Tesi sul tema "Développement et validation d’échelle"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Développement et validation d’échelle".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Chapaux-Morelli, Pascale. "La dissonance identitaire au travail : développement théorique et demarche operationnelle par une approche mixed-method". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080006.
Considering the increasing interest in identity issues, identity dissonance at work is becoming a major issue. It is a severe psychological discomfort as a result of a conscious discrepancy experienced by the individual between actual self and ought self, at the workplace. After a presentation of the historical aspects of identity and on the basis of Higgins’ Self-Discrepancy Theory, we developed an instrument of measurement through an inductive approach, given the lack of specific literature. The construction of the IDS-Work resulted in an independent two-dimensional structure for a total of eleven items. The latitude of expressive identity measures the degree by which the individual expresses his/her personality and identity at work, and normative pressure measures the degree of perceived constraints at an identity level. We then analyzed the effects of identity dissonance on occupational health processes, and realized a qualitative study, in which dissonance is seen as a lever for evolution. The results of such studies have allowed: to highlight the direct effect of identity dissonance on the intention to leave, the eudemonic well-being and, very massively, on emotional dissonance; to identify latent profiles separating individuals who wish to change occupation or not, the former with low scores of self-esteem and promotional focus; to underline the importance of phenomena such as social heritage or multi-jobbing. The results are discussed, and the future research envisaged
Rudelle, Astié Anne. "Approche culturelle des compétences politiques en contexte organisationnel français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080090.
The aim of this thesis was to conceptualize a model of political skill adapted to the French organizational context. Based on an intercultural reflection between the modes of French and American organizational functioning, the Political Skill Inventory (PSI) developed by Ferris, Treadway, Kolodinsky, Hochwarter, Kacmar, Douglas, & Frink (2005) has been extended to positional and ideological levels from Doise’s psychosocial theory (1982), to the formal dimension of organizations (Mintzberg, 1983) and to the strategic analysis of Crozier and Friedberg (1977). Four studies have led to the development of a four-factor structure (access to formal knowledge, interpersonal influence, intuition of strategic relationships, propensity for learning) and gave evidence of the initial validity of the scale of measurement: the French Political Skill Inventory (FPSI). We have shown that the factor structure of the FPSI is not maintained in the American organizational context. The dispositional and personal ability antecedents of political skill from Ferris, Treadway, Perrewé, Brouer, Douglas & Lux (2007) revealed a good fit to our model. Following the finding that men reported significantly higher FPSI scores than women, we showed that the gender differences observed are due to variations in gender identity and not in biological sex. In particular, androgynous profiles reported significantly higher FPSI scores than female and undifferentiated profiles
Rolland, Jean-François. "Développement et validation d'architectures dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367994.
Laurent, Claire. "Développement et validation de modèles d'évaporation multi-composant". Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0013.
Choinière, Jean-Philippe. "Conception, développement et validation expérimentale d'une boussole haptique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27069.
This Master’s thesis presents the design, control and experimental validation of a haptic compass, designed as a guiding device for the visually impaired in all environments. The literature review shows that there is a need for haptic guidance and how this technology differs from current haptic devices. The proposed device uses the principle of asymmetric torques. Its design is based on a direct drive motor and a pre-calibrated open-loop control, which allows the generation of stimuli in a wide range of frequencies. The device is calibrated and its mechanical properties are evaluated to ensure that the open-loop control provides sufficient precision. A first user study presents interesting effectiveness in the frequency range 5 to 15 Hz and for torques over 40 mNm. In a second experiment, the use of a haptic feedback proportional to the anglular error is shown to significantly improve the results. An experimental validation by a group of subjects walking with the aid of the portable device in an open environment is then reported. The results show that all participants met all route objectives with small lateral deviations (0:39 m on average). The performances obtained and the user’s impressions are favorable and confirm the potential of this device. Finally, a model of the human orientation task is developed and demonstrates the importance of individual customization. A receding horizon strategy for the placement of the current target on the path is thereby proposed.
Iorga, Cristian. "Développement de méthodologies de conception et validation pour le développement de produits et composants structuraux". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11427.
Girard, Pascale. "Validation partielle et développement d'un modèle de microclimat urbain". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27403.
Blaud, Pierre Clément. "Développement d'un modèle de simulation de supercondensateur et validation expérimentale". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1084/1/BLAUD_Pierre_Cl%C3%A9ment.pdf.
Delage, Valérie. "Développement et validation d'un dosage immunoenzymométrique du récepteur des estrogènes". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T207.
Hermawan, Hendra. "Conception, développement et validation d'alliages métalliques dégradables utilisés en chirurgie endovasculaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26286/26286.pdf.
This doctoral project permitted for the first time to design, develop and study metallic alloys as degradable biomaterials. Between 2001 and 2003, commercially pure iron and magnesium alloys were evaluated for their possibility to become degradable biomaterials. In those studies, it was found that their mechanical property and degradation behaviour were not clinically well suited. In this context, a series of Fe–Mn alloys was produced with the objective to obtain physical and mechanical properties similar to those of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) and degradation behaviour more suited in human physiological environment than pure iron and magnesium alloys. Four alloys with manganese content ranging between 20 and 35 wt% were prepared via a powder metallurgy route followed by a series of cold rolling and resintering cycles. Results showed that their microstructure was mainly composed of austenitic phase with the trace of martensitic phase in alloys having lower manganese content. This microstructure resulted into a nonmagnetic behaviour of the alloys with magnetic susceptibility lower than that of SS316L. In contrast to SS316L, this magnetic susceptibility remained constant after having plastic deformation. The alloys showed mechanical property approached to that of SS316L. As manganese content increased, the yield strength decreased from 420 to 210 MPa and the elongation increased from 5 to 32%. The alloys degraded in simulated coronary artery conditions by the mechanism of corrosion. Their average corrosion rate was faster than that of pure iron and slower than magnesium alloys. The degradation products constituted of iron hydroxides and calcium/phosphorus containing layers which adhered onto the substrate. The release of iron and manganese ions into the solution was limited by the insoluble degradation layer. The cell viability assays showed that the Fe–Mn alloys possess a low inhibition effect to fibroblast cells metabolic activities demonstrating their potentiality to be a biocompatible degradable biomaterial.
Houle, Jérôme. "Développement et validation du Schwartz Outcome Scale - 10 pour téléphone intelligent". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28195.
This study is about the development and validation of a smartphone version of the french-language translation of the Schwartz Outcome Scale – 10 (SOS-10F; Blais et coll., 1999; Laux et coll. 2006). Forty-four participants were recruited from the Université Laval community and completed both the paper and smartphone version of the SOS-10F in order to assess the agreement between the two. Participants also completed a questionnaire to evaluate the acceptability of the new instrument. The measured agreement between the two instruments was excellent (ICC = 0.98), suggesting that the two versions of the SOS-10F can be used interchangeably. A Bland-Altman analysis also suggests that the observed differences between the instruments were adequate for usage in a clinical setting. The acceptability of the smartphone version was high with 86,4% of participants saying this version was as easy or easier to use than the paper version and 70,5% preferring this version as much or more than the paper version. Results suggest that the smartphone version of the SOS-10F could be used interchangeably with the paper version, but more research is necessary before this version could be recommended in a clinical setting.
Vaudor, Geoffroy. "Atomisation assistée par un cisaillement de l'écoulement gazeux. Développement et validation". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES024.
Assisted atomization enables to transform a liquid jet into drops using a co-flowing high-speed gas jet. This method is applied in cryogenic engines and aircraft propulsion systems. However, numerical study of these configurations is challenging, due to the high shearing associated with the high density ratio between the liquid and gaseous phases, which make most solvers unstable, including the ARCHER solver developed in CORIA laboratory. Numerical developments on the modeling of the convective term based on Rudman's work have been performed. The main idea is to re-establish the consistency between numerical mass and momentum transport. The original discretization requires moving the interface onto a dual grid. This method has proved to be stable but numerically costly. A new discretization which enables to get rid of the second grid is suggested and validated on different test cases. Experimental studies on assisted atomization have been carried out in LEGI laboratory for years and the new numerical scheme developed during these studies have enabled to simulate numerically a 2D sheared liquid film and a coaxial liquid jet in 3D, which have then been compared to the experimental results
Roux, Lauriane. "Développement et validation d’un modèle cellulaire de kératopathie associée à l’aniridie". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC276.
Aniridia is a rare panocular disease mainly due to PAX6 heterozygous mutations. PAX6 is the master gene of the eye development and it controls also the corneal homeostasis maintenance. Aniridia is characterized by an iris hypo/aplasia, retina and lens defects. All the aniridia patients will also develop an aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK) leading to a progressive corneal opacification. ARK is due to a limbal stem cell deficiency and alterations of corneal epithelium and stroma functions. Unfortunately, there is currently no efficient treatment to relief the patients and no cellular model for this pathology. To remedy these lacks, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to insert a nonsense mutation into PAX6 gene of immortalized limbal epithelial cells. The mutated cells produce less PAX6 than the wild-type and PAX6 targets gene expression was modulated. They also display a marked slow-down proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and an enhanced adhesion. Moreover, we have shown that addition of recombinant PAX6 protein fused to a cell penetrating peptide to the culture medium was able to activate the endogenous PAX6 expression and to rescue some phenotypic defects of the mutated cells. Therefore, it validates the PAX6 haploinsufficiency model and suggests that PAX6 could be involved in all the rescued functions. The mutated cells can now be used to screen potential therapeutic tools for ARK and for other defects due to low levels of PAX6
Balbastre, Yaël. "Développement et validation d’outils pour l’analyse morphologique du cerveau de Macaque". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS333/document.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative or developmental diseases and designing new therapeutic approaches are based on the use of relevant experimental models as well as appropriate imaging techniques. In this context, MRI is a prominent tool for in vivo investigation as it allows for longitudinal follow-up. Successful translation from bench to bedside calls for well-characterized models as well as transferable biomarkers. Yet, despite the existence of both clinical and preclinical scanners, analysis tools are hardly translational. In this work, inspired by standards developed in Humans, we've built and validated tools for the automated segmentation of neuroanatomical structures in the Macaque. This method is based on the registration of a digital probabilistic atlas followed by the fitting of a statistical model consisting of a gaussian mixture and Markov random fields. It was first validated in healthy adults and then applied to the study of neonatal brain development. Furthermore, to pave the way for comparisons with gold standard post mortem biomarkers, we developed a pipeline for the automated 3D reconstruction of histological volumes that we applied to the characterization of MRI contrast in a stem-cell graft following an excitotoxic lesion
Devillard, Xavier. "Développement et validation d'un ergomètre pour fauteuil roulant : spécificités et capacités du VP100H®". Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET006T.
Lamy, Jérôme. "Développement et validation de biomarqueurs quantitatifs d'imagerie cardiaque : association entre structure et fonction myocardique". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS045/document.
Cardiovascular diseases, which are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide, are the result of interdependent alterations of the heart structure and function coupled with the aggravating effects of metabolic diseases, aging and lifestyle. In this context, the goal of my thesis is to design and validate new, robust and fast cardiac imaging quantitative biomarkers to characterize myocardial function and structure as well as their relationships. A first work was focused on the development of a method to evaluate cardiac function, specifically myocardial deformation kinetics on all cardiac chambers from standard cine MRI images. The designed method was reproducible and its diagnostic ability was superior to conventional clinical indices. It was also able to detect subclinical age-related heart alterations. The aims of the second study were to develop a method for atrial fat quantification, based on CT images, and to evaluate it on a cohort of healthy subjects and patients with atrial fibrillation. Finally, the interaction between structural and functional myocardial indices was studied through the first in vivo validation in the MRI literature of cardiac deformation function, evaluated using our method, against histological quantification of the “fibro-fatty” tissue substrate
Lamy, Jérôme. "Développement et validation de biomarqueurs quantitatifs d'imagerie cardiaque : association entre structure et fonction myocardique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS045.pdf.
Cardiovascular diseases, which are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide, are the result of interdependent alterations of the heart structure and function coupled with the aggravating effects of metabolic diseases, aging and lifestyle. In this context, the goal of my thesis is to design and validate new, robust and fast cardiac imaging quantitative biomarkers to characterize myocardial function and structure as well as their relationships. A first work was focused on the development of a method to evaluate cardiac function, specifically myocardial deformation kinetics on all cardiac chambers from standard cine MRI images. The designed method was reproducible and its diagnostic ability was superior to conventional clinical indices. It was also able to detect subclinical age-related heart alterations. The aims of the second study were to develop a method for atrial fat quantification, based on CT images, and to evaluate it on a cohort of healthy subjects and patients with atrial fibrillation. Finally, the interaction between structural and functional myocardial indices was studied through the first in vivo validation in the MRI literature of cardiac deformation function, evaluated using our method, against histological quantification of the “fibro-fatty” tissue substrate
Lagacé, Pierre-yves. "Développement et validation d’une méthode d’évaluation destranslations glénohumérales 3d sous EOS(mc)". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0059/document.
Precise morpho-functional analysis of the shoulder, including of the glenohumeral (GH) joint, would allow improving our understanding of shoulder dysfunction associated to rotator cuff tears. However, technical difficulties make analysis of shoulder morphology and motion difficult in a clinical setting. The work carried out during this thesis allowed developing a method for 3D analysis of GH translations relying on the acquisition of sequences of biplanar radiographs with the EOS™ system. A pilot study carried out on 10 healthy subjects allowed verifying the ease of application of an image acquisition protocol and evaluating the repeatability of shoulder landmark identification on the radiographs. The final proposed method allows, following the acquisition of radiographs, obtaining a personalized morphologically realistic reconstruction of the scapula and a simplified model of the humerus. These models are then interactively registered to the images acquired at different arm positions and used to describe GH translations for these positions. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision and repeatability on images acquired of cadaveric shoulders and of patients with rotator cuff tears. The last part of the work presented here consists in applying the developed method to 30 subjects (25 patients and 5 asymptomatic subjects) for whom rotator cuff condition and shoulder function were assessed, and to study correlations between GH translations and shoulder function
Vallet, Maëva. "Développement d’un système d’imagerie photoacoustique : Validation sur fantômes et application à l’athérosclérose". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0086/document.
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a new imaging modality coupling ultrasound and optical imaging. This non-invasive technique achieves a penetration depth up to several centimeters with optical contrast and ultrasound resolution. Moreover, since PA signals are detected with a US scanner, PA imaging ideally complete US imaging, adding functional information to the structural ones brought by echography. Therefore PA imaging looks very promising, specifically as a clinical early diagnosis tool. The main objective of this thesis is to set up the required tools to develop the experimental investigation for this research topic and, in particular, to apply it to the diagnosis of vulnerable atheroma plaques. A PA imaging system has been set up and characterized using specifically designed bimodal phantoms. Additional studies have been made to evaluate the suitability of this imaging platform for clinical imaging. For example, in vivo imaging requires better signal detection in terms of contrast and sensitivity, achieved thanks to a new probe technology, and the identification of tissue composition using a multispectral optical excitation. Finally, PA and even PAUS real time imaging is a real asset for medical diagnosis that has been investigated. Another contribution of this work is the use of PA imaging to characterized atheroma plaques vulnerability with the detection of lipids inside these plaques. PA imaging, coupled to echography, can address this need. To study this possibility, the carotid artery has been considered and a new protocol has been elaborated to bring the optical excitation very close to this artery. A feasibility study has been realized on a specific phantom and the preliminary results are presented
Racicot, Pierre. "Pour un nouveau modèle de développement, le développementisme : conceptualisation et validation empirique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25450.pdf.
Lagacé, Pierre-Yves. "Développement et validation d’une méthode d’évaluation des translations glénohumérales 3D sous EOS". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1142/1/LAGAC%C3%89_Pierre%2DYves.pdf.
Selma, Brahim. "Contribution aux écoulements complexes gaz-liquide développement et validation d'un modèle mathématique". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1932.
Parcel, Régis. "Développement et validation initiale du questionnaire de honte de la vulnérabilité masculine". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2825.
Nguyen, Trong Hoan. "Développement et validation d'une méthode analytique de prévision de l'érosion de cavitation". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0010.
Zeghal, Slim. "Simulation dynamique de la polymérisation du styrène : développement et validation de modèles". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0225.
Bonnin, Anne-Sophie. "Développement et validation expérimentale de procédures de tests dynamiques des systèmes d’emballage". Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMS001.
Among their many functions, product protection is the main role of packaging systems. They must then withstand the various constraints occurring throughout distribution networks. Among these constraints are random vibration phenomena and transient phenomena. This thesis work proposes a contribution to the analysis of these phenomena as well as an improvement of their simulation in test laboratories. As random vibrations correspond to non-Gaussian process signals, a procedure of decomposition of their distribution into a sum of weighted Gaussian has been proposed. When applied to a real transport record and with the current test equipment, this decomposition provides a distribution of acceleration levels almost identical to the actual distribution. This method has been applied to the damage calculation of an academic packaging system. The study of transient phenomena and their simulation were conducted using the shock response spectra (SRS). There is a difference in frequency distribution between the excitation signal and the response signal of a system subjected to two transient events of same SRS. The wholeness of a shock-sustaining packaging system has been studied from an adapted γ-N curve which enables the estimation of damage caused by a transient event. In the future these results, obtained experimentally and by a numerical simulation, will require to be confirmed by applying them to the characterization of different packaging systems
Lemyre, Alexandre. "Développement et validation d'une théorie de la fonction adaptative biologique des rêves". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69661.
Several functions have been attributed to dreaming. Existing literature reviews on the theories of the function of dreaming are not exhaustive and contain few criticisms. The introduction of this thesis fills this gap in the literature by offering a critical review of contemporary theories of the function of dreaming. In light of this introduction, all existing theories present important limitations. The first chapter of this thesis is an article presenting a new theory of the function of dreaming: the Feeling Priming Theory (FTP). According to the FPT, the function of dreaming is to favor the motivation to avoid aversive anticipated events and to approach gratifying anticipated events. More specifically, it is suggested that a component of anticipated emotions – anticipated feelings – is reproduced in dreams. Upon awakening and during the day, these anticipated feelings would remain (pre)activated (primed) in memory. Consequently, anticipated emotions would exert a greater influence on avoidance and approach behaviors, mainly through an increase in the intensity of anticipatory feelings (i.e., feelings of fear or hope/desire). The second chapter of this thesis is an article presenting the development and use of a protocol aimed at testing hypotheses from the FPT. Sixty-four participants completed a logbook at home for a period that included two days with dream recall. Data were collected after waking up, after the morning routine, and before the bedtime routine. Participants reported their anticipated events, their degree of fear, desire and control over the anticipated events, the behaviors and decisions they adopted in relation to the anticipated events, the extent to which they thought about the anticipated events, and the similarity between their anticipated feelings and their dream feelings. The hypotheses were tested using linear and binary logistic mixed models. Fear toward an aversive anticipated event positively predicts the probability that the negative anticipated feeling associated with this anticipated event be reproduced in a dream. Experiencing this negative feeling in a dream positively predicts fear toward the aversive anticipated event on the next day, which in turn positively predicts the occurrence of an avoidance behavior. Furthermore, desire toward a gratifying anticipated event positively predicts the probability that the positive anticipated feeling associated with this anticipated event be reproduced in a dream. However, experiencing this positive feeling in a dream does not predict desire toward the gratifying anticipated event on the next day. Overall, the results from the validation study support part of the FPT. The conclusion of this thesis reviews the strengths and limitations of the proposed theory and the validation study. In the light of these strengths and limitations, potential avenues of research are explored. It is suggested that the FPT could serve as a basis for the development of a cognitive theory of dream production. Moreover, the empirical study could be replicated in a laboratory setting, which would allow to test the FPT in a controlled environment. Finally, the possibility of developing a new psychological treatment for nightmares based on the FPT is discussed. In summary, this thesis constitutes a major contribution to the dream literature. It presents a critical review of contemporary theories of the function of dreaming, proposes the FPT as an alternative to emotion regulation theories of dreaming, reports the results of an empirical study aimed at testing several hypotheses from the FPT, and demonstrates the relevance of this work for future theoretical, empirical, and clinical research.
Bosco, Elisa. "Développement d'une nouvelle méthodologie pour l'intéraction fluide structure nonlinéaire : concepts et validation". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0032/document.
An innovative method for numerical simulating complex problems of fluid structure interaction, such as non-linear transients, characterized by good performances and high precision is presented in this manuscript. To cut down the simulation time, reduced order models are used for both the aerodynamic and structural modules. High fidelity industrial models have been used. A technique of dynamic condensation is employed to reduce the size of the finite element model while the technique of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition is used on a database of aerodynamic pressures built from CFD simulations. Structural non-linearities are reintroduced a posteriori. Different interpolation techniques such as the classic spline interpolation, interpolation on a Grassmann Manifold with more innovative methods of statistical learning have been compared. In order to validate the developed methodology a test campaign has been designed to reproduce a simplified mechanism of interaction inspired by a flap track fairing in take-off configuration. A plate whose stiffness depends on the springs at its attachment to the wind tunnel test section floor is immersed in a mixing layer. In parallel to the test activities a numerical model of the test rig has been developed. The validation of the methodology of fluid structure interaction is done through direct comparison between test data and simulation results. The testing activities have granted a deeper comprehension of the vibratory phenomenon that has led to recurrent fatigue problems on the impacted structures. The methodology is ultimately applied to an industrial problem: the load prediction on flap track fairings excited by engine exhaust
Macedo, Alves de Lima Jean. "Développement et validation d'un nouveau critère de déformation progressive pour les REPs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDL0011.
During the design, construction and operation of a nuclear component, it is necessary to ensure its integrity whatever the operating conditions : nominal or accidental. The demonstration of the components’ resistance of the primary and secondary circuits to failure modes is necessary in order to validate the design of these structures. Among the possible failure modes is the phenomenon of ratcheting. The ratcheting check of nuclear power plant structures is mainly investigated by means of simplified methods or a complete inelastic analysis. Nevertheless, these methods are either conservatives or complex to use and implement. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to develop a new industrial design rule and/or new calculation methodology that is applicable to complex structures.The first chapter is addressed to the state of the art, in particular to the ratcheting phenomenon. The second chapter presents the modeling of metallic materials and the numerical methods to simulate cyclic calculations. We propose a new method for accelerating cyclic calculations in order to make the step-by-step integration method faster.The third chapter is devoted to the modeling of COTHAA tests. Constitutive models are evaluated in order to propose a robust model capable of simulating ratcheting. Results predicted by a simplified version of Chaboche model are found in good agreement as compared to experimental measurements. We also show the ability of the new acceleration method to simulate these tests. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the experimental study. We propose a new structural ratcheting test: the DEFPROG test. Secondly, we validate the model proposed in the third chapter on these experimental results. The fifth and last chapter is devoted to the proposal of the new design rule to forecast the risk of ratcheting. We propose and validate a new simplified method, while relying on experimental results and modeling
Feve, Séverine. "Validation du nettoyage appliquée à du matériel de développement industriel". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P055.
Grosset, Lisa. "Développement et validation d’un modèle de vieillissement thermique d’alliages d’aluminium pour application aéronautique". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM010.
In aeronautics, customers ask companies to consider the effects of temperature over the entire life of the product in structural requirements. Indeed, aircraft parts are demanded to last longer (up to 90 000 hours) and operate at higher temperatures (up to 250°C). No laws enable to predict the impact of thermal ageing on materials behavior. Current practices are to perform mechanical testing after ageing in ovens at various temperatures, but they are expensive and incompatible with the development schedules. This work aims to understand the thermal aging mechanism of aluminum alloys and its impact on mechanical properties, but especially to acquire a powerful tool able to quickly obtain material data after aging.During this study, many microstructural and mechanical analyses were conducted on three precipitation hardened aluminum alloys. Different combinations of aging time and temperature were tested to get a large database of these materials (static mechanical characteristics Rm, Rp0,2 and hardness and sizes of hardening precipitates). These data were then compiled into a computing aging model based on the classical theories of precipitation hardening, growth and coarsening of precipitates.The created aging model responds to the initial need and can conservatively predict the mechanical behavior of aluminum alloys under isothermal aging. Improvement areas are considered for this evolutionary model, such as the integration of fatigue behavior prediction and the inclusion of thermal cycles for a more realistic representation of service conditions of aircraft parts
Faure, Hugo. "Développement et validation d'un nouveau détecteur silicium de grande taille pour S3-SIRIUS". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE045/document.
The SPIRAL2 project will enable the production at GANIL of very intense radioactive and stable beams. Pushing the present-day limits of knowledge, it represents an opportunity for several fields of nuclear physics. The Super Separator Spectrometer S3 associated to its focal-plane detection system SIRIUS will take the best possible benefit of these intense stable beams especially for researches on the N=Z nuclei close to Tin-100 and on the super heavy elements. This thesis is dedicated to the SIRIUS Tunnel silicon detectors, with GEANT4 simulations and their corresponding experimental study of the SIRIUS Tunnel detectors prototypes. In addition to the detection efficiency characterization and the setting of corresponding limits on mechanical conceptual drawings, the simulations have enabled to shed light on the major forward step brought by zero dead-layer silicon detectors. The section dedicated to the manipulations starts with the presentation of the test bench set up at IPHC in order and test the prototypes and pre-series detectors. The Tunnel detector is also presented in its scientific and technical context. The Tunnel detector prototypes studies and the results obtained are detailed. Finally, the evolution toward series detectors is presented on the basis of the improvements done with the pre-series detector
Moravej, Maryam. "Développement et validation des matériaux métalliques pour stents cardiovasculaires biodégradables par dépôt électrolytique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27897/27897.pdf.
Degradable metallic coronary stents have emerged as possible alternatives for permanent stents fabricated from corrosion-resistant metals such as 316L stainless steel (316L SS). Pure iron has shown to be an interesting candidate for degradable stents in terms of mechanical properties, degradation and biocompatibility. This project is the first to investigate the feasibility of using electroforming process for production of iron for degradable stents where the material is used for a load-bearing application. In this project, firstly, an electroforming process was developed. The produced iron foils showed a fine microstructure and high yield and tensile strength were also obtained comparable to those of 316L SS. Annealing at 550˚C for 1h induced recrystallization in iron and improved its ductility from 8 to 18%. The investigation of the degradation of electroformed iron in Hank’s solution using potentiodynamic polarization, static immersion and dynamic degradation tests showed that it corrodes faster than Armco® iron previously investigated for degradable stents. The effect of current density as an electroforming parameter on the microstructure and thereby the degradation of iron was also studied. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed that different microstructures including grain size and texture were produced at different current densities from 1-10 A dm-2. The highest degradation rate was obtained for iron fabricated at 5 A dm-2 since it possesses small grain size and equiaxed grains with random orientations providing more grain boundary volume can be held responsible for its faster degradation rate compared to the other iron samples. Finally, the electroforming process was successfully applied for the fabrication of iron tubes. Iron tubes were electroformed on Sn cylinders which were separated from them by melting after the process. The tubes were then used for the fabrication of iron stents by laser-cutting. Iron stents fabricated from electroformed tubes demonstrated an average grain size of 5 µm after annealing and acid-pickling. This grain size is finer than what usually obtained for 316L SS stents and could potentially provide high mechanical properties and targeted degradation for electroformed iron stents.
Desbiens, Jean-François. "Développement et validation d'une mesure de perception de compétence infirmière en soins palliatifs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27972/27972.pdf.
Aithocine, Elise. "Développement et validation d'un instrument non-invasif de caractérisation du comportement musculaire respiratoire". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10141.
Better care in an anesthesia and critical care reduces monitoring duration of monitoring and improves the quality of recovery. For the particular case of respiratory assistance, the capacity to track and optimize patient-ventilator synchrony is essential to quality care. As a first step, this thesis addresses the development and validation of an instrument which characterizes respiratory behavior by studying the time lag between onset of upper airway muscles and rib cage muscles, cycle by respiration. This tool must take into account the constraints imposed by the clinical environment; measuring respiratory muscles by surface electromyographic measure (EMG). Measurement of the onset time lag, cycle by cycle and non-invasively, is a true challenge in a critical care clinical environment. Here the approach is two-fold: i) The development of a tool for events detection. Ii) The definition of an original protocol on healthy subjects. The tool development constitutes a knowledge bases to eventually develop automation of the processes in future work. From a physiological point of view, the influence of respiratory rate on the EMG onset time lag during inspiration has not been studied. Thus, we measured this time lag in normocapnia at various respiratory rates imposed by a sound stimulus. Statistically, the instrumental tool can distinguish two physiological situations in this experimental protocol, which confirms its sensitivity. The second step of this thesis is part of an optimization of events detection methods with singularities of interest. The chosen solution is based on structural intensity which computes the "density" of the locations of the modulus maxima of wavelet representation along various scales in order to identify singularities of an unknown signal. An improvement is proposed by applying Berkner transform which allows maxima linkage to insure accurate localization of landmarks. An application to cancel ECG interference in diaphragmatic EMG without a reference signal is also proposed
Raude, Emma. "Développement, validation et caractérisation d’un modèle ex vivo de peau humaine perfusé : FlowSkin". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0015.
Organotypic models as human skin explants are the most complex and among the most representative of in vivo skin existing today to test the efficacy or the safety of molecules of therapeutic interest during preclinical studies. However, the loss of vascularization and lymphatic system in these models remains a major limitation in tissue homeostasis that impedes the prediction of skin responses to a treatment. In addition, exchanges of nutrients and oxygen being limited to diffusion, models lifetime is limited. Different strategies have been implemented to study and improve mass transport mechanism in such models. Microfluidics offers a great potential to control diffusion and convection mechanisms that permit molecular exchanges in skin models.The objective of this project is to develop, characterize and validate an ex vivo perfused human skin model. The purpose of this intra-tissue infusion is to promote the exchanges of nutrients, oxygen or drugs, but also to improve metabolic waste elimination.The first objective of my work consisted in implementing an intra-tissue flow in a human skin explant, and in setting up a process to maintain the perfused model in culture for several days. To this end, a porous device was implanted in the dermis of the ex vivo human skin model NativeSkin, developed by the company Genoskin. The implantable device is then connected to a microfluidic system allowing the infusion of compounds within the tissue.The second objective was to develop analysis methods of the diffusion of compounds in skin explants. Four methods have been developed: macroscopic and qualitative evaluation of the diffusion using a dye, the study of the diffusion in real time by X-ray radiography, the study of the diffusion in three dimensions by X-ray tomography, and finally the analysis of the diffusion of fluorescent dextrans of different molecular weights, on histological sections. A numerical model allowing to simulate the diffusion in the skin model has also been developed using COMSOL software, allowing to predict the diffusion profile of a compound.The third and last objective of my work was to determine perfusion parameters allowing efficient molecular exchanges of compounds in the skin explant, but without damaging the tissue. A first series of experiments (8 donors) was carried out on models perfused with a constant flow-rate (2.5 µL/min) with culture medium, for 10 days. The results showed that at the end of the culture, skin models did not show any alteration in cell viability or tissue integrity, with maintenance of cell proliferation and metabolism. However, diffusion characterization in the model demonstrated a lack of reproducibility in the experiments, with significant inter and intra-donor variability. In addition, the infusion of different molecular weights dextrans has demonstrated that the mass transport of high molecular weight compounds was limited through the implantable device. We demonstrated that the control of the fluid pressure is critical and that imposing a pulsatile injection with slight overpressures improves the efficiency and reproducibility of the molecular species delivery and collection in the explant.These results have shown the potential of the developed FlowSkin model as a new tool to study the efficacy or toxicity of intravenously administered drugs directly onto human skin. In addition, the combination of FlowSkin with perfusion of oxygen carriers offers unique opportunities to extend the lifetime and further improve the relevance of such ex vivo skin model
Michaud, Maxime. "Développement et validation d'une méthode de relaxométrie T2* bi-exponentielle en IRM cérébrale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30226.
Iron accumulation plays a key role in the physiology of brain aging and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and multi- system atrophy (MSA). The quantification of intracerebral iron by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a major issue in current neuroimaging. To measure iron accumulation, one approach to quantitative MRI is the determination of T2* tissue relaxation characteristics (R2*=1/T2*). R2* mapping is generally calculated by adjusting the T2* decay signal of multiecho gradient acquisition data by a mono-exponential adjustment. Recent studies suggest a multi-exponential T2* to characterize tissues at the subvoxel level. The clinical utility of the latter methods is not yet established. Multi-echo gradient acquisition is disturbed by noise, introducing a bias in mono-exponential regression and even more so in multi- exponential regression. In this thesis, we proposed to develop a method for processing multiecho T2* brain images allowing a bi-exponential resolution (Bi-R2*). To overcome the low signal-to-noise ratio of these images, work on noise reduction has been conducted. Numerical simulation studies of signal decay made it possible to determine a selection criterion for determining subvoxel levels for the Bi-R2* method. The validity of the method was tested by further simulations, by an MRI phantom study and by a study of healthy young subjects. We have thus proposed a T2* acquisition method that optimizes bi-exponential resolution. Finally, we used the bi- exponential method on T2* MRI data from two previous studies (where the T2* acquisition method is not optimal) were analyzed: (i) a study aimed at cerebral modifications related to normal aging (ii) a study aimed at determining cerebral modifications between different neurodegenerative pathologies. The objective of this last part is to determine whether the bi- exponential method provides additional relevant information to the classical mono- exponential method
Kravtchenko, Florent. "Développement et validation d’un nouveau dispositif expérimental pour l’étude des réactions RO2 + HOx". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R067.
In the atmosphere, the degradation of organic pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is induced by the most important atmospheric oxidant: the hydroxyl radical OH. This degradation leads to the formation of peroxy radicals: hydroperoxy HO2 and alkylperoxy RO2. These radicals play a major role in tropospheric chemistry. The reactivity of RO2 and HOX (HO2 and OH) radicals controls the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary pollutants. In remote environments (or “clean environment” such as tropical forests or marine boundary layer), where the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is low, the reactions between RO2 and HOx dominate the atmospheric chemistry. However, this chemistry is still poorly known and controversial in the literature. The uncertainties and/or lack of data on RO2+HOx reactions rates and branching ratios can lead to important errors on modelling of ozone and radical concentrations in the atmosphere. The aim of the present work is the development of a new and innovative experimental device to bring new experimental results for the reactions RO2 + HOx. The new setup consists of a fast flow tube coupled to three complementary techniques: Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) for OH radical measurements, continuous wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) for HO2 radical measurements and Mass Spectrometry with Molecular Beam sampling (MB/MS) for measurement of stable reaction products and radical species. First, each of the three techniques has been validated independently, and then the validation of the complete system was done through the study of different known reactions between a stable species (ethane, propane, methanol, CO) and OH radicals. Two methods of OH radicals generation in the reactor were used: through the reaction F+H2OOH+HF and the reaction H+NO2OH+NO. An unexplained OH recycling phenomenon in the reactor has been observed for all reaction partners (except CO) when using F+H2O as precursors. This was confirmed during the study of reactions involving the same deuterated species. In this manuscript, the different tests that have been carried out in order to understand this phenomenon are described
Burga, Pérez Karen. "Développement et validation de microbiotests en phase solide pour l'évaluation écotoxicologique de sédiments". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0219/document.
The sediments are a compartment of the aquatic environment that tends to accumulate pollutants through the deposition of suspended solids. Sediment contamination can have potentially negative effects on aquatic organisms, so it is necessary to monitor, assess and protect the sediments to ensure the integrity of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The ANR-PRECODD DIESE (diagnostic tools for assessing sediment ecotoxicity) has joined efforts of different partners to develop a strategy for tiered environmental risk assessment of contaminated freshwater sediments. In the framework of this project our research was focused on the development and optimization of solid phase microbiotests to assess the ecotoxicity of freshwater sediments. The microbiotests selected in this study were the tests Microtox® solid phase (MSPA), the algal solid phase test, the test LuminoTox solid phase (Lum-SPA) and Ostracodtoxkit®. These biotests are characterized by different test conditions and assessment criteria. We have obtained different responses for each tested sediment. The algal test was the only ones that have not reported sensitivities with all samples tested. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the response of the test Lum-SPA and MSPA were correlated with some geochemical characteristics of sediments. Finally, we synthesized the responses of three microbiotests using an index of integration allowing to discriminate between the observed sediment ecotoxicity
Filipiak, Isabelle. "IRM de diffusion des fibres blanches cérébrales : développement et validation d'un objet-test". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3311/document.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is based on the measurement of water diffusion mobility in order to investigate brain microarchitecture and white fiber connectivity. The trajectory of white fibers bundles can be reconstructed by deterministic tractography methods depending on the principal direction of diffusion in tissu. However, tractography consist to complex mathematical algorithms reflecting an indirect visualization of white fibers. Our goal consisted to design a 3D phantom which imitates brain's diffusion properties, offering different degrees of diffusion mobility and imitating the organization of brain fibers. The phantom consists of three components 3D-Printing: BOX, SOLUTION, FIBER. The phantom was composed of various glucose solutions and dyneema synthetical fibers organized in all 3 directions. We developed a quality control of quantitative measurements for the SOLUTION's component. We have lead a comparison of fibers reconstruction between tractography and ground truth in FIBER's component. Results show that : ADC values were ranged on those brain values with glucose solutions; FA
Turcot, Stéphane. "Développement et validation d'un système expert en diagnostic de performance d'une PME manufacturière". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3214/1/000665058.pdf.
Boutal, Hervé. "Développement et validation de tests de détection rapide de la résistance aux antibiotiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS499/document.
Beta-lactams are antibiotics preferentially used against gram-negative bacilli infections. The worldwide spread of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemase-producing organisms is a global concern and also an economic threat.Within those organisms, Enterobacteriaceae have a major role as causes of nosocomial infections (and, for E. coli, also of community-acquired infections). The emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), mainly expressing beta-lactamases from the CTX-M family, and in a worrier aspect of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), mainly NDM, KPC, IMP, VIM and OXA-48 like enzymes, are undoubtedly a matter of great public health concern.CTX-Ms hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins and are the most encountered BLSE in Enterobacteriaceae, and CTX-Ms producers have been reported as the most prevalent ESBL producers in community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs). Moreover, CTX-M-producing E.coli are a major cause of bloodstream infections that are often secondary to UTIs. These severe infections are treated with carbapenems, considered as last resort antibiotics. Unfortunately, their increasing use put a selective pressure on Enterobacteriaceae, leading to more and more strains showing decreased susceptibility to carbapenems and potentially leading to therapeutic failure.Considering the limited treatment options for ESBL-E and that CPE are often resistant to several if not all classes of antibiotics, and for which very few (or no) antibiotic options remain available, their rapid detection and identification are essential. Reliable tests are needed to help physicians, to quickly provide appropriate infection control measures, to adapt rapidly antibiotic treatment and optimize care strategies and outcomes.While detecting ESBL-Es or EPCs, it is also crucial to identify the implicated beta-lactamase for accurate therapy implementation. To do so, the antibody-specificity based methods are undoubtedly appropriate. To respond to the current needs, antimicrobial drug resistance detection methods must be cheap (reduced costs of consumables and equipment) and easy to use (reduced technical complexity) for the end user, and LFIAs respond to this requirements. Our objective was to develop such tests, and this led us to produce monoclonal antibodies against CTX-Ms, NDM, KPC, IMP, VIM and OXA-48 carbapenemase families and to develop and validate the corresponding LFIAs. Our tests are robust assays, easily transferable in a commercialized version, stable for more than 24 months without refrigeration, user-friendly (no requirement of trained staff), high performance (sensitive and specific), low cost, from 7€ (monotest) to less than 15€ (multiplex). Moreover, the detection results are obtained in short delay without the need for highly technical equipment for the readout.Here, we validated a LFIA for the detection of CTX-Ms (from group 1) and to a wider extent evaluated the direct detection of CTX-Ms from groups 1, 2, 8 and 9 in clinical samples such as blood culture and urine. Mono-tests to detect NDMs and OXA-48-like, and a multiplex for the simultaneous detection of the five main carbapenemases were also validated. These validations were conducted using 180 well characterized isolates in terms of their -lactamase content from the French National Reference Centre for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Baffet, Guillaume. "Développement et validation expérimentale d’observateurs des forces du contact pneumatique/chaussée d’une automobile". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1695.
Estimation of vehicle-dynamic variables is essential for safety enhancement, in particular for braking and trajectory-control systems. The aim of this thesis is to develop state observers for the estimation of variables linked to tire-road friction. Different estimation methods are proposed in order to reconstruct tire-road forces and vehicle sideslip angle. The estimation algorithms are constructed so as to be functional in critical driving situations, notably for weak lateral accelerations and road friction changes. In addition to estimation methods, this thesis presents a substantial number of observer evaluations, performed in simulations and in experiments. The estimation process was integrated in an experimental vehicle, and was tested in real time, particularly in relation to wheel force measurements
Schaschkow, Anaïs. "Développement et validation de matériaux biomimétiques pour l'optimisation de la transplantation d'ilôts pancréatiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ056/document.
Pancreatic islet transplantation is one of the therapies proposed to type 1 diabetic patients. However, the considerable loss of islets during the process is an obstacle to the expansion of this therapy (culture: anoïkis and hypoxia; at graft time: intense inflammatory reactions triggered by intra-portal islet infusion). The objective of this work was to validate a biomaterial that can optimize islet transplantation. We were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of cross-linked plasma on the islet survival in culture through a drastic reduction of anoikis. We also design a new intra-tissular grafting technique using HPMC combined with plasma, which reversed diabetes in a manner similar to the liver. This work allowed validating the importance of an adapted culture support, but also the one of the recipient site. Also, this work placed the omentum as an excellent recipient site for this kind of transplant
Schaschkow, Anaïs. "Développement et validation de matériaux biomimétiques pour l'optimisation de la transplantation d'ilôts pancréatiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ056.
Pancreatic islet transplantation is one of the therapies proposed to type 1 diabetic patients. However, the considerable loss of islets during the process is an obstacle to the expansion of this therapy (culture: anoïkis and hypoxia; at graft time: intense inflammatory reactions triggered by intra-portal islet infusion). The objective of this work was to validate a biomaterial that can optimize islet transplantation. We were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of cross-linked plasma on the islet survival in culture through a drastic reduction of anoikis. We also design a new intra-tissular grafting technique using HPMC combined with plasma, which reversed diabetes in a manner similar to the liver. This work allowed validating the importance of an adapted culture support, but also the one of the recipient site. Also, this work placed the omentum as an excellent recipient site for this kind of transplant
Negre, Erwan. "Couplage ablation laser et imagerie spectrale rapide pour identification et analyses de plastiques : concept, développement et validation". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1036/document.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique based on the emission of a plasma arising from the laser-matter interaction. All the elements of the periodic table can be detected with a detection limit close to the ppm, regardless of the nature of sample: solid, liquid or gas. LIBS can perform elemental as well as molecular analysis, which makes it a trustworthy technique for the identification of organic materials, especially with reference to plastic waste sorting where the established techniques experience some difficulties to fulfill all the requirements of this issue. Nevertheless, the laser-induced plasma is a transient and inhomogeneous process regularly hard to master in comparison with an inductively coupled plasma. As a consequence, LIBS technique still remains marginal for the applications demanding a reliable and frequently quantitative information. This doctoral research, which falls within the framework of a partnership between the CRITT Matériaux Alsace and the Institut Lumière Matière in Lyon, proposes to examine the two issues mentioned above. A new LIBS instrument is first given. It is organized around several monitoring tools driven by a dedicated software which allowed us to considerably reduce the fluctuations of the LIBS signal coming from the different factors involved in the process of laser ablation (laser energy, sample and detection positions, etc…). The efficiency of this new LIBS instrument is then illustrated through the example of the quantification of trace elements in glass matrices
Pouchairet-Ramona, Jean-Laurent. "Développement d'un système d'initiation pyrotechnique, sécurisé, autonome, intelligent et intégrant des nanothermites". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0001/document.
Answering a growing need for standardization and adaptability in pyrotechnics, we hereby present a smart and safe pyrotechnical infrared (IR) flare electronically controllable through an embedded miniature initiation system. The countermeasure has been designed to fit within a 1”×1”×8” standard cartridge, and consists of three distinct blocks, which are mechanically and electronically interconnected: (1) a pyrotechnical ejection block integrating three ejection charges in a single metalized plastic casing, (2) a micro-initiation stage comprising nanothermite-based micro-initiators and a structured pyrotechnic loaf, (3) a STANAG 4187 compatible electronic control, command and power management block.Throughout this work, we developed a lumped parameter internal ballistics model for the ejection, and conducted a response surface methodology study to extract optimal design parameters. We developed a geometric regression script, based on level set techniques, to model the combustion of multicomponent, sequentially-initiated, partially inerted pyrotechnic loafs. We demonstrated, theoretically then experimentally, that we could control the combustion of IR pyrotechnic loaves using sequential initiation, and that we could control the ejection velocity of IR flares using multipoint mortar ejectors.This work resulted in integrating said technological block in a functional 1’’1’’8’’ controllable, autonomous safe and smart infrared flare demonstrator, CASSIS
Cassoulet, Raphaël. "Développement et validation de méthode d'analyse multirésiduelle de contaminants organiques et inorganiques dans des matrices biologiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11508.
Baup, Olivier. "La simulation numérique du soudage : développement et validation de méthodes simplifiées et de groupage de passes". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22014.
Sayar, Imen. "Articulation entre activités formelles et activités semi-formelles dans le développement de logiciels". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0030/document.
The development of correct formal specifications for systems and software begins with the analysis and understanding of client requirements. Between these requirements described in natural language and their specification defined in a specific formal language, a gap exists and makes the task of development more and more difficult to accomplish. We are facing two different worlds. This thesis aims to clarify and establish interactions between these two worlds and to evolve them together. By interaction, we mean all the links, exchanges and activities taking place between the different documents. Among these activities, we present the validation as a rigorous process that starts from the requirements analysis and continues throughout the development of their formal specification. As development progresses, choices are made and feedbacks from verification and validation tools can detect shortcomings in requirements as well as in the specification. The evolution of the two worlds is described via the introduction of a new requirement into an existing system and through the application of development patterns. These patterns manage both the requirements and their associated formal specifications ; they are elaborated from the description of the form of the requirements in the client document. They facilitate the task of development and help to avoid the risk of oversights. Whatever the choice, the proposed approach is guided by questions accompanying the evolution of the whole system and makes it possible to detect imperfections, omissions or ambiguities in the existing