de données pour ces sculptures. Les fouilles systématiques sur trois sites des îles du lac du Nicaragua, ont apporté, de manière individuelle, des éléments sur le contexte des sculptures ainsi que sur la chronologie. L'étude de pétrographie et l'analyse de pigments trouvés sur les sculptures, documentent les techniques d'élaboration, les matériaux utilisés et la décoration. Une chaîne opératoire est proposée sur la base des résultats. La classification fondée sur la variété établit dix sept catégories iconographiques. L'interprétation appuyée sur les récits du XVIème siècle, propose l'usage de représentations de déités pour les Chorotegas de la zone ouest du lac Cocibolca et d'offrandes funéraires pour les alentours du lac Xolotlan
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Brenner, Helmut. "Marimbas in Lateinamerika historische Fakten und Status quo der Marimbatraditionen in Mexiko, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Kolumbien, Ecuador und Brasilien /". Hildesheim ; New York : Olms, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/124038198.html.
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Venegas, Lopez Jairo. "Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio mortalidad infantil y de menores de 5 años Nicaragua-Costa rica : Modelación del comportamiento en el periodo 1978-2008". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116509.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Doctorado en Salud PúblicaNo disponible a texto completo
Objetivo Modelar el comportamiento de la mortalidad infantil en Nicaragua y Costa Rica para el periodo 1978-2008 para determinar si se cumplirán las metas de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en estos países para el año 2015. Método Se desarrolló un diseño de tipo ecológico, analizándose las tendencias de las tasas de mortalidad infantil y mortalidad de menores de 5 años, dentro del contexto social y económico de ambos países. Debido al no cumplimiento de algunos supuestos para implementar análisis de series de tiempo tradicionales, se optó por utilizar un método no paramétrico denominado Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Este es un modelo de regresión no lineal, donde una función multivariante es aproximada a través de particionamiento recursivo. Se desarrollaron dos procesos de análisis. El primero consistió en la generación de modelos y, en base a criterios teóricos y estadísticos, se seleccionó los modelos más plausibles. En segundo lugar, se introdujo en los modelos, variables reconocidas por su asociación con las tasas de mortalidad infantil para generar predicciones que tomarán en cuenta la dinámica histórica del período en estudio. La globalidad del análisis, considerando ambos procesos, planteó un reto metodológico y de análisis para esta investigación. Resultados En el caso de Costa Rica, las predicciones sugieren que para el 2015 la tasa de mortalidad infantil sería de 6,3 por mil nacidos vivos, mientras que la propuesta por los ODM es de 4,8 por mil nacidos vivos. En el caso de Nicaragua, los ODM proponen una tasa de 19,4, sin embargo para el 2015 las predicciones sugieren una tasa de 13,2 por mil nacidos vivos. En ambos países, la modelación sugiere que las variables que mostraron tener mayor relevancia fueron el gasto social en salud, gasto social en educación y pobreza. En el caso particular de Nicaragua, el analfabetismo femenino en mayores de 15 años también es relevante. Estas variables generaron los principales puntos de cortes y están relacionados con factores de carácter estructurales, tales como reformas en salud, ajustes económicos asociados a escenarios económicos adversos. En el caso de Costa Rica, el análisis de sensibilidad del modelo seleccionado permite afirmar que en un escenario en el cual Costa Rica decidiera aumentar un 5% el Gasto Social en Salud y Educación de manera sostenida, el país alcanzaría la meta propuesta por los ODM con una tasa de 4 por mil nacidos vivos. En el caso de Nicaragua, el análisis de sensibilidad del modelo seleccionado permite afirmar, que si se aplicaran políticas que lograran una reducción del 5% en Analfabetismo Femenino mayor a 15 años y Porcentaje de Hogares pobres, así como un aumento del 5% en la Proporción de Partos Hospitalarios, la Tasa de Mortalidad Infantil se reduciría a 15,3 por mil nacidos vivos para el año 2015. Conclusiones Las predicciones establecen que Costa Rica alcanzaría las metas propuestas por los ODM para la Tasa de mortalidad en menores de 5 años. Sin embargo, en relación a las Tasas de Mortalidad Infantil no sería posible. En el caso de Nicaragua, sí se cumplirían las metas propuestas de reducción para las tasas de mortalidad infantil establecidas para el año 2015. Sin embargo, se deberá ser cauteloso con las estimaciones resultantes debido a dos razones: la primera, está relacionada a la calidad de los datos y, la segunda, está relacionada a factores estructurales que impactan en la dinámica de las tasas. En el caso de Costa Rica, las variables que mayor contribución tuvieron sobre la Tasa de Mortalidad Infantil fueron el Gasto Social en Salud, Gasto Social en Educación y la Pobreza. Los escenarios propuestos a través de la modelación permiten establecer la necesidad de focalizar el Gasto Social en el financiamiento de políticas públicas que favorezcan a sectores de la población con mayor vulnerabilidad, con una distribución más equitativa de los ingresos económicos. En el caso de Nicaragua, las variables que mayor contribución tuvieron sobre la Tasa de Mortalidad Infantil fueron Analfabetismo Femenino Mayor a 15 años, Pobreza y Atención del Parto Hospitalario. Dado que en Nicaragua las políticas públicas y su implementación son fuertemente dependientes de la ayuda externa, para lograr un flujo de recursos en el corto y mediano plazo, se necesitaría mejorar el clima político, mejorar las relaciones con la comunidad de países donantes, así como una apertura de parte del gobierno a las recomendaciones externas para superar las causas de suspensión de la ayuda internacional. Lo contrario implicaría la no posibilidad de alcanzar las metas propuestas por Naciones Unidas.
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Lämmlin, Bernd [Verfasser], e Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Sangmeister. "Erneuerbare Energien in Städten Zentralamerikas - die Elektrizitätsmärkte von Costa Rica und Nicaragua im Vergleich. Eine Mehr-Ebenen-Analyse der Rahmenbedingungen / Bernd Lämmlin ; Betreuer: Hartmut Sangmeister". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/117992472X/34.
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Hristakopoulos, Michael A. "Human development and institutional design the comparative performance of presidential regimes". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/440.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Measures of human development, no matter their specific methodology, have always placed Costa Rica substantially higher than its neighbor, Nicaragua, but no apparent governmental, resource, or historical discrepancy can account for this gap. This thesis uses two case studies to examine this phenomenon from three different theoretical perspectives, and conclude which has the greatest explanatory power to account for the disparity between these two particular governments. Political scientists have noted that parliamentary systems lend themselves to better governance when compared with their presidential countersystems. Shugart and Carey (1992) cite peculiarities within some presidential models which may account for lower rates of human development. Another approach, offered by Tsebelis (2002) produces a more generalized explanation of this phenomenon, while Lawrence Harrison (1985) offers an entirely different, culture-based explanation. This thesis seeks to examine the validity of these claims, using Costa Rica and Nicaragua as case studies. Limiting the thesis to these two presidential governments will highlight the variation that exists within the presidential model, and possibly shed light on the most significant variables.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Senior, Angulo Diana. "Afro-descendance et citoyenneté en Amérique centrale (1948-1966)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La thèse analyse, dans une perspective historique et comparative, le parcours suivi vers la citoyenneté sociale par les populations afro-descendantes d’Amérique centrale entre 1948 et 1966. Avec le système esclavagiste puis son abolition comme points de départ de la réflexion, les Africains et les Afro-descendants du monde entier ont commencé à systématiser leurs réflexions, leurs luttes et leur organisation, notamment au travers de personnalités comme Marcus Garvey ou d’organisations comme le Mouvement panafricaniste, afin de rejeter la stigmatisation apportée par l’invention coloniale de la « race noire ». Ce processus s’est initié entre la Première Guerre mondiale et l’émergence du système des Nations unies, qui a fourni la base d’un nouvel ordre international, se traduisant notamment par la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme et le début de la décolonisation en Afrique. Après les indépendances centraméricaines au début du XIXe siècle et au cours des processus de construction républicaine à l’oeuvre dans chacun des pays de la région, le développement national au Guatemala, au Honduras, au Nicaragua, au Costa Rica et au Panama a toutefois été marqué par l’empreinte identitaire laissée par la Couronne espagnole dans la région ainsi que par des politiques de métissage et/ou de blanchiment de la population. À partir de la deuxième partie du XIXe siècle, la vague d’immigration d’origine africaine en provenance des Caraïbes a remis en question cet imaginaire collectif et l’idée de citoyenneté portée par les élites de chaque pays. Si la question normative de la citoyenneté afro-descendante en Amérique centrale s’est donc longtemps inscrite dans un contexte international d’exclusion raciale, qui renvoie notamment au système de ségrégation aux États-Unis, le développement progressif de dispositifs légaux dans chaque pays a ouvert une nouvelle ère d’intégration citoyenne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, faisant écho aux nouveaux instruments juridiques internationaux et à la Charte internationale des droits de l’hommeThe thesis analyzes, through comparative and historical perspectives, the path followed by theAfrodescendant populations in Central America, between 1948 and 1966, towards social citizenship. Having theslavery system and its latter abolition as a starting point, the African and Afrodescendant populations around theworld systematized their thoughts, battles and organization, especially through personalities such as Marcus Garveyand the Pan Africanist Movement; as means to counteract the burden created by the colonial invention of the “blackrace”. This process had place when the World War I and the United Nations System provided the base for a newinternational order; which after World War II, turned into creating the Organization of United Nations, the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights and the beginning of decolonization in Africa. In addition, after the Central AmericanIndependence and in the middle of their republican construction, the differentiated national development followed byGuatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, took over the identity footprint institutionalized by theSpanish crown in the region; which afterwards turned into the miscegenation and/or population whitening. However,the wave of Caribbean Afrodescendant immigration from the second half of the nineteenth century, confronted thecollective imaginary as well as the citizen profile chosen by each of these country elites. Therefore, the singularnormative and social citizenship progress of the Afrodescendant populations in Central America, fell within theinternational racial exclusion context, such as United States’ racial segregation; as well as the paradoxicalrefinement of civil matters legal provisions in each country, and the strengthening of national measures restrictingimmigration; all of the above as part of a new human rights era, with its international legal instruments and theInternational Bill of Human Rights
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Quirante, Amores Gabriela. "La novela histórica escrita por mujeres en Centroamérica durante la primera mitad del siglo XX". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/69927.
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Lindsay, Fara N. "Geochemistry of Southeastern Nicaragua lavas and mantle xenoliths from Cerro Mercedes, Costa Rica". 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051863.
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Eaton, Jonathan K. "Oxygen isotope constraints on the petrogenesis of silicic magmas in Nicaragua and Costa Rica". 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/56616138.html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-56).
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Lee, Jamie Cistoldi Roberts Bryan R. Williams Christine L. "Empowerment, access, and rights introducing information and communication technology to women in Costa Rica, Mexico, and Nicaragua /". 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1783/leed18397.pdf.
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Lee, Jamie Cistoldi. "Empowerment, access, and rights: introducing information and communication technology to women in Costa Rica, Mexico, and Nicaragua". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1783.
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Tsai, Meng-Shan, e 蔡孟珊. "Research on Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes: the case of San Juan River between Nicaragua and Costa Rica". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7dzst8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士淡江大學
美洲研究所碩士班
101
Nowadays, in the 21th century, with the developments of technologies, communications and transportation, the world has become a global village. However, because of the closer relationships between the members in the global village, relatively the disputes and conflicts are increasing at the same time; therefore, the peaceful settlement of international disputes also has obtained higher attention of the international society. This research began with the definitions and classifications of international disputes, followed by the historical development of the obligation of the peaceful settlement of international disputes and the last part analyzed the different kinds of peaceful settlement, which are, negotiation, consultation, good offices, mediation, inquiry, conciliation, arbitration and judicial settlement. In the October of 2010, due to an error of Google Earth, Calero Island, the island which belongs to Costa Rica, became Nicaragua''s territory. Moreover, the relationship between these two countries got worse and tenser than ever. In addition, the case of Google Earth again brought out the historical dispute that has lasted more than two hundred years to the world stage. This thesis applied the related concepts of peaceful settlement of international disputes as the main shaft to clarify the historical background, then explained in detail the content of every convention, agreement, and arbitration and used the concept of peaceful settlement to analyze and investigate them.
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Pérez, Iris. "Exploración y análisis de las políticas educativas relativas a la educación rural en Centroamérica : casos de Costa Rica y Nicaragua". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Différents organismes internationaux se sont penchés sur l’école rurale des pays en émergence. La plupart de ces travaux de recherche montrent que ces écoles n’offrent pas une éducation adaptée au milieu dans lesquelles elles sont situées, du fait essentiellement qu’on y a implanté la structure administrative et pédagogique des écoles urbaines sans tenir compte des caractéristiques de la population infantile des zones rurales. Afin de tenter de remédier aux difficultés identifiées, ces organismes ont proposé diverses solutions ou préconisé des politiques adaptées à ce contexte particulier.
Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier comment ces recommandations convergent-elles avec les politiques éducatives et dans le quotidien des écoles en milieu rural de deux pays de l’Amérique centrale, le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua. À cette fin, comme cadre d'analyse, nous avons établi six catégories : condition socio-économique, plan d'études et pédagogie, relation école et communauté, enseignants, technologie et finalement, gestion et gouvernance.
Pour ce faire, nous analysons les recommandations globales formulées par diverses organisations internationales et d’autres organismes des pays développés à propos de l'éducation rurale. Nous comparons ensuite ces informations avec les décisions politiques prises ces dernières vingt années, dans les deux pays sélectionnés afin de favoriser le développement éducatif des zones rurales. Pour finir, nous observons sur le terrain le quotidien de quelques écoles rurales des deux pays retenus.
En partant de l’hypothèse qu’il existe suffisamment d’information et de recommandations permettant l’élaboration des politiques éducatives appropriées pour améliorer les conditions des écoles rurales, le travail présente une analyse multiniveaux (recommandations globales, politiques nationales et pratiques scolaires) en établissant la convergence ou la divergence dans chacune des catégories.
Les principaux résultats de la recherche démontrent qu'il existe une convergence entre les pratiques scolaires et les politiques éducatives émises par les pays étudiés, avec quelques exceptions. Quant à la convergence entre les recommandations globales et les politiques émises par ces pays, on ne peut pas parler de convergence de façon générale. La recherche propose l'élaboration de profil de politiques nationales pour chaque pays, en fonction de la manière par laquelle ils abordent la problématique de l'éducation rurale : soit par l’assignation des ressources pour étendre les services éducatifs normalisés pour tous les enfants, ou en produisant des politiques focalisées, créant des programmes spécifiques, faisant remarquer la différence du monde rural.Various international organizations have studied rural schools in developing countries and the majority of the research shows that these schools do not offer an education adapted to the community in which they are located. This is primarily due to the fact that the schools are integrating administrative and teaching structures of urban schools without taking into consideration the characteristics of child populations in rural zones. In response to the identified difficulties, these organizations proposed various solutions or recommended policies adapted to this particular context. The goal of this research is to study how these recommendations translate into educational policies and their impact on daily life of rural schools in two Central American countries, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. For this purpose, we’ve created an analysis framework with six categories: socio-economic status, curriculum and pedagogy, school and community relationships, teachers, technology, and lastly, management and governance. With this intention, we’ve analyzed the recommendations made by various international organizations and other organizations from developed countries related to rural education. We’ve compared this information to the political decisions on educational development in rural communities made in the last twenty in these two countries. Lastly, we’ve completed the research with field observations, studying the day-to-day work in rural schools. Working from the hypothesis that there exists sufficient valid information and recommendations to issue appropriate policies that improve conditions in rural schools, this work presents a multi-level analysis (global recommendations, national policies and school practices) by determining convergences and divergences in each of these levels. The main results of the research show that there is a convergence between school practices and education policies created by the countries, with some minor exceptions. When it comes to convergence between global recommendations and the countries’ policies, we cannot speak of convergence in general. This research proposes the use of national policy profiles for each country, depending on how they deal with the challenges of rural education: assigning resources to extend standard educational services to all children, or generating targeted policies, creating specific programs that highlight the difference of the rural world.
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Balsevich, Fernando. "Essays on producers' participation in, access to, and response to the changing nature of dynamic domestic markets in Nicaragua and Costa Rica". Diss., 2006.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 17, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-124). Also issued in print.
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Ahmed, Imtiaz. "Imaging the lower slope, offshore Nicaragua and Costa Rica using a new residual migration velocity analysis technique in the space-offset domain". Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3117819.
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McGinley, Kathleen Ann. "Policies for sustainable forest management in the Tropics governmental and non-governmental policy outputs, execution, and uptake in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua /". 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09102008-171127/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Nemitz, Dirk. "Bewertung der Erfassungswahrscheinlichkeit für globales Biodiversitäts-Monitoring: Ergebnisse von Sampling GRIDs aus unterschiedlichen klimatischen Regionen". Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F99-F.
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Majlátová, Lucia. "Československo, Mexiko a Střední Amerika 1945-1989". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The doctoral thesis Czechoslovakia, Mexico and Central America 1945-1989 analyses political, economic and cultural relations between that country of the called Iron Curtain and the Mesoamerican countries during the Cold War in the twentieth century. The research is based mainly on unpublished archival materials, mainly of Czech origin. It is also complemented by fewer materials obtained at the Central American countries' official archives. The wider context of international politics is primarily outlined in the introductory chapters, which aims, on one hand, to inform readers about the development of the Czechoslovak diplomacy and foreign policy and how it was influenced by the Soviet Union and, on the other hand, to describe the unstable political situation prevailing then in the Central American countries, which were also under the constant scrutiny of the United States of America. Thereafter, the analysis focuses on the Czechoslovak-Mexican relations, which is thematically divided into political, cultural and economic sections. A special chapter is dedicated to the activities of the Czechoslovak secret service in Mexico, as a country conveniently located near to the United States. Other chapters study the bilateral relations between Prague and the individual capitals of Central America. The work...