Tesi sul tema "Développement territorial rural"
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Akerkar, Akli. "L'experience algérienne de développement rural, des villages socialistes aux projets de proximité de développement rural intégré ˸ Cas de la wilaya de Bejaia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0067.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to test the relevance of the theoretical, methodological and political bases of the territorial approach of rural development in the marginalized zones of Algeria. The challenge is to highlight and to seize, in the light of the principles of territorial development, the practices, the representations and the stumbling blocks of the design and the implementation of the Durable National strategy of rural development and its local translation in the rural areas in difficulty of the wilaya of Bejaia, region of our case study. The Object of this new policy in Algeria is approached under the angle of analysis of the public policies and the political sociology of the public action. This approach multilevel, multi-actors and multidimensional, leads us to favor some fundamental concepts of the discipline of the territorial economy: coordination and synergy between actors, social configuration of the actors, multi sector integration, local governance, local system of action, process of collective learning. On the methodological level, this research is based on a qualitative approach by privileging semi-structured interviews undertaken with 164 main actors of the Durable National strategy of rural development of the wilaya of Bejaia (SWDRD). it is composed of three parts adding up eight chapters.The empirical study of the implantation of the projects of proximity of rural development integrated (PPRDI) on the rural areas of the Wilaya of Bejaia rests on three entries of analysis.In the first time, the study of the organization and the conditions of implementation of the SWDRD shows that the tools and instruments on which this new approach known as” territorial of the development'' should be based rest incomplete, are exceeded, slightly adapted by the local actors and even non-existent. On the institutional level, one notes that the choices of the SWDRD are deeply influenced by the dependence with path created by traditional institution directed towards the modernization of agriculture to the detriment of a total rural development, historically marginalized and regarded as a residual sector. In the second time, the evaluation of the actions of the 56 PPRDI validated by the technical committee of the Wilaya between the year 2003 and December 2010 constitutes our second entry of analysis. The path dependancy has been translated by the division into sectors and more precisely in the agricolisation of rural development. Thus the diversification of the economic activities likely to engage an entrepreneurial dynamic in the rural areas where is ignored. If the objectives of the SWDRD are considered to be relevant with the difficult socio- economic situation of the rural areas, they are too ambitious and little adapted to the needs expressed by the local actors, they miss complementariy, they are not accompanied by suitable means and they are sometimes in contradiction with the objectives of the other concomitant interventions of which been the subject these zones. These failures of implementation explain the very mitigated impacts of the SWDRD. Lastly, the institutional analysis of the methods of the local translation of the SWDRD reveals the main difficulties with which the territorialisation of the public action is confronted, and consequently, the emergence of the projects of territories in Algerian rural environment. The implementation of the SWDRD is still characterized by an state voluntarism very powerful and raises of local governance directed and framed by the only public power. Furthermore, the choice of the approach of development of the village soils as mode of territorialisation of the SWDRD causes the problems of the territorial relevance and thus of the integration of the dynamics of the projects to that of the territory
Disez, Nathalie. "Agritourisme et développement territorial : exemples dans le Massif Central". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20098.
Testo completoAgritourism, meaning leisure and tourism activities proposed by farmers in relation with the farm, is an innovating activity. This hypothesis goes to another one: agritourism takes part in rural development. The analysis of agritourism contribution for rural development in six regions of the massif central must bring some reservations. Agritouristic farmers are not a lot and moreover, the part of innovation is different according to strategies (properties, completing income and enterprise). These differences make territorial organization difficult. The strategy for properties is the most common but also the less innovating; the entrepreneurial logic does not necessarily lead to a collective level. These conclusions are relative. On the one hand, it may be early to analyse agritourism contribution because this activity evolutes to more complex activities with bigger farmer's commitment in tourism. The learning will be long because it requires a break from years of specialization, in disarray and carefulness conditions. On the other hand, is not the small territorial dimension in relation with the characteristics of studied spaces? we do not think so, but it would be interesting to work on other spaces. Finally, let us remind that our conclusions are about french experiments and there may be countries where agritourism contribution is higher
Pham, Thi Minh Uyen. "Le développement des zones rurales face à l'expropriation des terres : une approche par l'intelligence territoriale. Étude du cas vietnamien". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0016.
Testo completoUrban bias and rural industrialization are considered as two essential trends of rural development. In these processes, rural areas face with many problems such as the rural livelihood, the problems of economy and society. It creates which the controversy of how to develop rural areas and what is really suitable trend for rural development. This thesis contributes to the analysis of rural development against the land expropriation with the case study in Viet Nam. It analyses two main areas: (i) How does the land expropriation influence the rural development; (ii) what are the roles of major factors and actors that have influence on the development of rural areas. The study is based on six months of fieldwork during which both quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used. The research design combined the analysis of policy reform and policy performance, the scenarios of interaction between main actors/elements in the territory to highlight their influences on the rural development in the land expropriation process in two districts, the North of Viet Nam. The outstanding methods are Micmac method and Mactor method that are applied for the first time in research about rural development in Viet Nam.Fieldwork findings provide new and detailed evidences to support the view that the land expropriation for urban bias (urbanization) failed to spur rural economy and improve rural livelihood, contrary to what is argued in most of the literature and the planner’s view. They indicate that the land expropriation for urbanization may change quickly “the face” of rural areas such as modern infrastructure, high GDP, however the rural livelihood does not ensure in both capabilities, assets and activities required for means of living in the short term and long term. We found that the poor farmers were beggared gradually and they had lack of the assistants to cope and recover from the big shock in the land expropriation process. Thus, they led the increase of social conflicts. The survey showed that the main reason of social conflict in two villages are the limitation of policy, the unbalanced power between actors in the territory (use Mactor method) and the lack of efficient communication forum to exchange the actors’ needs. From above failures, it is vital to establish the efficient communication channels or program for actors in the development process and reform the policy by increasing the right of rural people who have the least power in the system. This study also proves that now the key asset to support rural livelihood is education instead of rice land as in the past. Finally, through the Micmac method, the thesis identifies the factor system and classifies the strongest power macro variables which influence the rural development into three groups: the variables of policy, the group of variables belonging to expression of urbanization and industrialization process, the group of variables with revolution characteristics. They are fundamental to suggest building the sustainable development strategy for rural areas
De, Sousa Moreira Ivaldo. "Gouvernance territoriale du développement rural au Brésil : le cas d'un front pionnier "Portal da Amazônia"". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20008/document.
Testo completoThe thesis fits into a general analysis of the dynamics of public territorial action of rural development in an area of Amazonian pioneer front: the territory "Portal da Amazônia", North of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The comparative study involves two ongoing experiences: the initiative of the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA) through the National Program for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories and the Inter-municipal Consortium of Economic and Socio-Environmental Development implemented by the State of Mato Grosso’s government (MT Regional Programme). How these two territorial public action mechanisms contribute to build a dynamic sustainable rural development for agriculture in this area? In particular, we will see how new forms of local governance are carried out in the context of territorial public policies for rural development. Through an approach that combines the contributions of social geography and sociology of development, we focus particularly on the local governance procedures and the territorialisation processes performed by these two mechanisms. To achieve our goal, we observed during the fieldwork the areas of consultation and negotiation where the projects for each one of these programs are conceived
Semblat-Frere, Marie-Lise. "L'émergence d'un "féminisme territorial" en milieu rural : les pratiques de nouveaux groupes de femmes en Europe et au Canada francophone". Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081264.
Testo completoDevelopment is going through a crisis affecting its practices and models. This crisis cannot be dissociated from modernity. In this context, heavy contradictions are at work. In terms of space, the opposition lies between going back to territories and a phenomenon of globalisation. Exodus from and reinvesting in territory. Deterritorialisations and reterritorialisations (ofter violent and defensive) are aspects of a same reality. New groups of women, recently created, have been constituted in european rural areas (greece, ireland and france), and french speaking canada (quebec, new-brunswick). Women, doubly threatened by territorial strategies are, paradoxically, through their collective experiences, at the head of the changes. Their practices express the emergence of a "territorial feminism". These practices that generate a social charge will be called " primordial ". In spite of the diversity of contexts, they present fundamental constants : a pedagogy of the action, the expression of a double identity (identity of women and of territories), a vision of the world differing from the vision of modernity, in terms of space, time and relationships. These practices intertwine with the local development practices. Trough these groups women are set in motion, they go from the space of a closed house to a public space. The aim of these groups is to conquer, produce, and establish other relationships with time, space and other people. They attest to the organisation of rural women in social groups expressing conscience and strategy. They conciliate antinomies and are located right in the following articulation : the family tradition and innovating modernity, the local and the international. They remoded and contextualise feminism. The " territorial feminism ", is rich in these primordial practices, it shows the complex + dialogic ; relation between territories and women organised in groups. It expresses the crossing of the social, the spatial and the gender
Lenormand, Pauline. "L'ingénierie territoriale à l’épreuve des observatoires territoriaux : analyse des compétences des professionnels du développement dans le massif pyrénéen". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20126/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is concerned with transformations and the different means for implementing territorial engineering. Its aim is to analyse territorial engineering through the emergence of a new instrument, the territorial observatory. It advances the hypothesis that the skills of territorial development professionals play a key role in the effectiveness of this engineering, whereas the way it is structured highly influences the evolution of these skills. We focus on the design and uses of observatories in the Pyrenees Mountains through interviews with the actors who participate in these projects, as well as from the viewpoint of a participating observer within a territorial expertise structure. Observatory projects illustrate the challenge involved in the construction of collective skills for territorial engineering, essential for integrating expertise into the territorial framework. This challenge exists at different levels : between representatives of the same structure and between representatives of different structures. These levels give rise to mediators who encourage the emergence and the consolidation of collective skills. These processes lead to transformations in the individual skills of professionals as well as a crossover between them, thus resulting in the emergence of hybrid professional profiles. In relationship to the overall skills mobilised in territorial development projects, those necessary for territorial observatory projects can be distinguished by a greater need for strategy, while requiring specialised technical skills. The geographic approach to skills as a resource for territorial construction is a major contribution of this thesis
Gisclard, Marie. "Le développement rural en Argentine : transformations de l'action publique et recompositions territoriales". Phd thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00574455.
Testo completoLos espacios rurales argentinos enfrentan transformaciones profundas vinculadas a la consolidación del modelo de agricultura empresarial y exportadora. En las regiones extra-pampeanas, sus consecuencias son objeto de controversia, y suelen describirse en términos de deterritorialización y “fragmentación”. En ese contexto, interrogamos los nuevos principios de acción pública de desarrollo rural que conducen a la “territorialización” de la acción pública y al “refuerzo institucional”, con el objetivo de consolidar las capacidades de acción y participación de los actores locales. A partir de experiencias en el Chaco argentino, la tesis se centra en la configuración del campo del desarrollo rural y la articulación entre acción pública y acción colectiva alrededor de innovaciones territoriales e institucionales. Las cuales se interpretan como traducciones locales de los principios de acción pública globalizados en los que participan nuevos actores: técnicos y organizaciones de pequeños productores. La territorialización de la acción pública permite postular la emergencia de un nuevo pacto territorial, entendido como una relación Estado-territorio. La tesis demuestra que ese pacto integra las contradicciones socio-espaciales entre diferentes formas de territorialización de la actividad agropecuaria y conduce a la fragmentación del sector agropecuario en dos referenciales: un referencial de desarrollo rural, basado en la agricultura familiar, y un referencial productivista, basado en la agricultura empresarial
Argentine rural spaces are going through deep changes related to the consolidation of a model based on an exports driven and industrial agriculture. In extra-pampas regions, the consequences of this model are controversial, and are often described as (territorial) disembedding and fragmenting. In this context, we investigate new principles of public action directed towards rural development. These principles lead to the “territorialisation” of public action and “institutional reinforcement”, aiming to consolidate local stakeholders’ participation and capacities. Analyzing experiences in the Argentine Chaco, this PhD dissertation focuses on rural development field and its configuration, and how public actions are connected to collective actions to foster territorial and institutional innovations. These innovations are interpreted as local transpositions of internationally diffused public action principles, involving new actors such as development agents and peasant organizations. “Territorialisation” of public action brings forward the question of the emergence of a new territorial pact, understood as a State-territory relation. This PhD dissertation demonstrates that this new pact takes into account the socio-spatial contradictions between different types of agricultural activities’ territorialisation and leads to the fragmentation of agricultural sector into two systems of reference: a frame for rural development, focusing on family farms, and a productivist frame, focusing on agribusiness
Rochman, Juliette. "Analyse critique de l'application des principes du développement territorial durable dans les zones rurales marginalisées : réflexions à partir des cas du Cariri de la Paraíba et du plateau Catarinense au Brésil". Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1801/document.
Testo completoThe objective of the thesis is to verify the relevance of the (no stabilized) concept of Territorial Sustainable Development (TSD) as theoretical referent but also as strategic frame to concept and implement policies and projects for the sustainable development of territories. This research concerns more specifically the potential of the implementation of strategies inspired by the TSD for the rural zones. The evaluation is led from the empirical analysis of two different Brazilian rural territories, presenting the characteristics of marginalized rural zones. The thesis sought to question the relevance of the Territorial Sustainable Development at three levels, which constituted the structuring axes of this work. First we highlighted the arguments showing the relevance, from a theoretical point of view, of the combination of the concepts of territorial development and sustainable development which compose the theoretical and methodological roots of the TSD. To realize it we made an effort of “delineation“ of the concept of TSD as well as an analysis of its principles and components, namely : the relation local-global for the integration of the environmental dimension, the actors and their organization and action systems, the governance, the social capital and the territory. In a second time, we realized an empirical evaluation (relied on our case studies), of the STD’s capacity to direct specific and flexible strategies, in coherence with the particular contexts of the territories in which they apply. The report of the existence of such strategies on the scale of Brazil as in our two regions of study, carried us to analyse from a normative point of view the results of implemented actions, by means of criteria corresponding to the main objectives of the TSD. The research notably permitted to verify that there is no universality of the trajectories of development and as a consequence it cannot have universality of an intervention model (which was a strong hypothesis of this work and of the project CAPES/COFECUB 449/04 – which the thesis was attached to). The analysis of the cases of the Cariri (in brasilian state of Paraiba) and the “Planalto Catarinense“ allowed on the other hand rejecting partially the hypothesis of a critical mass (masse critique) indispensable for the setting-up of a TSD process, what is particularly positive for the most devitalized rural zones. This study finally allowed us verifying that in spite of a “normal” process of reappropriation of the concept of TSD, and the restricted character of the observed realizations, the actions implemented within TSD strategies are operational and efficient in the way they contribute to the improvement of the conditions of life of the concerned population
Loredo, Jean-Pierre. "L'implication des associations dans les politiques publiques de développement rural : la résonance territoriale des mondes associatifs". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764967.
Testo completoTruchet, Stéphanie. "Analyse économique du développement territorial du tourisme : prise en compte des aménités et des interactions spatiales marchandes et non marchandes". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704585.
Testo completoLenain, Marie-Anne. "Dynamiques et accompagnement des TPE inventives en espace rural isolé : Entre territoires et réseaux : L'exemple en Cézallier, Combrailles et Millevaches". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845391.
Testo completoOunalli, Nadia. "Impact des politiques publiques de développement sur le fonctionnement et la durabilité des systèmes d’activités : le cas du bassin versant d’Oued Oum Zessar, Sud-est tunisien, Médenine". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30037.
Testo completo6Impact of public policy development on the functioning and sustainability of activity systems: The case of watershed Oum Zessar, Southeast Tunisian, MédenineABSTRACTDespite the lack of natural resources and their fragility in the south of Tunisia, agricultural and rural development was obtained through public transfers to disadvantaged areas. Permanent public transfers, which still continues despite the adoption of liberalization policy, has improved rural development indicators and insured satisfactory coverage of population needs through national production.However, this policy has reached its economic, social, ecological and financial limits (Elloumi 2006): economic and social limitations are caused by the difficulty to implement an urban development policy that constitute an alternative to the rural population, which should leave the agricultural sector to make the still existing farms more profitable and sustainable; ecological limits are due to the excessive use of naturals resources in fact influenced by climate change; financial limits are due to the pressure excreted by the need to ensure long-term financial transfers to the rural population and the vulnerable agricultural sectors.Understanding and evaluating development policies has become a necessity. In fact, the analysis and evaluation of public policies are intellectually interconnected. They play a complementary role to understand the results, redefine objectives and finally to improve the policies. Analysis and evaluation should be the final steps of the long process of development and implementation of public policy.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate a various rural development projects implemented in the Oum Zessar watershed. The analysis of the different development experiences is accompanied by an assessment of the water and soil conservation strategy. Two complementary methodological tools were used; the Framework of Participatory Impact Assessment (FOPIA) method and Multi criteria Analysis (MCA) method
Labiadh, Ines. "La Tunisie à l'épreuve de la territorialisation : réalités et perspectives du modèle de développement territorial". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH007/document.
Testo completoIn Tunisia, the development was always a State affair. Through his devolved public bodies, he watches the application of his programs in the various infranationals scales. Since the independence, these programs for the greater part heirs of the strategies and northern policies, failed, in particular in the difficult areas with strong natural and socioeconomic constraints. The long and deep marginalization coupled with the incapacity of public authorities to solve the problems in these areas led to a popular revolt in the disadvantaged zones where the margins of operation and the possibilities of decision-making by the local actors were the most limited. The revolution expresses the saturation of public policies and the necessity of giving free rein to the dynamism of territories and local authorities to think of their own development. Especially that number of territorial dynamics prove their benefit by consensual mechanisms of valuation and construction of the resources and wealth. So, This thesis analyzes the emergence of the experiences of territorial development in Tunisia and questions their elements of strength and weakness. She also allows to reflect about the today and tomorrow’s status of territories and on the role which they should play in the reinvention of the development practice. This work proposes in this regard, to approach the revolution as a historic moment and the democratic transition process like a opportunity to be seized by territories to put in the service of their populations the wealth of their human resources and their heritages and resources. The analysis of terrain, practices of the actors and the contributions of the revolution allows us to examine all these aspects
Bessière, Jacinthe. "Valorisation du patrimoine gastronomique et dynamiques de développement territorial : le haut plateau de l'Aubrac, le pays de Roquefort et le Périgord noir". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20003.
Testo completoWallet, Frédéric. "La gouvernance du développement des territoires ruraux : analyse des dispositifs de coordination et des processus d'innovation institutionnelle". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40018.
Testo completoThe reorganization at work in rural areas describes a mosaic of situations stressing the important role of coordination mechanisms to explain territorial virtuous trajectories and situations of decline. But, as a paradox, public interventions appear more and more difficult to define and settle, emphasizing territorial governance as a core issue. This is the subject of this thesis, which deals with this issue through two questions: the role of territorial governance in territorial development, and the forms and changes in institutions devices as part of territorial governance. The first part addresses the terms of the current debate on territorial governance issues and their role in the development process, and presents the main concepts and analytical grids of the literature on this concept, before clearing an analytical grid mobilized in the following chapters. The second part focuses on two major dimensions of territorial governance, the role of conflict and negotiation processes and innovation in institutional devices. The third part deals with the influence of forms of governance on the valuation methods of territorial resources. Reflections relate specifically to the involvement of stakeholders in the implementation of management systems of public goods on illustrated by the example of geographical indication devices, and the role of private and community initiatives as contributing to the governance of rural areas, illustrated by the strategy of agricultural cooperatives
Bueno, Ambrosini Larissa. "Les apports du management au développement rural : les cas des produits alimentaires de montagne". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE010/document.
Testo completoThe study is about the valorisation of food products from the mountain areas. The mountains are represented often as a savage nature. However, under the economic plan, the mountains are considered as less favoured areas. The main mountain areas has still a strong agrarian character, therefore the add value of their food offer could consist in alternative to improve the income of the mountain farmers and food enterprises. The highlighting of some characteristics which can to differentiate their food products in the market could to help the improvement of this economic segment of the mountain areas. The background of our study is a contemporary theme, the rural development, a topic on which management science are still not mobilized, then we estimated that they could contribute significantly. So we resorted to major authors in the field of management science such as Simon, Lancaster, Chandler and Porter. We also looked for concepts and author in the economic field trying to establish a dialogue to our research problem and doing a managerial reading of proposed concepts. We conduct our research on two axes. The first concerns the perceptions and expectations of consumers towards the supply of mountain food products. The second focus is on the food enterprises based in mountains, their structures, marketing strategies and their relationship with the territory of implantation. First we studied the farmer enterprises located in Lozère, France, and supported by the European Programme Leader. On the other hand, we have also studied the business of bottling water based in the mountains
Faddoul, Fares. "Ski schools : An opportunity for rural mountainous areas to enhance sustainable territorial development the case of Kfarbedian "Mount Lebanon"". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH017.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to illustrate and analyze whether the ski tourism in Kfardebian, a rural area located in Mount-Lebanon, would be capable of achieving a sustainable territorial and tourism development under a centralized governmental system, or whether decentralization would constitute the ultimate approach to realize a fruitful development for Kfardebian’s tourism industry.Tourism nowadays is considered a major driver of development, constituting one of the most effective and leading pillars that can contribute directly to rural territorial development. Potential touristic areas usually trigger capital flow to investments in various service sectors, including heath, infrastructure, resorts and several other tourist-related services leading to significant increase in sales, profits and employment opportunities.This study investigates the fundamental relations between Tourism, Education, Economic Growth and Territorial Development of Kfardebian, with emphasis on ski tourism as a major attraction of tourists. Winter tourism, especially skiing-related services, is considered among one of the fastest rising industries nowadays, as it triggers economic growth and territorial development for rural areas thriving to boost their low performing economy during low tourism seasons.Lebanon, situated on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, heavily depends on tourism for its economic growth. The area of Kfardebian, the subject matter of this Thesis, demonstrates huge potential for the ski tourism in Lebanon, as it is located on a strategic mountainous area and possesses one of the utmost snow quality in the region. Kfardebian’s snow is most valued for being capable of lasting throughout the whole winter season, hence creating a primary winter tourism destination for the whole Middle East. For that reason, boosting the tourism sector in Kfardebian will definitely lead to enormous economic growth that will produce a rewarding and sustainable territorial development.However, despite the government’s declared intentions to develop Kfardebian’s infrastructure, it remains short on achieving a remarkable improvement due to political motives and bureaucracy structure embedded under the centralized system currently in place in Lebanon. Such system requires that most of the essential decisions must be taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.Nevertheless, the Municipality of Kfardebian, realizing the importance of ski as a main source of income for its inhabitants, is aiming to accomplish the finest sustainability for both its tourism industry and territory by allocating all its available resources towards developing and improving its infrastructure, while simultaneously raising the awareness among its population through educational programs highlighting the importance of preserving the area as a touristic attraction.For this main reason, Kfardebian’s stakeholders are working tirelessly to modernize the available ski resorts, either by improving its infrastructure status, or by providing trainings and awareness programs to all personnel involved in the ski industry, whether they are regular employees or ski monitors or even the general population. On the other hand, international advertisement campaigns promoting Lebanon and Kfardebian as an international ski destination are being conducted throughout all tourism seasons on local and international media.Based on the above, a comprehensive strategy is highly recommended to ensure a sustainable territorial and tourism development at Kfardebian area, by which all involved parties and stakeholders are required to set efficient strategies, plans, educational programs, baselines and measurable targets regarding preserving security, health care and environment for the sole purpose of developing this area
Loubet, France. "Analyse de l'impact du tourisme sur le développement des territoires ruraux marginaux : application de l'approche par les capacités à l'étude de l'espace rural rhônalpin". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058938.
Testo completoBoudedja, Karima. "Les acteurs et le développement local : outils et représentations. Cas des territoires ruraux au Maghreb". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979692.
Testo completoBadji, Seydou. "Le sud du Sénégal à l'heure de la culture irriguée de la banane : innovations agricoles et dynamiques territoriales". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H047/document.
Testo completoThis thesis examines dessert banana cropping development induced territorial dynamics in the southern Senegal region, characterized by highly rained-dependent production systems and by a marginalization of the major national development dynamics. As an intensive and market-oriented crop, this agricultural innovation raises the question of its adoption in rain-fed systems, and above all its economic profitability in an isolation context and its interactions with local development dynamics. To answer this question, this thesis was based on data obtained from qualitative surveys of various banana sector stakeholders (producers, traders, supervisors, intermediaries, etc.) and a careful analysis of the ongoing changes in southern Senegal. The thesis is thus articulated on three axes. The first axis shows that the natural and socioeconomic factors that led to the event of irrigated banana cropping stems from the marginal nature of the southern regions of Senegal. The second part analyzes its integration process into farmers' the productive strategies while emphasizing on produces' organizations, banana production practices and marketing dynamics. Finally, an analysis of the socio-economic and geographical effects of banana cropping innovation dynamic development in southern Senegal, substituting banana innovation at the center of the ongoing socio-economic and environmental reorganizations bath at the local and regional levels. This thesis is thus a contribution to the study of "development operations" in rural Africa and the development opportunities of marginalized areas in West Africa
Vouhé, Rodolphe. "Responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise et ancrage territorial : une voie vers la création de nouvelles valeurs partenariales partagées. Le cas de l'entreprise EDF appliqué au bassin versant de la haute vallée de la Dordogne". Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT5008/document.
Testo completoThis thesis work investigates the notion of territorial anchoring throught the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) favouring territorial economic development. This work involves field research through the programme “a river, a territory – DEVELOPMENT” initiated by the EDF corporation within the catchment area of the high Dordogne valley. First we conduct a study of the theoretical foundations and socio-economical contexts in which the territorialised CSR co-construction programme processes are involved. Our first objective is to measure stakeholder expectation during the elaboration of these programmes to understand how these expectations materialise into responses given by corporations. Then, we set up three experiments through the development of specific territorial engineering approaches. Our second objective consists in measuring the effective contribution of the EDF programme for territorial public action, identify its limits and new expectations of its actors. Finally, we compared our results against the programme roadmap initiated by EDF by revisiting the CSR and territorial anchoring concepts. Our third objective is to formulate potential evolutions of territorialised CSR programmes. The results show that these programmes are embedded within particular socio-economic contexts. The conducted experimentations show an effective contribution of the EDF territorial development programme around specific support approaches favouring project emergence within territorial governance. Finally, new expectations appear around a reinforcement of the interdependency between corporations and territories. We then propose an evolution of these programmes by joining roadmaps with an approach based on shared and partnership values aimed at favouring this interdependency
Cognard, Françoise. "" Migrations d'agrément " et nouveaux habitants dans les moyennes montagnes françaises : de la recomposition sociale au développement territorial. L'exemple du Diois, du Morvan et du Séronais". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20003.
Testo completoOuedraogo, Moussa. "Décentralisation et dynamiques locales de développement durable au Burkina Faso : étude de cas dans les communes rurales dans la région de la Boucle du Mouhoun dans la partie nord-ouest du pays". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA3006/document.
Testo completoDue to the persistence of socio-politico-economic multifaceted crises and the inefficient of the centralized of the practice development management issues to curb the underlying causes, Burkina Faso like many sub-Saharan African countries were obliged to adopt new political reforms. These reforms which are more opened to the promotion of the democracy and the sharing power between the state and other actors are perceived as adequate ways to improve governance at the local level and as a catalyst to establish the most solid foundation for development. It’s in this objective that the process of decentralization was promoted by the governmental authorities. However, these decentralization reforms are imposed by governmental authorities and actors in charge of the implementation of development policies as a way that must allow the more effective implementation of sustainable development. It’s the turn of this problem of correlation between the process of decentralization and the sustainable development that have organized the work of our thesis. The methodology of research which combined qualitative and quantitative approaches has allowed collecting important information and data on theoretical and practical aspects of the experiences in six rural communities in the Northwest Region of Burkina Faso. Besides the magazine of the literature, surveys have been conducted in six target municipalities. These surveys concerned resident populations, and producers (men and women), local development associations, the mayors, the agents of the administrations municipalities, agents of the technical department decentralized by the state
Danfakha, Sira. "Infrastructures de transport et dynamiques spatiales. Le rôle des aéroports dans le développement économique et l’aménagement des territoires environnants : le cas de Dakar". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040185.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis aims to analyze the relationships that link the airport infrastructure to its environment. It is based on the example of Dakar and Diass airports in Senegal. The work refers to two levels. First, a study of the Dakar-Yoff airport zone, which shows how the infrastructure contributed to the emergence of the international metropolis. The municipalities bordering the airport (Yoff, Ouakam and Ngor), located in the district of Almadies, have seen their territory evolve physically and economically since its installation in the northwestern suburbs of Dakar. The analysis of geographical maps, from the 1940s to the present day, testifies to a real spatial dynamic in this part of the Dakar region. Based on the characteristics of the airport and the economic and urban dynamics that accompanied its evolution, the analysis will reveal that the lack of mastery of urbanization in its surroundings and the disregard of regulations will lead to multiple problems and consequently to the decision of the state of Senegal to transfer the equipment to a new site, about forty kilometers from Dakar. The construction of the new platform and the various projects associated with it place the new host municipalities, Diass and Keur Moussa, located in rural areas, at the center of the country's political and economic challenges and affect their future development. The emergence of the airport as an actor of economic and territorial development, especially for the surrounding territories, shows the links that can exist between the airport infrastructure and its environment. These links translate into several visible aspects that are discussed in this contribution
Botero-Cabal, Diego. "Reconfigurations territoriales soutenables des déplacés dans les plaines orientales de Colombie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H042/document.
Testo completoMarginalized from Colombia, the department of Vichada and the municipality of La Primavera, located in the Orinoco basin, are at the center of an agrarian boom. At the origin of this, there are paramilitaries groups, guerrilla and drug traffickers, who are trying to control the coca production. The boom is attracting investment of any kind, resulting in an agrarian counter-reform materialized in an accumulation of land, in a violent and illegal manner. This scenario contains the conditions for new IDP waves moving to slums in the large cities. Meanwhile, Colombia is in a conjuncture with the negotiations between the government and the guerrillas to end the war. The key point of the agenda is sustainable development of the countryside and the democratization of access to the land. This dichotomous situation represents an opportunity to introduce alternative and sustainable development laboratories, which could benefit the whole region. The research focuses on La Primavera, a distinctly rural area with 14,000 people scattered over a wide extension without basic infrastructure; where a Norwegian group bought 72,000 hectares of savannah in order to develop an agro-industrial project, which will need intensive manpower. The project, under construction, plans to create a sustainable and self-sufficient village of 1,000 families, whose conception includes taking into account of the territory and other villages; and the implementation of alternative social, economic and environmental solutions, constituting the main field of observation, in situ and in vivo
Bros, Myriam. "Globalisation et spécificité territoriale : le Ségala aveyronnais : organisation et projet territoriaux". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20015.
Testo completoDynamics of rural territories come from global economy's constraints and opportunities and, at the same time, from the logics of local partners. Their intelligibilities are mainly to be found in the relations they have with other territorial systems. We start from the hypothesis that the development basically depends on the type, the intensity and the organizations of internal relations and interextrarelations of the territorial system in question. The "Segala aveyronnais"; rural territory, is our field of study. Firstly, the subject of the analysis is organized space. The technical networks of communication are the factor which organize the space. Little by little, they move towards the information networks. The steps taken in favour of local development are more than essential in order to face the crisis and market globalization, as they are necessary strategies for adapting to change. Thus, the second part of thesis presents the network as a process which fallow a particular logical way of organizing the rural territory, which is linked with steps for local development. The development consists of creating territory through its organization; it is the production and mobilization of particular local resources which can be environmental, symbolic or organizational
Pierre, Geneviève. "Produire pour son territoire. De l'autonomie agricole au projet local agro-énergétique. Illustrations dans l'Ouest français". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976045.
Testo completoAuthier, Felix. "Territorialisation des politiques énergétiques et développement local en Europe : une étude comparée de la contribution des initiatives locales de production d'énergie renouvelable à la multifonctionnalité des espaces ruraux". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0003/document.
Testo completoIt is indisputable that renewable energies contribute to the struggle against climate change but their influence on the development of rural space remains to be further explored. The aim of this comparative study is to analyse the effect of local initiatives and projects in the domain of renewable energies on French and German rural areas. Using the concepts of Social Capital, territorial capital and multifunctionality, we show that the implementation of endogenous photovoltaic- and windpowerplant projects contribute to push the development of these areas and reinforce their resilience. On the base of the noted principle, two forms of development can be identified: an intuitional territorial development and a citizen territorial development
Es ist unstrittig, dass erneuerbare Energien zum Kampf gegen den Klimawandel beitragen, aber ihr Einfluss auf die Entwicklung ländlicher Räume verdient es dennoch weiter erforscht zu werden. Das Ziel dieser vergleichenden Studie ist es, den Einfluss lokaler Initiativen und Projekte im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien auf ländliche Räume in Frankreich und Deutschland zu erforschen. Unter Verwendung der Konzepte von Sozialkapital, territorial capital und Multifunktionalität wird gezeigt, dass raumbezogene Faktoren eine entscheidende Bedeutung für die Verwirklichung der Projekte haben. Weiterhin geht aus der empirischen Untersuchung hervor, dass die Verwirklichung von endogenen Photovoltaik- und Windprojekten dazu beiträgt, die Entwicklung der betreffenden Räume voranzutreiben und deren Resilienz zu stärken. Ferner konnten auf Grundlage der untersuchten lokalen Merkmale zwei Entwicklungstypen identifiziert werden: eine institutionalisierte Regionalentwicklung und eine bürgernahe Regionalentwicklung
Ghachem-Cherif, Nejla. "Ressource en eau et identité territoriale : vers quel modèle de l'entreprenariat rural ? Cas de la zone de Diarr Hojjej (Gouvernorat de Nabeul, Tunisie)". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30093/document.
Testo completoIn rural areas, water management induces changes in technologies and in agricultural practices that face farmers. Farmers’ behaviors include both a desire for innovation and a land attachment through local customs, practices and representations. This identity attachment has often been regarded as an obstacle to the introduction of new techniques rather than an opportunity to be seized. This work, based on the case of Diar Hojjej (a coastal area of Cap Bon, Tunisia) aims to understand how rural entrepreneurship can be an engine to convey a strong environmental constraint area (water irrigation) to sustainable agricultural development, while taking into account the territory’s identity. The territory’s identity would it only be an obstacle to rural entrepreneurship? And what would be the most relevant model of entrepreneurship? [etc.]
Ammi, Houssameddine. "Villes et développement économique en Algérie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL2004.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is the study of the evolution of cities and the economic development in Algeria, by making a first study on the cities of the Maghreb countries, which present a similarity in their evolution and know an accelerated process of their urbanization due to the phenomenon of rural exodus. This work consists of three chapters.The first chapter proposes to study the development of urban hierarchies and determine the nature of urban growth for the three countries of this region of the world, which has undergone significant demographic, political, economic and social changes since the second half of the 20th century. This work is based on a database of urban populations in the Maghreb countries of more than 5000 inhabitants for all the censuses carried out since the 1960s. We will then analyze the results found with the help of econometric tools and models often used by researchers in the field of urbanization.Algeria, which is our case study in the second chapter, presents at independence in 1962, a dependent economy, disarticulated and oriented around the interest of the colonial minority and capitalization metropolitan, its poor and almost illiterate population lives on the northern strip of the country. Post independence industrial projects launched by successive governments have had no convincing results. Indeed, more than half a century later, Algeria is still highly dependent on hydrocarbon rent and its economy has not been diversified.The city of Algiers, object of our third chapter, was born in the 10th century and becomes the capital of the Regency between the 16th and 19th century. During the colonial period 1830-1962, the city developed, westernized, it becomes the colonial capital out of the hype and at independence, from the departure of the Europeans, a rush on the vacant property is observed; the exodus started during the war accelerates. The new state does not have an urban policy; it renews the colonial legislation and then opts in 1974 for a socialist and liberal type of legislation from 1990. The attempts to control the urbanization by institutions, studies, and divisions did not give the convincing results, the city evolved spontaneously
Dieng, Mamadou. "Les réformes de l'administration territoriale et le développement rural au Sénégal". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10018.
Testo completoThe links territorial administration rural development reflect the developing of one collectivity in a given moment of its history. The analysis of the "reforms of territorial administration and rural development in senegal", aims to show what is the place devoted in the implemented developping to the "3 p" mass (peasants-fishers and shepherds) there are the most important share of the whole population (between 60 to 70%). In 1972 was initiated by the government the reform of territorial administration so as the bring nearer the administration to the administrated. The analysis will be bring about through the rural community of coumbacara located in kolda area. It is a zone sufficiently populations and pluriethnizone so as to provide a sense to the question of peasant participation such as it is put on question with all its complecty
Khneyzer, Chadi. "Les facteurs d'attractivité territoriale au service du développement au Liban : le cas du Akkar". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE005/document.
Testo completoLebanon knows nowadays a phenomenon against original-urban migration, while growing urbanization is rather the great feature of our world today. This has piqued our curiosity led us to investigate the causes of this dynamic in some Lebanese areas while others remain outside and suffer from underdevelopment. Such is the case of the region that is the subject of our research: Akkar, north Lebanon.To boost the region and trigger a process of territorial development, it is clear that agriculture must be aware of the concerns of the center of its predominance in the territory of Akkar and comparative advantages it provides.Several theoretical and empirical work highlights the virtues of the development of agriculture in terms of GDP growth and the fight against poverty and show that agriculture reacts faster than other sectors to new policies and contributes greatly to the GDP. Agricultural growth stimulates the whole economy because it creates markets for non-agricultural goods and services, producing a diversification effect of the economic base of rural areas. Thus the food industry and tourism will develop in line with a new vision for agriculture.Finally, the current weaknesses of Akkar economy can become opportunities if the multifunctional nature of the rural economy is sustainable development from a dynamic encompassing agriculture, agribusiness and tourism. Shares on the conditions of production (improving infrastructure, strengthening education and training, financial support and rational organization of production) involve state support. The actions of revitalization and recovery through a series of local development projects involve for their strong mobilization of local actors and decentralized for greater flexibility, especially in the management of decentralized cooperation projects
Senil, Nicolas. "Une reconstruction de l'espace-temps : approche croisée des processus de patrimonialisation et de territorialisation dans les territoires ruraux en France et aux Maroc". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651901.
Testo completoRegourd, Estelle. "Le phénomène associatif dans le recomposition territoriale : vers de nouvelles ruralités ?" Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30036.
Testo completoRural transformation and the way it is organised from a spatial and territorial point of view can be apprehended through the associative question. Associations play an important role in territorial production and structuring because of their network-type organization, their flexibility, and their innovative power. As a local and collective actor, but also representative of individuals, associations are real agents of rural evolution. They combinate two types of action : political decision and socio-economical practical experience, and two types of perception : rural environment as “espace de vie” / “espace vécu”. Based on these two main issues, the following question can be asked : is the associative sphere able to create new territory and a new definition of rurality ? Our approach, based on the study of two very different regions in France, the Aveyron and the Alpes de Haute Provence, and their associative sectors, shows that associations do reveal rural change, have a territorial vocation, and are good indicators from a socio-geographical point of view
Tchekote, Hervé. "Financement rural et développement durable : logiques d'acteurs et dynamiques territoriales dans l'Ouest du Cameroun". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010597.
Testo completoBonniot, Aurore. "Imaginaire des lieux et attractivité des territoires : Une entrée par le tourisme littéraire : Maisons d’écrivain, routes et sentiers littéraires". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20017/document.
Testo completoHow does the imaginary of places stemming from literature contributes to enhance a territory? At a time when rural areas, aspiring to strengthen their attractiveness, take actions to renew their image, the literary heritage can be considered a resource: writers' houses, routes or literary trails thus contribute to the territorial inscription of literature and its imagination. This thesis is interested in the creation of such places, in their animation and in their territorial integration. It also deals with their reception and with their appropriation by the inhabitants and tourists. A statistical analysis of writer's houses in France allows for a typology which underlines the structural, spatial and organizational specificities of these polymorphic places. In addition, case studies inform about the peculiarities of the relation between author and place, and about the dynamics of the house as multi-actors territorial project. Two methods are implemented to seize the visitors’ representations: a survey by questionnaire, extended by the analysis of a more creative and more sensitive way of expression, visitors' log (« livres d’or »). The analysis of questionnaires underlines the diversity of the motives for visits which are not exclusively literary. The study of visitors' log highlights the immersive dimensions of an experience where feelings meet memories and imagination. A multiscalar typology of literary routes is then realized, enriched by case studies. From Berry to Provence, from the Cévennes to Quebec via Livradois, literary routes propose the exploring of a region together with a writer and imaginary characters. They so redefine the notion of authenticity by transcending the usual demarcation between the reality and fiction. All the analyzed elements contribute to consider a form of tourism combining knowledge, imagination and experimentation of places, drawing the outlines of a new tourist practice of space : that of a literary tourism focused on itinerancy and creativity
Candau, Jacqueline. "Les agriculteurs face aux politiques de développememt agricole : univers de pensées, politiques publiques et inscription territoriale". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR21012.
Testo completoBeuriot, Mathilde. "Approche territoriale de la pluriactivite en milieu rural africain : petits et gros travaux en Guinée Maritime". Bordeaux 3, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171791.
Testo completoBased upon a two years applied research program in Coastal Guinea, our thesis aims at refreshing classical approaches of rural Africa in order to give a new light on development policies. Today, the regular agrarian entry is not adapted to describing rural life in Africa, further more to devising programs aiming at improving the life of local populations. Agriculture keeps a structuring part, but has to be viewed in the light of the numerous other activities, which are invigorated by the ever increasing role of money in trade. Pluriactivity has been analysed through quantitative approaches based upon households and individuals. It enabled us to substitute “systems of activities” to “rural systems”, both semantically and theoretically. The complexity of pluriactivity combinations has been asserted through time allocation, work organisation, and task patterns. Our work shows that these numerous combinations draw, at different scales, territories of action pertinent for the searcher as well as the decision maker
Depraz, Samuel. "Recompositions territoriales, développement rural et protection de la nature dans les campagnes d'Europe centrale post-socialiste". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204942.
Testo completoTerrieux, Agnès. "Les territoires de référence dans les CTE (contrats territoriaux d’exploitation)". Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20043.
Testo completoWhen the French government decided to have a new Agricultural Act voted in 1999, it used the word « territory » as an incentive for farmers and extension workers to find a new way to interact with the whole society. Taking into account that the status of agriculture in the contemporary rural communities was at stake, farmers and extension workers in Aude and Tarn have tried to work on a renewal of the ways and means of the word “territory”. In this work I point out how people dealt with the different means of the word “territory” to build a common ground on which to build new ways to share the rural space, live, work, network in an extended and open community aiming at local and global sustainability
Cazella, Ademir Antonio. "Développement local et agriculture familiale : les enjeux territoriaux dans le département de l'Aude". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1802.
Testo completoGrasset, Eric. "Les Services aux populations dans le développement territorial en montagnes méditerranéennes : application à l'Ardèche méridionale et au Diois". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10260.
Testo completoNasser, Wafaa. "Développement Local, Construction Territoriale et Tourisme : le Cas du Liban". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927516.
Testo completoDiop, Joseph. "Dynamiques locales et construction territoriale : approche socio-anthropologique du processus de développement local dans la Commune rurale de Fandène (Thiès – Sénégal)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20016/document.
Testo completoHow to give an account of the dialectical relationship between the density of social interactions and the building of development in a local system of action which the territory can constitute? This is the key question which our thesis tries to answer. The issues of local development are posed with regards to processes carried out by actors of all kinds, registered in contexts of building their territory. The rural municipality of Fandène is a laboratory rich for experimentation of development practices. As such, Fandène is ideal for studying the act of reaching the local, the actor and, to penetrate into the heart of the action, hidden social situations; where the logic of action and the strategies of actors are muddled in the everyday life of projects and development initiatives. Thus, the socioanthropology of development turned out to be useful in addressing these questions and promoted the use of the systematic approach to analyze interactions, on the one hand, the interactions both in the local organizations (EIG, FPG), and between them and the agencies of Development (NGO), and, on the other hand, the motivations of the actors to take part in the so-called development. With observations, interviews and questionnaires, the field inquiry allowed for the collection of data on the actors and created social relationships, whose analysis allowed for, among other things, the start of an incomplete but interesting, ''profiling'' of certain actors, based on the motives and intentions of participating in collective action
Beuriot, Mathilde. "Approche territoriale de la pluriactivité en milieu rural africain. Petits métiers et gros travaux en Guinée Maritime". Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171791.
Testo completoAndrés, Ruiz Carles de. "Energie éolienne et développement local : étude comparée sur les effets socio-économiques et territoriaux des parcs éoliens dans les espaces ruraux défavorisés de l'Europe". Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO2016.
Testo completoFrayssignes, Julien. "Les AOC dans le développement territorial : une analyse en termes d'ancrage appliquée aux cas français des filières fromagères". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7637/1/frayssignes.pdf.
Testo completoGarcia, Romain. "L'implantation des parcs éoliens et l'acceptabilité des installations par la population : Le cas des communes rurales du Centre-Ouest de la France (Indre, Vienne, Haute-Vienne)". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE1174.
Testo completoWind development start in France in the 2000s, under the various European directives. The targets set for 2030 are to achieve 32% renewable energy at the final energy consumption. Nevertheless, the conflicts of use related to the implantation of the one more mature RE, the wind, hinders the development of this energy. Acceptability is a crucial issue for achieving the objectives set at European level, and for providing rural areas supporting this energy with additional economic benefits. As part of the research, we were interested to wind projects located in Civraisien (Vienne), Champagne Berrichonne (Indre) and Basse Marche (Haute-Vienne). The study of these wind projects has made it possible to establish the factors acceptability, and to propose recommendations for the holders of this energy. Thus, the realization of a territorial project, integrating the expectations of the citizens and the territorial characteristics of the support communes are essential elements in the acceptability of these projects
Raimbert, Céline. "Quilombos ou l’affirmation de la diversité territoriale au Brésil. Une réflexion autour de la durabilité rurale et de l’action collective territorialisée". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA139/document.
Testo completoIn 1988, after two decades of military regime, Brazil writes a new constitution in order to build a nation founded on democracy, multiculturalism and integration. In this framework, Quilombos are reborn. They are afro-descendant communities to whom is given, as a historical redemption, the collective tenure of their lands. Differentiated territories are tenured for specific populations on behalf of diversity. But can such a measure be sufficient to ensure the sustainability of these black rural communities? To answer this question, we focus on three case studies, three Quilombola communities (two in the Amazon, State of Pará and one in the Ribeira Valley, State of São Paulo) and we cross their features and trajectories, their structures and strategies. In this way, the aim is to observe the mechanisms of their sustainability, from a double point of view. A social point of view, first, that we assess by relying on Elinor Ostrom’s studies and her theory of Commons. But a territorial point of view too, that, we assume, completes the observation of social systems and their adaptation mechanisms and demonstrate the territorial stakes of the sustainability. Finally, the three case studies highlight that the “quilombolization” of the communities seems to partially fulfill its objectives, ensuring territorial and social guarantees, but still having some difficulties to last
Em 1988, após duas décadas de governo militar, o Brasil escreve uma nova constituição para construir uma nação fundada sobre a democracia, o multiculturalismo e a integração. É nesse marco que (re)nascem os quilombos, comunidades afrodescendentes as quais é concedida, como reparação histórica, a propriedade coletiva de suas terras. Assim são demarcados territórios diferenciados par populações específicas em nome da diversidade. Mas, será que tal medida poda ser suficiente para garantir a sustentabilidade dessas comunidades negras rurais? Para responder a esse pergunta, mobilizamos três estudos de caso, três comunidades quilombolas (da Amazônia, Estado do Pará e do vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo) das quais cruzamos as características e as trajetórias, as estruturas e as estratégias. Trata-se, dessa forma, de observar os mecanismos de sua sustentabilidade, a partir de um duplo ponto de vista. O ponto de vista social primeiro, que avaliamos nos apoiando nos trabalhos de Elinor Ostrom e sua teoria dos bens comuns. Mas também um ponto de vista territorial que, assumimos, permite enriquecer a observação dos sistemas sociais e seus mecanismos de adaptação e de demonstrar os desafios territoriais da própria sustentabilidade. Finalmente, o estudo de nossos três casos permite evidenciar que a “quilombolização” das comunidades parece cumprir parcialmente seus objetivos, assegurando garantias territoriais e sociais, mas encontrando algumas dificuldades para inseri-las plenamente no tempo longo
Carpentier, Irène. "Les révolutions silencieuses des oasis du sud tunisien : crise des modèles et réponses locales". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H102.
Testo completoIn a context of rising social demands and a crisis in development models, this work questions the transformations of the oasis territories of southern Tunisia drawing on an analysis of the diversification of practices of local resource exploitation. The research devotes particular attention to the economic, social and technological innovations that characterize certain emerging forms of valorization and to the political dimension they carry. Adopting a social geography approach, the analysis is based on a comparison of the continental oasis of Tozeur and the coastal oasis of Gabès, making it possible to identify the diversity of the processes that influence the dynamics of these territories. This approach calls into question an understanding of oases as exceptional environments and underlines the need to integrate into the analysis the diversity of actors deploying their strategies in the oasis territories and to reintegrate the latter into their regional and national political context. The analysis shows that the transformation of oasis territories is characterized by partly contradictory dynamics; on the one hand, national development policies have had the effect of marginalizing ancient oases, subjecting them to a series of threats – desertification, urbanization, abandonment that call into question their sustainability; on the other hand, the rise of environmental concerns and the emergence of new tourism and living environment related demands has fostered a dynamics of heritage requalification of oases based on an idealization of their traditional systems that is publicized by a booming associative sector. The diversification of valorization forms of oasis territories ranging from small family farming to agribusiness projects and leisure activities, agroecology or ecotourism also leads to increased competition for access to land and water resources and to a strengthened process of social and spatial differentiation within oasis territories. Thus, the phenomena observed underline the ambivalence of this increasingly politicized "oasis preservation" dynamics that contributes to the debate on the redefinition of development models in post 2011 Tunisia