Tesi: "Differentiation"

1

Greenwood, M. R. "B lymphocyte differentiation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375109.

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2

Sharp, L. Kathryn. "Assessment and Differentiation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4285.

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3

Riera, Monroig Guillermo, e Pierre Pomaret. "Differentiation through Corporate Image". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1581.

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When studying how companies differentiate from their competitors, corporate image can play a main role in this aspect. The aim of this study is to observe and analyse the perception by the consumers of the corporate image of two groceries companies.This perception can lead to a competitive position in the marketplace by outperforming competitors in all the areas of corporate image. Thus, it can be observed how both companies are differentiated in the mind of the consumers in a different way.

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4

Klempan, Rosalinde. "Premenstrual affective subtype differentiation". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5381.

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5

Liu, X. Q. (Xingquan). "Differentiation of garlic viruses". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63286.

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6

Paterson, D. J. "Differentiation in the thymus". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379914.

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7

Glover, Beverley Jane. "Cellular differentiation in plants". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338247.

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8

Visser, John. "An examination of differentiation". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/538/.

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The term differentiation has been widely used within education. This study makes use of the author's professional experience and a literature review to present a model of differentiation in practice; it seeks to suggest ways in which teachers' skills can be enhanced. The study aims to give an understanding of how teachers differentiate; what that say they do; and what can be described as good practice. Together with the wide ranging review of the literature, it draws upon field research, interviews, questionnaires, an analysis of OfSTED inspection reports and the author's experiences of running staff development courses on differentiation. It also includes work published by the author. The study is an original presentation of a comprehensive review about differentiation from the perspectives of the literature and serving teachers and contributes to the debate upon the methodological approaches to the study of the development of teaching skills. Conclusions are offered based upon an analysis and a discussion of these sources.

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9

Brigham, Lindy Andersen 1951. "Root border cell differentiation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290689.

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The inability of a plant to run from danger or seek nutrients necessitates its capacity to change the environment of the surrounding soil for protection and sustenance. A unique plant process, the release of thousands of autonomous cells from the root cap, called root border cells, may play a role in the ability of the plant to regulate microbial populations and nutrient availability in the rhizosphere. In this study, evidence is presented showing that root border cells are a differentiated tissue, that the production of border cells is highly regulated and tied to cell turnover in the root cap and that products of border cells regulate cell division in the root cap meristem. In vivo labeling experiments demonstrate that 13% of the proteins that are abundant in preparations from border cells are undetectable in root tip cells. Differences between the two cell populations are apparent as soon as border cells separate from each other, even when they are still adhered to the root tip. Twenty-five percent of the proteins synthesized by border cells in a 1-hour period are rapidly excreted into the incubation medium. Border cells arise within the root cap meristem by cell division and their production is tightly regulated both developmentally and in response to border cell removal. Removal of border cells results in the induction of cell division in the transverse root cap meristem to 400% of the basal rate within 30 minutes. This elevated rate of mitosis is maintained for 1.5 h and falls to basal levels within 6 hours. During this time, mitosis in the root apical meristem remains constant. mRNA differential display analysis showed changes in gene expression in the root cap within 5 to 15 minutes of removal of border cells. Genes putatively involved in cell functions in three regions of the cap showed expected distribution patterns by in situ hybridization and RNA blot analysis revealed changes in their expression patterns were seen in response to border cell removal. The presence of border cells acts as an inhibitor to continued mitosis and border cell production in the root cap. Evidence from fractionation studies shows that a heat stable, protease insensitive molecule in the range of 25 to 80 kDa, produced by the border cells themselves, is responsible for this inhibition.

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10

Moran, Renee Rice, Huili Hong e LaShay Jennings. "Adaptive Teaching and Differentiation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3457.

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11

Lyons, Alan Bruce. "Human myeloid differentiation antigens /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl991.pdf.

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12

Ito, Hiromu. "Coordination among growth/differentiation factors on chondrogenic differentiation in mouse EC cells, ATDC5". Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150566.

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13

Verdery, Ashton M. Entwisle Barbara. "Demography and social network differentiation". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2938.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.

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14

Weil, Tobias. "Caste differentiation in lower termites". kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2010/1097/.

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15

Yang, Nan. "Quality differentiation in wine markets". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/n_yang_050210.pdf.

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16

Dixelius, Johan. "Endothelial differentiation and angiogenesis regulation". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3009.

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Angiogenesis can be defined as the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Angiogenesis is required for development and maintenance of our vascular system and thus of fundamental importance to our existence. The endothelial cells that line the inside of the vessels de-differentiate, migrate, proliferate and re-differentiate during angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated, controlled by several angiogenic factors of various classes that promote angiogenesis but also by anti-angiogenic factors that counteract the effect of the pro-angiogenic factors. We have examined three factors involved in angiogenesis regulation, Vascular endotelial growth factor (VEGFR) -3, the matrix protein laminin-1 and the collagen XVIII derived fragment endostatin.

Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic tail of VEGFR-3 were identified by phosphopeptide mapping (PPM). The data was confirmed by PPM using point-mutated receptors generated by site-directed mutagenesis.

Laminin-1 was found to promote angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay and in a synergistic fashion together with suboptimal levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) in embryoid bodies. Laminin-1 also promoted endothelial tubular morphogenesis in vitro, and upregulated the expression of the endothelial differentiation marker Jagged-1.

Endostatin was shown to affect endothelial FGF-2-induced cell survival and morphogenesis. This was a result of direct binding to endothelial cells and induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of many proteins including the adaptor protein Shb. The apoptotic and morphogenic responses induced by endostatin was shown to be dependent on Shb. Further, endostatin inhibited endothelial migration and affected molecules implicated in migration. In particular, FGF-2 induced actin reorganization, and β-catenin regulation was modulated by endostatin.

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17

Mykkeltveit, Anders. "Dependability differentiation in communication networks". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5011.

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Unintentional failures affect links and nodes in communication networks. Recovery mechanisms are the key tool for achieving the dependability required by the services using the network. However, high dependability in communication networks comes at a high cost in terms of the capacity needed by these mechanisms.The traffic from all services and users is carried by the same backbone network. Since the users and services have different requirements, and users have different willingness to pay for a high quality of service, it is desirable to have methods that enable provision of different levels of dependability in the same network, i.e. dependability differentiation. The thesis addresses dependability differentiation in connection-oriented backbone communication networks. Two methods to provide connections meeting differentiated guarantees on the asymptotic availability are proposed.The first of these uses a novel flexible arrangement for dedicated protection denoted a protection pattern. The protection pattern is used in a proposed distributed connection management system. The system is compared with alternative proposals based on centralized management and shows good performance. The second proposal uses shared protection, which may potentially use less resources in terms of bandwidth, but has higher complexity than dedicated protection. The proposed system is based on rules to control the sharing to enable provision of guarantees. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs significantly better than an alternative strategy based on dedicated protection.A different approach to availability-guaranteed services is to offer guarantees on the interval availability which is a measure commonly used Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The thesis contains a proposal of using adaptive management to increase compliance with interval availability guarantees. Different adaptive management policies are proposed and compared to alternative static provisioning policies in a case study. The thesis also addresses the problem of measuring dependability by simulation. To reduce the simulation effort needed to obtain precise estimates of dependability attributes, a rare-event simulation technique has been applied to the well-known Network Simulator 2 (NS2). The results show that the technique is applicable to this types of simulation scenario, but the gain is modest. The thesis also contains a broad literature survey of dependability differentiation research. This is the first survey of the topic. Hence, it is in itself a significant contribution. A classification scheme for how to approach differentiation is proposed and a critical evaluation of the state of art is given.This thesis contributes to fill in some of the ``gaps'' identified, but there are still significant challenges ahead before differentiation may be deployed in operational networks.

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18

Johansson, Sara. "Knowledge, Product Differentiation and Trade". Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14541.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the influence of knowledge on the export performance of firms in different regions. More specifically, this study focuses on the impact of knowledge on the structure of regional export flows, in terms of horizontal and vertical product differentiation, as well as the geographical distribution of export flows. The thesis consists of four separate papers, which contribute to the overall analysis of knowledge, product differentiation and international trade in different ways. The second chapter presents a study of the effects of regional accessibility to R&D on the diversity of export flows with regard to goods, firms and destination markets. Chapter 3 provides an empirical analysis of vertical product differentiation, i.e. differentiation in terms of product quality, and examines the impact of educated labor and R&D on regional comparative advantages in goods of relatively high product quality. Chapter 4 contains a study of how the regional endowment of highly educated workers affects the structure of export flows, i.e. how the endowment of educated workers impacts on the number of product varieties exported, the average price per variety and the average quantity shipped out. The final chapter presents a micro-level analysis of firms’ propensity to participate in international markets and their propensity to expand export activities by introducing new export products or establishing export links with new destination countries. In summary, the empirical results of this thesis convey the message that regional accessibility to knowledge, embodied in highly educated labor and/or developed through R&D activities, plays a fundamental role in shaping the content and structure of regional export flows. More specifically, the present empirical observations suggest that the regional endowment of knowledge stimulates the size of the export base in terms of exporting firms and number of product varieties. The recurring significance of the accessibility variables in explaining spatial export patterns show that the knowledge endowment of a region must be defined in such ways that it captures sources of potential knowledge spillovers from inside as well as outside its own regional boundaries. This outcome shows that regional variations in knowledge endowments originate both in the actual spatial distribution of a nation’s knowledge labor across regions, and in regional differences in the geographical accessibility to internal and external knowledge labor.

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19

Chilwan, Ameen. "Dependability Differentiation in Cloud Services". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13120.

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As cloud computing is becoming more mature and pervasive, almost all types of services are being deployed in clouds. This has also widened the spectrum of cloud users which encompasses from domestic users to large companies. One of the main concerns of large companies outsourcing their IT functions to clouds is the availability of their functions. On the other hand, availability requirements for domestic users are not very strict. This requires the cloud service providers to guarantee different dependability levels for different users and services. This thesis is based upon this requirement of dependability differentiation of cloud services depending upon the nature of services and target users.In this thesis, different types of services are identified and grouped together both according to their deployment nature and their target users. Also a range of techniques for guaranteeing dependability in the cloud environment are identified and classified. In order to quantify dependability provided by different techniques, a cloud system is modeled. Two different levels of dependability differentiation are considered, namely; differentiation depending upon the state of standby replica and differentiation depending upon the spatial separation of active and standby replicas. These two levels are separately modeled by using Markov state diagrams and reliability block diagrams respectively. Due to the limitations imposed by Markov models, the former differentiation level is also studied by using a simulation.Finally, numerical analysis is conducted and different techniques are compared. Also the best technique for each user and service class is identified depending upon the results obtained. The most crucial components for guaranteeing dependability in cloud environment are also identified. This will direct the future prospects of study and also provide an idea to cloud service providers about the cloud components that are worth investing in, for enhancing service availability.

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20

Dou, Meng, e Esra Ekiz. "Differentiation through Aesthetics in Supermarkets". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71158.

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Background:This thesis strives to analyze aesthetic services used in supermarkets. Supermarkets facefierce competition and varied marketing dilemmas such as traditional marketing versusservice marketing. Nevertheless, encompassing elements from both traditionalmarketing, such as physical products, and service marketing, such as relationshipbuilding, supermarket management is challenging. Thus, it is crucial to understandconsumers’ perceptions for both services and products in order to satisfy their needs andwants and succeed in the market place. Therefore, this thesis offers a betterunderstanding of aesthetic elements used in supermarkets from customers’ perspective.Aim:The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the applications of aesthetics insupermarkets. It intends to examine and theorize the consumer perceptions regardingaesthetic elements applied in supermarkets; to test the differentiation strategy insupermarkets, through the usage of aesthetic elements, from consumers’ perspective.Definitions:Aestheticization of daily life: it can be seen as the extension of art or the appreciation ofart on daily life. It suggests ‘the collapse of the distinction between high art and massculture, leveling out of symbolic hierarchies and cultural declassification’ (Featherstone,2007). It reflects onto business through its emphasis on beauty, sensory appeals,pleasure consumption etc. Analyzing aesthetic applications in supermarkets from acustomer perspective, this thesis finds out that from both companies’ and consumers’perspective, these applications are based on aestheticization of daily life.Completion and Results:Aesthetic elements used in supermarkets are identified in the content analysis anddiscussed in the empirical study through focus group interviews. It is found out thataesthetic services indeed improve customer satisfaction. However, the fierce pricecompetition limits supermarkets’ services to instrumental rather than expressiveperformance. Moreover, utilized aesthetic services in supermarkets tend to bestandardized, due to benchmarking processes, in consumers’ eyes, causing theseservices to lose their value to be differentiated.

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21

Nicetto, Dario. "On the way to differentiation". Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-151424.

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22

Atteh, Johnson. "Differentiation of the chick mesonephros". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4867.

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23

Blackman, Lois. "Strain differentiation of Yersinia pestis". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29822.

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Verification procedures are required to ensure compliance with the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention (BTWC). Strain differentiation analysis may need to be performed on samples that do not harbour live bacteria and may contain other microorganisms. Thus the method employed must be non-culture based and specific to the bacterial species. Three Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based assays were evaluated for their potential to specifically differentiate strains of Yersinia pestis. Two of the techniques, Insertion Sequence - Flanking Region Amplification PCR (IS-FRAP) and Variable Number of Tandem Repeats - PCR (VNTR-PCR), demonstrated specific and reproducible differentiation of a test panel of 84 Y. pestis isolates. These isolates included biotyped and/or ribotyped strains, previously untyped isolates and repetitive subcultures of Y. pestis CO92. Sites of chromosomal and plasmid insertion of the IS100 element were analysed by IS-FRAP. The amplification profiles divided the test panel isolates into 16 types. Two octonucleotide VNTR sequences were identified in the proximity of the same IS100 element. The observation of 11 alleles of VNTR-8A upstream of 4 alleles of VNTR-8B enabled the differentiation of the test panel isolates into 19 VNTR-PCR types. Strains isolated from similar geographical locations often displayed the same VNTR-PCR type. These PCR techniques were developed into prototype assays that may be suitable for the analysis of BTWC samples. Homologous sequences to the Y. pestis VNTR regions were analysed in Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. The octonucleotide sequence of VNTR-8A was not repeated in Y. pseudotuberculosis and was flanked by 361bp of DNA not identified in Y. pestis strains. Recombination events leading to the formation of the VNTR are hypothesised.

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24

Bodily, Chris H. "Numerical Differentiation Using Statistical Design". NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07082002-235127/.

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Derivatives are frequently required by numerical procedures across many disciplines. Numerical differentiation can be useful for approximating derivatives. This dissertation will introduce computational differentiation (the process by which derivatives are obtained with a computer), focusing on statistical response surface (RSM) designs for approximating derivatives. The RSM designs are compared with two competing numerical methods: namely a rival saturated statistical design approach, and a method employing finite differencing. A covariance model incorporating function curvature and computer round-off error is proposed for estimating the derivative approximation variances. These variances and the computational workload each method requires become the basis for comparing the derivative approximations. A diagnostic test for variable scaling errors is also described.

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25

Bruïne, Adriaan Pieter de. "Endocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6579.

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26

Falk, Anna. "Stem cells : proliferation, differentiation, migration /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-497-X/.

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27

Xue, Yintong. "Glucocorticoid in T cell differentiation /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3950-0/.

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28

Chrisanthopoulos, Themistoklis. "Firm size differentiation in Japan". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61114.

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The Japanese labour market is analyzed within a dual labour market context and an emphasis on firm size differentiation. Labour market segmentation theories are presented for the purpose of understanding the differences that can exist between industries, or in this case, between firm sizes. Data on labour market variables such as wages, unionism, and promotion illustrates the different employment package that employees face in small firms as compared to workers in large companies. Unique Japanese labour market traits such as the expectation of lifetime employment, enterprise unionism, and seniority-based wages are also observed to evaluate their application in different company sizes. Japan's labour market segmentation is primarily a study of differences between firm sizes. The dissimilarities in employment characteristics between small and large firms are thoroughly examined and evaluated for a solid understanding of Japan's duality in the labour market.

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29

Kingham, Keith Iain. "Nuclear differentiation in plant development". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300588.

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30

Locklin, Rachel M. S. "Biochemistry of bone cell differentiation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363755.

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31

Zheng, Zhong, e 鄭忠. "Differentiation properties of nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123981X.

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32

Crawford, Brian C. W. "Growth and differentiation in plants". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247112.

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33

Allan, G. "Gene expression during keratinocyte differentiation". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233424.

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34

Rahman, Qasi. "Neuropsychological differentiation of sexual orientation". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397409.

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35

Giddings, Ian. "Analysis of myeloid cell differentiation". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285145.

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36

Guefrachi, Ibtissem. "Bacteroid differentiation in Aeschynomene legumes". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112113/document.

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Les Légumineuses ont développé une interaction symbiotique avec des bactéries du sol, les rhizobia, qui fixent l’azote atmosphérique et le transfèrent à la plante sous forme assimilable.Cette interaction a lieu, au sein des nodosités, des organes racinaires où les bactéries intracellulaires se différencient en bactéroïdes. Chez Medicago truncatula, ces bactéroïdes correspondent à un stade de différentiation terminale corrélée à une endoréplication de leur génome, une augmentation de la taille des cellules, une modification des membranes et une faible capacité à se propager. Cette différentiation est induite par des facteurs de la plante appelés NCR (Nodule-specific Cysteine Rich). Les peptides NCRs ressemblent à des défensines, des peptides antimicrobiens ayant une activité antimicrobienne in vitro, tuant des bactéries. Ainsi, un élément clef dans la différenciation des bactéroïdes est la protéine bactérienne BacA, un transporteur membranaire qui confère une résistance contre l’activité antimicrobienne des peptides. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, j’ai montré que l'expression des NCR est soumise à une régulation stricte et qu’ils sont activés dans trois vagues dans les cellules symbiotiques polyploïdes.Les mécanismes de contrôle par la plante sur les rhizobia intracellulaires demeurent à ce jourpeu connus et le seul modèle étudié, au début de ce travail de thèse, restait l'interaction entre M. truncatula et S. meliloti. Je me suis donc intéressée à la symbiose de certaines Légumineuses tropicales du genre Aeschynomene appartenant au clade des Dalbergoïdes où jemontre qu’ils utilisent une classe différente de peptides riches en cystéine (NCR-like) pour induire la différenciation des bactéroïdes. Ce mécanisme est analogue à celui décrit précédemment chez Medicago qui était jusqu'à présent supposé être limitée aux légumineuses appartenant au clade des IRLC. J’ai également montré que Bradyrhizobium, symbionte d’Aeschynomene possèdent un transporteur de type ABC homologues à BacA de Sinorhizobium nommé BclA. Ce gène permet l'importation d'une variété de peptides comprenant des peptides NCR. En l'absence de ce transporteur, les rhizobiums sont incapables de se différencier et de fixer l'azote.Cette étude a permis d'élargir nos connaissances sur l'évolution de la symbiose en montrant qu’au cours de l’évolution, deux clades de Légumineuses relativement éloignés (IRLC et Dalbergoïdes) aient convergé vers l’utilisation de peptides de l’immunité innée afin de contrôler leur symbionte bactérien et d’en tirer un bénéfice maximal au cours de l’interaction symbiotique
The ability of legumes to acquire sufficient nitrogen from the symbiosis with Rhizobium relies on the intimate contact between the endosymbiotic, intracellular rhizobia, called bacteroids, and their host cells, the symbiotic nodule cells. A well-studied example is the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, which nodulates the legume Medicago truncatula. Nodules of M. truncatula produce an enormous diversity of peptides called NCRs which are similar to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immune systems. These NCRs are involved in maintaining the homeostasis between the host cells in the nodules and the large bacterial population they contain. Although many NCRs are genuine AMPs which kill microbes in vitro, in nodule cells they do not kill the bacteria but induce them into the terminally differentiated bacteroid state involving cell elongation, genome amplification, membrane fragilization and loss of cell division capacity. Protection against the antimicrobial action of NCRs by the bacterial BacA protein is critical for bacteroid survival in the symbiotic cells and thus for symbiosis. As a part of my PhD thesis, I have shown that the differentiation of the symbiotic cells in M. truncatula is associated with a tremendous transcriptional reprogramming involving hundreds of genes, mainly NCR genes, which are only expressed in these cells. Although the extensive work on the model M. truncatula/S. meliloti, little is known how the plant controls its intracellular population and imposes its differentiation into a functional form, the bacteroids in other symbiotic systems.In my PhD work, I provide several independent pieces of evidence to show that tropical legumes of the Aeschynomene genus which belong to the Dalbergoid legume clade use a different class of cysteine rich peptides (NCR-like) to govern bacteroid differentiation. This mechanism is similar to the one previously described in Medicago which was up to now assumed to be restricted to the advanced IRLC legume clade, to which it belongs. I have also shown that the Bradyrhizobium symbionts of Aeschynomene legumes possess a multidrug transporter, named BclA, which mediates the import of a diversity of peptides including NCR peptides. In the absence of this transporter, the rhizobia do not differentiate and do not fix nitrogen. BclA has a transmembrane domain of the same family as the transmembrane domain of the BacA transporter of Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium species which is known to be required in these rhizobia to respond to the NCR peptides of IRLC legumes. Again this is a mechanism which is analogous to the one described in S. meliloti the symbiont of Medicago.This study broaden our knowledge on the evolution of symbiosis by showing that the modus operandi involving peptides derived from innate immunity used by some legumes to keep their intracellular bacterial population under control is more widespread and ancient than previously thought and has been invented by evolution several times

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37

Likcani, Adriatik. "Differentiation and intimate partner violence". Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15547.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Family Studies and Human Services
Sandra Stith
Farrell Webb
This study explored the impact of differentiation of self on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). First, the study determined if differentiation of self in a relationship added to the variance accounted for by the known risk factors including relational satisfaction, marital conflict, romantic jealousy, depression, anxiety, and attitude about violence towards women. Second, it examined the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between differentiation of self and IPV. Results indicated that differentiation of self in a relationship is a predictor of perpetration of intimate partner violence in relationships even after controlling for other known risk factors. Results also indicated that gender did not moderate the relationship between differentiation of self and perpetration of violence.

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Jones, Philip Anthony. "B cell differentiation in sheep". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30327.

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The ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) of lambs is a region of intense lymphopoiesis and B cell development. Monoclonal antibodies against ovine lymphoctye antigens have been used to characterise the IPP lymphocyte. Three murine monoclonal antibodies against ovine IgM, IgG1 and Ig light chain were produced and are described fully. IgM and MHC class II antigens are expressed on the vast majority of IPP cells whilst cells bearing other serum Ig isotypes and T cell antigens are rare. A novel Ig molecule appears to be coexpressed with IgM, it is proposed that this is the ovine equivalent of IgD. IPP cells can be induced to proliferate and differentiate when cultured with lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 2 (IL2). Proliferation is inhibited by rabbit anti-sheep Ig antibodies. Using an ELISA for Ig, it has been possible to quantitate Ig synthesis and secretion. Mean cellular Ig increases greater than 25-fold during differentiation. High-rate secretion begins 4 days after initiation of culture and is virtually complete by day 7. As IPP B cells differentiate to IgM secretion, membrane Ig is rapidly lost so that by day 6, only 15% of cells express Ig on their surfaces. Changes in MHC class II antigens were also studied. Surface expression of MHC class II molecules doubled by 24 hours and slowly declined to resting levels as differentiation proceeded. A large increase in cytoplasmic MHC class II content was noted on day 3. The reasons for this increase are discussed. Kinetic studies suggest that IL2 responsiveness is acquired approximately 20 hours after activation by LPS. The concentration required to give half maximal Ig secretion is 125 pM indicating that the interaction between IL2 and its receptor is one of high affinity. During differentiation, the cells enlarge and show an increase in the cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio. The formation of extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and additional mitochondria is indicative of the functional changes occurring. This is the first description of a sheep B cell differentiation assay. It is proposed that this system is a suitable model on which to base further studies into the molecular biology of sheep Ig genes, Ig isotype switching and lymphokines and their receptors.

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39

Wang, Chengbo. "Financial Applications of Algorithmic Differentiation". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412943.

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40

Mercer, Sean R. "Rock differentiation using microwave irradiation". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9638.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This project arose as a result of inefficiencies in the diamond recovery process at Premier Mine. A considerable amount of barren waste rock, gabbro, is mined along with the diamond bearing kimberlite. No automated method exists for separating the kimberlite from the waste rock and a device was required to effect ore sorting on a rock by rock basis. Experimentation with a microwave oven indicated that samples of kimberlite were more attenuative than samples of gabbro. The possibility of using microwave heating for rock differentiation was investigated but was impractical to implement. A study of low power microwave attenuation and reflection measurements was undertaken. Reflection measurements were found to be impractical due to the similar amounts of reflected signal from the different rock types. Microwave signal attenuation through rock samples was studied over a broad frequency spectrum. A detectable difference in signal attenuation was found through the gabbro and kimberlite. The difference in signal attenuation increased with increasing frequency. Different techniques to implement signal attenuation measurements through rock samples were investigated. The passing of rock samples through waveguide structures was found to be impractical in this application. Microwave signal attenuation measurements were successful when rock samples were placed between a transmitting and a receiving antenna. Equipment was designed and constructed with an operating frequency of 35GHz chosen due to the small antenna aperture area and the large attenuation difference at this frequency. Static measurements with this equipment revealed the problems with signal scattering and reflection from some irregularly shaped samples of low loss gabbro. The importance of these phenomenon could only be gauged from dynamic measurements. Dynamic measurements were performed using a laboratory test system with a conveyor belt capable of moving at speeds of up to 5 m/s. It was found that 93% of the kimberlite could be correctly detected whilst rejecting 67% of the gabbro. The system functioned satisfactorily and led to the filing of several patents.

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41

Rocha, Joana Fernandes da. "Understanding APP-dependent neuronal differentiation". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7389.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Molecular
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a type 1 membrane protein that suffers proteolytic cleavages and has been implicated in roles such as cell adherence, survival, migration and differentiation. Although a role in neuritogenesis has been attributed to APP, some contradictory results have been reported regarding the benefits of knocking-down or overexpressing APP. Further, while the addition of the APP proteolytic sAPP (secreted APP) fragment to the cell medium enhances neuritogenesis, the amount of cellular APP and other APP fragments may be deleterious for this process. Further, preliminary work from the Neuroscience laboratory of the Center for Cell Biology indicated that pAPP (APP phosphorylated at the S655 residue) can potentially be crucial in APPmediated neuronal differentiation, for example by increasing APP cleavage to its biological fragment sAPP or APP binding to specific signal transducers. In this work, the capacity of APP and pAPP to mediate neuronal differentiation was tested, in the initial period of retinoic acid (RA)-induced SH-SY5Y cells differentiation. These neuroblastoma cells are a well documented neuronal-like cell model used in neuronal differentiation studies. Several molecular tools were used, including wild-type and phosphomutants APP-GFP. The evaluation of differentiation included neuritogenic output analysis by bright field and epifluorescence microscopy, using various approaches. Namely scoring the number of differentiated cells and performing morphometric analyses of transfected cells and of the all cellular population. The levels of APP and medium secreted sAPP, and of cytoskeleton-related proteins and posttranslational modifications, such as MAP2, Acetylated Tubulin and Actin were also quantified by Western blot analysis, and related to the morphological parameters. Additionally, the potential role of AICD in APP-mediated neuronal differentiation was inferred from pharmacologic assays, where its generation is inhibited. Together the results obtained show that APP, sAPP and AICD modulate neuritogenesis in a complex and well-ordered manner. While long-term increases in APP can be detrimental to neuronal-like differentiation, in an AICD-dependent manner, short-term increases benefit this process in an APP S655 phosphorylation dependent manner, potentially involving sAPP secretion and specific cytoskeleton rearrangements.
A Proteína Precursora de Amilóide de Alzheimer (PPA) é uma proteína membranar tipo 1 sujeita a processamento proteolítico que tem sido associada a funções como adesão celular, sobrevivência, migração e diferenciação. Apesar de lhe terem sido atribuídas funções na neuritogénese, os dados experimentais obtidos até à data que envolveram modulação dos níveis da PPA revelam-se contraditórios. De facto, enquanto a adição do fragmento PPA secretado (PPAs) ao meio celular favorece a neuritogénese, a quantidade de PPA celular e de outros fragmentos da PPA poderão já não constituir um benefício para este processo. Adicionalmente, dados preliminares do laboratório de Neurociências do Centro de Biologia Celular sugerem que a PPAp (PPA fosforilada na S655) poderá ser fundamental na diferenciação neuronal mediada pela PPA, nomeadamente por aumentar a proteólise da PPA a PPAs ou a ligação da PPA a sinais de transdução específicos. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a capacidade da PPA e PPAp em mediar o período inicial de diferenciação neuronal induzida por ácido retinóico. Para tal recorreu-se a células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, um modelo celular do tipo neuronal bem estabelecido para estudos de diferenciação. Adicionalmente, várias ferramentas moleculares, como PPA-GFP selvagem e fosfomutantes foram usadas. A avaliação da diferenciação incluiu a análise de vários parâmetros neuritogénicos por microscopia de luz (de campo claro e de fluorescência), nomeadamente monitorização de células diferenciadas e análises morfométricas das células transfectadas e da população geral. Os níveis de PPA e PPAs, e de proteínas relacionadas com citosqueleto e suas modificações pós-traducionais (MAP2, Tubulina Acetilada e Actina) também foram quantificados. Além do mais, a influência do DIP na diferenciação neuronal dependente de PPA foi avaliada usando um composto farmacológico para inibir a sua produção. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos demonstram que a PPA, PPAs e DIP modulam a neuritogénese de um modo complexo e ordenado. Enquanto a indução de níveis altos de expressão de PPA (48h) podem ser detrimentais para a diferenciação tipo-neuronal, de uma forma dependente de DIP, induções mais breves (24h) beneficiam este processo de um modo dependente da fosforilação na S655, potencialmente envolvendo a secreção de PPA e rearranjos específicos do citosqueleto.

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42

Bokšteflová, Barbora. "Motion-picture spatial-differentiation model". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124646.

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The thesis presents a game theoretic model of two directors on a single market. It introduces a variable film type which attains a value from the interval [0,1], where the boundaries expresses the art and the mainstream film, respectively. Each director has opposite preferences over a film type and chooses which type of film to shoot. The director's decision influences the profit function of the other director. The objective of each director is to maximize his profit function. The profit function is the difference of the quadratic audience function and of the cost function. The cost function is the sum of quadratic production cost function and linear disutility cost function which expresses the director's unmeasurable cost issued from the deviation from his most preferred film type. The model therefore includes both the economic and the artistic incentives which influence the directors' decision. We prove that for each pair of profit functions, there exists at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium. The discussion of possible outcomes is illustrated by an empirical application.

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43

Zheng, Zhong. "Differentiation properties of nasopharyngeal carcinoma /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20715559.

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44

Park, Jaesang. "Automatic white blood cell differentiation /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074435.

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45

Horner, Evan. "Marriage mentoring and functional differentiation". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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46

Hutley, Louise Joyce. "Human preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37117/6/37117_Digitised_Thesis.pdf.

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Obesity represents a major health, social and economic burden to many developing and Westernized communities, with the prevalence increasing at a rate exceeding almost all other medical conditions. Despite major recent advances in our understanding of adipose tissue metabolism and dynamics, we still have limited insight into the regulation of adipose tissue mass in humans. Any significant increase in adipose tissue mass requires proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells (preadipocytes) present in the stromo-vascular compartment of adipose tissue. These processes are very complex and an increasing number of growth factors and hormones have been shown to modulate the expression of genes involved in preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. A number of transcription factors, including the C/EBP family and PP ARy, have been identified as integral to adipose tissue development and preadipocyte differentiation. Together PP ARy and C/EBPa regulate important events in the activation and maintenance of the terminally differentiated phenotype. The ability of PP ARy to increase transcription through its DNA recognition site is dependent on the binding of ligands. This suggests that an endogenous PP ARy ligand may be an important regulator of adipogenesis. Adipose tissue functions as both the major site of energy storage in the body and as an endocrine organ synthesizing and secreting a number of important molecules involved in regulation of energy balance. For optimum functioning therefore, adipose tissue requires extensive vascularization and previous studies have shown that growth of adipose tissue is preceded by development of a microvascular network. This suggests that paracrine interactions between constituent cells in adipose tissue may be involved in both new capillary formation and fat cell growth. To address this hypothesis the work in this project was aimed at (a) further development of a method for inducing preadipocyte differentiation in subcultured human cells; (b) establishing a method for simultaneous isolation and separate culture of both preadipocytes and microvascular endothelial cells from the same adipose tissue biopsies; (c) to determine, using conditioned medium and co-culture techniques, if endothelial cell-derived factors influence the proliferation and/or differentiation of human preadipocytes; and (d) commence characterization of factors that may be responsible for any observed paracrine effects on aspects of human adipogenesis. Major findings of these studies were as follows: (A) Inclusion of either linoleic acid (a long-chain fatty acid reported to be a naturally occurring ligand for PP ARy) or Rosiglitazone (a member of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin-sensitizing drugs and a synthetic PPARy ligand) in differentiation medium had markedly different effects on preadipocyte differentiation. These studies showed that human preadipocytes have the potential to accumulate triacylglycerol irrespective of their stage of biochemical differentiation, and that thiazolidinediones and fatty acids may exert their adipogenic and lipogenic effects via different biochemical pathways. It was concluded that Rosiglitazone is a more potent inducer of human preadipocyte differentiation than linoleic acid. (B) A method for isolation and culture of both endothelial cells and preadipocytes from the same adipose tissue biopsy was developed. Adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells were found to produce factor/s, which enhance both proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes. (C) The adipogenic effects of microvascular endothelial cells can be mimicked by exposure of preadipocytes to members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family, specifically ~-ECGF and FGF-1. (D) Co-culture of human preadipocytes with endothelial cells or exposure of preadipocytes to either ~-ECGF or FGF-1 were found to 'prime' human preadipocytes, during their proliferative phase of growth, for thiazolidinedione-induced differentiation. (E) FGF -1 was not found to be acting as a ligand for PP ARy in this system. Findings from this project represent a significant step forward in our understanding of factors involved in growth of human adipose tissue and may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the process. Such strategies would have potential clinical utility in the treatment of obesity and obesity related disorders such as Type II Diabetes.

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47

Ansari, Naser A. (Naser Awni). "Mechanism of myeloid differentiation induced by a differentiation factor isolated from rat lung conditioned medium". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798429/.

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48

Szocs, Courtney. "Muscling Consumers to Optimal Option Differentiation: The Influence of Incidental Muscular Sensations on Option Differentiation". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5395.

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Marketers often extend product lines by introducing slight variations of existing products (e.g., there are 53 varieties of Crest toothpaste, 15 varieties of Cheerios). As a result, consumers select from assortments containing relatively similar options. Unfortunately, consumers sometimes fail to differentiate among options, and instead consider the different options as similar and choose. Consequently, prior research shows that selecting from choice sets containing relatively similar options can sometimes lead to negative consequences such as decreased satisfaction. In light of these negative consequences, and given the frequency with which consumers choose from sets of similar options, it becomes important to identify interventions that can be used to optimize option differentiation (i.e., to optimize the perceived difference between two similar options or the perceived variety in an assortment). This dissertation proposes that incidental muscular sensations that consumers encounter while performing regular marketplace activities can serve as one such sensory based intervention. Drawing on theories related to learned associations and classical conditioning, it is proposed that because individuals experience high intensity muscular contractions concurrently with threat/danger, these muscular contractions and the responses they facilitate (i.e., self-protective reflexes) become linked. Through classical conditioning, high (vs. low) intensity incidental muscular sensations eventually activate self-protective reflexes in the absence of any threat or danger. Once activated, self-protective reflexes lead to increased perceptual sensitivity and discriminatory ability, and a sense of unconscious vigilance. Six studies show that the enhanced perceptual sensitivity and unconscious vigilance that result from high (vs. low) intensity muscular sensations optimize option differentiation, and can help to offset the decreased satisfaction that is sometimes associated with choosing from relatively similar options. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

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49

Ansari, Naser A. (Naser Awni). "Purification and Characterization of a Differentiation Factor From Rat Lung Conditioned Medium". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798062/.

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A Differentiation Factor (DF) was purified from rat lung conditioned medium by a four-steps procedure. The DF has a molecular weight of 27000, and an isoelectric point of 4.70. Although DF is stable up to 60°C, it is sensitive to digestion by trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin. DF forms granulocyte colonies in soft agar. Studies using anti-NRK CSF antibody demonstrated that DF is distinct from GM-CSF.

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50

Bacchiega, Emanuele. "Essays on product differentiation and trade". Université catholique de Louvain, 2005. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-03192005-190151/.

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Product differentiation is a key feature of modern economies. Although its relevance had already been recognized in the XIX century, it is only in the last forty years that a formal treatment has been developed. The 'address approach' distinguishes between horizontal and vertical product differentiation; in the former, consumers do not agree on the quality ranking of commodities, while in the second they do. The first three chapters of this thesis deal with vertical product differentiation in an imperfectly competitive framework. In particular, the first two essays take into account the empirical evidence concerning labor requirements in the production of vertically differentiated goods in order to model labor and product markets in an upstream-downstream relation to each other. The main assumption is that higher variants of vertically differentiated commodities require highly-skilled labor. This allows to study the links between labor markets and vertically differentiated products markets, their equilibrium implications and issues of trade liberalization. The third chapter explores another side of vertical product differentiation, namely the time-to-market of vertically differentiated goods. This interval, which corresponds to the lapse of time for a product to reach the market, is studied under the assumption that firms can make it shorter through costly investments. The analysis compares firms' choices as a function of the parameters characterizing products and technologies and of market structure. The last chapter develops a general equilibrium model with imperfect competition. The concept of monopoly equilibrium is applied to a Ricardian economy in order to study the emergence of trade in that framework.

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Tesi sul tema "Differentiation"

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