Tesi sul tema "Dimensionnement urbain"
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Allal, Chafik. "Commande d'un réseau de transport urbain : gestion et dimensionnement de Praxitèle". Paris 9, 1998. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090072.
Testo completoLongchamps, Jean. "Pré-dimensionnement du dispositif de stockage énergétique d'un autobus de transport urbain". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27831/27831.pdf.
Testo completoUrban transit buses have furrowed our roads for a long time now. Both reliable and economical, these vehicles have become one of the most popular mean of transportation to commute passengers throughout entire cities. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing emissions of pollutants caused by the burning of gasoline of these buses, have urged the government authorities to take due reforms in the transport sector so that more and more alternatives are proposed. In this context, the electric buses have recently been identified as viable and promising alternative for reducing emissions of pollutants in cities. Since the technology behind the electrification of urban buses is still young, there is a growing interest on how we should scale its main components such as its engine and its power source. The work presented in this paper contributes in the development of a tool that allows a user to have an idea on the size of the energy source and the electric motor of the bus. The tool allows among others to determine the dimensional parameters of the bus that reflect the choice of vehicle dynamic performance. In deriving the mathematical equations that govern the behavior of the bus, one can develop simulation tool software. By configuring the tool according to the needs of a dimensional study, we come to offer bus designs that meet different situations of use. After analyzing the results from more than 150 simulations, we can show that the size of the energy source depends essentially on the choice of battery type, autonomy target and driving cycle used by the bus. Other results show that the use of the source to meet the energy needs of the heating system of the bus in winter is not advisable. Indeed, in almost all cases, the amount of energy used from heating corresponds approximately to half the available energy source. Finally, we can show that the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries, for low autonomy targets, further reduces the dimensions of the source needed to meet performance criteria.
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d’une Source d’Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain – dimensionnement et tests de cyclage". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0009/document.
Testo completoCurrently, the main embedded storage system supplying the electric vehicles is composed of Li-ion batteries. This thesis is one of the common themes of work that ESTACA leads in collaboration with L2EP. The objective of this work is to study the interest of a hybrid source composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors to supply an urban electric.Firstly, an energy management strategy based on deterministic rules is developed to control the power between the battery and supercapacitor. To demonstrate the combination utility, different Li-ion battery technologies (Li-ion high power, high-Li-ion energy) are used on the sizing step. Through this study, we could propose an optimal solution (masses, volumes, costs...) consisting of battery and supercapacitor. In the second part, we have followed the evolution of capacity and the internal resistance losses of high power and high energy batteries type in, respectively, single-source and hybrid configurations. For this study, a test bench, developed for cycling and characterization of storage systems, was used. The results obtained provide the opportunity to choose Li-ion battery technology that could be the most interesting for the supply of electric vehicles
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d'une Source d'Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain - dimensionnement et tests de cyclage". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980484.
Testo completoMollé, Geoffrey. "Dimensionnement urbain et hauteur des milieux : Enquête mésologique sur les conditions de production et d'habitation des tours résidentielles en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20081.
Testo completoSince the 2000s, the acceleration in the construction of high-rise buildings in metropolises has raised new questions about the dimensionality of urbanization, i.e. the changes induced by urban developments in the way we are positioned, how we position ourselves and how we give meaning to our positioning in the urban environment. The thesis contributes to this through an analysis of the relationships between the conditions of production and habitation of high-rise buildings, the observation posts of the current stage of "urban dimensioning". In the first part, the epistemological and mesological perspective of "urban dimensioning" offers a response to the link between the intensification of high-rise production worldwide, the reconsideration of high-rise living and the "dimensional turn" of urban studies. It guides the main hypothesis of the doctoral research: dimension, as an archetypal scheme of perception and action of societies, is expressed today preferentially to that of measure in the evolution of strategies for extending access to the world at height. Based on the case of France and then Lyon, and using a variety of materials (database, marketing/communication documents, interviews with actors/residents, photography), I demonstrate in the second part the relationship between increasing metropolitan density and the valorization of living at heights. As a consequence of the densification and intensification of metropolises, the growing desire for skylines lies in the ultimately ideal conditions of possibility for extraction from the urban soil
Abessolo, O. Estain. "Analyse fréquentielle appliquée au dimensionnement des ouvrages de stockage des eaux pluviales". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10099/document.
Testo completoStorm water storage structures are used in urban areas to chop the stormwater runoff thus permitting to prevent the risks of flood and overflows of the drainage structures downstream. They cover a large variety of forms and uses, and have presently design methods which are not very satisfactory. Therefore, other more reliable design methods have to be conceived. That is the objective pursued by this thesis.Our challenge was to find a new tool to design based on from the Design Storm concept. Hydrological simulation of the watersheds and storage structures by reservoir models allowed, by the means of a frequential study and on the basis of 16 years of historical rains resulting from the measuring site of Garland station in Lyon (France), to estimate storage volumes of return periods 1, 2, 5 and 10 years for 36 cases tests resulting from the construction of an experimental design. At the conclusion of these operations, we found the Design Storm morphology adapted to our problems and retained the form simple triangle.Then, we worked to establish a relationship between Design Storm duration, return period and the characteristics of watersheds and storage structures. This procedure succeeded to the construction of a model on which a survey of performance permitted to reduce explanatory variables number to 3. We retained this last for the quality of its results and its practical side. It was finally tested on a practical case.Finally, we obtain a method completely adapted to the numerical models currently used and allowing to estimate storage volume of a drainage system. It remains to check its generalization in other geographical areas
Mertz, Théophile. "Optimisation simultanée de la configuration et du dimensionnement des réseaux de chaleur urbains". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3019/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to develop a method that provides design assistance for District Heating Network (DHN). This tool allows simultaneously the optimization of the configuration and its sizing, thanks to an MINLP formulation (Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming). Binary variables help to choose the optimal configuration (network layout and technologies of production), whereas continuous variables help DHN sizing (temperature, diameter, velocity, heat exchanger area, thermal generating capacity …). The objective function to minimize is the total cost (capex and opex), subjected to numerous nonlinear constraints (e.g. thermal losses, pressure drop, energy balance).This method enables to design temperature cascade between consumers, when consumer temperature requirements are different, and also looped network (only one pipe in one trench). It helps also the decision to connect (or not) consumers to the main network and also the location(s) and type(s) of the heating plant. Moreover, the arbitrage between heat losses and pressure drops is taken into account thanks to physical considerations (non-linear equations). Eventually, it is possible to design 4th generation DHN and prove their financial profitability over the long terms (30 years). First a multi-step resolution strategy is proposed to ensure finding global optimum of the complex MINLP problem. Then academic study cases are analyzed to underline the numerous assets of the formulation. Finally, the optimal design compared to an existing DHN ensures the consistency of the method and allows to build a study case at a wider scale, which can be solved thanks to the comprehensive strategy developed. The design assistance method is available for initial design as well as for extension of existing DHN
Kerbouai, Hamza. "Modélisation, dimensionnement et optimisation d'un capteur hybride pour la détection des deux roues motorisées dans le trafic routier". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0260/document.
Testo completoFor several years the road safety numbers show the need to develop a technological tool that aims to know thepowered two wheelers vehicles behavior (2PW) to improve their security. From this problematic arise our researchworks that come under the project METRAMOTO (Powered two wheelers traffic measurement for road safety andrisks assessment). The main objective is modeling, sizing and optimization of an hybrid sensor consisted ofelectromagnetic loops and piezoelectric shock sensors. The idea is to use electromagnetic loops to discriminate the2PW presence from the other vehicles, combined with piezoelectric segments to detect the shocks produced by thevehicles wheels passage, all associated with a management algorithm and data processing. Today the sizing of thedetection systems based on electromagnetic loops or piezoelectric cables is done experimentally on controlled sitesusing several vehicles types. This technique requires significant test series which are costly and dangerous. Thisstudy aims to modeling the different interactions between the studied sensor and vehicles in order to its sizing.Electromagnetic and electromechanical models are developed to describe the different interactions that take placebetween electromagnetic loops on the one hand, between electromagnetic loops and vehicles on the other handand those between vehicle wheels and piezoelectric cable. On the basis of established models, a general approachis elaborated driving to sizing the hybrid sensor for any given road. We are also interested to the data processingcoming from the hybrid sensor for which we propose an approach to identifying the different vehicle categoriesincluding the 2PW. Two sensor configurations for two different roads are then proposed. They are associated atdata processing algorithms allowing the acquisition of loops and cables signals, the distinction between the differentvehicles classes, the estimation of the vehicles positions on the road and the measuring of their speed
Alvarado, Ruiz Mario Alberto. "Conception, dimensionnement et évaluation de performance d'un réseau innovant pour la recharge des véhicules électriques en zone urbaine". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0057/document.
Testo completoIn order to reduce the impact of global warming, the European Commission has decided in the continuation of the Kyoto protocol to reduce drastically greenhouse gas emissions. In this matter, the progressive replacement of thermal vehicles by electric ones is considered as a key objective. For that purpose, several prerequisites must be considered for the rapid deployment of Electrical Vehicles (EV) in the European market. The first of these prerequisites consists in the design of a new generation of batteries with higher energy efficiency, larger capacity and improved robustness. The second one is the design and rapid deployment of cost effective charging infrastructures. At last, the emergence of European standards in all these matters is an imperious necessity for the viability of the EVs European market. This thesis is mainly focused on the second of these three prerequisites. It is widely admitted that in the short term, EVs usage will be essentially limited to urban areas before being extended to the whole territory. As it is considered by the French National TELEWATT research project to which we have contributed, street lighting networks can be used judiciously to deploy in the short term low cost charging infrastructures. The basic principle of this project consists in coupling to each street light one or two EV's charging stations if one or two parking spots are located nearby. Various electrical constraints specified in the TELEWATT project must be satisfied to enable EVs' charging without degrading the quality of the lighting system. In this thesis, we begin to demonstrate the feasibility of such an operation. For that purpose, we have developed a simulator enablingto depict the dynamic behavior of the global system. The strength and originality of this simulator resides in its capacity to determine in real-time and with the necessary precision if an EV can effectively be connected to a charging station. The response to this question depends on static and dynamic characteristics of the street lighting network and on the state of charge of the batteries of both the connected and candidate EVs. The dynamism of the charging process of each EV strongly depends on the instantaneous power consumed by the global infrastructure. The second original result of this thesis consists in the design of scheduling policies to activate the various charging stations. Our objective is to propose via these scheduling policies, various types of guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-users. Such guarantees can be declined for instance in terms of expected state of charge for a given parking term
Alvarado, Ruiz Mario Alberto. "Conception, dimensionnement et évaluation de performance d'un réseau innovant pour la recharge des véhicules électriques en zone urbaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0057.
Testo completoIn order to reduce the impact of global warming, the European Commission has decided in the continuation of the Kyoto protocol to reduce drastically greenhouse gas emissions. In this matter, the progressive replacement of thermal vehicles by electric ones is considered as a key objective. For that purpose, several prerequisites must be considered for the rapid deployment of Electrical Vehicles (EV) in the European market. The first of these prerequisites consists in the design of a new generation of batteries with higher energy efficiency, larger capacity and improved robustness. The second one is the design and rapid deployment of cost effective charging infrastructures. At last, the emergence of European standards in all these matters is an imperious necessity for the viability of the EVs European market. This thesis is mainly focused on the second of these three prerequisites. It is widely admitted that in the short term, EVs usage will be essentially limited to urban areas before being extended to the whole territory. As it is considered by the French National TELEWATT research project to which we have contributed, street lighting networks can be used judiciously to deploy in the short term low cost charging infrastructures. The basic principle of this project consists in coupling to each street light one or two EV's charging stations if one or two parking spots are located nearby. Various electrical constraints specified in the TELEWATT project must be satisfied to enable EVs' charging without degrading the quality of the lighting system. In this thesis, we begin to demonstrate the feasibility of such an operation. For that purpose, we have developed a simulator enablingto depict the dynamic behavior of the global system. The strength and originality of this simulator resides in its capacity to determine in real-time and with the necessary precision if an EV can effectively be connected to a charging station. The response to this question depends on static and dynamic characteristics of the street lighting network and on the state of charge of the batteries of both the connected and candidate EVs. The dynamism of the charging process of each EV strongly depends on the instantaneous power consumed by the global infrastructure. The second original result of this thesis consists in the design of scheduling policies to activate the various charging stations. Our objective is to propose via these scheduling policies, various types of guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-users. Such guarantees can be declined for instance in terms of expected state of charge for a given parking term
Troudi, Asma. "Contribution au dimensionnement d'un parc de drones de livraison urbaine et de son système de maintien en conditions opérationnelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080054.
Testo completoDelivery in the urban environment is an important issue that cities want to put in place. The aim is to try to improve the activity of urban delivery (last mile delivery) and find faster delivery methods that adapt to market requirements (e-commerce).In our study, we are interested in using a fleet of drones in an urban environment to transport parcels. This use raises questions that are related to logistical support of this park in an operating environment and which are little discussed in the research. Our goal, in this thesis, is to propose approaches to size the drone park and the appropriate logistic support system. We will, first of all, focus our study on the specificities of drone and determine the scope of its logistic support system. We then propose a mathematical model that describes the delivery missions of drones and takes into account temporal, energy and capacity constraints. This model solves a sizing problem related to the UAV delivery activity. This sizing is based on the nature of the delivery activity (delivery tasks), the type of drone and also on the adopted battery charging strategy (s) which must be respected during their operations. . Finally, using simulation and based on the results of the digital resolution, we were able to have a global vision on the operation of a fleet of delivery drones as well as its logistic support system
Boukir, Anass. "Outils pour l’optimisation du dimensionnement des infrastructures d’alimentation électrique de tramway ou de métro". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS668.
Testo completoThe electrification of urban public transportation, such as trams, represents a major environmental challenge. The technical and financial studies for these projects cover various aspects of the infrastructure, such as excavation, civil engineering structures, railway track platforms, passenger buildings, electrical technology, and more. The objective of these studies is to propose technical solutions while evaluating costs, both in terms of investment and operation. The electric traction infrastructure is an important element in this equation, presenting a significant cost. It must meet transportation needs while adhering to financial and environmental goals. The sizing of this infrastructure aims to ensure the line's availability while optimizing costs. Technical studies for designing an electrical power supply system involve the selection and sizing of components that transport energy from the public grid to rolling stock, including traction substations, overhead contact lines, ground-level power supply, and connecting elements. These choices are based on simulation studies that require precise models and tools to avoid over-sizing the infrastructure due to uncertainties in simulation results. Moreover, compromises must be made between investment and operational costs on one hand and the infrastructure's capacity to handle traffic uncertainties on the other. The thesis's objective is to develop a multi-objective optimization approach to improve the sizing of electrical infrastructure, focusing on two main aspects: i/ the development of a railway electrical simulator with precision and execution speed compatible with optimization loop usage, and ii/ the development of a dimensioning optimization method that considers competing objectives. The thesis is structured into six chapters. After an initial general introduction, the second chapter delves into the issue of railway electrical infrastructure sizing and provides a review of the subject. The third chapter focuses on the railway simulator developed as part of the thesis. It covers the general principles, models, resolution methods, and post-processing of simulation results. The fourth chapter discusses the proposed infrastructure optimization approach, detailing the transformation of the business problem into a bi-objective optimization problem and the choice of the NSGA2 genetic algorithm for resolution. The implementation choices for this method are then presented. In the fifth chapter, the proposed optimization approach is applied to two case studies. The first is a simple test case with intuitive results, allowing for testing and refining the choice of crossover and mutation operators. The second case study involves a more complex real-project. The optimization results outperform those obtained through trial-and-error. Specifically, the optimizer can suggest a range of solutions that strike different balances between cost and reliability, providing engineers with objective decision-making criteria. In summary, the ultimate goal is to create a tool capable of optimizing the sizing of tramway electrical infrastructure while respecting technical specification
Xia, Zhenyu. "Étude phénoménologique pour des méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages d'assainissement en fonction du risque de dysfonctionnement hydraulique". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_15.pdf.
Testo completoFerrasse, Jean-Henry. "Developpement d'outils experimentaux pour le dimensionnement de procedes de sechage conductif avec agitation : application a des boues de stations d'epuration urbaines". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30095.
Testo completoSage, Jérémie. "Concevoir et optimiser la gestion hydrologique du ruissellement pour une maîtrise à la source de la contamination des eaux pluviales urbaines". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1153/document.
Testo completoUrban runoff discharge is today identified a major source of surface water impairment. In recent years, on-site stormwater control, in small and relatively simple vegetated systems, providing volume reduction through infiltration or evapotranspiration, has become increasingly popular due to the inability of conventional drainage systems to limit the amount of stormwater and pollutant directed to the environment. While such practices clearly offer opportunities to mitigate the adverse effects of urban runoff, their performance remains insufficient and is yet not completely understood. The main purpose of this Ph.D. thesis is therefore to investigate the relation between the hydrological behaviour of these source-control systems and pollutant removal efficiencies so as to provide design tools or guidelines that support practitioners in the implementation of efficient stormwater management practices.Current stormwater management practices are first examined on the basis of a literature review of various guidelines or regulatory documents so as to identify the strategies that may be promoted for on-site pollution control, in France or abroad. This analysis indicates that recommendations can be quite variable depending on the country or the community and do not systematically reflect on-site pollution control objectives, which may result in the implementation of inappropriate stormwater management systems.A modelling system based on the representation of a pervious facility collecting runoff and pollutant loads generated over a small urban catchment, allowing the simulation of different scenarios in terms of urban surfaces characteristics and source-control system design, for long rainfall periods, is later developed to investigate the relation between the hydrological behaviour and the pollutant removal efficiencies of on-site stormwater management practices. An improved description of the hydrological processes in the source control system is adopted with the introduction of an infiltration-redistribution scheme accounting for the evolution of soil moisture so as to better replicate the temporal variability of infiltration fluxes. The opportunity of implementing relatively simple conceptual runoff quality models to simulate distinctive pollutant emission dynamics is also investigated: a generic model formulation is adopted and calibrated to replicate suspended solids concentrations in urban street runoff or zinc concentrations from a metal roof. A sensitivity analysis of the modelling system is later conducted so as to evaluate the influence of the different input factors and better understand the effect of some modelling hypotheses for the assessment of the performance of stormwater source control practices.The practical value of the modelling system is finally illustrated with the production of sizing diagrams displaying pollution control efficiency estimates as a function a limited number of design parameters, from which the relevance of a large variety of runoff control scenarios may be evaluated. The results presented in this study, corresponding to the rainfall conditions encountered in Paris region, suggest that the infiltration or evapotranspiration of a relatively small fraction of runoff in a simple dead storage volume could result in a significant reduction of pollutant discharges for soils exhibiting saturated hydraulic conductivity values greater than 10-6 m.s-1. In the case of lower saturated hydraulic conductivity values, this study however evidences possible failures of source control system due to a limited drainage capacity (extended ponding duration and saturation of the soil profile over significant depths). Results therefore suggest that the implementation diffuse stormwater management practices, with large infiltration/evapotranspiration areas and limited storage depths, should generally be preferred to achieve pollution control and ensure correct hydrological functioning of the source control systems
Brulard, Nicolas. "Outils d'aide à la conception de systèmes de production maraîchers urbains optimisés pour la vente en circuits courts et de proximité". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI002.
Testo completoTo support the urban farm emergence trend in large metropolises, we propose decision support tools based on mathematical programs to design market gardening farms targetting the demands of different categories of clients in local fresh fruits and vegetables. Technical solutions develop rapdily, but the strong constraints linked to urban farming, such as limited surface and high operating costs, make difficult to define viable and sustainable business models for urban market gardeners. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented: An annual strategic sizing model, a client combination selection model and a plurennial strategic sizing model for diversified fruit and vegetable farms. Numerical results and model performances are presented, based on multi-products, multi-techniques and multi-periods real cases. Our main contributions are the consideration of the perishable nature of fruits and vegetables in strategic production systems sizing models, including notably the investments and workforce sizing
Saget, Agnès. "Base de données sur la qualité des rejets urbains de temps de pluie : distribution de la pollution rejetée, dimensions des ouvrages d'interception". Phd thesis, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00574026.
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