Tesi sul tema "Différenciation in vitro des parasites"
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El, Kadri Mohammad. "Role(s) of glycerol metabolism in the biology of African trypanosomes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0456.
Testo completoTrypanosoma brucei, an extracellular parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis, must adapt to distinct environments in its mammalian hosts and the tsetse fly vector. In the mammalian bloodstream, glucose serves as the primary carbon source, fueling the parasite's central carbon metabolism and ATP production, which supports its rapid growth. Once the parasites reach high cell densities, a quorum-sensing mechanism induces a transition from proliferative slender forms to growth-arrested stumpy forms (stumpy-QS). These stumpy forms help prevent host mortality by limiting parasitaemia and are primed for transmission to the tsetse fly. However, it has been demonstrated that glycerol can effectively replace glucose in feeding the parasite’s central carbon metabolism, suggesting a significant role in vivo. This aligns with findings that trypanosomes predominantly reside in the extravascular spaces of tissues such as the skin and adipose tissue, where interstitial glycerol concentrations are 5 to 20 times higher than in plasma. Glycerol is released from adipocytes through both lipolysis and lipolysis-independent processes such as glycolysis, and it has been suggested that trypanosome-induced adipocyte lipolysis may even protect the host against trypanosome infection. Together, these data suggest that interactions between adipocytes and trypanosomes, potentially mediated by glycerol, play a critical role in the parasite’s life cycle.This thesis explores the impact of glycerol on bloodstream form (BSF) Trypanosoma brucei. Our findings demonstrated that glycerol induces the differentiation of slender BSF into growth-arrested forms that resemble stumpy-QS, but with enhanced survival. Furthermore, under tissue-like conditions, characterized by glycerol levels between 0.2-0.5 mM and glucose at 4 mM, proliferative intermediate forms were generated, which were capable of differentiating into the insect vector stage (procyclics) and sustaining infections in tsetse flies. Additionally, glycerol extended the lifespan of quorum-sensing-induced stumpy forms, which normally have a limited lifespan of a few days. All these data led us to propose a revised model for transmission, in which quorum sensing-induced stumpy-QS forms protect the host from high parasitaemia, while glycerol from adipocytes induces intermediate-Glyc or long-lived stumpy forms that facilitate transmission to the fly.Another key aspect of my thesis concerns the dissection of the signalling pathway involved in glycerol-induced differentiation. By exploiting the extended lifespan of stumpy-Glyc cells in culture, we selected mutants resistant to glycerol-induced differentiation through extended in vitro culturing in a glycerol-containing medium. Comparative genomic analyses between these mutants and cells grown in glucose, which are sensitive to glycerol-induced differentiation, identified candidate mutations associated with the resistance phenotype. Notably, these mutations were found to affect the protein kinase A regulatory subunit (PKAR), whose role in the signalling pathway was validated.Finally, we explored whether T. brucei can metabolize glycerol secreted by adipocytes even in the presence of excess glucose. To investigate this, we used an in vitro co-culture system using a transwell assay, which allowed us to analyse the interactions between parental and mutant trypanosomes and adipocytes. We examined growth and exometabolome profiles using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolite profiling, coupled with 13C-labeling to trace specific metabolites. Our data showed that T. brucei efficiently utilized glycerol secreted by adipocytes to support its central carbon metabolism, even when glucose was abundant.Together, these data demonstrated that glycerol is a key player in the biology of Trypanosoma brucei
Leducq, Régine. "Echinococcose alvéolaire : migration et différenciation dans l'hôte intermédiaire expérimental. Aspects morphologiques et biochimiques". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20181.
Testo completoDevine, Maree Anne. "The response of nematodes to stress, in vitro". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261149.
Testo completoGrégoire, Arnaud. "Démographie et différenciation chez le Merle noir Turdus merula : liens avec l'habitat et les relations hôtes-parasites". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS039.
Testo completoThe consequences of human-induced disturbances on wild populations is a stimulating topic raising fundamental as well as applied questions. The effects of urbanization on wild life have been initially studied at the community level. However, even if urbanization influences communities, the selective pressures occur first on populations and individuals. Consequently, it is also crucial to consider the ecological problems at the population level. The Blackbird Turdus merula has colonized urban landscapes in Europe since the middle of the 19th century and provides good opportunities to explore the influence of urbanization on population biology. The aim of this work was to compare urban and forest Blackbird populations in terms of different population characteristics (survival, reproductive success and dispersal) and selective contraints (parasites). Direct (i. E. Capture and census of individuals) and indirect methods (i. E. Genetic) were used in order to assess the dynamics of these populations
Wakid, Majed Hamdi. "Investigation of flagellar attachment by Leishmania promastigotes in vitro". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367826.
Testo completoAsselineau, Daniel. "Différenciation et morphogénèse de l'épiderme humain in vitro : modulation par l'acide rétinoïque". Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4277.
Testo completoBinet-Vicard, Elisabeth. "Différenciation, in vitro, de cellules de carcinome murin : réponse et sécrétion hormonale". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1T009.
Testo completoGuironnet, Géraldine. "Étude de la différenciation in vitro de monocytes en cellules dendritiques cutanées". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T226.
Testo completoRis, Nicolas. "Hétérogénéité spatiale, plasticité phénotypique et trade-off environnementaux : rôle de l'espèce hôte et de la température dans la différenciation génétique des populations du parasitoi͏̈de Leptopilina heterotoma (Hymenoptera)". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10037.
Testo completoHow, S. J. "Aspects of the in vitro susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis to antimicrobial agents". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380050.
Testo completoGangnerau, Marie-Noelle. "Différenciation de la stéroïdogenèse testiculaire chez le rat : ontogénèse et régulation in vitro". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077040.
Testo completoNogueira, Maria Manuela. "Rôle des protéines Id dans la différenciation hématopoïétique des cellules ES in vitro". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T057.
Testo completoBHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factors such as SCL/Tal-1, E proteins and probably Lyl-1 are involved in hematopoiesis. Their function is regulated by Id proteins that are able to sequester them as non DNA-binding heterodimers. Thus, Id proteins might be negative regulators of hematopoiesis. We have tested this hypothesis using the in vitro ES cell hematopoietic differentiation madel. This model offers the advantage of giving access, in addition to all myeloid progenitors and mature cells, to a cell that is considered as the hemangioblast. Ln a first step, we studied the expression profile of the four Id genes by RT PCR. While ld2 expression remains constant, ld1, ld3 and ld4 gene expression decreases during the course of ES cell hematopoietic differentiation. These results suggest a possible role of the three proteins in the negative regulation of hematopoiesis. Ln a second step, we examined the effects of ld1 gene overexpression on bath ES cell-derived hematopoietic and endothelial tissues. Neither quantitative nor qualitative effect of this overexpression on the hemangioblast, myeloid progenitors or mature hematopoietic and endothelial cells was observed. Although the pEF-BOS vector produced a sufficient ld1 protein amount to inhibit the MyoD protein function in the C3H10T1/2 cell line myogenic differentiation, this amount could be insufficient to black the effect of hematopoietic bHLH proteins indispensable in our madel. However, we cannot exclude that the ld1 protein does not play any role in the in vitro ES cell hematopoietic differentiation. The following step will consist in examining the effects of bath ld1 and ld3 gene overexpression in the ES cell model
Staub, Christophe. "Etude in vitro de la différenciation de la lignée spermatogénétique chez le rat". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4006.
Testo completoMainzer, Carine. "Implication de l’IGF-1R dans la différenciation épidermique et le vieillissement". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10120/document.
Testo completoInsulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and its signaling pathway have been widely studied for their growth promoting role on many cell types and their implication in development. On skin, the IGF-1R function has been associated to basal proliferation and contributes to epidermal morphogenesis, but very little is known about its involvement on keratinocytes differentiation and the few studies existing depict contradictory results. IGF-1R activity is maximal during teenage and tend to decrease during aging. Aged skin depicts major thinning and defects in permeability of skin barrier. Our work consisted in clarifying IGF-1R role on epidermal differentiation process and emphasized a correlation between aging, loss of skin quality and IGF-1R activity. By building 2D and 3D aging like models with low IGF-1R activity, we confirmed IGF-1R mitogenic role on both basal and progenitor-like keratinocytes. We demonstrated that IGF-1R activity regulated keratinocytes differentiation by either enhancing or slowing down differentiation markers deposition. More importantly, we highlighted the importance of IGF-1R activity for keratinocytes adhesion on both laminin-332 and collagen I/IV coatings, implying possible interactions with α6 and β1 integrins. This relationship was further correlated on skin biopsies of young and aged donors. In a parallel study, we showed that IGF-1R could induce cell senescence under acute H2O2 stress. Taken together, IGF-1R is necessary for the epidermal differentiation process and protects epidermis from acute oxidative stress induced damages
Bonnefoy, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à l'étude des glycoprotéines épidermiques humaines in vivo et in vitro". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11640.
Testo completoTchikaya, Francis Olivier. "Perméabilités calciques modulant la différenciation neuronale in vitro chez l’embryon de xénope (xenopus laevis)". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S169.
Testo completoTurque, Nathalie. "Effet de l'oncogène V-MYC sur la différenciation de la neurorétine d'oiseau in vitro". Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10204.
Testo completoForest, Claude. "Différenciation in vitro de préadipocytes issus des tissus adipeux blanc et brun de souris". Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4062.
Testo completoMaslah, Zouhir. "Élastographie in vitro de cellules par opto-acoustique picoseconde : applications à la différenciation cellulaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0464.
Testo completoCell mechanics is involved in several biological processes such as adhesion, migration, or differentiation. Evaluating the mechanical properties of cellular elements is essential to understand their function in these processes and allows anticipating disruptions in case of pathological alterations. However, the techniques traditionally used to mechanically characterize cells do not allow eliminating interactions between different cellular elements during measurements. Picosecond acoustics offer a new opportunity thanks to the generation and detection of acoustic waves whose frequencies can reach the terahertz. We have developed an experimental protocol to perform picosecond acoustic measurements on living cells immersed in a culture medium. Using an imaging chamber, designed for direct and inverted microscopy, and a biocompatible opto-acoustic transducer, we can perform non-invasive measurements of mechanical properties with micrometric spatial resolution. We then studied the impact of fixation on the internal structure of the nucleus, using time-resolved Brillouin scattering. This study shows that the acoustic velocity in the nucleus increases with fixation. These changes are not homogeneous but mainly affect the elements of the nucleoplasm presenting the lowest Brillouin frequency. We also demonstrated the importance of maintaining hydration of fixed cells to avoid irreversible modifications caused by dehydration. Indeed, rehydrated cells do not recover the same mechanical properties as they had before dehydration. Finally, we studied, thanks to a statistical analysis on a large number of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts, how the internal structure of the nucleus evolves with differentiation. By comparing cells incubated for 24 hours with those incubated for 14 days in an osteogenic medium, we observed that differentiated cells had a higher chromatin concentration than undifferentiated cells. This concentration results in an increase in Brillouin frequency, which is attributed to a change in nuclear rigidity
Girard, Mouline Caroline. "Étude de la différenciation ostéoclastique au sein d'un biomatériau destiné à l'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse et étude structure-fonction des produits du gène Atp6v0a3 dans la différenciation ostéoclastique". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4041.
Testo completoBone tissue undergoes constant remodeling to maintain its homeostasis. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are the two cell types responsible for this process. During my thesis, I focused primarily on the study of osteoclastogenesis. In a first part, I studied osteoclastogenesis within a 3D cell culture model using a composite biomaterial made of clotted plasma around microparticles of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). We demonstrated that this biomaterial provided osteoclast precursor cells with a microenvironment favoring their differentiation into osteoclasts. Moreover, we observed the production of pro-angiogenic factors, as well as the expression of SDF1, a chemoattractant molecule for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Together, our data suggest that, after a first step of resorption, osteoclasts present within the composite could promote vascularization and osteoblastic precursor cells recruitment, this accelerating the rate of new bone synthesis. Additional experiments are underway to study the interactions occurring within this biomaterial between osteoclasts and other cell types involved in the physiology of bone tissue. In a second part, I studied Atp6v0a3 gene products, namely a3 and Tirc7. A3 is a protein required for osteoclast functioning, and Tirc7 is involved in T lymphocyte activation. Both proteins display identical C-termini and, in activated T cells, Tirc7 C-terminal domain is express extracellularly. Considering the whole set of evidences documenting the interactions between T lymphocyte and osteoclasts, we hypothesized that Tirc7 C-terminus could be involved in cell-to-cell interactions between the two cell types. Using a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal portion of Tirc7 protein, we demonstrated that this peptide induced the differentiation of precursor cells into giant multinucleated cells capable of resorption. This experiment allowed us to propose that, in addition to Rankl, Tirc7 could constitute a novel effector involved in interactions between activated T lymphocytes and osteoclast precursor cells. Moreover, using human precursor cells, we demonstrated that the same peptide stimulated osteoblastic differentiation while adipocyte differentiation was inhibited. As a whole, these results evidenced potential interactions between immune cells expressing Tirc7 protein and bone tissue cells
De, Iaco Rossana. "In vitro et in vivo analysis of the molecular mechanisms triggering glia specification". Strasbourg 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13012.
Testo completoIn Drosophila melanogaster a single locus accounts for all glial promoting activity. This locus contains two homologous genes, glide/gcm and glide2, which are specifically expressed in all glial lineages. Ectopic expression of glide/gcm or glide2 throughout the nervous system leads to the differentiation of supernumerary glial cells at the expense of neurons. Lack of both products eliminates all glial cells, which are transformed into neurons. Although glide and glide2 are necessary to induce gliogenesis, they do not control glial specification, a process that depends on when and where is glide activated. In an attempt to determine the genes that control glial specification, we have analyzed the glide promoter in vivo and have identified cis-regulatory elements specific for distinct lineages. By in vivo and in vitro analyses I defined the molecular pathway that allows glial differentiation in the NGB1-1 and the molecular role of huckebein transcription factor
Haas, Alexis. "Évaluation in vitro des effets biologiques des ondes millimétriques sur un modèle de différenciation neuronale". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S131/document.
Testo completoMillimeter waves (MWW), in particular the 60-GHz band, are increasingly used for wireless communications. A previous in vitro study conducted by our group showed, using microarray analysis, a decrease in TRPV2 RNA expression in primary human skin cells exposed for 1, 6, or 24 h at 60.4 GHz with an average incident power density of 1.8 mW/cm². To investigate if MMW exposure can also affect TRPV2 expression at the protein level, we performed immunocytochemistry on a neuron-like differentiating cell line (PC12), exposed at 60.4 GHz during 24h with an average incident power density of 10 mW/cm². Moreover, the impact of MMW on several markers involved in nociception, neuronal differentiation and proteotoxic stress was also investigated. Using a semi-high throughput imaging system, allowing the study of multiple parameters, we did not find any difference in the protein expression of pain-related membrane receptors TRPV1, TRPV2, and P2X3, heat shock protein Hsp70, and neuronal marker β3-tubulin. However, an upward trend in neurite outgrowth, although not significant, was found in exposed cells. Controls showed that this increase was related to a thermal effect of MMW. Besides, cell-by-cell analysis showed that there is no distinct subpopulation of cells with particular sensitivity. Moreover, exposures at 5 mW/cm², followed by HPLC analysis, were also done to investigate the impact of MMW on dopaminergic metabolism. No impact of exposure on dopaminergic turnover was observed. Only an insignificant thermal effect was found on extracellular DOPAC accumulation. Altogether, those negative results are in line with previous in vitro studies which assessed the impact of MMW on genetic expression, and are reassuring in the fact that acute MMW exposure cannot dramatically disrupt cell physiology
Marchand, Mélanie. "Différentiation in vitro des cellules embryonnaires de souris en cellules pancréatiques". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0367.
Testo completoEmbryonic stem (ES) cells are promising candidates for cell replacement therapies of various disorders including type I diabetes. Experimental strategies were developed to promote differentiation of mouse ES cells into endocrine and exocrine cells. These strategies were based on forced expression of transcription factors (Pdx-1, Hlxb9, p48, Ngn-3, NeuroD1, Pax4, Isl-1, Nkx2. 2, Nkx6. 1) expressed at different stages of pancreas development. Twelve ES cell lines stably expressing one, two, three and four transcription factors were generated by means of lentiviral vectors and adenoviral vectors were used to express factors in the course of cell differentiation. The results show that overexpression of p48 and Pdx-1 increases the exocrine differentiation and overexpression of NeuroD1 and Pax4 stimulates endocrine differentiation of ES cells
Bloch-Gallego, Evelyne. "Développement du motoneurone embryonnaire spinal : étude de sa survie et de sa différenciation "in vitro"". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20008.
Testo completoLe, Provost Gabrielle. "Implication de la lysyl oxydase au cours de la différenciation épidermique en modèles in vitro". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10107.
Testo completoLysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of fibrillar collagens or elastin, thereby regulating the structural integrity of connective tissues. Moreover, LOX displays multiple roles in different cell types, acting as a regulator of various biological processes at both extra and intracellular levels. The aim of the present work was to shed light on LOX functions in the epidermis, especially during keratinocyte differentiation. The development of culture models, consisting of confluent monolayers or reconstructed-epidermis allowed us to study LOX functions during the induction of the differentiation program, and furthermore during the terminal differentiation process leading to the formation of a pluristratified, cornified and functional epidermis. LOX expression is induced at the onset of the commitment to differentiation, both in primary and immortalized keratinocytes. Stable silencing of LOX expression affects the induction of the differentiation program and strongly impairs terminal and functional epidermal differentiation in reconstructed-epidermis. Therefore, LOX protein acts during the first steps of keratinocyte differentiation, independently of its enzymatic activity, and is implied for subsequent commitment into terminal differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that a finely regulated expression of LOX is required for normal keratinocyte differentiation, and thus for maintenance of epidermal
Mitais, Nathalie. "SCO-spondine : rôle dans la survie et la différenciation cellulaire in vitro et in vivo". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1MM03.
Testo completoSCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted by the subcommissural organ. This protein contains various domains including 26 thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSR) and belongs to the superfamily of proteins with TSR domains. Some proteins of this superfamily like thrombospondin-1 or F-spondin expressed in the CNS have been shown to play a role in axonal pathfinding and cell migration during the CNS development and they can induce synaptogenesis. Using a TSR peptide derived from the most highly conserved amino acids of SCO-spondin TSR domains, we investigated its effect on neuronal differentiation and survey/apoptosis balance on in vitro models (B104 cells, primary cultures of cortical neurons, hepatocytes) and in vivo models (lesion of chicken olfactory nerve) using cellular and molecular biology methods. TSR peptide induces differentiation ans synaptogenesis in B104 cells cultures and primary cultures of cortical neurons. TSR peptide has no toxicity on primary cultures of hepatocytes and has also a neuroprotective effect on cells of olfactory epithelium after olfactory nerve section. Regarding these neuroregenerative and neuroprotective capacities, TSR peptide derived from SCO-spondin could be a useful tool in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or CNS traumas after clinical development
Labalette, Myriam. "La dynamique des lymphocytes T CD8+ humains du compartiment lymphocytaire périphérique : de l'in-vivo, l'infection à cytomégalovirus chez les receveurs d'organes, à l'in-vitro, la différenciation des cellules T CD8+CD28+ nai͏̈ves". Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2MT12.
Testo completoAhdjoudj, Souhila. "Différenciation des cellules stromales osseuses pluripotentes : régulation in vitro et dans un modèle d'ostéopénie in vivo". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077161.
Testo completoLa, Porte Sabine de. "Etude in vitro des interactions neurone-muscle dans la différenciation de la jonction neuromusculaire des mammifères". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22013.
Testo completoVilleval, Jean-Luc. "Étude cellulaire des temps précoces de l'érythropoièse humaine normale et leucémique : phénotype et régulation "in vitro"". Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120019.
Testo completoLaborit, Labrada Beisy. "Inhibition of dedifferentiation in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro to generate a functional hepatic study model". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69373.
Testo completoObesity and its related pathologies insulin resistance, type 2 Diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are becoming one of the major health hazards of modern world. The liver is a major organ in the control of body glucose homeostasis. Nowadays, hepatoma cell lines are in vitro study models available to further study liver physiology. Unfortunately, protein expression and functions in these cells differ from the in vivo reality. Primary hepatocytes are an attractive platform in the study of metabolic diseases because they retain most in vivo hepatic functions. A fundamental limitation of the culture of primary mouse hepatocytes is the metabolic decline taking place after isolation in these cells. Within few days isolated primary cells dedifferentiate into an inferior cell lineage losing specific functions and changing gene expression. Here, we studied primary mouse hepatocytes in culture in the presence of small molecules that modulate specific pathways related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process leading to dedifferentiation in isolated primary mouse hepatocytes. We found that small chemical inhibitors of cytoskeletal changes partially preserved the expression of some hepatic and epithelial markers such as albumin, Zonula-1 and occludin. Furthermore, our results revealed that primary mouse hepatocytes in culture lost the response to insulin but maintained the response to glucagon on gluconeogenesis although the values decreased after 7 days in culture compared to day 1. Taken together, our results suggest that reducing mechanical tension by inhibiting cytoskeletal remodeling could be a way to follow to generate a functional in vitro model of long-term primary mouse hepatocytes to study metabolic diseases.
Montiel, Grégory. "Etude fonctionnelle des facteurs de transcription AGL12 et CrMYC2 dans les processus de différenciation morphologique et de différenciation métabolique de racines et de cellules végétales cultivées in vitro". Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4008.
Testo completoThe goal of this work was to characterize the roles of two transcription factors (AGL12 and CrMYC2) during the morphological and metabolic differentiation occuring in walnut somatic embryos and Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions. Overexpression of the Agl12 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana enhances the rooting abilities of walnut somatic embryos. C. Roseus transgenic cells expressing this gene are grouped in globular body and biosynthetize ajmalicine. Taken together, these results suggest that AGL12 plays an important role in root differentiation processes. The CrMYC2 transcription factor, which interact with the G-box localized within the Str gene promoter, is rapidly and transiently induced in C. Roseus cells in response to a treatment with a fungal elicitor or methyl jasmonate. The expression of CrMYC2 in transgenic cells has no significant impact on the regulation of the Str gene expression but seems to have an inhibitory effect on the expression of the Dxs and Chs
Tremblay, Rochette Josiane. "Une niche pour la différenciation : La réponse in vitro des lymphocytes B à mémoire aux cytokines de leur environnement". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28343/28343.pdf.
Testo completoPandrau, Dominique. "Étude de la prolifération et de la différenciation in vitro des précurseurs leucémiques lymphoïdes B de l'enfant". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T056.
Testo completoSérandour, Aurélien. "Dynamique de méthylation et d’hydroxyméthylation de l’ADN des enhancers au cours de la différenciation cellulaire in vitro". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S074.
Testo completoTranscriptome and cis-tridimensional positioning of chromatin domains undergo deep modifications during cell differentiation and reprogramming. In embryonic stem cells, master genes such as Pou5f1/Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Klf4 are implicated in a regulatory network which builds a pluripotent chromatin. This chromatin can be modified in a cell fate-specific manner during differentiation, allowing specialization and restriction of gene expression patterns. Specific enhancers bound by de novo expressed transcription factors become activated during this process. Using epigenomic mapping technologies in different cell lines, we observed that DNA of active enhancers is hypomethylated and that DNA of activated enhancers can be de novo hydroxymethylated during in vitro cell differentiation
Villars, Franck. "Etude in vitro du rôle des cellules endothéliales humaines dans la différenciation ostéoblastique : modèle de coopération cellulaire". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28765.
Testo completoRibeiro-Fleury, Tatiana. "Evaluation in vitro de la fonction hématopoïétique des cellules souches mésenchymateuses médullaires au cours de leur différenciation". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3305/document.
Testo completoBlood cells arise from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), present into bone marrow (3M) in adult humans, which needs close contacts with a special zone of 3M micro environment (named hematopoietic niche) for its differentiation and self’-renewal. The precise nature of the niche-forming cells (named stromale cells) are not yet well known, particularly in their relationship with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of the study was to investigate further the role of the MSCs in the hematopoiesis control according to their differentiation pathway and state and to evaluate their role in the migration process of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPÇ,[ We show that non-differentiated MSCs display the best hematopoietic supporting activity (using 5-week long term cultures) that is completely lost after in vitro differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, we show that G-CSP stimulation of 3M MSCs promotes HSC/HPC migration (using trans-stromal migration assay) via a MMP-2-dependent mechanism
Sindikubwabo, Fabien. "Réseau régulatoire de HDAC3 pour comprendre les mécanismes de différenciation et de pathogenèse de Toxoplasma gondii". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV047/document.
Testo completoApicomplexan genome architecture is typified by a binary chromatin structure, with a major fraction of the bulk genome packaged as transcriptionally permissive euchromatin while few loci are embedded in silenced heterochromatin. There is evidence that histone modifications occurring at the lateral surface of the nucleosome play a substantial role in shaping chromatin structure, yet our understanding of the exact mechanism of action is poor. Here, we address how versatile modifications at Lys31 within the globular domain of histone H4 contribute to genome organization and expression in Apicomplexa. H4K31 acetylation was found at the promoter of active genes. The residue lies where the DNA wraps around the histone and its acetylation may enhance nucleosome disassembly, thereby favoring a more relaxed, open chromatin state. This residue tends also to be monomethylated and depending of the parasite examined different patterns were found. H4K31me1 was enriched in the core body of Toxoplasma active genes, yet its occupancy was inversely correlated with transcripts levels likely because the mark by reducing histone turnover impedes RNA polymerase progression across transcribed units. In contrast to the methylation of H3, it is the first time that a methylated residue of H4 has been clearly associated with transcriptional regulation. In Plasmodium, H4K31me1 was exclusively enriched at transcriptionally inactive genomic regions and peculiarly at pericentromeric heterochromatin, likely to replace the missing H3K9me3 that commonly decorated pericentric nucleosomes in other species
Fatih, Nadia. "Caractérisation in vitro de régulateurs de l'expression de l'hepcidine dans un modèle d'hépatocytes de souris différenciés". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S008.
Testo completoIron is essential. Hepcidin, a protein synthesized by hepatocytes, plays a predominant role in regulation of iron origins. An altered hepcidin expression often causes iron metabolism diseases. The aim of this work was to study mechanisms that control hepcidin expression, in order to permit an improvement in the follow up of patients with abnormal hepcidin expression. We developed a coculture model which permits maintenance of hepatocyte differentiated functions. Our results highlight the role of STAT3 pathway in the control of hepcidin expression. We showed the impact of STAT3 inhibitors on hepcidin expression and it should lead to study their potential benefit in the treatment of hyperhepcidinemias. Our coculture model allowed us to analyse Atoh8 biological role in hepcidin regulation. ATOH8 could be a repressor of hepcidin expression and its regulation could involve BMP/SMAD and IL6/STAT3 pathways
Mainzer, Carine. "Implication de l'IGF-1R dans la différenciation épidermique et le vieillissement". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064069.
Testo completoPonzio, Louis. "Plasmodium falciparum en culture : incidence sur la parasitémie de l'enrichissement in vitro de la membrane érythrocytaire en cholestérol et en bande 3". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30045.
Testo completoCaliaro, Marie-Josée. "Contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire d'adénocarcinomes ovariens, in vitro, par l'acide tout trans rétinoi͏̈que : intérêt potentiel de son association avec le cisplatine, en thérapeutique". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30102.
Testo completoBenhaddou, Ataaillah. "Study of the role of transcription factor TEAD4 in the control of myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblastes in vitro". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BENHADDOU_Ataaillah_2010.pdf.
Testo completoThe TEF / TEAD family of transcription factors play important roles in diseases involving hypertrophy and cardiac arrhythmia. TEAD4/TEF3 is highly and specifically expressed in skeletal muscle during development and is a target of MyoD and Myogenin transcription factors that induce its expression during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation in vitro. To understand the role of TEF3 in differentiating C2C12 cells, we generated strains in which TEAD4 expression is greatly diminished by stable expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). TEAD4 loss of function causes a differentiation defect characterized by the presence of myotubes much shorter in cells expressing the shRNA than in control cells. TEAD4 plays an important role in the myoblasts fusion to form myotubes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments coupled with hybridization to DNA microarrays (ChIP-chip) whowed that TEAD4 occupies the promoters of more than 800 genes, including those of MyoD1 and Myogenin, muscle specific microRNAs like mir-206, mir-1 ,mir-133a and a sets of structural genes involved in the formation of contractile fiber and sarcomeres. To determine whether TEAD4 regulates the expression of these target genes we carried out RT-qPCR and westernoblots experiments from cells expressing shRNA control or shRNA against TEAD4. Our results show that TEAD4 is necessary for the expression of Myogenin during C2C12 differentiation. In addition, TEAD4 regulates the expression of dysferlin and mir-206 that have recently been involved in the control of myoblast fusion and Caveolin3 and Calpain1, the markers of moyoblasts fusion
Jebeniani, Imen. "Etude in vitro et in vivo d'une cardiomyopathie secondaire à une laminopathie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0025.
Testo completoThe LMNA H222P missense mutation in autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patients is responsible for a muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the origin and development of the pathology are still unknown. Herein, we used mouse pluripotent stem cells as well as a mutant mouse, all harboring the LMNA H222P mutation, to investigate potential therapeutic approaches. Echocardiography of LMNA H222P mice in utero revealed dilatation of heart as early as E13.5, pointing to a developmental origin of the disease. Cardiac differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells was impaired as early as the mesodermal stage. Expression of Mesp1, a mesodermal cardiogenic gene as well as snail1 and twist, involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epiblast cells, was decreased in mutated cells when compared to wild type in the course of differentiation. In turn, cardiomyocyte differentiation was impaired. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays of the H3K4me1 epigenetic mark in differentiating cells revealed a specific decrease of this histone mark on regulatory regions of MesP1 and Twist. Downregulation or inhibition of LSD1, that specifically demethylates H3K4me1, rescued the epigenetic landscape in mutated cells. In turn downregulation of LSD1 rescued contraction in cardiomyocytes differentiated from LMNA H222P pluripotent stem cells. Our data point to LSD1 inhibitor, used in clinical trials in cancerology, as potential therapeutic molecule for laminopathies with a cardiac phenotype
Fecteau, Jessie-Farah. "Étude comparative de la réponse des lymphocytes B humains naïfs et mémoires in vitro". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24431/24431.pdf.
Testo completoHumoral immunity, managed by B lymphocytes and their antibody production, provides to the body soluble and specific weapons to clear current infections and to preserve an immunological memory. Traditionally, naive B cell response is associated with the first encounter with an antigen, while memory cell response is related to its subsequent appearance. Both populations, circulating in human peripheral blood, can be distinguished by the differential expression of the CD27 molecule. During this project, the in vitro response of peripheral naive (CD27) and memory B cells (CD27+) was studied, in a system exploiting CD40-CD154 interaction, normally provided by T cells, in the presence of soluble factors. This study highlighted a distinct response from naive and memory cells when separately stimulated, reflecting their different requirements. Comparison between their stimulation, together and separately, also underlined possible B-B cell interactions, suggesting a new vision of primary response initiation in vivo. Furthermore, this study conducted to the identification of a distinct memory cell subset in periphery, displaying a CD27IgG+ phenotype, which questions the use of CD27 as a memory B cell marker in humans. A potential regulatory role has also been suggested for the CD27-IgG+ memory subset, presumably aimed to suppress naive cell response once the infection is controlled. Overall, this project supports the elaboration of a model for primary and secondary humoral responses, taking into account the new memory subset identified and the interactions among B cells that likely occur in vivo.
Itoua, Maïga Rayelle. "Étude de la différenciation in vitro de lymphocytes B humains en plasmocytes. Microenvironnement et caractérisation des plasmocytes générés". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30140/30140.pdf.
Testo completoRougier-Larzat, Nathalie. "Différenciation et fonction des cellules dendritiques générées in vitro à partir de précurseurs CD34+ du sang de cordon ombilical : modèle in vitro de sensibilisation de contact". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T252.
Testo completoOikonomakos, Ioannis. "Vers la génération de cellules corticosurrénales à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ6038.
Testo completoThe adrenal cortex (AC) is a central steroidogenic organ with key functions in maintaining body homeostasis. Several adrenal diseases (eg Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)) could in principle be repaired by correcting the mutation (e.g. via recombination) or introduction of a transgene carrying a wildtype form of the mutated gene to permanently restore enzyme activity. However, data from our and other groups demonstrate a rapid turnover of the adrenal cortex. Thus, steroidogenic cells that have been genetically modified are likely to be rapidly replaced by amplifying progenitors that may still carry the mutation. Genetic correction will therefore need to target adrenal stem cell (ASC) populations rather than fully differentiated steroidogenic cells, and in vitro seems to be the better approach. In principle two alternative routes could be envisaged: 1) Generation of induced pluripotent cells (IPSC) from a patient, correction of the mutation using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach and subsequent differentiation towards the adrenal lineage with transplantation in/under the patient's adrenal capsule. 2) Isolation and culture of ASCs, correction in vitro followed by transplantation back into the patient. Aim of this project is to establish a protocol for the in vitro differentiation of mouse ES cells (mESCs) into adrenal progenitor cells and to evaluate their suitability for transplantations under the adrenal capsule. To achieve this goal, I decided to develop a stepwise differentiation procedure that follows as much as possible normal development. The adreno-gonadal primordium (AGP) develops at the interface of the anterior intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm. I developed a robust protocol that allows in vitro differentiation of mESCs via the EpiSC and primitive streak state, into the anterior intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm. Proper differentiation was demonstrated by the expression of cell type specific markers including Brachyury (T) for the primitive streak, Osr1, Gata4 and WT1 for mesodermal lineage, LIM1 and PAX2 for the anterior intermediate, and Foxf1 with Prrx1 for lateral plate mesoderm. The pathways underlying the specification of steroidogenic organs are not yet well established. To obtain further insight into this process, we established a collaboration with Prof. Serge Nef (University of Geneva), whose laboratory has performed single cell RNA-Seq experiments at critical time points of adreno-gonadal differentiation and separation of the adreno-gonadal primordium (AGP) into adrenal primordium (AP) and gonadal primordium (GP). Using information extracted from this cell atlas, and by testing various pathway activators and inhibitors, I was able to further orient differentiation towards the early steroidogenic fate as demonstrated by the upregulation of Nr5a1, a master regulator of steroidogenesis. By testing a range of extracellular matrix proteins, I could show that fibronectin 1 (FN1) enhanced the production of NR5A1 positive cells. Moreover, induction of the PKA pathway using a cAMP derivative (8-Br-cAMP) further increased NR5A1 expression levels in these conditions, both at the RNA and protein level; but still in limiting numbers to claim high efficiency of the protocol. In addition, culturing cells in 3D induced Nr5a1 and other early adrenal progenitor markers over gonadal ones in specific conditions. Further investigation for key aspects of the in vitro differentiation is needed to establish a robust adrenal organoid protocol. Finally, I could partially translate the protocol to hIPSCs, in which the cells were fated correctly for the early steroidogenic progenitor lineage. Taken together these results provide a road map for differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into adrenal progenitors and will form the basis for future work towards transplantation therapies of adrenal diseases
Guillotin, Bertrand. "Etude in vitro des interactions cellulaires et moléculaires entre les cellules endothéliales et les ostéoprogéniteurs humains". Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21147.
Testo completoOsteogenesis relies on a tightly regulated balance between bone formation and bone resorption. This process also occurs in striking interaction with angiogenesis. Assuming that endothelial cells are located in the very close vicinity of bone formation sites, we have been inerested in the potential involvement of endothelial cells and the gap jonctionnal Connexin43 in osteoprogenitors differentiation. To assess this question, we took advantage of the in vitro model of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Human Osteoprogenitors in a co-culture with physical contact. In order to analyze any effect of the co-culture on the phenotype of the HOP specifically, we validated an immuno-magnetic based cell enrichment method. Then, we are able to show that the co-culture triggers complex transcriptome alterations in the HOP, in terms of osteoblatic lineage differentiation as well as bone-related matrix production. Cx43 should be involved in this process
Djamiatun, Kis. "In vitro studies on induction of lymphocyte and cytokine responses to the gut protozoans Giardia lamblia and Giardia muris". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23882.
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