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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Détection des nouveautés"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Détection des nouveautés"
Barnier, Jean-Philippe, e David Lebeaux. "L’antibiogramme : interprétation, pièges et nouveautés". Médecine Intensive Réanimation 33, n. 1 (29 marzo 2024): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37051/mir-00194.
Testo completoVogt. "Bildgebung in der Gastroenterologie – Was gibt es Neues?" Praxis 92, n. 35 (1 agosto 2003): 1435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.92.35.1435.
Testo completoBroussin, Marjorie, Chloé Richer e Tatiana Tumanova. "Jakuta Alikavazovic, La blonde et le bunker derrière le miroir…". Voix Plurielles 10, n. 2 (28 novembre 2013): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/vp.v10i2.849.
Testo completoCassier, Olivier. "Fiabilisation des contrôles ultrasons manuels : Le matériel a un rôle à jouer dans l'amélioration du facteur humain". e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, n. 9 (settembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28485.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Détection des nouveautés"
Abdel, Sayed Mina. "Représentations pour la détection d’anomalies : Application aux données vibratoires des moteurs d’avions". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC037/document.
Testo completoVibration measurements are one of the most relevant data for detecting anomalies in engines. Vibrations are recorded on a test bench during acceleration and deceleration phases to ensure the reliability of every flight engine at the end of the production line. These temporal signals are converted into spectrograms for experts to perform visual analysis of these data and detect any unusual signature. Vibratory signatures correspond to lines on the spectrograms. In this thesis, we have developed a decision support system to automatically analyze these spectrograms and detect any type of unusual signatures, these signatures are not necessarily originated from a damage in the engine. Firstly, we have built a numerical spectrograms database with annotated zones, it is important to note that data containing these unusual signatures are sparse and that these signatures are quite variable in shape, intensity and position. Consequently, to detect them, like in the novelty detection process, we characterize the normal behavior of the spectrograms by representing patches of the spectrograms in dictionaries such as the curvelets and the Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and by estimating the distribution of every points of the spectrograms with normal data depending or not of the neighborhood. The detection of the unusual points is performed by comparing test data to the model of normality estimated on learning normal data. The detection of the unusual points allows the detection of the unusual signatures composed by these points
Bouguelia, Mohamed-Rafik. "Classification et apprentissage actif à partir d'un flux de données évolutif en présence d'étiquetage incertain". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0034/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on machine learning for data classification. To reduce the labelling cost, active learning allows to query the class label of only some important instances from a human labeller.We propose a new uncertainty measure that characterizes the importance of data and improves the performance of active learning compared to the existing uncertainty measures. This measure determines the smallest instance weight to associate with new data, so that the classifier changes its prediction concerning this data. We then consider a setting where the data arrives continuously from an infinite length stream. We propose an adaptive uncertainty threshold that is suitable for active learning in the streaming setting and achieves a compromise between the number of classification errors and the number of required labels. The existing stream-based active learning methods are initialized with some labelled instances that cover all possible classes. However, in many applications, the evolving nature of the stream implies that new classes can appear at any time. We propose an effective method of active detection of novel classes in a multi-class data stream. This method incrementally maintains a feature space area which is covered by the known classes, and detects those instances that are self-similar and external to that area as novel classes. Finally, it is often difficult to get a completely reliable labelling because the human labeller is subject to labelling errors that reduce the performance of the learned classifier. This problem was solved by introducing a measure that reflects the degree of disagreement between the manually given class and the predicted class, and a new informativeness measure that expresses the necessity for a mislabelled instance to be re-labeled by an alternative labeller
Chapelin, Julien. "Détection et diagnostic de dérives de processus de production hétérogènes et complexes : proposition d’une approche générique d'intelligence artificielle basée sur l'apprentissage continu". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD026.
Testo completoThis thesis is set in the context of predictive maintenance for heterogeneous production processes, targeting three scientific issues: drift detection without the need for labeled data, drift diagnosis using hybrid methods, and the integration of these activities into an adaptable methodological approach. The first contribution proposes, via a decision logigram, a guided method for selecting the machine learning algorithms best suited to the data via the calculation of indicators. The second contribution presents a hybrid diagnosis, combining binary classifiers and decision trees enriched with expert knowledge, to identify the root causes of drift. Finally, the third contribution develops an integrated methodological approach to process drift detection and diagnosis, incorporating continuous learning steps to enable adaptation to process evolutions. Validated on an industrial process at SEW USOCOME, this approach shows promising results and confirms the relevance of the contributions
Bouguelia, Mohamed-Rafik. "Classification et apprentissage actif à partir d'un flux de données évolutif en présence d'étiquetage incertain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0034.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on machine learning for data classification. To reduce the labelling cost, active learning allows to query the class label of only some important instances from a human labeller.We propose a new uncertainty measure that characterizes the importance of data and improves the performance of active learning compared to the existing uncertainty measures. This measure determines the smallest instance weight to associate with new data, so that the classifier changes its prediction concerning this data. We then consider a setting where the data arrives continuously from an infinite length stream. We propose an adaptive uncertainty threshold that is suitable for active learning in the streaming setting and achieves a compromise between the number of classification errors and the number of required labels. The existing stream-based active learning methods are initialized with some labelled instances that cover all possible classes. However, in many applications, the evolving nature of the stream implies that new classes can appear at any time. We propose an effective method of active detection of novel classes in a multi-class data stream. This method incrementally maintains a feature space area which is covered by the known classes, and detects those instances that are self-similar and external to that area as novel classes. Finally, it is often difficult to get a completely reliable labelling because the human labeller is subject to labelling errors that reduce the performance of the learned classifier. This problem was solved by introducing a measure that reflects the degree of disagreement between the manually given class and the predicted class, and a new informativeness measure that expresses the necessity for a mislabelled instance to be re-labeled by an alternative labeller
Clément, Antoine. "Détection de nouveauté pour le monitoring vibratoire des structures de génie civil : approches chaotique et statistique de l'extraction d'indicateurs". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1348/.
Testo completoThe aim of structural health monitoring of civil structure is the early detection of damage to prevent tructure failure. But modelling the behaviour of such structure is a very challenging task due to it uniqueness and to the effect of environmental parameters on the dynamic. In this context, the novelty detection approach appears to be well adapted since it avoids the need of prior hypothesis on the nature of the dynamical behaviour, and integrates all variability factors. The work of this thesis has two principal aims. The first one is to quantify the ability of novelty detection to discriminate damage under strong environmental variations and impulse excitation. The second one is to introduce a new damage sensitive feature, referred as Jacobian Feature Vector (JFV). The JFV calculation is based on the reconstructed state space which exploits the progress achieved in the theory of non-linear dynamical systems, also known as chaos theory. The comparison between AR parameters, widely used for time series analysis, and the JFV is carried out on several case studies. One of them is a three storey wooden laboratory structure subjected to strong environmental variations and controlled excitation. Finally, since the last step of novelty detection is decision making based on statistical modelling of the normalized damage sensitive features, the robustness of several approaches for the setting of the classification threshold is investigated
Clément, Antoine. "Détection de nouveauté pour le monitoring vibratoire des structures de génie civil : Approches chaotique et statistique de l'extraction d'indicateurs". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687065.
Testo completoArégui, Astrid. "Novelty detection in the Belief Function Framework, with application to the monitoring of a waste incineration process : applications à la surveillance d'un système d'incinération de déchets". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1716.
Testo completoAbstract the main two contributions of this PhD Thesis are related with the belief function theory and the problem of novelty detection. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first introduces the main notions pertaining to the belief function theory before describing the associated contributions. The special case considered here is that where the variable of interest is defined from the result of a random experiment. Based on past observations, we introduce two different approaches to predict what the next observation will be. In the second part, the state of the art on the one-class classification problem is summarized before the benefits of the use of belief functions in this domain are shown. Indeed, this theory can be used together with novelty detectors so that the outputs of different classifiers are all expressed in the form of belief functions. The latter can then be compared or combined. Finally, an application to the monitoring of waste incineration plants is detailed
Kassab, Randa. "Analyse des propriétés stationnaires et des propriétés émergentes dans les flux d'information changeant au cours du temps". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10027/document.
Testo completoMany applications produce and receive continuous, unlimited, and high-speed data streams. This raises obvious problems of storage, treatment and analysis of data, which are only just beginning to be treated in the domain of data streams. On the one hand, it is a question of treating data streams on the fly without having to memorize all the data. On the other hand, it is also a question of analyzing, in a simultaneous and concurrent manner, the regularities inherent in the data stream as well as the novelties, exceptions, or changes occurring in this stream over time. The main contribution of this thesis concerns the development of a new machine learning approach - called ILoNDF - which is based on novelty detection principle. The learning of this model is, contrary to that of its former self, driven not only by the novelty part in the input data but also by the data itself. Thereby, ILoNDF can continuously extract new knowledge relating to the relative frequencies of the data and their variables. This makes it more robust against noise. Being operated in an on-line mode without repeated training, ILoNDF can further address the primary challenges for managing data streams. Firstly, we focus on the study of ILoNDF's behavior for one-class classification when dealing with high-dimensional noisy data. This study enabled us to highlight the pure learning capacities of ILoNDF with respect to the key classification methods suggested until now. Next, we are particularly involved in the adaptation of ILoNDF to the specific context of information filtering. Our goal is to set up user-oriented filtering strategies rather than system-oriented in following two types of directions. The first direction concerns user modeling relying on the model ILoNDF. This provides a new way of looking at user's need in terms of specificity, exhaustivity and contradictory profile-contributing criteria. These criteria go on to estimate the relative importance the user might attach to precision and recall. The filtering threshold can then be adjusted taking into account this knowledge about user's need. The second direction, complementary to the first one, concerns the refinement of ILoNDF's functionality in order to confer it the capacity of tracking drifting user's need over time. Finally, we consider the generalization of our previous work to the case where streaming data can be divided into multiple classes
Domingues, Rémi. "Probabilistic Modeling for Novelty Detection with Applications to Fraud Identification". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS473.pdf.
Testo completoNovelty detection is the unsupervised problem of identifying anomalies in test data which significantly differ from the training set. While numerous novelty detection methods were designed to model continuous numerical data, tackling datasets composed of mixed-type features, such as numerical and categorical data, or temporal datasets describing discrete event sequences is a challenging task. In addition to the supported data types, the key criteria for efficient novelty detection methods are the ability to accurately dissociate novelties from nominal samples, the interpretability, the scalability and the robustness to anomalies located in the training data. In this thesis, we investigate novel ways to tackle these issues. In particular, we propose (i) a survey of state-of-the-art novelty detection methods applied to mixed-type data, including extensive scalability, memory consumption and robustness tests (ii) a survey of state-of-the-art novelty detection methods suitable for sequence data (iii) a probabilistic nonparametric novelty detection method for mixed-type data based on Dirichlet process mixtures and exponential-family distributions and (iv) an autoencoder-based novelty detection model with encoder/decoder modelled as deep Gaussian processes. The learning of this last model is made tractable and scalable through the use of random feature approximations and stochastic variational inference. The method is suitable for large-scale novelty detection problems and data with mixed-type features. The experiments indicate that the proposed model achieves competitive results with state-of-the-art novelty detection methods
Lamirel, Jean-Charles. "Application d'une approche symbolico-connexionniste pour la conception d'un système documentaire hautement interactif : le prototype NOMAD". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10423.
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