Tesi sul tema "Désir – Anthropologie"
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Bouit, Delphine. "Anthropologie du désir et communication". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010609.
Testo completoWhat is the philosophical fundament of the feeling of loss of communication, as expressed by human individuals who live in the present society, called "society of communication"? The questioning paradox is the following: consciousnesses experience themselves as separated, and what separates consciousnesses is the sciences. . . Of communication. Isn't communication today compared to a compromise, the "communicational phenomenon" being merely transactional? The historical fundament of the idea of communication as separation and mediation is found in sartre's doctrine. Sartre's theory of practical sets describes mediate communication, the latter being founded on the postulate of the ontological separation of consciousnesses. This postulate marks a turning point in existential philosophy which previously analysed communication of consciousnesses. The critical scrutiny of sciences, techniques, and current theorizations of communication permits two statements which are complementary. On one hand, communication today has become a materialized practice in the sartrian sense of the word: it unites those whom it separates. On the other hand, the denial of the subject, as it was postulated by sartre from the transcendence of ego onwards, represents the common fundament of the current anthropological conceptions of communication. A phenomenological description of communication as a modality of existence leads to espouse the crossed movements of the desiring consciousnesses who are in relation with each other, of the desires-subjects being conscious to experience their freedom in the reciprocal exchange realized by them within their common creation
Teffahi, Abdellah. "Pour une anthropologie philosophique contemporaine". Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML002/document.
Testo completoThe situation of man in the world raises the fundamental issue of the rapport between feeling and rationality, a dichotomy which transforms human action in history in positive or negative ways. However, the fact that feelings encompass a wide spectrum of emotional hues inherent to the human condition places affectivity at the core of reality. As affectivity manifets itself in the body as a psychosomatic experience, so it immerses the individual in a wish for being, in a search for hapiness and a desire for peace of mind and body. Yet in modern times, this desire to be no longer becomes a desire or enthusiasm for spiritual effort nor a striving toward wisdom and peace between men as a project for historical realisation; instead, the aim of mankind has become hapiness as the pursuit of pleasure and self-satisfaction
Mailloux, Claude. "Counseling pastoral et désir d'altérité, contribution de Denis Vasse à une anthropologie psychoreligieuse". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62096.pdf.
Testo completoErtugral, Yris. "Le désir de maternité et la mort, en France, depuis la légalisation de la contraception et de l’avortement". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0448.
Testo completoIn France, since the legalization of contraception and abortion, the desire for motherhood has been asserted. Once natural, a child’s birth has become a scheduled choice, medically assisted, often taken for granted. Today, sterile women want to become mothers and sometimes can, thanks to the new reproductive techniques. The medical, technological progress arises incredible hopes. Even death appears like an improper phenomenom. Considering that death is present in oneself at any moment of one’s life, this study aims at appreciating what the personal relation with death induces to the desire for motherhood. To observe the link between this desire and death, to follow the behaviours evolution for the last 40 years, the research is supported by forty witnesses (men, women). Specialists explain their practices. Paris everyday life is taken as a setting. What parts do the social frame, the “family novel”, the hazards play in the desire to be (or not to be) a mother? What is becoming a mother, refusing that part, being sterile? What is facing the laws about abortion, eggs donor, surrogacy, or sterilization? The answers necessarily change in a country where each bioethics law revision causes an endless stir
Tocco, Morgane. "“Moi aussi je te regarde” : une anthropologie politique des regards de femmes sur les corps d’hommes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0131.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with women's gazes on men's bodies as a part of ordinary heterosexual seduction relationships, in contemporary France. It questions the ability of women who are attracted to men to look at men and to be seduced by their bodies, in a society marked by both an aspiration to gender equality and the dissymmetry of seductive roles. This dissymmetry is based on the lawfulness of male sexual desire, and attributes the attractiveness of the body to the female role. The ambition is to understand the factors that are regulating women's heterosexual gazes and their experiences of visual seduction, all while recognizing the visual, erotic and political subjectivity of women. The fieldwork consists of an ethnographic interview survey, enhanced by a participatory photography experiment, and of the ethnography of two participatory art projects created by women. These projects aim to encourage the creation and visibility of images that eroticize men's bodies within illustration and photography. Women's gazes are thus studied through indirect observation, from the discourses and figurative practices (drawing and photography) of the research participants. This thesis stands at the crossroads between Sensory Anthropology, Political Anthropology, as well as Gender and Sexuality Studies. By inverting the usual androcentric perspective, it sheds light on the perceptual experiences of women as active participants in the act of gazing
Petit, Valérianne. "Contribution à une anthropologie psychanalytique du suicide : concomitance entre le passage à l'acte suicidaire et le souhait d'enfant chez la femme psychotique". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070037.
Testo completoFirstly, we intend to draw the main scientifics considerations about suicide to extract the agencement and influence of our conceptual prejudices. The introduction of psychiatric, sociological and philosophical inputs in suicide's theories, drive us to recognize suicide in some institutions (ex: catholic church). According to the conclusions of this analysis, we propose to study suicide relatively to an anthropological psychoanalytic point of view. So, we extract Freud and Lacan's words about suicide and specifically how suicide is contingent on transference. At the same time, we present some studies of paradigmatic cases of psychotics women whose wishes of having a child were followed from suicide attempts. Then we support our development with the book 10 of Lacan's conferences to demonstrate that wishing a child is bounded to the repetition of the subject entrance in the Other's desire. This argument drives us to think how suicide varies according to the kind of joy in the signifier. So, we consider that suicidal passage has a model in the psychotic's petrifaction. Our idea seems pertinent both in suicidal and feminine's therapies. This idea is also suitable to the study of the ethic in institutions as the psychoanalytic institution. So we answer to our first question about the bounding of suicide and culture by considering that suicide is related to ignorance (Lacan, 1954). At last, we state the hypothesis of a social clinic considering that if suicide is related to ignorance and to "je ne pense pas" (lacan), it induce a "speech wall" (medias. . . . ), acts instead of words (passage) or, at least, a metaphor (psychoanalytic's pass)
Codjia, Paul. "Le dire et le désir : une ethnographie des usages affectifs et politiques de la parole chez les Wampis (Amazonie péruvienne)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0197.
Testo completoThe Wampis belong to a language family known as Jivaro and reside in the northern Peruvian Amazon. From the 1950s onwards, their settlements have undergone a nucleation process into villages, driven by Christian missionaries, which transformed the hitherto sporadic distribution of houses on their territory. Following a vast agrarian reform carried out by the Peruvian government, the 1974 Indigenous Communities Act granted these villages with common property titles over a plot of forestland to carry out their subsistence activities (hunting, fishing, horticulture). As a condition for obtaining these titles, the law requires the election of a steering committee headed by a president. This newly established access to property has led to the emergence of a state-like hierarchical structure within the Wampis collective. Inspired by this governance model, three hundred Wampis leaders proclaimed the birth of the Wampis Nation Territorial Autonomous Government (GTANW) in 2015, not recognized by the Peruvian central state. This government places under its jurisdiction the "ancestral" territory, encompassing all Wampis communal properties. Yet this political organization, presented as necessary to defend the territory from extractive ambitions and the pollution they generate, creates a tension with respect to these individuals and their families’ atavistic attachment to autonomy. Indeed, they spontaneously refuse to submit to the authority of a non-consanguineous person.Being autonomous, that is, being able to follow and fulfill one’s desires, is an ideal of personal achievement that is actively sought, as illustrated by the ritual quests of a powerful Arutam spirit. A successful quest, carried out with the use of psychotropic plants, grants an individual with the spirit’s power and the strength to achieve personal ambitions (studying, starting a family, working in a paid job or becoming a political leader). The spirit can also transmit magical Anen songs to the seeker. These secretly uttered incantations have the power to influence the addressee’s thoughts, emotions and actions in order to satisfy the singer’s desires. Their postulated effectiveness rests on specific pragmatic and emotional conditions that the singer must strive to reproduce with each recitation.My investigation compares two distinctive modalities of speech use that my hosts employ to shape their relational network and leadership: ritual speech and political speech. The ritual speech of the Anen songs is used in secret to satisfy the desires and needs of individuals. It serves personal fulfillment. Public political speech aims at defending the common interests by confronting individual speaking skills. The political speech must serve the realization of the collective or, more exactly, must serve individual realization by the medium of collective realization. In both contexts, the speakers are primarily concerned with the emotional effects of their words on the addressees. My thesis argues that, by reproducing the pragmatic and emotional conditions necessary for the effectiveness of Anen songs, the leader tries to give his speeches the same performative force as that of incantations. Through a pragmatic analysis of the uses of speech, integrating their emotional dimension, I show that my hosts provide an original answer to the existing tension between autonomy and state hierarchical organization: the chief is only legitimate if he is powerful enough to give others, through his own speech, the strength, courage and skills to fulfill their desires and to be leaders. The leader produces political rivals. Therefore, to maintain his power, the Wampis leader must establish the conditions for his own dismissal
Antier, Guilhen. "L' origine qui vient : réflexion anthropologique et théologique sur l'eschatologie et ses représentations". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30028.
Testo completoThis piece of work aims at exploring the question of Christian temporality and particularly of eschatology within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach at hte cross-road of theology , philosophy and psychoanalysis. A certain number of contemporary interrogations related to time, history and noticeably to the question of their "end", based on biblical sources inherited from Christianity, will remain at the origin of our argumentation. We will pay particular attention to a specific dimension of this study, with regards to the concept of the self in order to unveil a gateway to the frame of our problematic with regards to the existing gap of an entire section of a certain occidental tradition of metaphysics, categorized by ontological speculations and the objectification of God. Firstly, we will research elements within Kierkegaard's work in order to constitute an existential thought of "the process of becoming". We will also pay attention to the study of the phenomenon of representation within the perspective of a critical reading of the Scriptures, in order to make the biblical text resonate in harmony with our modern world. Therefore, we will appeal to Ricœur and Lacan and look into their ideas for a possible way of articulating the questions of "meaning" and "desire" within the practice of reading. We will confront our findings to the biblical text whilst trying to establish an interpretation of some of Paul's, Matthew's and John of Patmos' texts treating of eschatology, in order to reveal a certain amount of outcomes related to the score of the self, creation, ethics and politics which are susceptible of renewing the actual existing reflection in these particular fields
Kuang, Quan. "Une ontologie de la liberté dans l'œuvre de Paul Ricoeur". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAK010/document.
Testo completoOne of the persistent concerns of Paul Ricœur’s philosophy is to reflect upon the human being as being free. At the anthropological level, Ricœur always considers freedom within concrete human condition, in which nature, body, others and society are all involved. One’s freedom becomes real, affirming and powerful only when such condition is recognized. At the ontological level, it is only as a free being that one has the privileged access to the understanding of being in general. Human as free being reveals that being should not be understood as objectivity, but as an affirming act. Finally, at the methodological level, Ricœur’s elaboration of phenomenological hermeneutics constitutes an essential element of his ontology of freedom. From his methodological development, it can be seen that the thinking philosopher himself, as a free being, is also engaged in his inquiry. In this regard, Ricœur’s philosophy as such becomes an attestation of free being, especially in his confrontation with the enigma of evil
Ringel, Steve. "Désirs et croyances dans l'aide humanitaire : actions dans les camps de réfugiés du HCR à l'Est du Tchad". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0400.
Testo completoIn early 2006 approximately 230000 Darfurians were quartered in 13 refugee camps in eastern Chad. The Western emergency aid industry responded to this crisis by installing camps in this Sahelien zone on the fringe of the Sahara desert. Such an operational mode is characteristic of aid operations where refugees are involved. The strategies and efforts of the crisis-affected population are hardly taken into account by the Western aid system. Nevertheless, the recipients manage to make use of what is being provided to them. Consequently, the camp-form setting can be seen as a means for the aid industry to reduce the level of uncertainty. Yet, at the same time, this setup limits the adaptation of aid to the genuine needs of crisis-affected populations. This research product analyses the paradigms related to refugees living in camps. The latter are not a homogeneous group even though they are often portrayed as such. In this text, thought-provoking inquiries related to relief operations in crisis zones were carried out via a methodology which was developed for this research. Moreover, new ways and forms of need-based aid are made apprent by underlining the opposition of beliefs and longings in the humanitarian aid sector
Fouquet, Thomas. "Filles de la nuit, aventurières de la cité : arts de la citadinité et désirs de l’Ailleurs à Dakar". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0486.
Testo completoThis thesis is based on the ethnography of young Dakar women who produce themselves in bars and nightclubs, where they negotiate various forms of sexual-economic exchange while refashioning their social positioning through the reinvention of physical and symbolic boundaries. I call them city adventurers in order to discuss the critical postures and alternative social trajectories they print in urban interstices. Filigree careers of the night, some trajectories of extraversion are made possible by the cosmopolitan skills gradually acquired. How to replace the culture of migration in Senegal in a socio-historical frame of extraversion that includes a wider range of social and historical configurations? What are the specific issues linked to the definition of an art of urban subaltern citizenship? On the whole, what are the contributions of such analysis for understanding the debates of modernity which Senegal is the scene since the mid-20th century? The scocial trajectories of those city adventurers are rooted in the invention of an imaginaryexile- making a social and cultural distance, a change of scenery. This interpretation introduces a questioning of modernity and cosmopolitanism as terrains de contestation historically constituted and constantly updated
Plancke, Carine. "J’irais avec toi : désirs et dynamiques du maternel dans les chants et les danses punu (Congo-Brazzaville)". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0601.
Testo completoThis PhD-thesis explores the mainly female song and dance practices of the Punu of Congo-Brazzaville. It develops their potential to give expression to creative impulses and affects and also highlights their regenerative capacity. To this enjd a double approach is adopted: a phenomenological and a praxeological one. Each approach is realized through a specific method. A precise description of concrete events discloses their most striking impulses and inspirations emerging in connection with the pre-established song and dance structure. The outline of the different dynamics leads to the qualification of these events as potential spaces: they open up space for singular contributuions that nevertheless stay in close connection with the group and the shared ethos. An analysis of the Punu life world at moments of important transition. It is sustained that this revitalisation acts through a resonance connecting the physical, social and cosmic body, furthered by the congruence operating between the song and dance forms and the regenerated universe. The song and dance practices are most strongly oriented towards the watersprit universe. As this universe is conceived in reference to the intra-uterine experience, its nature and the particularity of the dance dynamics relating to it are finally re-evaluated in their matrixial dimension, i. E. In their weaving of transformational borderlinks that generate continuous transmissions in a multisensorial encounter that is accompanied by shared and diffused affects
Bihan, Alain-Christophe. "De l’anthropos : se savoir humain, entre foi et savoir". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100204/document.
Testo completoThe secularization phenomenon, which in our western societies seeks to free itself from the sacred, has contributed to the emergence of a human figuration at the centre of the universe. Despite this progress, traces of the sacred that induce tensions between faith and knowledge continue to prevail today within secularization. These two universal concepts, which legitimately attract and repel each other, fundamentally question the human, to the point of putting into question the human’s underlying ontology. An observation that poses its own diagnosis. In fact, the question of the anthropos continues to articulate itself within the tradition of religion. If modernity, initiated by Kantian anthropology, poses the first attempts of an emancipation of the sacred by advocating the autonomy of reason, this idealized secular human does not renounce the world of God. And with good reason, as it is always represented as secular in contrast with the human of the religious sphere. Seeking to overcome all forms of resistance regarding the divine dimension, I propose letting the human emerge and come to be represented by means of a thought experiment that extends beyond the interpretative gesture imposed by the institutionalization of religion. I will go back to the first traces of the human that persist in early documents and texts that precede the concept of human as we understand it. This legacy may have been forgotten, but it was not lost. In the manner of an archaeologist of languages, I return to the first moments of naming in writing that takes place in Genesis. In these writings, which recall the event of Babel that plunges the human into the dissemination of its proper name, emerges the need for the human being to translate itself anew, as a work, in its own language, just to survive. Translate itself in order to know itself as human rather than as "anthropos". To understand the modalities of this task, I’ve brought together the ancient thinkers Paul of Tarsus, Seneca, and Clement of Alexandria. In analyzing these writings, I have scrutinized and cross-referenced the nominations of the human from the occurrences of the words "anthropos" and "homo", while avoiding as much as possible the interpretive prism imposed by the institutionalization of religion. I sought inspiration from a stoic interpretive framework deriving from Epictetus to create, through dialogue with these three ancient thinkers, the translation of the secular human. A translation that stems from the anthropology of happiness based on the coherence of the disciplines of judgment, desire and action. A translation, has ultimately led to thinking that, avant la lettre, before writing, there is a way to think the emergence of anthropos, neither profane, sacred, religous or secular, that there is a way to "know oneself" as anthropos
Chateauneuf, Doris. "Désir d'enfant, procréation médicalement assistée et adoption : réflexion sur la définition des liens de parenté". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5034.
Testo completoThe social context surrounding reproduction and the desire for children in the West has undergone a profound transformation in recent decades. Following the introduction of contraception and the increase in the number of children born out of wedlock, the development of new reproductive technologies and adoption, particularly international adoption, has in turn contributed to transforming the frameworks surrounding kinship and the formation of families. Based on the testimonials of Québec couples whose successive failures in medically assisted procreation (MAP) have led them to the decision to adopt, this thesis examines the multiple dimensions involved in this type of trajectory. Socially, both AR and adoption require the intervention of a third party to establish and legitimize filiation: the medical profession in the case of AR, and legal and government authorities in the case of adoption. Both phenomena also put into play situations and issues that are highly revealing of values and collective representations regarding kinship and the family. At first glance, the type of path studied seems to illustrate a transition between two completely separate spheres: that of nature and biology embodied by AR, and that of culture and social relations embodied by adoption. However, the study of the participants’ trajectories reveals a much more complex situation in which a set of explanations and factors related to the desire for children, the family, and parenthood intertwine and make sense only when viewed in the context of the major social and ideological trends that our society is undergoing. More generally, the analyses proposed in this thesis contribute to the development of an anthropology of kinship that accounts for the dynamics and tensions that affect the modern family.
Lalonde, Marie-Claude. "Récits de québécoises sur leur utilisation des Nouvelles Technologies de Reproduction afin de combler leur désir de parentalité". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19268.
Testo completoWith the technologies available in order to mitigate infertility, it would seem that having a child would be easy. However, the dialogue of fifteen Quebecers that are dealing with or have dealt with infertility illustrates that the process of medically assisted procreation has its pitfalls. As explained by Felicia, "Infertility affects many, many spheres of life". One objective of this work is to question the choice of women who go to fertility clinics when difficulties to procreate arise and to outline the impacts of their choice. This research will demonstrate that Quebecers and the choices they make in the reproductive field are profoundly influenced by social pressures and the way of thinking of their society.