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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Dietary changes"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 21 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Dietary changes"

Champagne, Catherine M., Margaret L. Bogle e William H. Karge. "Using national dietary data to measure dietary changes". Public Health Nutrition 5, n. 6a (dicembre 2002): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002375.

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AbstractObjective:To demonstrate that dietary datasets from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, a US population survey, allow comparisons with national data and provide food composition datasets that can be used to generate similar dietary data.Design:Two studies are described: the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (Delta NIRI), which used a 24-hour recall, and a Department of Defense Military Nutrition Research Task, which used 3-day dietary records. Both studies used the same food composition tables.Setting:Rural Lower Mississippi Delta and an Army post.Subjects:Four hundred and nine residents (adults and children) from the rural Delta region of Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi, and 74 career soldiers from the Sergeants Major Academy, Fort Bliss, Texas.Results:The Delta NIRI study found that fruit and vegetable consumption for these rural residents was lower than that found nationally. Additionally, the quality of vegetable servings is of concern since a large percentage came from french fries and potato chips. In the Sergeants Major Academy study, the national survey food composition tables allowed for easy analysis of intake data and comparisons with dietary recommendations.Conclusions:Strategies similar to those used for the Delta NIRI and Military Nutrition Research Task can be used widely, allowing comparisons of ‘defined populations’ with nationally distributed data. Additionally, measurement of dietary change is more efficient when the same protocol is used subsequently to collect more data, a method similar to that used by the US Department of Agriculture to describe food consumption patterns from one survey to another.

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Roberson, Kortnee Y., e Emily White VanGompel. "Dietary changes to improve depression". Evidence-Based Practice 21, n. 4 (aprile 2018): E20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000542073.78274.57.

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Luca, F., G. H. Perry e A. Di Rienzo. "Evolutionary Adaptations to Dietary Changes". Annual Review of Nutrition 30, n. 1 (luglio 2010): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141048.

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Bergström, E., O. Hernell e LÅ Persson. "Dietary changes in Swedish adolescents". Acta Paediatrica 82, n. 5 (maggio 1993): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12726.x.

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Pereira, John, e Yoram Shir. "Reducing Pain Through Dietary Changes". Clinical Nutrition INSIGHT 34, n. 2 (febbraio 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000311962.17065.56.

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Jardine, G. "Obesity and dietary behavioural changes". Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 15, n. 2 (luglio 2010): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22201009.2010.10872233.

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Maskarinec, G., S. Murphy, D. M. Shumay e H. Kakai. "Dietary changes among cancer survivors". European Journal of Cancer Care 10, n. 1 (marzo 2001): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2354.2001.00245.x.

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Wennberg, Anna Lena, Anette Lundqvist, Ulf Högberg, Herbert Sandström e Katarina Hamberg. "Women's experiences of dietary advice and dietary changes during pregnancy". Midwifery 29, n. 9 (settembre 2013): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.09.005.

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Morris, M. A., E. L. Wilkins, M. Galazoula, S. D. Clark e M. Birkin. "Assessing diet in a university student population: a longitudinal food card transaction data approach". British Journal of Nutrition 123, n. 12 (5 marzo 2020): 1406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520000823.

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AbstractStarting university is an important time with respect to dietary changes. This study reports a novel approach to assessing student diet by utilising student-level food transaction data to explore dietary patterns. First-year students living in catered accommodation at the University of Leeds (UK) received pre-credited food cards for use in university catering facilities. Food card transaction data were obtained for semester 1, 2016 and linked with student age and sex. k-Means cluster analysis was applied to the transaction data to identify clusters of food purchasing behaviours. Differences in demographic and behavioural characteristics across clusters were examined using χ2 tests. The semester was divided into three time periods to explore longitudinal changes in purchasing patterns. Seven dietary clusters were identified: ‘Vegetarian’, ‘Omnivores’, ‘Dieters’, ‘Dish of the Day’, ‘Grab-and-Go’, ‘Carb Lovers’ and ‘Snackers’. There were statistically significant differences in sex (P < 0·001), with women dominating the Vegetarian and Dieters, age (P = 0·003), with over 20s representing a high proportion of the Omnivores and time of day of transactions (P < 0·001), with Dieters and Snackers purchasing least at breakfast. Many students (n 474, 60·4 %) changed dietary cluster across the semester. This study demonstrates that transactional data present a feasible method for dietary assessment, collecting detailed dietary information over time and at scale, while eliminating participant burden and possible bias from self-selection, observation and attrition. It revealed that student diets are complex and that simplistic measures of diet, focusing on narrow food groups in isolation, are unlikely to adequately capture dietary behaviours.

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Leveille, G. A., e P. F. Cloutier. "Isocaloric diets: effects of dietary changes". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.1.158.

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Tesi sul tema "Dietary changes"

McKinley, Kimberly. "Dietary pattern changes after cardiac events". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44936.

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A strong link has been made between dietary content and cardiac disease risk. Diets high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and poultry and lower in red meat have been shown to lower cardiac disease risk in both women and men. National diet guidelines, such as the Canada’s Food Guide (CFG), provide information on basic healthful eating. The CFG, however, lacks the details that are recommended in several cardiac disease-specific diets. The Alternate Health Eating Index (AHEI) is a scoring index that accounts for specific dietary factors such as types of fat, forms of carbohydrates and specific protein sources. High levels of adherence to the AHEI are associated with significantly lower cardiovascular disease risk in both men and women. This study evaluated dietary pattern for cardiac participants over a 16 month period; AHEI score and CFG adherence were measured, AHEI trends over time were examined and differences in AHEI scores based on sex, education level and income were examined. There was moderate correlation between the AHEI and CFG scores (r= 0.73, p=0.001). There were no significant changes over time for either food score and no sex differences noted. Participants with an education level greater than high school had significantly higher AHEI scores at baseline. Intake of fruits and vegetables did not meet recommended amounts at any time, though fibre intake well exceeded the recommendations for both men and women. Future evaluation of patients who receive formal cardiac rehabilitation may improve understanding of how the AHEI can be used as a tool for dietary evaluation in cardiac patients.

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Law, Tsz Wing. "Essays on drivers of dietary changes in India". Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/70040/.

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Al-Rammahi, Miran Abed Alamer Atiya. "Changes in expression of intestinal membrane proteins during development and with dietary change". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539722.

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Crawford, Caroline. "The effects of smoking cessation on changes in dietary intake". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ44152.pdf.

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Piazza, Julia C. "Changes in Food Group Consumption and Dietary Quality In Overweight Postpartum Women". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313687121.

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Wang, Kaipeng. "Acculturation, Sociodemographic and Environmental Determinants of Dietary Intake Among Asian Immigrants in the United States:". Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107303.

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Thesis advisor: Thanh V. Tran
Research has established that dietary quality among Asian immigrants declined after immigrating to the United States, indicated by decreasing intake of healthy food and increasing intake of unhealthy food. There is a need for a broader investigation for the interactive influence of acculturation, sociodemographic and environmental factors on dietary intake among this population. Guided by the Operant Theory of Acculturation, and the Dietary Acculturation Theory, the present study examined the following research questions to address the gaps in the literature: (1) Are acculturation factors associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (2) What sociodemographic factors are associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (3) What environmental factors are associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (4) What sociodemographic factors moderate the effect of acculturation on dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (5) What environmental factors moderate the effect of acculturation on dietary intake among Asian immigrants? The data in use come from the 2011 – 2012 Adult California Health Interview survey. The sample includes 2,122 non-Hispanic Asian adults born out of the United States. Results from negative binomial regression indicate that intake of fruits, vegetables, soda, fries and fast food was all negatively associated with living in the United States for at least 10 years, compared to living in the Unites States for less than 10 years. The present study also found sociodemographic (including ethnicity, age, gender, education, employment status, and income) and environmental factors (including family type, household size, household tenure, housing type, perceived availability of fresh fruits and vegetables, residential area category, and participation in food stamp and WIC) statistically significantly confounded and moderated the association between length of time lived in the United States and dietary intake. Findings from this study extend the understanding of the protective and risk factors for Asian immigrants to develop and maintain healthy diet, and demonstrated the complexity of dietary changes among Asian immigrants. Based on the findings, the importance that social work research and practice in addressing nutrition inequality among Asian immigrants was highlighted. The study also discovered potential issues and challenges of developing measurement for dietary intake among Asian immigrants, and provided empirical evidence of longitudinal research designs to further explain dietary changes, and guidelines for community-based interventions to address strategies of nutrition promotion among Asian immigrants
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work

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Abisgold, J. D. "Compensation by locusts for changes in dietary nutrients : Behavioural and physiological mechanisms". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382635.

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Bisdee, J. T. "Physiological and dietary induced changes in energy metabolism in men and women". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384289.

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Casey, Kelsey M. B. "Dietary changes associated with an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior in women". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32575.

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Master of Science
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health
Sara K. Rosenkranz
Evidence from physical activity interventions suggests that women, in particular, may overcompensate for exercise energy expenditure by increasing caloric intake. Sedentary behavior and poor diet quality are independent risk factors for many major chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unknown whether insufficiently active women alter dietary quality or caloric intake when participating in an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior. Insufficiently active women (n=49) working full-time sedentary jobs were randomized into one of two 8-week sedentary interventions occurring during the work week [short breaks (SB) (1-2 min every half hour, n=24) or long breaks (LB) (15 min twice daily, n=25)]. Dietary information was collected through 3-day food records at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Dietary quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). CVD risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), fasting cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose, and body mass index) were assessed at baseline and week 8. For all participants there were no changes in AHEI-2010 scores over time (baseline: M=53.4, 95% CI [49.2, 57.6], week 4: M=50.3, 95% CI [45.9, 54.7], week 8: M=48.4, 95% CI [44.1, 52.7], p>0.05). Average caloric intake in the SB group (baseline: M=1943.8 kcals/day, 95% CI [1716.2, 2171.5], week 4: M=1728.8 kcals/day, 95% CI [1462.4, 1995.2], week 8: M=1616.8 kcals/day, 95% CI [1450.2, 1783.4]) decreased significantly from baseline to week 4 (p=0.015) and baseline to week 8 (p=0.002). There were no significant changes in caloric intake in the LB group (p>0.05) at either time point. In all participants, absolute changes in LDL were positively correlated with absolute changes in caloric intake (r=0.473, p=0.005). There were no other significant associations between changes in dietary quality or caloric intake with changes in any other CVD risk factor (p>0.05). Following an 8-week sedentary intervention in the workplace, insufficiently active women did not alter their dietary quality, but decreased caloric intake. Future research should explore sedentary interventions compared to physical activity interventions in women as a means to create negative energy balance, as sedentary breaks throughout the day may be effective for improving health outcomes.

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Bremer, Molly Catherine. "Dietary Intake Changes in Response to a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Reduction Trial for SNAP Participants and Nonparticipants". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86237.

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It is unknown if participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) influences the magnitude of improvement in dietary intake in response to dietary interventions. Adults with low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have lower overall dietary quality as compared to those with higher SES. However, low SES adults are more likely to receive benefits from SNAP, which gives nutrition assistance to millions of eligible Americans. The objective of this investigation is to examine differences in dietary intake between 1) SNAP participants, 2) those eligible for SNAP but not receiving (nonparticipants), and 3) those ineligible for SNAP, in response to an intervention targeting a reduction in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Adult participants (n=146) from Southwest Virginia were enrolled in a 6-month, community-based trial, SIPsmartER. Participants provided SNAP enrollment status and 3 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and 6-months. Dietary variables (SSB, macronutrients, etc.) and dietary quality data (Healthy Eating Index [HEI-2010]) were derived from nutritional analysis software (NDS-R 2011). Statistical analyses included descriptives and repeated-measures ANOVA. Although SNAP participation and eligibility status did not impact the overall effectiveness of this dietary intervention, the within group data suggests that those eligible for SNAP but not participating (n=30) may be at a disadvantage to improving their dietary intake as compared to those at a similar household income who receive SNAP benefits (n=56) or ineligible individuals at a higher income level (n=60). Future research is needed to explore if participant's ability to maintain long-term adherence to the dietary changes differs between groups.
Master of Science

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Libri sul tema "Dietary changes"

Tradition, modernity, and value movement: A study of dietary changes in a Sri Lankan village. Colombo: Marga Institute, 1985.

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Stewart, Renée. Ontogenetic changes in dietary and tissue metal concentration in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a metal contamination gradient. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2003.

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Michael, Mills. The politics of dietary change. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1992.

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Birkett, Nicholas. Dietary fat reduction: Challenges in applying the stages of change model. Ottawa, Ont: Community Health Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Dept. of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, 1993.

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Birkett, Nicholas J. Dietary fat reduction: Challenges in applying the stages of change model. Ottawa: Community Health Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Dept. of Epidemiology and Community Medicine ; Ottawa-Carleton Health Department, 1993.

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Prell, Hillevi. Promoting dietary change: Intervening in school and recognizing health messages in commercials. Göteborg: University of Gothenburg, 2010.

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Lilley, Jeanette. Opportunities for and barriers to change in the dietary behaviour of elderly people. London: Health Educucation Authority, 1997.

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Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act: Is the FDA trying to change the intent of Congress? : hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, March 25, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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The super antioxidants: Why they will change the face of healthcare in the 21st century. New York: M. Evans, 1998.

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Office, General Accounting. Food safety: Changes needed to minimize unsafe chemicals in food : report to the chairman, Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Dietary changes"

Salyers, Abigail A. "Diet and the Colonic Environment: Measuring the Response of Human Colonic Bacteria to Changes in the Host’s Diet". In Dietary Fiber, 119–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2111-8_9.

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Elsas, Louis J., e James F. Trotter. "Changes in Physiological Concentrations of Blood Phenylalanine Produce Changes in Sensitive Parameters of Human Brain Function". In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function, 187–95. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9821-3_22.

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Rungsardthong, Vilai. "Changes of Properties and Functional Components of Extruded Foods". In Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements, 325–61. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118227800.ch12.

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Imai, K., S. Yoshimura, K. Hashimoto e G. A. Boorman. "Effects of Dietary Restriction on Age-Associated Pathological Changes in Fischer 344 Rats". In Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction, 87–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58181-6_9.

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Carlberg, Carsten, Stine Marie Ulven e Ferdinand Molnár. "Adaption of the Human Genome to Dietary Changes". In Nutrigenomics, 71–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30415-1_4.

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Modi, Pankaj. "Importance and Benefits of Lifestyles Changes Versus Diabetes Drugs in Effective Management of Diabetes". In Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals, 425–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4_26.

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Duffy, P. H., R. J. Feuers, J. E. A. Leakey e R. W. Hart. "Chronic Caloric Restriction in Old Female Mice: Changes in the Circadian Rhythms of Physiological and Behavioral Variables". In Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction, 245–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58181-6_24.

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Modi, Pankaj. "The Effectiveness and Economical Benefits of Cosmetic Treatments and Procedures Versus Natural Treatments and Life Style Changes". In Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals, 227–55. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-308-4_15.

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Mattila, Pauli T., Martti J. Svanberg e Matti L. E. Knuuttila. "Dietary Xylitol Protects Against Osseal Changes in Experimental Osteoporosis". In Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, 157–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2228-6_16.

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Andreescu, Nicoleta, Maria Puiu e Mihai Niculescu. "Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Epigenetic Changes in Cancer". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 121–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_7.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Dietary changes"

Alnatsheh, Reem Bassim, Mahmoud Alomari, Omar Khabour, Karem Alzoubi e Esra'a Keewan. "Changes in Dietary Habits and Eating Behaviors during COVID-19 Induced Confinement". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0311.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary habits (DH) and eating behaviors (EB) among adults during COVID-19-induced confinement. For this purpose, an online survey designed to assess the change in DH and EB during April and May of 2020 was distributed using various social media platforms. A total of 1844 participants aged 18-72 years completed the survey. The results outlined an increase (42.5-61.8%) in most of the DH and EB examined in the current study in the majority of the participants. Among these changes, increased (p<0.05) prevalence of fruit and vegetable, immune boosters, water, and hot beverage consumption as well as decreased (p<0.05) eating in restaurants and fatty food consumption, suggest a positive change. Conversely, a greater (p<0.05) percentage of the participants reported an increase in high-calorie food consumption and late night eating indicating a risky behavior for obesity and subsequent chronic complications. Additionally, age, gender, obesity, education, income, and job type seem to contribute (p<0.05) to the changes in DH and EB. Overall, COVID-19-induced confinement seems to compel adults to adopt a specific DH and EB. Though most of these changes were positive, some were negative. The study provides crucial information to design subpopulation recommendations and developmental programs for adults under such conditions.

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Evans, William, Jazmine Eccles e William Baldwin. "Changes in Energy Metabolism Induced by PFOS and Dietary Oxylipins". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jnpe5541.

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CYP2B6 is a drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) that has anti-obesity properties, but also increases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hCYP2B6-transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice. hCYP2B6-transgenic mice are also more susceptible to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) toxicity, a lipid-like toxicant used in stains, varnishes and firefighting foams that increase NAFLD. Our recent research demonstrates that CYP2B6 metabolizes dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids into the oxylipins, 9-HODE and 9-HOTre, which are strong peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) agonists and weak PPARg agonists. The purpose of our studies is to better understand the mechanisms behind PFOS and oxylipin-mediated hepatic steatosis. To test whether PFOS, 9-HODE or 9-HOTrE alter mitochondrial metabolism, Seahorse Mitostress assays were performed using HepG2 cells treated with 0.2, 1 and 5mM PFOS, 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE for 24 hours (n=5). Both PFOS and 9-HOTrE increased spare respiratory capacity in a concentration-dependent manner with lesser effects by 9-HODE. qPCR was performed following exposure of HepG2 cells to 1 and 5 mM of each compound to investigate changes in gene expression that may explain alterations in mitochondrial respiration or hepatic steatosis. PFOS repressed expression of ANGPTL4, a biomarker of PPARgactivation. 9-HODE induced CD36 and FASN expression, genes involved in fatty acid uptake and synthesis. 9-HOTrE induced SREBF1 and Cpt1a expression, genes involved in sterol synthesis and fatty acid transport into the mitochondria and may partially explain the increase in SRC. Thus, based on current results, PFOS is associated with reduced transport of lipids from the liver and 9-HODE increases lipid uptake; both would increase steatosis through different mechanisms. 9-HOTre may increase metabolism and therefore reduce steatosis.

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Reiman, Derek, e Yang Dai. "Using Autoencoders for Predicting Latent Microbiome Community Shifts Responding to Dietary Changes". In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983124.

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Zhang, Guang, Zhihui Sun, Yanguo Shi e Mingshou Lu. "Research on Changes of Dietary Fiber in Bean Dregs during Extrusion Process". In 4th Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry (WARTIA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/wartia-18.2018.79.

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Angelotti, Austin, Rachel Cole, Amy Webb, Maciej Pietrzak e Martha Belury. "Diet-induced Gene Expression Changes of Cachectic Muscle, Adipose, and Liver". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gvbe2596.

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Cancer cachexia is a systemic disease characterized by muscle and adipose loss that cannot be reversed by increasing caloric intake. Our previous research has shown insulin resistance precedes cancer cachexia in the C26 mouse model of cachexia, and a diet high in linoleic acid, the essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates the C26-induced insulin resistance. Therefore, to better understand how dietary linoleic acid is improving insulin sensitivity, we characterized gene expression changes in three major tissues responsible for controlling insulin sensitivity: skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver. To do this male CD2F1 (Charles River, MA) were randomized to semi-purified diet (24% fat by weight) containing fat prominently from lard, or containing fat prominently from safflower oil (a linoleic acid-rich oil). One week after diet randomization, mice were inoculated with colon-26 (C26) adenocarcinoma cells (1.0E6 cells). 13 days after inoculation mice were euthanized and gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue, and liver tissue were collected for total transcriptome analysis using poly-A enriched next generation RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were selected based on p-values < 0.05. There were no detectable differences in body weight or food intake between the two diets in mice with C26 tumors. Between the two diets 12 genes were differentially expressed in the muscle, while 57 genes were differentially expressed in the liver, and 314 genes were differentially expressed in adipose. A linoleic acid enriched diet had little effect on the skeletal muscle transcriptome but induced larger transcriptome changes in liver and adipose. This could suggest dietary linoleic acid increases insulin sensitivity through affecting metabolism in adipose and liver, rather than skeletal muscle. Determining these diet-induced transcriptome changes allows us to better target tissue-specific molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid in future research.

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Elsayed, Fatma, Aram Alhammadi, Alanood Alahmad, Zahra Babiker e Abdelhamid Kerkadi. "Relationship between Eating Patterns and Body Composition among Young Females in Qatar". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0219.

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The prevalence of obesity has been increased in Qatar, with the transition from healthy to unhealthy dietary habits. Behavioral factors that are associated with obesity are, long-term imbalanced energy intake, high screen time, skipping breakfast and physical inactivity. Changes in body composition and percent body fat (PBF) increase the risk of non-communicable disease. This study is the first study conducted in Qatar to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and body composition among young females at Qatar University. This cross-sectional study consisted of 766 healthy female students Qatari and non-Qatari aged from 18-26 years randomly selected from different colleges at Qatar University. A validate questionnaire was used in order to collect data about healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements involved body weight, height, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body composition using “Seca285”, “Seca203” and “InbodyBiospace 720”. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor loading. Linear regression was used to estimate confidence intervals and regression coefficient. More than half of the participants had a normal weight (65.1%), whereas 22.8 % and 12.0% were overweight and obese, respectively. Fat mass, BMI and PBF were slightly increased with age, but there was no significant difference. Factor analysis identified two dietary patterns: unhealthy patterns and healthy patterns. The frequent intake of vegetables and fruits was significant among high PBF female students (p=0.045 and p=0.001, respectively). The frequent intake of fast food was higher for overweight female students but there was no significant difference (p=0.289), whereas, the frequent intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher significant rate of normal weight among female students (p = 0.009). No significant relation was found between dietary patterns, BMI and PBF. In conclusion, body composition is not significantly associated with healthy and unhealthy eating patterns among young females.

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Acedo, Cristina, Fidel Lopez-Espuela, María L. Canal-Macías, Purificación Rey, Antonio Sanchez-Fernandez, Jose M. Moran, Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano, Jesus M. Lavado-García e Raul Roncero-Martín. "Body Composition and Dietary Intake Changes in Postmenopausal Spanish Women before and after the COVID-19 Lockdown". In IECN 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecn2022-12404.

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Cole, Rachel, Eric Colombo, Austin Angelotti e Martha Belury. "The Effects of Dietary Soybean Oil on Blood Fatty Acids and Body Weight in Overweight and Obese Adults: Protocol for a Crossover Design Pilot Study". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xjuq4435.

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Dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6), an essential fatty acid, is inversely correlated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. LA blood biomarkers are negatively associated with diabetes and markers of insulin resistance and inflammation. In the US, changes in oil seed crops have reduced the amount of LA in edible oils like soybean, sunflower and safflower, which could lead to many adults in the US consuming inadequate amounts of LA. The objective of the Dietary Oils to Sustain Energy (DOSE) study is to determine changes in blood levels of LA and body weight after daily consumption of foods made with a LA-rich soybean oil. In this 10-week randomized crossover design pilot study, 16 overweight or obese adults will consume 3 study foods per day made with 10g of soybean oil or 10g of palm oil (30g of oil per day) for 4 weeks with a 2-week washout period between. A registered dietitian will help participants incorporate the study foods into their habitual diets with the goal of maintaining body weight which will be measured every two weeks. Fasting blood samples will be collected for fatty acid analysis of plasma, erythrocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as analysis of markers of inflammation and glycemia. Study food consumption will be measured through self-report and returned uneaten study foods. 24-hour recalls will be used to measure dietary intake and physical activity. We hypothesize that consumption of the study foods made with the LA-rich soybean oil will increase LA levels in the plasma, erythrocytes and PBMC after 4 weeks. We expect that participants will be able to maintain their body weight during the study. The consumption of food products made with a LA-rich oil will allow adults to easily increase their intake of LA.

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Hanley, Matthew P., e Daniel W. Rosenberg. "Abstract 899: Cancer protection associated with dietary methyl donor deficiency is characterized by persistent changes to epithelial proliferation and metabolism". In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-899.

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Simonsen, T., Å. Vårtun, V. Lyngmo e A. Nordθy. "CORNARY HEART DISEASE, DIET, SERUM LIPIDS, PLATELET FUNCTION AND PLATELET FATTY ACIDS IN TWO POPULATIONS WITH A HIGH AND A LOW INTAKE OF DIETARY FISH". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643806.

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In the coastal areas of Northern Norway the intake of fish is by tradition high whereas in the inland area it is low. We have examined the mortality of CHD in the period 1975-84 in a coastal community (C) and an inland community (I). In addition we have examined 30 healthy male subjects aged 30-year, selected by random in the two communities. The examination included a dietary survey based on registration and weighing of all dietary items for one week, blood pressure, serum lipids, primary bleeding time, platelet aggregation induced by collagen and fatty acid composition of platelet total phospholipids.The age-adjusted mortality of CHD was significantly higher for age groups 30-70 year in C whereas the opposite was found above 70 years of age. The mean intake of fish per day was 134 g (0.9 g eicosapentaenoic acid-EPA) in C and 53 g (0.25 g EPA) in I. Serum triglycerides was higher in C (p<0.05) whereas totalcholesterol was similar. The primary bleeding time was not different in the two areas. Significantly lower concentrations of collagen was needed to induce 30 and 60% aggregation in platelet rich plasma in C than in I. No significant differences in the content of eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA) was observed in platelet total phospholipid fatty acids. This study has not confirmed that a high intake of fish as a singledietary variant, is associated with a low mortality of CHD. The lack of changes in plasma lipids, platelet fatty acid composition between representative groups from the two populationsindicate that other factors mask the possible beneficial effects of a high fish diet. Furthermore, the daily intake of large amounts of lean fish give only a very moderate increase in dietary intake of EPA.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Dietary changes"

Swantek, P. Matthew, David R. Stender, Thomas G. Miller e Mark Storlie. Effect of Dietary Changes on Manure Nutrient Content and Value. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1215.

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Kellner, Trey A., Kenneth J. Prusa e John F. Patience. The Impact of Duration of Feeding and Saturation of Dietary Fats on Changes in Body Fat Over Time and on Final Carcass Lipid Iodine Values. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-671.

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Koven, William, Gordon Grau, Benny Ron e Tetsuya Hirano. Improving fry quality, survival and growth in commercially farmed fish by dietary stimulation of thyroid hormone production in premetamorphosing larvae. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695856.bard.

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There is a direct correlation between successful metamorphosis from larvae to post-larvae and the quality of the resultant juveniles or fry. Juvenile quality, in turn, is a major factor influencing fish production level and market price. However, following the profound morphological and physiological changes occurring during metamorphosis, the emerging juveniles in some species characteristically demonstrate heterotrophic growth, poor pigmentation, cannibalism and generally poor survival. The white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) in Israel and the Pacific threadfin (Polydactylussexfilis) in Hawaii are two promising candidates for mariculture that have high market value but a natural fishery that has sharply declined in recent years. Unfortunately, their potential for culture is severely hampered by variable metamorphic success limiting their production. The main objective was to compare the efficacy and economic viability of dietary or environmental iodine on metamorphic success and juvenile quality in the white grouper and the pink snapper which would lead to improved commercial rearing protocols and increased production of these species both in Israel and the US. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology encountered problems with the availability of pink snapper brood stock and larvae and changed to Pacific threadfin or moi which is rapidly becoming a premier aquaculture species in Hawaii and throughout the Indo-Pacific. The white grouper brood stock at the National Center for Mariculture was lost as a result of a viral outbreak following the sudden breakdown of the ozone purification system. In addition, the NCM suffered a devastating fire in the fall of 2007 that completely destroyed the hatchery and laboratory facilities although the BARD project samples were saved. Nevertheless, by studying alternate species a number of valuable findings and conclusions that can contribute to improved metamorphosis in commercially valuable marine species resulted from this collaborative effort. The Israeli group found that exposing white grouper larvae to external TH levels synchronized and increased the rate of metamorphosis. This suggested that sub-optimal synthesis of TH may be a major factor causing size heterogeneity in the larval population and high mortality through cannibalism by their larger more metamorphosed cohorts. Two protocols were developed to enrich the larvae with higher levels of the TH precursor, iodine; feeding iodine enriched Artemia or increasing the level of seawater iodine the larvae are exposed to. Results of accumulated iodine in gilthead seabream larvae indicated that the absorption of iodine from the water is markedly more efficient than feeding iodine enriched Artemia nauplii. Samples for TH, which will be analyzed shortly, will be able to determine if another dietary factor is lacking to effectively utilize surplus tissue iodine for TH synthesis. Moreover, these samples will also clarify which approach to enriching larvae with iodine, through the live food or exposure to iodine enriched seawater is the most efficient and cost effective. The American group found that moi larvae reared in ocean water, which possessed substantially higher iodine levels than those found in seawater well water, grew significantly larger, and showed increased survival compared with well water reared larvae. Larvae reared in ocean water also progressed more rapidly through developmental stages than those in low-iodine well seawater. In collaboration with Israeli counterparts, a highly specific and precise radioimmunoassay procedure for thyroid hormones and cortisol was developed. Taken altogether, the combined Hawaiian and Israeli collaborative research suggests that for teleost species of commercial value, adequate levels of environmental iodine are more determinate in metamorphosis than iodine levels in the live zooplankton food provided to the larvae. Insuring sufficiently high enough iodine in the ambient seawater offers a much more economical solution to improved metamorphosis than enriching the live food with costly liposomes incorporating iodine rich oils.

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Ecker, Olivier, e Andrew R. Comstock. Dietary change and food demand in urbanizing Bangladesh. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134973.

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Schmidt, Emily, e Peixun Fang. Papua New Guinea agri-food trade trends: Dietary change and obesity. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134433.

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Harmon, David L., Israel Bruckental, Gerald B. Huntington, Yoav Aharoni e Amichai Arieli. Influence of Small Intestinal Protein on Carbohydrate Assimilation in Beef and Dairy Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570572.bard.

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The long term goal of the proposed research, "Influence of small intestinal protein on carbohydrate assimilation and metabolism in beef and dairy cattle" was to define the limits of small intestinal starch digestion and clarify regulatory mechanisms involved in starch assimilation in cattle. It was hypothesized that dietary protein plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal digestion; however, studies clearly identifying this role were lacking. The first two experiments quantified starch digestion (disappearance from the small intestine) in response to known increments in duodenal protein supply and found that the quantity of DM, OM and starch disappearing from the small intestine increased linearly (P <.01) with protein infusion. A follow-up experiment also demonstrated that casein infusion linearly increased pancreatic a-amylase concentration and secretion rate. The final experiment provided critical data on metabolic fates of glucose derived from intestinal starch digestion. These data demonstrated that increasing postruminal starch supply does increase the metabolism of glucose by visceral tissues: however, this increase is minor (20%) compared with the increase in portal production (70%). These changes can have a dramatic impact on the glucose economy of the animal and result in large increases in the amount of glucose reaching peripheral tissues.

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Schmidt, Emily, e Peixun Fang. Agri-food trade trends in Papua New Guinea: Reflections on COVID-19 policies and dietary change. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133998.

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Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental e Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.

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The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.

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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor e Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.

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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel e Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.

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