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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024

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1

Henny, R. J., C. A. Conover e R. T. Poole. "‘Victory’ Dieffenbachia". HortScience 22, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 967–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.967.

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Abstract Dieffenbachia species and cultivars have been important ornamental tropical foliage plants for many years. Their attractive foliar variegation, ease of production, and adaptability to interior environments are major reasons for their importance as commercial foliage plants. About 20 cultivars have been produced commercially in Florida. Most new cultivars were obtained from private plant collections or as mutations of established cultivars. Because dieffenbachias occur naturally in a diversity of sizes, growth habits, and variegation patterns, they were included as part of the foliage plant breeding program at the Central Florida Research and Education Center—Apopka. The hybrid Dieffenbachia × ‘Victory’, herein described, was developed and selected as a part of the program.

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2

Jouen, E., P. Laurent, I. Robène-Soustrade, L. Gagnevin, O. Pruvost, B. Hostachy, G. Gateblé, R. Amice e F. Imbert. "First Report in New Caledonia of Bacterial Blight of Anthurium Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae". Plant Disease 91, n. 4 (aprile 2007): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0462b.

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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of aroids (BBA), has been reported in many regions and has been isolated on several host genera (1). During February 2004, in a nursery (Mont Dore) in New Caledonia, suspect symptoms have been observed on anthurium and dieffenbachia plants. A survey carried out on the entire island revealed that X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae was present in 41 of the 89 nurseries inspected. During hot and humid weather, marginal or interveinal water-soaked spots surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic areas were observed, usually followed by a systemic phase (stem rotting and death of the plant). During the cold and dry season, only water-soaked spots were observed. Seventy pure cultures isolated from anthurium and dieffenbachia were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and had a mucoid aspect when grown on rich media. All strains responded positively to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) raised against X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae using indirect ELISA. A set of 18 strains (isolated from 15 anthurium and 3 dieffenbachia plants located in different sites) were further characterized by molecular and pathogenicity tests. All strains reacted positively using a specific nested PCR assay (1). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum ‘Carré’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Tropic Marianne’, and Syngonium podophyllum ‘Robusta’ by syringue infiltration of a suspension containing approximately 105 CFU mL-1. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures of 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol m-2·s-1 light intensity and a photoperiod of 12 h (1). On all plants, all strains caused typical water-soaked symptoms within 10 days, evolving into chlorotic then necrotic areas after 20 to 24 days. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed three haplotypes among these strains, which suggests that several introduction events may have occurred. These AFLP fingerprints were compared with other Xanthomonas spp. pathovars, including most of X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains obtained from international culture collections, and were found to belong to the same genomic group as all the X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains pathogenic on anthurium. Importation in New Caledonia of aroids from countries in which X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae is present (Hawaii, French Polynesia, the Netherlands, and Australia) occurred before 2004. The wide distribution of BBA is very likely due to the plant material movements occurring in New Caledonia and suggests that the pathogen may have been present on the territory some years before the first official case. Reference: (1) I. Robene-Soustrade et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:1072, 2006.

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3

Norman, D. J., R. J. Henny, J. M. F. Yuen e E. R. Dickstein. "First Report of Xanthomonas axonopodis Infecting Agapanthus in Florida". Plant Disease 86, n. 5 (maggio 2002): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.562a.

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Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis, commonly called African lily or lily-of-the-Nile, bears large, round, blue or white flowers above attractive dark green foliage. Because of these horticultural features, this member of the family Liliaceae, has become a popular perennial bedding plant. For the past 2 years during warm wet periods, symptoms of chlorotic, water-soaked, leaf-streaks have been observed on agapanthus production in Florida. Round butyrus, bright yellow colonies were consistently isolated on nutrient agar. Bacteria were characterized as gram negative, catalase positive, motile, strictly aerobic, and not hydrolytic on starch. Using fatty acid analysis (FAME) and the MIDI Microbial Identification System with software version TSBA 3.90 (Microbial ID, Inc., Newark DE), three strains were further characterized and identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis with similarity coefficients to X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (0.907, 0.915, and 0.944) and to X. axonopodis pv. poinsetticola (0.912, 0.922, and 0.916). The three isolates were each inoculated on three plants each of agapanthus cv. Blue African lily, Dieffenbachiae maculata cv. Camille, and poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima cv. PeterStar Red. Plants were sprayed with a suspension of each isolate at 1 × 108 CFU/ml, bagged for 24 h to raise humidity, and placed in a glasshouse for symptom development. Strains of X. axonopodis pv. poinsetticola (NZTCC 5779) and X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (X1718) were used as positive controls. Within 3 weeks, isolates from agapanthus produced leaf streaks on agapanthus plants, small, scattered, water-soaked lesions on dieffenbachia leaves, and no symptoms on poinsettia. No symptoms developed on the agapanthus plants when inoculated with either control strain. Both control strains formed lesions on leaves of their original host species. Xanthomonas was reisolated from treatments with symptomatic leaves. Plant inoculations were repeated with similar results. Although the agapanthus isolates were highly similar in FAME profiles to X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, symptoms produced on dieffenbachia were mild as compared with those produced by the dieffenbachia isolate. Therefore, these isolates may represent a distinct pathovar.

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4

Norman, D. J., R. J. Henny e J. M. F. Yuen. "Disease Resistance in Twenty Dieffenbachia Cultivars". HortScience 32, n. 4 (luglio 1997): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.709.

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Twenty commonly grown Dieffenbachia cultivars were tested for their resistance to diseases affecting production caused by the following bacterial and fungal pathogens: Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae (McCulloch and Pirone) Dye, Erwinia chrysanthemi Burk, Fusarium solani Sacc, and Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. Two isolates of each pathogen were used to compare heterogenic pathogen populations to the relatively homogenetic asexually produced cultivars. Cultivars having horizontal resistance toward tested pathogens could then easily be identified. The cultivars Camille, Compacta, and Parachute showed the broadest horizontal resistance, with resistance toward three of the four pathogen groups tested. Disease resistance identified in this research permits the selection of plants to be used in breeding, and also creates a baseline to compare resistance of newly developed cultivars.

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5

Henny, R. J., C. A. Conover e R. T. Poole. "‘Triumph’ Dieffenbachia". HortScience 22, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 965–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.965.

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Abstract Dieffenbachia species and cultivars are important tropical ornamental foliage plants due to their attractive foliar variegation, ease of production, and adaptability to interior environments. About 20 cultivars have been produced commercially in Florida. Previously, most new cultivars were obtained from private plant collections or as mutations of established cultivars. Because dieffenbachia occur naturally in a variety of sizes, growth habits, and variegation patterns, they were included as part of the foliage plant breeding program at the Central Florida Research and Education Center–Apopka. The hybrid Dieffenbachia cultivar Triumph was developed and selected as part of that program.

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6

Henny, R. J., J. Chen e D. J. Norman. "`GoldRush' Dieffenbachia". HortScience 39, n. 6 (ottobre 2004): 1505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1505.

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7

Henny, R. J. "`Sparkles' Dieffenbachia". HortScience 30, n. 1 (febbraio 1995): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.163.

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8

Henny, R. J., J. Chen e D. J. Norman. "`Sterling' Dieffenbachia". HortScience 41, n. 5 (agosto 2006): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1356.

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Species and cultivars of Dieffenbachia Schott. (Araceae Juss.) have been important ornamental foliage plants for many decades. Their attractive foliar variegation, adaptability to interior environments, and ease of production are major reasons for their importance as ornamental foliage plants. Approximately 20 cultivars are commercially produced in Florida. Previously, most new cultivars were clones introduced from the wild or chance mutations of existing cultivars. Currently, cultivars are introduced into production from plant breeding programs (Henny 1995a, b; Henny and Chen, 2003; Henny et al., 1987). The hybrid Dieffenbachia `Sterling' was developed by the tropical foliage plant breeding program at the Mid-Florida Research and Education Center.

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9

Hasanah, Hasni Ummul, e Evi Hanizar. "Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Bahagia (Dieffenbachia Sp.) terhadap Mortalitas Kecoa (Periplanetta Sp.)". BIO-CONS : Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi 5, n. 1 (15 giugno 2023): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31537/biocons.v5i1.1143.

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Kecoa (Periplanetta sp.) adalah salah satu serangga rumah tangga yang paling umum kita temukan di berbagai tempat. Kecoa juga menjadi vektor mekanis untuk beberapa penyakit seperti diare, keracunan makanan, tipus, disentri, polio, hepatitis a, dan cholera. Hal ini karena tubuh kecoa mampu mentransmisikan bakteri patogen seperti Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Shigella sp. dan bakteri patogen lainnya. Cara pengendalian yang biasa digunakan selama ini adalah secara kimiawi menggunakan insektisida kimia yang memiliki dampak negatif terhadap manusia dan lingkungan. Penggunakan insektisida nabati diperlukan agar mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh zat kimia. Daun bahagia (Dieffenbachia sp.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan minyak atsiri yang berkhasiat sebagai daya zat penolak (repellent) dan anti mikroba. Kandungan ekstrak daun Bahagia (Dieffenbachia sp.) dapat mengganggu sistem respirasi yang dapat mematikan kecoa (Periplanetta sp.). Kontrol positif menggunakan insektisida kimia dan ekstrak Daun Bahagia (Dieffenbachia sp.) menghasilkan jumlah mortalitas yang sama, akan tetapi pada menit ke lima, kontrol positif lebih cepat waktu mortalitasnya dibandingkan ekstrak daun Bahagia (Dieffenbachia sp.). Penggunaan daun Bahagia (Dieffenbachia sp.) berpotensi menjadi insektisida alami yang ramah lingkungan dan mudah didapatkan karena daun Bahagia (Dieffenbachia sp.) memiliki kandungan yang dapat membasmi serangga yaitu flavonoid dan minyak atsiri.

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10

Henny, R. J., R. T. Poole e C. A. Conover. "`Star White' Dieffenbachia". HortScience 27, n. 1 (gennaio 1992): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.1.82.

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11

Henny, R. J., R. T. Poole e C. A. Conover. "‘Tropic Star’ Dieffenbachia". HortScience 23, n. 5 (ottobre 1988): 919–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.5.919.

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Abstract Although Dieffenbachia have been important ornamental tropical foliage plants for many years, relatively few cultivars have become widely grown. Most new cultivars have originated from private plant collections or mutations of commercial cultivars, with breeding playing a small role. Due to the natural diversity of this genus, a breeding program involving Dieffenbachia was initiated in 1976 at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka. ‘Tropic Star’, herein described, is the third hybrid Dieffenbachia to be released to Florida foliage growers from that program (1, 2).

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12

Henny, R. J., R. T. Poole e C. A. Conover. "‘Starry Nights’ Dieffenbachia". HortScience 24, n. 3 (giugno 1989): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.522.

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Abstract Relatively few Dieffenbachia cultivars have become widely grown, although they have been important ornamental tropical foliage plants for many years. Most new cultivars have originated from private plant collections or by mutation from commercial cultivars, with breeding playing a minor role. A Dieffenbachia breeding program was initiated in 1976 at the Central Florida Research and Education Center at Apopka, which resulted in three previous cultivar releases (Henny et al., 1987a, 1987b, 1988). ‘Starry Nights’, herein described, is the fourth Dieffenbachia hybrid to be released from that program.

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13

Henny, R. J. "`Star Bright' Dieffenbachia". HortScience 30, n. 1 (febbraio 1995): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.164.

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14

Henny, Richard J., J. Chen e D. J. Norman. "‘Tropic Honey’ Dieffenbachia". HortScience 42, n. 2 (aprile 2007): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.398.

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15

Campos, Ricardo, e David Wm Reed. "Determination of Constant-Feed Liquid Fertilization Rates for Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’ and Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11, n. 1 (1 marzo 1993): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-11.1.22.

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Abstract Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’ and Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’, two popular foliage plants sensitive to excess salts, were grown using 9 levels of water-soluble fertilizer in a 3-1-2 ratio of N-P2O5-K2O. The range for maximum growth occurred at 100–200 ppm (mg/1) N for Spathiphyllum and 200–400 ppm (mg/1) N for Dieffenbachia on a constant-feed basis. Spathiphyllum showed more noticeable leaf bum symptoms compared to Dieffenbachia when the concentration of fertilizer in the irrigation water increased above the range that yielded maximum growth.

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16

Donahoo, R. S., J. B. Jones, G. H. Lacy, V. K. Stromberg e D. J. Norman. "Genetic Analyses of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae Strains Reveal Distinct Phylogenetic Groups". Phytopathology® 103, n. 3 (marzo 2013): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-12-0191-r.

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A comprehensive analysis of 175 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains isolated from 10 Araceae hosts was done to identify pathogen variation. The strains were subjected to repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence polymerase chain reaction and four major phylogenetic clusters were generated. A subset of 40 strains isolated from Anthurium, Dieffenbachia, and Syngonium was further defined by amplified fragment length polymorphism and fatty acid methyl ester analysis and the same four phylogenetic clusters were observed. Comparison of representative strains in the first three clusters using DNA-DNA hybridization and multilocus sequence analysis supports the previous reclassification of strains in cluster I, including the X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae pathovar reference strain (LMG695), to X. citri. Our research findings indicate that strains in cluster I, isolated primarily from anthurium, probably represent an undescribed pathovar. Other phylogenetic subclusters consisting primarily of strains isolated from xanthosoma and philodendron in clusters III and IV, respectively, may yet represent other undescribed species or pathovars of Xanthomonas.

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17

Akca, Halise, Emine Polat, Nilden Tuygun, Neslihan Gurcan Kaya e Can Demir Karacan. "Hazard at Home: Dieffenbachia". Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine Case Reports 5, n. 4 (10 luglio 2014): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/jaemcr.2014.47568.

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18

Ajay, P., e Urfi Fatmi. "Performance of Different Dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia seguine) Varieties under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, n. 7 (6 luglio 2024): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i74815.

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The present investigation was under taken in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during August, 2023 to February, 2024. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with eight different dieffenbachia varieties, viz. Tropic Marianne, Star Bright, Picta, Sterling, Tropic Snow, Green Magic, Perfecta, Chandra, replicated thrice, under 50% shade net conditions. The variety V5 (Tropic Snow) recorded significantly better performance compared to other varieties, in terms of growth parameters like plant height (54.6 cm), number of leaves (11.2), plant spread (46.31 cm2), stem girth (11.6cm), leaf area (210.41 cm2), minimum leaf production interval (15 .3 days), plant growth index based on height of the plants (0.045), survival percentage (100%). The study concluded that the variety tropic snow observed to be the best at survival and establishment among other varieties under shade net condition.

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19

McKone, Mark J., Jonathan W. Moore, Christopher W. Harbison, Ian C. Holmen, Hillary C. Lyons, Kristine M. Nachbor, Julia L. Michalak, Maurine Neiman, Julia L. Nicol e George R. Wheeler. "Rapid collapse of a population of Dieffenbachia spp., plants used for tadpole-rearing by a poison-dart frog (Oophaga pumilio) in a Costa Rican rain forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, n. 6 (4 settembre 2014): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000467.

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Abstract:Amphibian populations have been declining worldwide, with multiple potential causes. At La Selva field station in north-eastern Costa Rica, previous work has shown that populations of many amphibians have decreased significantly since the 1970s, especially in primary forest. Starting in 1998, we investigated one of the most common frog species at La Selva, the poison-dart frog Oophaga pumilio (= Dendrobates pumilio). In a survey of 50 plots of 100 m2 in 1998, adult frogs were 4.6 times more abundant in secondary forest than in primary forest. Tadpoles were found only in secondary-forest plots. Almost all (89%) of the tadpoles were found in leaf axils of Dieffenbachia spp., which were much more abundant in secondary-forest than in primary-forest plots. The greater abundance of Dieffenbachia spp. in secondary forest was confirmed in a broad survey of ~11 km of trails within La Selva in 2002. When the same trails were resampled in 2012, Dieffenbachia spp. had been extirpated from 72% of the 50-m segments where plants were present in 2002; abundance was greatly reduced in the few trail segments where any Dieffenbachia spp. remained in 2012. The loss of Dieffenbachia spp., especially in secondary forest, removed the species most often used by O. pumilio for tadpole rearing. Based on counts of calling frogs in 2010, there was no difference in O. pumilio abundance in primary versus secondary forest, in striking contrast to multiple earlier surveys that found much greater frog abundance in secondary forest. We propose that the reason for the rapid decline in Dieffenbachia spp. is herbivory by the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), which has increased in abundance at La Selva in recent years. A likely consequence is continued reduction in O. pumilio populations.

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20

Dewi, Yusriani Sapta. "TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN BLANCENG (Dieffenbachia spp) SEBAGAI PENYERAP POLUTAN". JURNAL TECHLINK 1, n. 01 (25 settembre 2023): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59134/jtnk.v1i01.470.

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Polusi udara adalah polusi yang terjadi di udara yang disebabkan adanya polutan yang berupa gas maupun zat partikel. Efek polusi udara pada ruangan tertutup ternyata lebih besar dibanding di luar ruangan. Salah satu cara mengurangi polusi udara adalah dengan meletakkan tanaman yang dapat mengurangi gas polutan tersebut di dalam ruangan. Tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tanaman blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kemampuan tanaman Blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp) yang digunakan dalam ruangan sebagai tanaman penyerap polutan di dalam rumah. Metode yang digunakan adalah SNI 19-7119.3-2005 dan SNI 19-7119.4-2005. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah tanaman blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp) efektif mengurangi logam timbal namun tidak untuk partikel debu.

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Champeau, Olivier, James M. Ataria, Grant L. Northcott, Gen Kume, Andrew Barrick e Louis A. Tremblay. "Assessment of the Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on a Large River Using Longfin Eel as a Bioindicator". Sustainability 12, n. 20 (13 ottobre 2020): 8412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208412.

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The Matāura River is the sixth largest river system in New Zealand and has long been subject to agricultural, industrial, and residential land use activities. The catchment has economic value and is of great cultural importance for local Māori, who have concerns over potential adverse impacts that anthropogenic stressors exert on the health of the river. There is a dearth of information on the impacts of these stressors towards the health of native species such as the longfin eel Anguilla dieffenbachii. This study assessed the environmental status of the Matāura River using biological and chemical methodologies incorporating A. dieffenbachii as a bioindicator species for exposure to multiple anthropogenic stressors. A range of biomarkers were measured in caged and wild-caught eels (when available) to characterize site-specific responses to anthropogenic stressors. While there was no clear indication of cumulative impacts moving from pristine headwaters to the lower reaches of the Matāura River, biomarkers of xenobiotic metabolization were induced in A. dieffenbachia and there was evidence of chemical contamination in sediment and tissue samples.

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Chen, Jianjun. "Chilling Injury in Tropical Foliage Plants: III. Dieffenbachia". EDIS 2016, n. 6 (8 agosto 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ep530-2016.

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A chilling temperature is any temperature that is cold enough to cause plant injury but not cold enough to freeze the plant. Chilling injury can occur to tropical foliage plants if greenhouses become too cold or if the plants are exposed to chilling temperatures outside of the greenhouse during packing and shipping. Dieffenbachia, commonly known as dumb cane, ranks among the top five most popular foliage plant genera produced and sold in the United States. This 4-page fact sheet describes the chilling temperatures of Dieffenbachia cultivars in order to assist growers to better manage greenhouse temperatures. Written by Jianjun Chen and published by the Environmental Horticulture Department, July 2016. ENH1269/EP530: Chilling Injury in Tropical Foliage Plants: III. Dieffenbachia (ufl.edu)

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Suharti, Nin, e Karolina Br. Surbakti. "PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN BLANCENG (Dieffenbachia spp) SEBAGAI PENURUNAN ANGKA MIKROORGANISME DI UDARA PADA RUANG TUNGGU TERMINAL BUS ALS AMPLAS MEDAN". Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 15, n. 2 (8 agosto 2020): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v15i2.695.

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Bioaerosol merupakan partikel debu yang terdiri dari bakteri dan jamur beserta spora lainnya yang bisa bertahan hidup dalam ruangan ketika tingkat suhu dan kelembaban yang memadai. Keberadaannya di ruangan dalam batas tertentu tidak berbahaya, namun sewaktu–waktu dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Sebagaimana Standar Baku Mutu Kep.Men Kesehatan RI No: 261 /MENKES/SK/II/1998 mengenai kualitas udara dimana angka kuman adalah kurang dari 700 cfu/m3 udara dan Kep men kes RI No.405/MENKES/SK /XI /2002 tentang Persyaratan Kesehatan Lingkungan Kerja Perkantoran dan Industri menyatakan bahwa jumlah koloni mikroorganisme yang terkandung di udara tidak boleh lebih dari 700 cfu/m3 udara. Salah satu cara menurunkan polusi udara adalah dengan meletakkan tanaman yang dapat mengurangi polutan tersebut di dalam ruangan. Tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tanaman Blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp). Pada Penelitian ini diletakkan enam pot tanaman yang terdiri dari enam sampai sepuluh helai daun tanaman, hasil yang didapat sebelum diletakkan tanaman Blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp) adalah 860 cfu/m³. Dan setelah diletakkan tanaman Blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp) adalah sebanyak 625 cfu/m. Penurunan jumlah mikroorganoisme sesudah diletakkan sebesar 38%. Kata Kunci : Terminal ALS, Tanaman Blanceng (Dieffenbachia spp), Jumlah Mikroorganisme

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AROGUNDADE, Oluwabunmi O., e Olubukola ADEDEJI. "Comparative Foliar and Petiole Anatomy of Some Members of the Genus Dieffenbachia Schott in the Family Araceae". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, n. 1 (30 marzo 2017): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9110022.

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This study provides detailed information of the anatomical attributes of the epidermis and the three regions of the petiole of four members of the genus Dieffenbachia Schott. Fresh samples of the leaves of Dieffenbachia picta Schott, Dieffenbachia oerstedii Schott, Dieffenbachia senguine (Jacq) Schott and Dieffenbachia senguine cultivar ‘Candida’ Schott were used. Epidermal peels and transverse sections were made following standard procedures. Generic characters revealed uniform epidermal cell shape on the abaxial surface, wavy to undulating and straight to wavy anticlinal wall patterns on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces respectively, brachyparacytic stomata types, round abaxial petiole outline, the presence of raphides and druses in the petioles of all the taxa. Delimiting features include irregular epidermal cell shape on the adaxial surfaces of D. senguine and D. senguine cv. ‘Candida’, additional anomocytic stomata types on the abaxial surfaces of D. picta, D. oerstedii and adaxial surface of D. senguine, cuticular striations on the abaxial surfaces of D. oerstedii and D. senguine cv. ‘Candida’, druses and raphide bundle on the epidermal surface of D. senguine only, flat adaxial petiole outline and slightly concave adaxial petiole outline in the proximal and median regions of D. senguine cv. ‘Candida’ and the presence of lamellar collenchyma cells in the petiole of D. picta. Data for both quantitative and qualitative characters were subjected to Principal Components Analysis and Single Linkage Cluster Analysis. Interestingly, anomocytic stomata complex, cuticular striations, raphide bundles and druses and the adaxial petiole outline separated D. senguine and D. senguine cv. ‘Candida’.

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25

Chen, Jianjun, Dennis B. McConnell, Svoboda V. Pennisi, Cynthia A. Robinson e Russell D. Caldwell. "494 Evaluation of Interior Performance of Six Cultivars of Aglaonema and Dieffenbachia". HortScience 35, n. 3 (giugno 2000): 479D—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.479d.

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Tissue culture plugs of Aglaonema `Cory', `Maria', and `Silver Queen' and Dieffenbachia `Panther', `Snowflake', and `Sport Lynn' were potted singly in 15-cm pots and grown in a shaded greenhouse under a photosynthetic irradiance (PI) of 100 mmol·m–2·s–1. Eight months after potting, 27 plants of each cultivar were placed in nine interior evaluation rooms under three different PI levels (three rooms per level): 4, 8, and 16 mmol·m–2·s–1. In addition, three plants of each cultivar were maintained in the original greenhouse for the duration of the experiment. Number of leaves, plant height and width were monitored monthly. Recently matured leaves were removed at 3-month intervals for 9 months for determination of fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and percentage leaf variegation. Variegated leaf area was assessed using digitized leaf images. Interior PI levels affected growth parameters, but the degree of response was cultivar-dependent. Smallest leaves developed on plants grown under 4 mmol·m–2·s–1 and largest leaves developed under 16 mmol·m–2·s–1. Leaf area of Dieffenbachia `Sport Lynn' showed the greatest response and Aglaonema `Maria' the least response to PI levels. Percentage leaf variegation of Dieffenbachia `Snowflake' was least affected and Dieffenbachia `Sport Lynn' was most affected by PI levels. Fresh leaf weight of unit area decreased as PI levels decreased from 16 to 4 mmol·m–2·s–1, however, the decrease in unit area was most pronounced in cultivars that maintained the highest quality ratings. Based on the results of this study, Aglaonema `Maria' and Dieffenbachia `Snowflake' had the most satisfactory interior performance within their respective genera.

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26

Örge, Faruk Halim, e Yavuz Örge. "Mysterious Enemy at Home; Dieffenbachia". Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi 41, n. 1 (10 febbraio 2011): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjo.41.11.

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27

Sanchez-Morillas, Leticia. "Contact dermatitis due to Dieffenbachia". Contact Dermatitis 53, n. 3 (settembre 2005): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.0407e.x.

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28

Semeniuk, Peter, H. E. Moline e J. A. Abbott. "A Comparison of the Effects of ABA and an Antitranspirant on Chilling Injury of Coleus, Cucumbers, and Dieffenbachia". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, n. 6 (novembre 1986): 866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.6.866.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Coleus blumei Benth ‘Buckley Supreme’, Cucumis sativus L. ‘Victory’, and Dieffenbachia picta Schott ‘Rudolph Roehrs’ plants were exposed to 5°C for 48 and 72 hr following pretreatment with abscisic acid (ABA) or an antitranspirant (ENVY). Foliar injury of untreated leaves occurred after 48 hr of exposure at 5°. Application of 200 mg.liter−1 ABA as a foliar spray provided protection against chilling symptoms in coleus and cucumber, but foliar application of ENVY had no protective effect. Dieffenbachia was not protected by either ABA or ENVY. Measurements of refreshed delayed light emission (RDLE) from excited chlorophyll molecules in intact leaves confirmed that ABA protected chilled cucumber chloroplasts; however, there was no difference between ABA-treated and untreated chilled dieffenbachia. Chemical names used: [S-(Z,E)]-5-(l-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid [abscisic acid (ABA)].

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29

Cao, Hui, Hui Cao, Dennis B. McConnell e Jianjun Chen*. "Types and Location of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Dieffen-bachia Cultivars". HortScience 39, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 835C—835. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.835c.

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Abstract (sommario):

The irritant effect of Dieffenbachia sap is attributed to protelytic enxymes but calcium oxalate crystals are considered to puncture cells and allow enzyme entrance. To date, no detailed study of the location, type, or frequency of calcium oxalate crystals in Dieffenbachia species or cultivars has been undertaken. To do so, three uniform tissue culture plantlets of Dieffenbachia `Carina',`Rebecca' or `Star Bright' were transpanted into 15 cm pots, grown in a shaded greenhouse under 385 μmol·m-2·s-1 and fertigated with 20 N-8.7 P-16.6 K water-soluble fertilizer at N concentrations of 200 mg·L-1 twice weekly. Ten weeks later, samples of stem, root, and leaves were taken from 4 pots of each cultivar to determine the distribution and type of calcuium oxalate crystals in each plant organ via polarized light microscopy. Two types of calcium oxlate crystals, raphides and druses, were found in the stem, leaves and roots. Druse density increased as leaves andd stems matured while the number of raphide idioblasts remained relatively constant. Crystal density was highest at lateral initation sites of buds and roots. Significant differences were found in crystal density among cultivars even though `Carina' and `Star Bright' are sports selected from `Camille'. This suggests that reduction of calcium oxalate density of Dieffenbachia cultivars is possible through breeding.

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30

Khoodoo, M. H. R., e Y. Jaufeerally-Fakim. "RAPD-PCR Fingerprinting and Southern Analysis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae Strains Isolated from Different Aroid Hosts and Locations". Plant Disease 88, n. 9 (settembre 2004): 980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.9.980.

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Abstract (sommario):

Anthurium blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, is a systemic disease of Anthurium and other aroids. The aims of this work were to study the genetic diversity among X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains and to identify, from the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) profiles, DNA probes that would be specific for the pathovar dieffenbachiae. Twenty-five X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains, isolated from different hosts and geographical locations including Mauritius, were fingerprinted using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR technique. The fingerprints were analyzed by the National Taxonomy System Software (NTSYS). The specificity of some of the RAPD fragments selected from PCR profiles was tested by Southern analyses of the PCR products. Ten arbitrary primers were chosen from an initial set of 111 decamers. Two hundred and nine RAPD markers were generated in eight individual DNA profiles. A correlation was found between the serotypes and the RAPD profiles for some groups of isolates. A possible link was also observed between the host range of the isolates tested and their RAPD profiles for strains isolated from Dieffenbachia and Philodendron. These results were confirmed by Southern analysis. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) confirmed that the pathovar is genetically diverse with some strains that were clustered together showing similar host preferences. DNA probes with a potential use in molecular diagnostics of Anthurium blight were identified. This preliminary work could be used to develop PCR primers that will enable the sensitive detection of the pathogen in latently infected plants.

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31

Pessoa et al., Gilson Antonio. "Intoxicação por Dieffenbachia seguine em bovinos". Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal 15, Suppl 2 (29 agosto 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/academica.15.s02.2017.30.

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32

Seet, B., W. K. Chan e C. L. Ang. "Crystalline keratopathy from Dieffenbachia plant sap." British Journal of Ophthalmology 79, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1995): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.79.1.98.

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33

Young, Helen J. "BEETLE POLLINATION OF DIEFFENBACHIA LONGISPATHA (ARACEAE)". American Journal of Botany 73, n. 6 (giugno 1986): 931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1986.tb12133.x.

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34

Chen, Jianjun, Richard J. Henny, David J. Norman, Pachanoor S. Devanand e Chih-Cheng T. Chao. "Analysis of Genetic Relatedness of Dieffenbachia Cultivars Using AFLP Markers". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.1.0081.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dieffenbachia Schott is an important ornamental foliage plant genus. A total of 30 species has been recognized, but most cultivars come from or are related to a single species, D. maculata (Lodd.) G. Don. At least 11 of the cultivars are sports or somaclonal variants. As a result, the potential lack of genetic diversity in cultivated Dieffenbachia has become a concern. However, no research has been conducted to determine the genetic relatedness of the cultivars. This study analyzed the genetic similarity of 42 Dieffenbachia cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Six primer sets, selected from an initial screening of 48, generated a total of 453 scorable AFLP fragments of which 323 (71%) are polymorphic. All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages, and principal coordinated analysis was carried out to show multiple dimensions of the distribution of the cultivars. The 42 cultivars were divided into three clusters; clusters I and II comprise 18 and 23 cultivars, respectively. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for cultivars in the clusters I and II varied from 0.44 to 0.95 and 0.41 to 0.87, respectively. These results indicate that broadening the genetic variability in the Dieffenbachia gene pool is needed, but the genetic similarity of many cultivars is not as close as previously thought. Additionally, Jaccard's similarity coefficients between most sports or somaclonal variants and their parents were 0.73 or lower, suggesting that accumulation of somatic mutations through tissue culture may play a role in the increased variation between some sports or variants and their parents.

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35

Norman, D. J., J. M. F. Yuen e N. C. Hodge. "New Disease on Ornamental Asparagus Caused by Xanthomonas campestris in Florida". Plant Disease 81, n. 8 (agosto 1997): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.847.

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Abstract (sommario):

From dark, water-soaked lesions on stems of asparagus tree fern (Asparagus virgatus) in commercial nurseries in Florida, 33 xanthomonad strains were isolated. Strains formed large, round, butyrus, bright yellow colonies on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate medium, and were gram negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, motile, strictly aerobic, and did not hydrolyze starch. Strains were further characterized by carbon substrate utilization patterns (Biolog), and by fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analyses. The metabolic fingerprints of most strains were similar to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, and X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae from Xanthosoma or Syngonium. Representative strains from A. virgatus were not pathogenic on Dieffenbachia. X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae strains that did not hydrolyze starch produced scattered lesions on A. virgatus stems. However, starch-hydrolyzing strains of X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae did not produce symptoms when inoculated onto A. virgatus. FAME analysis indicated the strains were X. campestris pv. vitians or X. campestris pv. translucens; however, low similarity indices ( x = 0.461) indicated that the asparagus strains were not represented in the MIDI library database. FAME analysis profiles were also compared to the University of Florida database, which contains 1,048 X. campestris strains of which 200 are X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. Similarity indices were again low with 15 strains matched to X. campestris pv. secalis (x = 0.412), seven strains to X. fragariae (x = 0.224), six strains to X. campestris pv. translucens ( x = 0.437), and five strains matched < 0.20 to other pathovars. Five representative strains were tested on six Asparagus species or cultivars: A. virgatus, A. setaceus, A. macowanii, A. densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ , A. densiflorus ‘Myers’, and A. officinalis. All five strains were pathogenic on A. virgatus but were less virulent on A. setaceus and A. densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’.

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36

Norman, David J., e Anne M. Alvarez. "Monitoring the Spread of Xanthomonas Campestris pv. Dieffenbachiae Introduced from Symptomless Anthurium Cuttings into Production Fields". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, n. 3 (maggio 1996): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.3.582.

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Abstract (sommario):

In field crops the origin and movement of bacterial inoculum is difficult to determine due to inadequate means of distinguishing strains of bacteria. In this study the introduction, establishment, and spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae (McCulloch and Pirone) Dye into anthurium fields were examined by monitoring the distribution of serologically distinct strains recovered from propagation benches and production fields. One thousand Anthurium andraeanum Lind. plants were indexed for X. c. pv. dieffenbachiae and 962 were later introduced into a production field. Strains recovered from the propagative stock were serotyped using a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies and serotypes were compared to serotypes of strains already prevalent in the production field. Four distinct serotypes were identified which were not characteristic of strains already prevalent in the production field. Two biotypes of X. c. pv. dieffenbachia were also identified, based on their ability to hydrolyze starch. Sensitivity to 500 ppm streptomycin sulfate also was used to characterize strains associated with introduced propagative stock. Of 248 strains isolated from field plants, 39% were streptomycin resistant, whereas none of the strains isolated from introduced cuttings at the initial indexing were resistant. Over a 3-year period, strains with serotypes associated with the propagation material became established in the field, but spread to other cultivars was limited. This paper demonstrates the utility of serological methods for epidemiological studies.

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37

Wang, Yin-Tung. "Medium and Hydrogel Affect Production and Wilting of Tropical Ornamental Plants". HortScience 24, n. 6 (dicembre 1989): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.6.941.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Viterra hydrogel at rates of 0, 1.75, or 2.50 kg·m−3 was tested for the production of three tropical ornamental plant species in two or all of the three media. These were a commercial peat-lite medium (SUN), a medium consisting of equal volumes of peatmoss, bark, and sand (PBS), and a mix containing equal volumes of peatmoss and bark (PB). Codiaeum was grown in SUN and PBS, Dieffenbachia was produced in all three media, and Hibiscus was planted in SUN and PB. Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume ‘Norma’ and Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’ grew more and required a longer time to reach initial wilting when grown in SUN than PBS. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. ‘Brilliant Red’ had similar growth in SUN and PB. In general, hydrogel had no beneficial effect on plant growth in a greenhouse. Hydrogel extended the time required to reach initial wilting of C. variegatum by 3 days (from 24 to 27 days), but had no effect on Dieffenbachia. Leachate from PBS had higher pH and lower electrical conductance (EC) than that from SUN. Hydrogel had no effect on leachate pH, but decreased EC of the leachate for C. variegatum used at the 2.5 kg·m−3 rate and for H. rosa-sinensis at both rates.

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38

Cetinkaya-Yildiz, R., M. Mirik, Y. Aysan, M. Kusek e F. Sahin. "An Outbreak of Bacterial Stem Rot of Dieffenbachia amoena Caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey". Plant Disease 88, n. 3 (marzo 2004): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.3.310c.

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Abstract (sommario):

Severe outbreaks of bacterial stem rot disease occurred on dieffenbachia plants (Dieffenbachia amoena cv. Tropic Snow) during the autumn and spring seasons of 2002 and 2003 in two commercial glasshouses (3.5 ha) near Adana and Mersin in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Characteristic symptoms of the disease were wilting of the lower leaves, darkening and water soaking of the leaves and stem at or below the soil level, and browning in the vessel and pith of the diseased plants. Eventually, the stem and leaves completely rotted, and the plants collapsed. Nearly 30 and 40% (2002 and 2003, respectively) of the 20,000 potted plants in the glasshouses were destroyed because of the disease. Cuttings often developed a typical soft rot during propagation. Disease incidence was estimated at approximately 50% on propagating material during 2003. Isolations were made from rotted stems, leaves, and discolored vessels of the dieffenbachia plants on King's medium B. Bacteria consistently isolated from the diseased tissues formed white-to-cream colonies on the medium. Bacteria from purified colonies were gram, oxidase, and arginine dyhidrolase negative, catalase positive, and facultative anaerobic. Ten representative strains all fermented glucose and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The strains caused soft rot of potato slices within 24 h at 25°C. All strains were resistant to erythromycin in an antibiotic disk (15 μg) assay. Negative results were obtained from utilization of α-methyl glycoside, reducing substance from sucrose, and indole production from tryptophane and phosphathase activity. Positive results were obtained from pectate, aesculin, and gelatine liquefaction for all strains. Acid was produced from glucose, sucrose, mannitol, mannose, lactose, raffinose, melibiose, trehalose, and L(+)-arabinose but not Darabinose, sorbitol, inulin, and maltose. Pathogenicity was confirmed by needle-stab inoculation at the stem on three plants each of dieffenbachia and tomato plants (5-week-old cv. H-2274). Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. All plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 48 h at 25°C. Within 72 h after inoculation, water-soaking and soft-rot symptoms were observed on dieffenbachia and tomato plants. All of the bacterial strains isolated in the present study were identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones) based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis with similarity indices ranging from 80 to 94%. Furthermore, Biolog GN (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey) profiles identified them as the same pathovar with similarity values of 67 to 72%. All of the test results were similar to those of reference strain GSPB 435 (Gottinger Sammlung phytopathogener Bakterien, Georg-August University, Gottingen, Germany) of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora used in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence and outbreak of a bacterial rot disease on dieffenbachia grown in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Contaminated cuttings may be the primary source of inoculum within and between glasshouses.

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39

McMahon, Margaret J., A. J. Pertuit e James E. Arnold. "Effects of Chilling on Episcia and Dieffenbachia". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, n. 1 (gennaio 1994): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.1.80.

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Abstract (sommario):

Leaves of chilled `Moss-Agate' Episcia (Mart.) plants exhibited direct chilling injury (i.e., watersoaked browning of leaf blade interveinal areas within 24 h of exposure to low temperature) immediately following exposure in darkness to 10C for 0.5 or 1.0 h. Chlorophyll fluorescence peak: initial ratios and terminal: peak ratios of chilled Episcia were -reduced 20% and 25%, respectively, 3 h after chilling, a result suggesting possible photosystem II damage. Total leaf chlorophyll content was reduced by 17% within 3 h of chilling and CO2uptake also was reduced at this time. Leaves of chilled `Rudolph Roehrs' Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) (D. Roehrsii Hort.) plants expressed no visible injury within 24 h of 1.2C chilling in darkness for 36,48, or 60 h, but CO2uptake was reduced by 70% compared to the control 3 h after chilling. Visible injury began to appear 27 h after chilling, and the older leaf blades of all chilled plants exhibited a watersoaked appearance 75 h after chilling. Chlorophyll fluorescence peak: initial ratios of chilled Dieffenbachia did not vary, and terminal: peak ratios were not reduced until 147 h after chilling, when the injured tissue was extremely flaccid and translucent. Chilling reduced the chlorophyll content of Dieffenbachia by 10% in some plants 27 h after chilling and by 35%. in all plants 75 h after chilling. Transpiration rate was reduced and stomata] diffusive resistance increased 27 h after chilling.

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40

Conover, Charles A., e Richard T. Poole. "Nitrogen Source Effects on Growth and Tissue Content of Selected Foliage Plants". HortScience 21, n. 4 (agosto 1986): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.4.1008.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Nine nitrogen fertilizer treatments composed of 25% NH4:75% NO3, 50% NH4:50% NO3, 75% NH4:25% NO3, 25% urea:75% NO3, 50% urea:50% NO3, 75% urea:25% NO3, 100% NH4, 100% urea, and 100% NO3 were applied to Aglaonema Schott, × Silver Queen, Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Camille’, Aphelandra squarrosa Nees ‘Dania’, Chamaedorea elegans Mart., Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott. ‘Florida Ruffle’, Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr., and Philodendron scandens oxycardium (Schott) Bunt. Growth and grade of Dieffenbachia and Nephrolepis were not influenced by N source, whereas Aglaonema and Philodendron were improved when they received N sources containing 25% to 100% NH4-N or 100% urea-N. Aphelandra, Chamaedorea, and Peperomia responded to N source, but differences were of no commercial significance.

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41

Neves, Léa de Jesus, Cristina Maria Teixeira Soares Carneiro e Nuno Álvares Pereira. "Estudo do mecanismo tóxico em Dieffenbachia picta". Acta Amazonica 18, suppl 1-2 (1988): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921988185174.

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Abstract (sommario):

São apresentados os resultados das experiências com edema bucal provocados pelas ráfides de Dieffenbachia picta lavados somente com água ou com éter. As ráfides lavadas com água e resuspensas em água não provocam mais edema. As ráfides lavadas com água apresentam coloração vermelha pelo SUDAM III enquanto as lavadas com éter não se colorem mais.

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42

Corazza, Monica, Isabella Romania, Ferruccio Polib e Annarosa Virgili. "Irritant contact dermatitis due to Dieffenbachia s.p.p." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 10, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1998.tb00937.x.

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43

Mrvos, Rita, Bonnie S. Dean e Edward P. Krenzelok. "Philodendron/Dieffenbachia Ingestions: Are They a Problem?" Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 29, n. 4 (gennaio 1991): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563659109025745.

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44

Cockson, P., D. Cockson, I. McCall e B. E. Whipker. "Characterization of nutrient disorders of Dieffenbachia maculata". Acta Horticulturae, n. 1273 (marzo 2020): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1273.32.

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45

Conover, C. A., e R. T. Poole. "Growth of Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Perfection’ as Affected by Air and Soil Temperatures and Fertilization". HortScience 22, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.893.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Dieffenbachia [Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd) G. Don ‘Perfection’] were grown at 13° or 18.5°C minimum air temperature (AT) with constant soil temperature (ST) of 13.0°, 18.5°, 24.0°, or 29.5° and fertilized (FR) with 1.4, 2.8, or 4.2 g N/m2 per week from a 3N-1P-2K ratio stock solution. Data from experiments conducted during Winter 1981-82 and 1982-83 showed that air and soil temperatures had greater effects on plant growth than fertilizer rate. Interactions of AT and ST were highly significant for plant height, grade, number of basal breaks, and fresh top and root weights with plants produced at 18.5° AT better than 13° plants at low ST, but not at 29.5° ST. Quadratic responses of plants grown at 18.5° AT to increasing ST were similar to data obtained for tissue Ca and Mg, with lowest tissue levels occurring at the extremes of ST.

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46

Mendonça, Ana Flávia, Maria Carolina Mantavanelli Batisteti, Giovana Rodrigues Zavanelli, Iara Souza Santana, Lorena Marin Costa Mansur, Maryanna Carolina Nemet Rodella e Rodrigo Prevedello Franco. "Intoxicação por Dieffenbachia picta schott em cão: Relato de caso". Pubvet 16, n. 10 (ottobre 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v16n10a1246.1-7.

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Abstract (sommario):

A intoxicação por plantas ornamentais é uma situação comumente encontrada na rotina dos atendimentos na clínica médica de pequenos animais, mas com dificil diagnóstico. A intoxicação por Dieffenbachia ssp (comigo-ninguém-pode) um planta fácilmente encontrada em residências domiciliares, possui o princípio tóxico a base de oxalato de cálcio levando ao quadro clínicos gastrointestinais e até neurológicos. Assim, o presente artigo possui como o objetivo relatar a ocorrência do quadro clínico de intoxicação por Dieffenbachia ssp em cão. Para isso, um canino, fêmea, Lhasa Apso, nove meses de idade, pesando 5,8 kg, chegou na urgência clínica apresentando vômito, sialorreia intensa, nistagmo e mudança de comportamento voltado para agressividade, posteriormente a ingestão da planta comigo-ninguém-pode, conforme informações do seu responsável. O paciente se apresentava com parâmetros clínicos alterados em virtude do quadro clínico da intoxicação o qual era possível observar taquipneia, taquicardia, aumento do tempo de preenchimento capilar, algia intensa abdominal, entre outros. Em função do quadro de urgência clínica e agressividade da paciente, realizou-se a sedação a base de acepromazina e metadona por via intramuscular, com posterior acesso venoso e inicio da terapia de controle do quadro clínico a base de fluidoterapia, antibioticoterapia, antieméticos e diuréticos. O monitoramento dos parâmetros clínicos e terapêutica instalada foi realizado durante as próximas 48 horas com a evolução satisfatória do paciente e posterior liberação clínica, ausente de sinais clínicos neurológicos e controle do quadro gastrointestinal. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o quadro clínico se tratava de uma intoxicação oral por planta ornamental Dieffenbachia ssp conhecida como comigoninguém-pode.

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Brenes Prendas, Steven, Renán Agüero-Alvarado e Lili Marijke Hofmann. "Control de sainillo (Dieffenbachia oerstedii Schott) en banano". Agronomía Mesoamericana 19, n. 2 (11 luglio 2007): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v19i2.5001.

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Jiménez, S., B. M. Plaza, J. I. Contreras, M. L. Segura e M. T. Lao. "WATER CONSUMPTION MODELLING IN DIEFFENBACHIA AMOENA 'TROPIC SNOW'". Acta Horticulturae, n. 813 (marzo 2009): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.813.96.

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Henny, R. J. "Inheritance of foliar variegation in Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Camille’". Journal of Heredity 77, n. 4 (luglio 1986): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110242.

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Evans, C. R. "Oral ulceration after contact with the houseplant Dieffenbachia". British Dental Journal 162, n. 12 (giugno 1987): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4806170.

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