Tesi sul tema "Diabète induit par les glucocorticoïdes"
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Tijani, Omolara Khadijat. "Glucocorticoids and Intracrine Cortisol Metabolism in human Islets : Impact on Glucose Stimulated Insulin secretion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS061.
Testo completoExcessive glucocorticoid (GC) exposure, as seen in patients receiving GC therapy, can lead to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes in up to 40% of the cases. In obesity, increased local cortisol exposure due to altered metabolism contributes to diabetes onset. High doses of GCs like dexamethasone (DEX) are known to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but the effects of lower doses and other GCs, such as hydrocortisone (HC) and prednisone (PRED), remain underexplored. The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1) is a crucial enzyme for GC degradation, modulating their bioavailability. Inhibition or knockout of SRD5A1 is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased diabetes risk. This first part of my thesis investigates the impact of “low therapeutic” doses of PRED (equivalent to 5 to 10 mg administrated orally) and other GCs on glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We showed that PRED significantly decreases GSIS, with DEX having a worse effect compared to PRED and HC. BMI, age, or sex do not significantly influence the direct impact of PRED on insulin secretion. The second part of the work aimed to characterize GC metabolism in human islets. SRD5A1 is the only A-ring reductase expressed in islets, and its expression, along with HSD11B1, is localized within the β-cells of human islets. We demonstrated evidence of intracrine metabolism of cortisol in intact primary human islets cultured under dynamic experimental settings. Expression data reveals significantly diminished expression of both HSD11B1 and SRD5A1 in T2D donors compared to normoglycemic donors. The last part aimed to provide proof of concept that decreased cortisol bioavailability via the overexpression of SRD5A1 in human islets mitigates the inhibitory effect of GCs on GSIS. SR5DA1 overexpression attenuated the impact of HC on the first phase of insulin secretion, but not the PRED impact. To conclude, even at low doses, GCs impair GSIS. The decrease in SRD5A1 expression in islets may contribute to the development of diabetes in metabolic context. SRD5A1 overexpression protects against the deleterious impact of cortisol on GSIS, providing additional evidence to support the enzyme's role in local cortisol overexposure and the development of diabetes. However, increasing SRD5A1 activity may not be an effective approach to protect against metabolic complications induced by GC therapy. Other aspects of β-cell function, especially cell viability, need to be studied. Moreover, the potential benefits of SRD5A1 in modulating insulin resistance and fatty liver disease should be investigated. These further studies will provide more insight into the potential of SRD5A1 as a therapeutic target
Cogan, Elie. "Mécanismes cellulaires rénaux du diabète insipide induit par le lithium". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213391.
Testo completoWiniszewski, Anne-Marie. "Diabète insipide néphrogénique induit par le lithium : à propos de deux observations". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M021.
Testo completoDo, Thi Thu Huong. "Perturbations du métabolisme glucidique et azoté dans des modèles d'obésité induite par le régime hyperlipidique ou par les glucocorticoïdes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066065.
Testo completoObesity becomes a worldwide epidemic due to over-nutrition, but also to drug treatments, particularly glucocorticoids (GCs). The aim of this work was to identify the mechanisms involved in obesity induced by high-fat diet or by GCs. High-fat diet-induced obesity model was used to characterize intestinal disturbances: an elevated amino acids absorption capacity, a delayed transit time and an increased intestinal permeability and an altered gut microbiota, which can further modulate nitrogen and energy balance. Meanwhile, GC-induced obesity model revealed differential effects of GCs on fat depots. Adipogenesis and an early increased macrophage infiltration were restricted to visceral adipose tissue with a differential macrophage polarization between visceral and subcutaneous fat pads. Visceral macrophage infiltration was responsible for GC-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, GC exposure resulted in opposite phenotypes of glucose metabolism in two distinct genetic murine backgrounds that could be explained by a strain-dependent pancreatic adaptation. Taken together, our work highlights adaptive mechanisms of peripheral organs during obesity
Riveline, Jean-Pierre. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la programmation fœtale de la masse et de la fonction des cellules β pancréatiques par les glucocorticoïdes : implication de PGC-1α et de la sérotonine". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066241.
Testo completoThe etiology of type 2 diabetes is complex. This disease may be programmed during fetal life through an impairment of β cells. We previously identified glucocorticoids (GCs) as actors of this fetal programming since we showed that these hormones inhibit β-cell development. Our work has focused on two aspects of GCs signaling: 1) the role of a GCs receptor (GR) transcriptional co-regulator, PGC-1α and 2) the consequences of the GR invalidation in pancreatic precursor cells. We first showed that the GR co-regulator, PGC-1α was stimulated by GCs in the β cells, that its overexpression represses crucia genes for β-cell development and function, including Pdx1, a transcription factor of insulin through binding of a GR/PGC-1α complex to the Pdx1 promoter. Mice overexpressing PGC-1α in β cells exhibited at adult age impaired glucose tolerance associated with reduced insulin secretion and decreased β-cell mass. PGC-1α expression in fetal life only was sufficient to impair adult β-cell function. Then, we explored mice with conditional invalidation of GR in pancreatic precursors (GRPdxCre) that present a phenotype characterized by a doubled β-cell mass and β-cell dysfunction. Transcriptome analysis of the islets of these mice showed overexpression of genes encoding TPH1 and 2 (tryptophan hydroxylase), enzymes involved in serotonin synthesis, whose content was increased in the islets of mice GRPdxCre. In contrast, activation of the GCs pathway in β cells in vitro decreased TPH1 and 2 expression and serotonin synthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PGC-1α and serotonin contribute to the deleterious effects of GCs on the β cells, especially during fetal programming
Ebou, Moina. "Régulation du système sérotonine dans la cellule bêta pancréatique par les glucocorticoïdes : implication dans la physiopathologie du diabète". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066637.
Testo completoType 2 diabetes is now a real global public health problem. It results from a defect of mass and / or function of pancreatic beta cells. The identification and understanding of the mechanisms underlying these defects would help develop strategies to restore the functional beta cell mass. Glucocorticoid hormones (GC), hormones of stress and metabolic adaptation, can inhibit insulin secretion but their mode of action is not yet fully understood. Recently, the neurotransmitter serotonin present in the beta cells has been described as involved in the increase in beta-cell mass during gestation and a modulation of the insulin secretion in mice. In this context, we wanted to determine whether GC could modulate the serotonin system of beta cells. We focused on the enzymes required for serotonin synthesis Tph1 and 2. We could show that the expression of Tph1 and Tph2 1 and Tph2 enzyme was inhibited by GC causing a decrease in serotonin synthesis. We then confirmed the expression of Tph1 and 2 was stimulated by prolactin but also showed for the first time that these enzymes were stimulated by exenatide-4, a GLP-1. In these two stimulating situations, we found that GC exerts a counter-regulatory effect. Finally, we studied the role of serotonin on beta cell function. We were able to show that serotonin can inhibit the secretion of insulin by altering the calcium flux in the pancreatic beta cell. In conclusion, our results show that, within the beta cell, the serotonin system is one of GC target, suggesting that serotonin reduction can be a relay of the effects of GC on beta cells
Lavazais, Emmanuelle. "Utilisation des cellules souches médullaires dans une thérapie cellulaire du diabète : Absence de transdifférenciation en cellules productrices d'insuline dans un modèle murin de diabète induit par la streptozotocine". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2026.
Testo completoDouillet, Christelle. "Supplémentations en vitamine E et sélénium chez le rat diabétique induit par la streptozotocine : effets sur la biochimie des lipides tissulaires de la fonction plaquettaire et les lésions rénales". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T209.
Testo completoRoussel, Morgane. "Modulation du trafficking et de la signalisation du récepteur GLP-1 dans la cellule β pancréatique par un traitement chronique aux glucocorticoïdes". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT041/document.
Testo completoPancreatic beta cells synthesize and secrete insulin, the only hypoglycemic hormone in the body. These cells play a central role in the onset of diabetes. To protect the functional beta-cell mass is essential. The GLP-1 receptor, which belongs to the class B of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, is a major therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. Through its receptor, GLP-1 potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion and improves the survival of pancreatic beta cells. Glucocorticoids are stress hormones implied in energetic metabolism and are widely used in therapeutics for their anti-inflammatory, immunosupressive and anti-allergic properties. Neverless, on chronic administration, glucocorticoids can induce metabolic syndrome especially due beta cell functional mass impairement. Here, we characterized the impact of a prolonged exposure of pancreatic beta cells to a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) on biological actions of glucose and GLP-1.We show that a chronic exposure of beta cells to dexamethasone exerted deleterious effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion and ERK1/2 (Extracelllular Regulated Kinases 1/2) activation. In contrast, we observed that the glucocorticoid treatment increased GLP-1 receptor expression at the plasma membrane and improved the Galpha s protein coupling leading to an enhancement of cAMP production (2 fold increase). Despite the negative impact on glucose effects, glucocorticoids did not impair neither GLP-1-induced insulin secretion nor ERK1/2 activation. This study reveals that a glucocorticoid chronic exposure 1) regulates GLP-1 receptor trafficking and increases its expression to the plasma membrane, 2) causes supersensitization of Gαs-associated signaling, and 3) could impact on therapeutic effects of GLP-1 receptor-based drugs
Cattan, Valérie. "Etude de la longueur des télomères, des effets artériels du sel et de l'aldostérone dans le vieillissement accéléré induit par le stress oxydant, le diabète et l'hypertension". Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN11314.
Testo completoAlouane, Hamiroufou Loubna. "Préconditionnement myocardique et diabéte : effets aigus des AGEs sur le préconditionnement induit par la stimulation des récepteurs β1-adrénergiques et purinergiques. Rôle de la vitamine B6 (Pyridoxal-5- phosphate et pyridoxamine)". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMM202/document.
Testo completoDiabetes predisposes to complications affecting various organs such as cardiovascular system.Ischemic heart disease in diabetic patients might be linked to the accumulation ofadvanced-glycation end products (AGEs). In ischemic rat hearts, expression of receptor forAGEs and its ligands is significantly enhanced and involved in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury even in the absence of diabetes. It has recently been reported that diabetic humanmyocardium cannot be protected by preconditioning. In this context, our hypothesis was thatβ1-adrenergic preconditioning might be altered in the presence of AGEs. Using an isolatednon-working rat heart model, this study investigated the effect of AGEs on cardioprotectioninduced by transient β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AR) stimulation with xamoterol (xa). The beneficialeffects induced by xa during reperfusion were suppressed by the administration of glycatedalbumin (Gly-Alb) during xa infusion, whereas albumin (Alb) did not hamper xa inducedprotection. These results suggest that AGEs suppress the cardioprotection resulting from theactivation of β1-ARs and thus might contribute to cardiovascular damages seen in diabeticpatients.Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a natural metabolite of pyridoxine which is an antagonist ofpurinergic receptors prevents cellular calcium overload and may reduce ischemia-reperfusioninjury. Low plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels have been observed in patients sufferingfrom myocardial infarction, when compared with a healthy control group. More recently, lowPLP level has been reported to confer an independent risk for coronary artery disease. Thefact that this correlation of PLP reduction in infarct patients has functional importance issupported by the preventive effects of vitamin B6 on coronary heart disease and diabetes. PLPprevented progression of nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats by inhibiting formation ofAGEs. Using an isolated non-working rat heart model, this study investigated the mechanismsof pharmacological pre-conditioning (PC) induced by P2Y receptor stimulation withpyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP). The suppression of the cardioprotective effects of PLP byMRS2578 and U73122 is in agreement with the P2Y6 receptor as a receptor for PLP-inducedPC.The suppression of the cardioprotective effects of PLP by AMPαS, the PKA inhibitor (H89),and (U73122) is in agreement with the P2Y11 receptor as a receptor for PLP-induced PC.Pre-ischemic exposure to nanomolar concentrations of PLP is protective against I/R. P2Y11and P2Y6 represent the most likely candidate receptors for PLP-induced cardiac PC
Gonzales, Cristina. "Etude des déterminants génétiques de la vulnérabilité des cellules β pancréatiques de la souris non obese diabetic (NOD) : étude du rôle de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase-1 (PARP-1) dans le diabète et génétique moléculaire du diabète induit par la streptozotocine". Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N063.
Testo completoThe Non Obese Diacitic (NOD) mouse develops a spontaneous auto-immune diabetes similar to human type 1 diabetes. Whereas a lot of studies analysed the dysregulation of the immune system of the NOD mouse, our purpose was to identify the genetic factors involved in the intrinsic vulnerability of the pancreactic beta cells to the immune destructive process, by using two complementary strategies. First, we studied the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an ADN repair enzyme whose activation is paradoxically deleterious for pancreatic beta cells, in NOD diabetes. Secondly, we attempted to localise the genetic loci involved in the extreme sensitivity of the NOD strain to streptozotocin-induced toxic diabetes
Philouze, Clothilde. "Dépistage des altérations précoces de la fonction régionale myocardique par échocardiographie de stress et effet d’une intervention par supplémentation en vitamine D3 dans le diabète de type 2 : approche translationnelle". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0346/document.
Testo completoDiabetes has reached the 7th place in the world’s top ten mortality causes. In this population, morbi-mortality mainly originates from diabetic cardiomyopathy. This complication evolving from the onset of diabetes, early diagnosis and care are of paramount importance and are the two purposes of this work. In our first study, we demonstrated the relevance of a comprehensive 2D speckle-tracking imaging analysis, under dobutamine stress, in unmasking early left ventricular regional myocardial dysfunction in a population of asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients. In the second part of this work, we performed two studies. In the first one, we brought to light an improvement of regional myocardial function response to dobutamine stress after a three-month vitamin D3 supplementation protocol, in deficient patients. The second study was performed in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. In this last work, we put forward the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function. These cardioprotective effects may be, at least in part, on account of modulatory effects of vitamin D3 on myocardial lipotoxic species levels. This whole work allow us to propose a tool enabling recognition of early cardiac function impairments in type 2 diabetic patients and to demonstrate the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in this context
Duch, Abelardo. "Etude du métabolisme intermédiaire chez le rat : influence de l'entraînement à l'exercice musculaire, de l'exposition intermittente au froid et au froid couplé à l'hypoxie et du diabète induit par la streptozotocine associé à un traitement à la metformine". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10084.
Testo completoPeroni, Odile. "Mesure de la néoglucogénèse chez le rat à l'aide de [2-13C] glycérol et de l'analyse de la distribution des isotopomères de masse du glucose : étude in vitro (foies isolés perfusés) chez l'animal sain et in vivo chez l'animal sain ou présentant un diabète insulinopénique induit par la streptozotocine". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T321.
Testo completoNguyen, Thuy Anne. "Apport du gène Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) au diabète induit par les statines". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20508.
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