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Tesi sul tema "Désordre intrinsèque"
Sahli, Line. "Contribution de la conformation et du désordre intrinsèque des gliadines de blé dans leur assemblage". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4073.
Testo completoIn recent years, the scientific community has been particularly interested in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs).These proteins are ubiquitous in the living world and represents more than a third of the human proteome. Their structural plasticity allows them to interact with various partners and to be involved in many biological processes. However, while many studies on human and plant IDPs have been done, few studies on plant storage IDPs have been done. The use of structural prediction tools has allowed us to highlight the existence of potentially disordered domains in wheat storage proteins. The role and behavior of these specific domains, during the accumulation of proteins in the seed, remain unclear. Their assembly and structural adaptation in dense protein bodies remain poorly understood. This thesis project aims to understand the role of predicted disordered domains in the assembly of wheat reserve proteins. The wheat γ-gliadin, which has both a disordered predicted N-terminal domain and an ordered predicted C-terminal domain, will constitute a protein model for all our research
Peysselon, Franck. "Désordre intrinsèque et analyses de réseaux d'interactions extracellulaires : des protéines et polysaccharides aux interactions hôte-Leishmania". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10317.
Testo completoBiomolecules perform their functions by interacting with other molecules. The identification of all biomolecules and their interactions is required to build their interaction networks. Their structural and functional analysis with bioinformatics tools (BiNGO, DAVID) allow us to identify the key biomolecules, to predict new protein functions and to understand and model the molecular mechanisms of biological or pathological process. Intrinsically disordered proteins or regions, which are characterized by structural plasticity, may interact with many partners and may play a role in the interaction networks. Using the predictor IUPred we mapped the intrinsic disorder in protein interaction networks of the extracellular matrix and of the proteoglycans constructed from the MatrixDB database developed in the laboratory. We have shown that the highest connected proteins of these two networks are not enriched in disorder. The molecular functions overrepresented in the set of extracellular proteins containing at least 50% of intrinsically disordered residues are interactions with growth factors or glycosaminoglycans. We studied a dataset of heparin-protein interactions including 118 kinetic values and we have shown that the association rate of proteins with heparin is related to the intrinsic disorder of heparin-binding sites. We also studied the interactions of the extracellular matrix with a pathogen, the parasite Leishmania. We have shown that proteins secreted by Leishmania are not enriched in disorder compared to their proteome. We have selected eleven parasite proteins containing at least three interaction motifs, which may interact with the host
Charon, Justine. "Contribution du désordre intrinsèque des protéines aux fonctions impliquées dans le cycle viral et l'évolution adaptative des virus à ARN : étude appliquée au genre modèle Potyvirus". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0373/document.
Testo completoProteins are essential actors involved in a majority of molecular and cellular processes. The features associated with the functions of these macromolecules have been recently questioned with the emergence of the intrinsic disorder concept. It defines the transitory or permanent lack of 3D structure in some proteins or regions as directly related to their functions. Among RNA viruses, the properties of disordered proteins may be linked to the ability of these microorganisms to hijack the host machinery by interacting with multiple partners, as well as to adapt to the multiple constraints they must face as obligatory parasites. This work focuses on the Potyvirus genus, which includes some of the most damaging plant pathogens studied to date. The goal of this thesis was to explore the functions associated with intrinsic disorder in the infectious cycle of this viral genus as well as in its process of adaptation. Our studies have shown that i) intrinsic disorder is ubiquitous in potyviruses; ii) intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) of some of potyviral proteins are likely to be associated with important functions for the viral cycle ; iii) IDR are generally less evolutionary constrained, suggesting an adaptive potential of these regions ; iv) predicted IDR seem to favor the appearance of mutations and therefore virus ability to accumulate genetic diversity during its evolution in natural host ; v) an experimental disorder modulation within the Viral genome-linked (VPg) protein has been demonstrated as positively correlated with the adaptive ability of the Potato virus Y to overcome the pvr23 recessive resistance in pepper
Lalande, Alexandre. "Agrégation et fibrillation des facteurs de virulence W et V des virus Hendra et Nipah". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10223.
Testo completoHendra and Nipah viruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential. Their high virulence in humans, their lethality, the absence of treatment or vaccine, and the bioterrorist threat they could represent, make them of the highest biosafety level. These paramyxoviruses are responsible for severe respiratory syndromes and encephalitis, with case fatality rates than can be over 90%. Their pathogenicity is underpinned in particular by the expression of their virulence factors W and V, viral proteins specialized for inhibiting and evading the host immune response. These proteins are intrinsically disordered, and act by binding and counteracting key elements of the cellular innate response cascades. Based on in vitro studies demonstrating the ability of the W and V to form amyloid-like fibrils, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the aggregation and fibrillation properties of these proteins, their molecular determinants, and the associated functional consequences, in a cellular context. Our working hypothesis is that the formation of aggregates and fibrils is a viral strategy for sequestering cellular immune proteins and, more broadly, for interfering with cellular functions to the benefit of the virus. We have demonstrated the formation of nuclear filaments by the W of Hendra virus, a phenotype dependent on its N-terminal region and its cysteine residues, and linked to redox phenomena. We also highlighted the colocalization of filaments with nuclear filamentous actin, suggesting an interaction whose nature and role remain to be investigated. The W also forms globular and amorphous aggregates, as does the W of Nipah virus, which however does not fibrillate. The cytosolic V proteins do not fibrillate either. Altering the aggregation capacity negatively impacts the inhibitory role of the W of Hendra virus on the NF-κB innate immunity pathway. These results shed new light on the understanding of the molecular properties of Henipavirus virulence factors, which may contribute to their pathogenesis
Van, Den Berg Tineke. "Conductivité de spin et effets magnétiques dans les systèmes quantiques désordonnés". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4812/document.
Testo completoSpintronics is a research area that is concerned with the storage and transfer of information by means of electron spins. In the first part we investigated the intrinsic spin Hall effect in the presence of disordered magnetic impurities in a paramagnetic state in a two dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In the presence of weak magnetic disorder the spin Hall conductivity stays close to its universal (clean system) value, as shown by analytical linear response calculations and numerical simulations. Heavy spin conductivity fluctuations are observed, that increase with disorder strength. To investigate the spreading of a wavepacket on a lattice we measure the wavepacket width, the inverse participation ratio and the (2)-fractal dimension. It is shown the system undergoes a localization transition at a critical disorder strength. In the localized regime the local density of states is not uniform anymore. An anti-ferromagnetic correlation between electron spins and impurity magnetic moments is observed. Beyond the localization transition the spin conductivity increases significantly. The first quantum (Cooperon) corrections in the linear response formalism are shown to contribute positively to the spin Hall conductivity. In the second part the double exchange Hubbard model for correlated electron systems is studied using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) with the non-crossing approximation (NCA). Around quarter filling an orbital polaron is observed, numerically and in an effective Hamiltonian. Double exchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors is studied using the coherent potential approximation (CPA)
Van, Den Berg Tineke. "Conductivité de spin et effets magnétiques dans les systèmes quantiques désordonnés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4812.
Testo completoSpintronics is a research area that is concerned with the storage and transfer of information by means of electron spins. In the first part we investigated the intrinsic spin Hall effect in the presence of disordered magnetic impurities in a paramagnetic state in a two dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In the presence of weak magnetic disorder the spin Hall conductivity stays close to its universal (clean system) value, as shown by analytical linear response calculations and numerical simulations. Heavy spin conductivity fluctuations are observed, that increase with disorder strength. To investigate the spreading of a wavepacket on a lattice we measure the wavepacket width, the inverse participation ratio and the (2)-fractal dimension. It is shown the system undergoes a localization transition at a critical disorder strength. In the localized regime the local density of states is not uniform anymore. An anti-ferromagnetic correlation between electron spins and impurity magnetic moments is observed. Beyond the localization transition the spin conductivity increases significantly. The first quantum (Cooperon) corrections in the linear response formalism are shown to contribute positively to the spin Hall conductivity. In the second part the double exchange Hubbard model for correlated electron systems is studied using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) with the non-crossing approximation (NCA). Around quarter filling an orbital polaron is observed, numerically and in an effective Hamiltonian. Double exchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors is studied using the coherent potential approximation (CPA)